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Golomb BA, Han JH. Adverse effect propensity: A new feature of Gulf War illness predicted by environmental exposures. iScience 2023; 26:107363. [PMID: 37554469 PMCID: PMC10405325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of 1990-1 Gulf-deployed personnel developed drug/chemical-induced multisymptom illness, "Gulf War illness" (GWI). Veterans with GWI (VGWI) report increased drug/exposure adverse effects (AEs). Using previously collected data from a case-control study, we evaluated whether the fraction of exposures that engendered AEs ("AE Propensity") is increased in VGWI (it was); whether AE Propensity is related to self-rated "chemical sensitivity" (it did); and whether specific exposures "predicted" AE Propensity (they did). Pesticides and radiation exposure were significant predictors, with copper significantly "protective"-in the total sample (adjusted for GWI-status) and separately in VGWI and controls, on multivariable regression. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress (OS) underlie AEs from many exposures irrespective of nominal specific mechanism. We hypothesize that mitochondrial toxicity and interrelated OS from pesticides and radiation position people on the steep part of the curve of mitochondrial impairment and OS versus symptom/biological disruption, amplifying impact of new exposures. Copper, meanwhile, is involved in critical OS detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A. Golomb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Motallebzadeh E, Suliman Maashi M, Mahmoud MZ, Aliasgharzedeh A, Vakili Z, Talaei SA, Mohseni M. Radioprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine on rats' brainstem following megavoltage X-irradiations. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 187:110348. [PMID: 35779304 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the radioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the radiation-induced oxidative stress (OS) in the rats' brainstem. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty rats in four identical groups, including vehicle control (VC), irradiation alone (RAD), irradiation with 1 g/kg of NAC treatment (RAN), and NAC treatment without radiation (NAC) were used. Whole-brain irradiation was performed with a single dose of 25 Gy. The rats received the treatments via intraperitoneal (IP) injection 1 h before the irradiation process. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in the rats' brainstem and compared between the groups. Furthermore, the pathological study was performed to assess tissue damage after 24 h, 72 h, and 5 days of irradiation. RESULTS The levels of NO and MDA in the brainstem tissue for the RAD group were 60.37 ± 3.35 μmol/L and 45.10 ± 2.48 μM, respectively, which were higher than those of VC group (NO: 30.41 ± 1.83 μmol/L; MDA: 31.02 ± 1.71 μM). The level of SOD, CAT, TAC, and GPx declined in the RAD compared to the VC group. Pre-treatment with NAC decreased the level of NO and MDA and also enhanced the antioxidant activities. The greatest pathological changes in the rats' brainstems were seen in RAD animals compared to the VC group at 24 h, 72 h, and 5 days. Furthermore, the pathological changes were not observed in the NAC group in all the assessed times. CONCLUSION Based on the results, NAC can decrease the irradiation-induced oxidative stress and pathology damages in the rats' brainstem. It can be concluded that NAC can be an appropriate radioprotection candidate for the human brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Motallebzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Z Mahmoud
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzedeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zarichehr Vakili
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Aras S, Tanzer İO, Can Ü, Demir H, Sümer E, Baydili KN, Orak R. Radioprotective effects of melatonin against varying dose rates on radiotherapy-induced salivary gland damage scintigraphy findings. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bermúdez-Guzmán L, Blanco-Saborío A, Ramírez-Zamora J, Lovo E. The Time for Chronotherapy in Radiation Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687672. [PMID: 34046365 PMCID: PMC8144648 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five decades ago, Franz Halberg conceived the idea of a circadian-based therapy for cancer, given the differential tolerance to treatment derived from the intrinsic host rhythms. Nowadays, different experimental models have demonstrated that both the toxicity and efficacy of several anticancer drugs vary by more than 50% as a function of dosing time. Accordingly, it has been shown that chemotherapeutic regimens optimally timed with the circadian cycle have jointly improved patient outcomes both at the preclinical and clinical levels. Along with chemotherapy, radiation therapy is widely used for cancer treatment, but its effectiveness relies mainly on its ability to damage DNA. Notably, the DNA damage response including DNA repair, DNA damage checkpoints, and apoptosis is gated by the circadian clock. Thus, the therapeutic potential of circadian-based radiotherapy against cancer is mainly dependent upon the control that the molecular clock exerts on DNA repair enzymes across the cell cycle. Unfortunately, the time of treatment administration is not usually considered in clinical practice as it varies along the daytime working hours. Currently, only a few studies have evaluated whether the timing of radiotherapy affects the treatment outcome. Several of these studies show that it is possible to reduce the toxicity of the treatment if it is applied at a specific time range, although with some inconsistencies. In this Perspective, we review the main advances in the field of chronoradiotherapy, the possible causes of the inconsistencies observed in the studies so far and provide some recommendations for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Lovo
- International Cancer Center, Diagnostic Hospital, San Salvador, El Salvador
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Effect of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter Free beams on radiotherapy-induced peripheral blood cell damage. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Akomolafe IR, Chetty N. Radioprotective potential of <italic>Costus afer</italic> against the radiation-induced hematological and histopathological damage in mice. Radiat Oncol J 2021; 39:61-71. [PMID: 33794575 PMCID: PMC8024188 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2021.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the possible radioprotective effect of Costus afer extract (CAE) on hematological and histopathological parameters of mice. Materials and Methods Fifty-four male mice with mass between 37–43 g, 11–13 weeks old were used for this study. We divided the mice into six different groups containing nine animals, which were then further sub-divided into irradiated groups and un-irradiated groups. Animals received 250 mg/kg body weight extract of CAE by oral gavage for 6 days in addition to feeding and water ad libitum. Animals in the irradiated group were exposed to radiation at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Grey’s Hospital using a linear accelerator. Blood samples were collected at 48-hour post-irradiation for the hematology test followed by histopathology examination of kidney and liver. Results Our findings revealed that 3 Gy and 6 Gy dose of X-ray radiation caused a significant reduction in the white blood cell, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelet counts compared with the control group. However, the administration of CAE before irradiation significantly increased the mentioned parameters. There was no increase in red blood cell and monocyte among treated groups compared with the control. Histopathological changes in the kidney and liver sections revealed that no visible lesion in the pretreated mice. Hepatocytes seem to be within normal histological limits. Conclusions This study concludes that CAE offered some protection against radiation-induced hematological alterations, but there was no significant improvement in the histopathological parameters. Thus, further studies are needed to validate its radioprotective effect on histopathological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Richard Akomolafe
- Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Naven Chetty
- Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Aras S, Tanzer İO, Can Ü, Sümer E, Baydili KN. The role of melatonin on acute thyroid damage induced by high dose rate X-ray in head and neck radiotherapy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Motallebzadeh E, Tameh AA, Zavareh SAT, Farhood B, Aliasgharzedeh A, Mohseni M. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brainstem of rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8791-8798. [PMID: 32324264 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on irradiation-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brainstem region of Wistar rats. Therefore, the animals underwent whole-brain X-radiation with a single dose of 25 Gy in the presence or absence of melatonin pretreatment at a concentration of 100 mg/kg BW. The rats were allocated into four groups (10 rats in each group): namely, vehicle control (VC), 100 mg/kg of melatonin alone (MLT), irradiation-only (RAD), and irradiation plus 100 mg/kg of melatonin (RAM). An hour before irradiation, the animals received intraperitoneal (IP) melatonin and then were killed after 6 hr, followed by measurement of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the brainstem region. Furthermore, the western blot analysis technique was performed to assess the caspase-3 expression level. Results showed significantly higher MDA and NO levels in the brainstem tissues for the RAD group when compared with the VC group (p < .001). Moreover, the irradiated rats exhibited a significant decrease in the levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, and TAC (p < .01, p < .001, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively) in comparison to the VC group. The results of apoptosis assessment revealed that the expression level of caspase-3 significantly rose in the RAD group in comparison with the VC group (p < .001). Pretreatment with melatonin ameliorated the radiation-induced adverse effects by decreasing the MDA and NO levels (p < .001) and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (p < .001). Consequently, the caspase-3 protein expression level in the RAM group showed a significant reduction in comparison with the RAD group (p < .001). In conclusion, melatonin approximately showed a capacity for neuroprotective activity in managing irradiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brainstem of rats; however, the use of melatonin as a neuroprotective agent in humans requires further study, particularly clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Motallebzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzedeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Rakici SY, Tumkaya L, Edirvanli OC, Yazici U, Dursun E, Arpa M, Mercantepe T. Radioprotective effect of endogenous melatonin secretion associated with the circadian rhythm in irradiated rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1236-1241. [PMID: 31287351 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the radioprotective effect of endogenous melatonin release at different times associated with the circadian rhythm on head and neck radiotherapy. Materials and methods: Two groups of animals were subjected daily to 8 Gy single fraction radiotherapy in the head and neck region from 5:00 to 6:00 (the morning group) or from 19:00 to 20:00 (the evening group). Corresponding untreated groups served as controls. Submandibular glands from rats sacrificed on the seventh day after irradiation were assessed biochemically and histopathologically. Melatonin, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in blood collected immediately prior to irradiation were measured with rat-specific ELISA kits. Results: In irradiated rats, melatonin, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher in the evening group than in the morning group. In nonirradiated rats, melatonin and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher in the evening group than in the morning group. The areas of seromucous acinar cells were similar between the irradiated and nonirradiated evening groups, but the area was higher in the evening irradiated group than in the morning irradiated group. Conclusion: Consideration of endogenous melatonin secretion associated with the circadian rhythm may offer new therapeutic solutions for the complications of head and neck radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Yilmaz Rakici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | | | - Ufuk Yazici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Engin Dursun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Medeni Arpa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
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El-Gebaly RH, Rageh MM, Maamoun IK. Radio-protective potential of lipoic acid free and nano-capsule against 99mTc-MIBI induced injury in cardio vascular tissue. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 27:83-96. [PMID: 30507603 DOI: 10.3233/xst-180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPECT MPI (Single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging) is an essential tool for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, but it also involves considerable exposure to ionizing radiation. OBJECTIVE To determine the radioprotective potential of lipoic acid free and nano-capsule against 99mTc-MIBI-induced injury in cardiovascular tissue. METHODS The radioprotective ability was assessed by blood count, histopathology and heart enzymes in different groups of mice. Hearts of mice from all groups were dissected and prepared for oxidative stress analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, levels of DNA damage in heart and bone marrow cells were evaluated by alkaline comet assay technique. The same measurements were estimated after treating the mice with lipoic acid. RESULTS Comparing mice injected by radiopharmaceutics with control group showed a significant depression in the count of white blood cells (WBC) by about 40 % at 24 &72 hrs post-radiopharmaceutical administration. Moreover, platelets count was decreased by 27% at 72 hrs post-radiopharmaceutical administration. Radiation also dropped in super oxide dismutase (SOD) and increased in activity of heart enzymes and level of MDA (Malondialdehyde). Additionally, histopathological observation was characterized by focal necrosis of cardiac myocytes. 99mTc-MIBI induced DNA damage had significant increase. Nevertheless, pretreatment with free and lipoic acid nano-capsules (LANC's) prevented the reduction induced in WBCs and platelets, and improved their counts significantly. Conversely pre-treatment with lipoic acid free and nano-capsule significantly increased the activity of SOD and decreased the level of MDA and therefore protected the cardiovascular tissues and reduced DNA strand-break, consequently and enhanced the body weight of the mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the efficacy of lipoic acid free and nano-capsule as a radio protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem H El-Gebaly
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Monira M Rageh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam K Maamoun
- Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Golomb BA. Diplomats' Mystery Illness and Pulsed Radiofrequency/Microwave Radiation. Neural Comput 2018; 30:2882-2985. [PMID: 30183509 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Importance: A mystery illness striking U.S. and Canadian diplomats to Cuba (and now China) "has confounded the FBI, the State Department and US intelligence agencies" (Lederman, Weissenstein, & Lee, 2017). Sonic explanations for the so-called health attacks have long dominated media reports, propelled by peculiar sounds heard and auditory symptoms experienced. Sonic mediation was justly rejected by experts. We assessed whether pulsed radiofrequency/microwave radiation (RF/MW) exposure can accommodate reported facts in diplomats, including unusual ones. Observations: (1) Noises: Many diplomats heard chirping, ringing or grinding noises at night during episodes reportedly triggering health problems. Some reported that noises were localized with laser-like precision or said the sounds seemed to follow them (within the territory in which they were perceived). Pulsed RF/MW engenders just these apparent "sounds" via the Frey effect. Perceived "sounds" differ by head dimensions and pulse characteristics and can be perceived as located behind in or above the head. Ability to hear the "sounds" depends on high-frequency hearing and low ambient noise. (2) Signs/symptoms: Hearing loss and tinnitus are prominent in affected diplomats and in RF/MW-affected individuals. Each of the protean symptoms that diplomats report also affect persons reporting symptoms from RF/MW: sleep problems, headaches, and cognitive problems dominate in both groups. Sensations of pressure or vibration figure in each. Both encompass vision, balance, and speech problems and nosebleeds. Brain injury and brain swelling are reported in both. (3) Mechanisms: Oxidative stress provides a documented mechanism of RF/MW injury compatible with reported signs and symptoms; sequelae of endothelial dysfunction (yielding blood flow compromise), membrane damage, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, and autoimmune triggering afford downstream mechanisms, of varying persistence, that merit investigation. (4) Of note, microwaving of the U.S. embassy in Moscow is historically documented. Conclusions and relevance: Reported facts appear consistent with pulsed RF/MW as the source of injury in affected diplomats. Nondiplomats citing symptoms from RF/MW, often with an inciting pulsed-RF/MW exposure, report compatible health conditions. Under the RF/MW hypothesis, lessons learned for diplomats and for RF/MW-affected civilians may each aid the other.
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Melanin nanoparticles: Antioxidant activities and effects on γ-ray-induced DNA damage in the mouse. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 828:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Griffin F, Marignol L. Therapeutic potential of melatonin for breast cancer radiation therapy patients. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [PMID: 29521142 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1446227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous hormone primarily known for its action on the circadian rhythms. But pre-clinical studies are reporting both its radioprotective and radiosensitizing properties, possibly mediated through an interaction between melatonin and the regulation of estrogens. Melatonin pre-treatment prior to ionizing radiation was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in p53 mRNA expression, leading to an increase in the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. At the same time, a decrease in radiation-induced side effects was described in breast cancer patients and in rodent models. This review examines the potential for melatonin to improve the therapeutic outcomes of breast radiation therapy, specifically estrogen receptor positive patients. Evidence suggests that melatonin may offer a novel, non-toxic and cheap adjuvant therapy to improve the existing treatment modalities. But further research is required in the clinical setting before a clear understanding of its therapeutic benefits is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Griffin
- a Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation therapy , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- a Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation therapy , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Arıcıgil M, Dündar MA, Yücel A, Eryılmaz MA, Aktan M, Alan MA, Fındık S, Kılınç İ. Melatonin prevents possible radiotherapy-induced thyroid injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1350-1356. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1397296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitat Arıcıgil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Dündar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abitter Yücel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Horasan State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Eryılmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meryem Aktan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Alan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sıdıka Fındık
- Department of Pathology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kılınç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Melatonin enhances the developmental competence of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by preventing DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11114. [PMID: 28894150 PMCID: PMC5593819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has antioxidant and scavenger effects in the cellular antioxidant system. This research investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of melatonin action in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The results suggested that the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos was considerably enhanced after melatonin treatment. In addition, melatonin attenuated the increase in reactive oxygen species levels induced by oxidative stress, the decrease in glutathione levels, and the mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, melatonin inhibited phospho-histone H2A.X (γH2A.X) expression and comet tail formation, suggesting that γH2A.X prevents oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. The expression of genes involved in homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining pathways for the repair of double-stranded breaks (DSB) was reduced upon melatonin treatment in porcine SCNT embryos at day 5 of development under oxidative stress condition. These results indicated that melatonin promoted porcine SCNT embryo development by preventing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage via quenching of free radical formation. Our results revealed a previously unrecognized regulatory effect of melatonin in response to oxidative stress and DNA damage. This evidence provides a novel mechanism for the improvement in SCNT embryo development associated with exposure to melatonin.
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Najafi M, Shirazi A, Motevaseli E, Rezaeyan AH, Salajegheh A, Rezapoor S. Melatonin as an anti-inflammatory agent in radiotherapy. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:403-413. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Najafi M, Shirazi A, Motevaseli E, Geraily G, Norouzi F, Heidari M, Rezapoor S. The melatonin immunomodulatory actions in radiotherapy. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:139-148. [PMID: 28510090 PMCID: PMC5425818 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has a key role in cancer treatment in more than half of patients with cancer. The management of severe side effects of this treatment modality is a limiting factor to appropriate treatment. Immune system responses play a pivotal role in many of the early and late side effects of radiation. Moreover, immune cells have a significant role in tumor response to radiotherapy, such as angiogenesis and tumor growth. Melatonin as a potent antioxidant has shown appropriate immune regulatory properties that may ameliorate toxicity induced by radiation in various organs. These effects are mediated through various modulatory effects of melatonin in different levels of tissue reaction to ionizing radiation. The effects on the DNA repair system, antioxidant enzymes, immune cells, cytokines secretion, transcription factors, and protein kinases are most important. Moreover, anti-cancer properties of melatonin may increase the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. Clinical applications of this agent for the management of malignancies such as breast cancer have shown promising results. It seems anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenesis, and stimulation or suppression of some immune cell responses are the main anti-tumor effects of melatonin that may help to improve response of the tumor to radiotherapy. In this review, the effects of melatonin on the modulation of immune responses in both normal and tumor tissues will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Najafi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - E Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gh Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Norouzi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Heidari
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Valizadeh M, Shirazi A, Izadi P, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J, Rezaeejam H. Expression Levels of Two DNA Repair-related Genes under 8 Gy Ionizing Radiation and 100 Mg/Kg Melatonin Delivery In Rat Peripheral Blood. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:27-36. [PMID: 28451577 PMCID: PMC5401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After radiation therapy (RT), some health hazards including DNA damages may occur where melatonin can play a protective role due to free radical generation. On the other hand, serious accidental overexposures may occur during RT due to nuclear accidents which necessitate the need for study on exposure to high-dose radiations during treatments. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study the expression level of two genes in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways named Xrcc4 and Xrcc6 (Ku70) in order to examine the effect of melatonin on repair of DNA double-strand breaks (BSBs) caused by 8Gy ionizing radiation. METHODS One hundred eight male Wistar rats were irradiated with a whole body gamma radiation dose of 8Gy with or without melatonin pretreatments. They were divided into six different groups of control, 100 mg/kg melatonin alone, 8Gy irradiation alone, vehicle alone, vehicle plus 8Gy irradiation and 100 mg/kg melatonin plus 8Gy irradiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 8, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. Ku70 and Xrcc4 gene expression were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS Expression of Ku70 and Xrcc4 genes normalized against Hprt gene showed significant difference in melatonin plus irradiation group at 8h compared to the control group (p<0.05). At 24h post irradiation, gene expression changes were significantly upregulated in irradiation-alone group as well as melatonin plus irradiation group (p<0.05). No significant change was found in any groups compared to control group at 48 h time point. CONCLUSION We concluded that, by increasing expression level of Ku70 and Xrcc4 genes, 100 mg/kg melatonin administration 8 and 24 h before 8 Gyionizing radiation can significantly affect the repair of DNA DSBs in NHEJ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P. Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Rezaeejam
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical School, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Li D, Tian Z, Tang W, Zhang J, Lu L, Sun Z, Zhou Z, Fan F. The Protective Effects of 5-Methoxytryptamine-α-lipoic Acid on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060935. [PMID: 27314327 PMCID: PMC4926468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are prospective radioprotectors because of their ability to scavenge radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hematopoietic system is widely studied in radiation research because of its high radiosensitivity. In the present study, we describe the beneficial effects of 5-methoxytryptamine-α-lipoic acid (MLA), which was synthesized from melatonin and α-lipoic acid, against radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. MLA administration significantly enhanced the survival rate of mice after 7.2 Gy total body irradiation. The results showed that MLA not only markedly increased the numbers and clonogenic potential of hematopoietic cells but also decreased DNA damage, as determined by flow cytometric analysis of histone H2AX phosphorylation. In addition, MLA decreased the levels of ROS in hematopoietic cells by inhibiting NOX4 expression. These data demonstrate that MLA prevents radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome by increasing the number and function of and by inhibiting DNA damage and ROS production in hematopoietic cells. These data suggest MLA is beneficial for the protection of radiation injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Zhenyuan Tian
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Weisheng Tang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junling Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Zhaojin Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Feiyue Fan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China.
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20
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Rostami A, Moosavi SA, Dianat Moghadam H, Bolookat ER. Micronuclei Assessment of The Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin and Vitamin C in Human Lymphocytes. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:46-51. [PMID: 27054118 PMCID: PMC4819385 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Critical macromolecules such as DNA maybe damaged by free radicals that
are generated from the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological systems. Melatonin
and vitamin C have been shown to be direct free radical scavengers. The aim of this study
was to investigate the in vivo/in vitro radioprotective effects of melatonin and vitamin C
separately and combined against genotoxicity induced by 6 MV x-ray irradiation in human
cultured blood lymphocytes.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, fifteen volunteers were divided into
three groups of melatonin, vitamin C and melatonin plus vitamin C treatment. Peripheral
blood samples were collected from each group before, and 1, 2 and 3 hours after melatonin and vitamin C administration (separately and combined). The blood samples were
then irradiated with 200 cGy of 6 MV x-ray. In order to characterize chromosomal aberrations, the lymphocyte samples were cultured with mitogenic stimulus on cytokinesisblocked binucleated cells.
Results The samples collected 1hour after melatonin and vitamin C (separately and
combined) ingestion exhibited a significant decrease in the incidence of micronuclei compared with their control group (P<0.05). The maximum synergic protection and reduction
in frequency of micronuclei (57%) was observed 1 hour after vitamin C and melatonin
administration combined.
Conclusion We conclude that simultaneous administration of melatonin and vitamin C
as radioprotector substances before irradiation may reduce genotoxicity caused by x-ray
irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Rostami
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Akbar Moosavi
- Department of Lab Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eftekhar Rajab Bolookat
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital of Shohada Tajrish, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kamran MZ, Ranjan A, Kaur N, Sur S, Tandon V. Radioprotective Agents: Strategies and Translational Advances. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:461-93. [PMID: 26807693 DOI: 10.1002/med.21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Radioprotectors are agents required to protect biological system exposed to radiation, either naturally or through radiation leakage, and they protect normal cells from radiation injury in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. It is imperative to study radioprotectors and their mechanism of action comprehensively, looking at their potential therapeutic applications. This review intimately chronicles the rich intellectual, pharmacological story of natural and synthetic radioprotectors. A continuous effort is going on by researchers to develop clinically promising radioprotective agents. In this article, for the first time we have discussed the impact of radioprotectors on different signaling pathways in cells, which will create a basis for scientific community working in this area to develop novel molecules with better therapeutic efficacy. The bright future of exceptionally noncytotoxic derivatives of bisbenzimidazoles is also described as radiomodulators. Amifostine, an effective radioprotectant, has been approved by the FDA for limited clinical use. However, due to its adverse side effects, it is not routinely used clinically. Recently, CBLB502 and several analog of a peptide are under clinical trial and showed high success against radiotherapy in cancer. This article reviews the different types of radioprotective agents with emphasis on the strategies for the development of novel radioprotectors for drug development. In addition, direction for future strategies relevant to the development of radioprotectors is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahid Kamran
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Atul Ranjan
- Kansas University of Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Navrinder Kaur
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Souvik Sur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Chung DM, Nasir Uddin SM, Kim JH, Kim JK. [6]-Gingerol prevents gamma radiation-induced cell damage in HepG2 cells. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Consequences of lethal-whole-body gamma radiation and possible ameliorative role of melatonin. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:621570. [PMID: 25431791 PMCID: PMC4238234 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma radiation induces the generation of free radicals, leading to serious cellular damages in biological systems. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the deleterious effects of radiation. Melatonin synergistically acts as an immune-stimulator and antioxidant. We investigated the possible radioprotective role of melatonin (100 mg/kg i.p.) against lethal-whole-body radiation- (10 Gy) induced sickness, body weight loss, and mortality in rats. Results of the present study suggest that exposure to lethal-whole-body radiation incurred mortality, body weight loss, and apoptosis and it also depleted the immunity and the antioxidant status of the rats. Our results show that melatonin pretreatment provides protection against radiation induced mortality, oxidative stress, and immune-suppression. The melatonin pretreated irradiated rats showed less change in body weight as compared to radiation only group. On the other hand, melatonin appeared to have another radioprotective role, suggesting that melatonin may reduce apoptosis through a caspase-3-mediated pathway by blocking caspase-3 activity.
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Melanin Nanoparticles (MNPs) provide protection against whole-body ɣ-irradiation in mice via restoration of hematopoietic tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:59-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mihandoost E, Shirazi A, Mahdavi SR, Aliasgharzadeh A. Can melatonin help us in radiation oncology treatments? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:578137. [PMID: 24900972 PMCID: PMC4037598 DOI: 10.1155/2014/578137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, radiotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment regimen in various malignancies for curative or palliative purposes. Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals, which attack various cellular components. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Melatonin has been shown to be both a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity. In addition to its antioxidant property, there have also been reports implicating antiapoptotic function for melatonin in normal cells. Furthermore, through its antitumor and radiosensitizing properties, treatment with melatonin may prevent tumor progression. Therefore, addition of melatonin to radiation therapy could lower the damage inflicted to the normal tissue, leading to a more efficient tumor control by use of higher doses of irradiation during radiotherapy. Thus, it seems that, in the future, melatonin may improve the therapeutic gain in radiation oncology treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mihandoost
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Poursina Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied Rabie Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Ran Y, Wang R, Lin F, Hasan M, Jia Q, Tang B, Xia Y, Shan S, Wang X, Li Q, Deng Y, Qing H. Radioprotective effects of Dragon's blood and its extract against gamma irradiation in mouse bone marrow cells. Phys Med 2013; 30:427-31. [PMID: 24360838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The radioprotective effects of Dragon's blood (DB) and its extracts (DBE) were investigated using the chromosomal aberrant test, micronucleus and oxidative stress assay for anti-clastogenic and anti-oxidative activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult BALB/C mice were exposed to the whole body irradiation with 4 Gy (60)Co γ-rays. DB and DBE were administered orally once a day from 5 days prior to irradiation treatment to 1 day after irradiation. The mice were sacrificed on 24 h after irradiation. The cells of bone marrow were measured by counting different types of chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of micronuclei. Oxidative stress response was carried out by analysis of serum from blood. RESULTS DB and DBE significantly decreased the number of bone marrow cells with chromosome aberrations after irradiation with respect to irradiated alone group. The administration of DB and DBE also significantly reduced the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCE) and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MNCE). In addition, DB and DBE markedly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of antioxidant molecular. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in serum were significantly reduced by DB and DBE treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that DB and DBE have potential radioprotective properties in mouse bone marrow after (60)Co γ-ray exposure, which support their candidature as a potential radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ran
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fankai Lin
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiutian Jia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Shan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Shirazi A, Mihandoost E, Mahdavi SR, Mohseni M. Radio-protective role of antioxidant agents. Oncol Rev 2012; 6:e16. [PMID: 25992214 PMCID: PMC4419622 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2012.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which attack various cellular components. Radio-protectors act as prophylactic agents to shield healthy cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Past research on synthetic radio-protectors has brought little success, primarily due to the various toxicity-related problems. Results of experimental research show that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and herbal products and melatonin, are protective against the damaging effects of radiation, with less toxicity and side effects. Therefore, we propose that in the future, antioxidant radio-protective agents may improve the therapeutic index in radiation oncology treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Ehsan Mihandoost
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
| | - Seied Rabie Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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28
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Melatonin Antioxidative Defense: Therapeutical Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Processes. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:267-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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