1
|
Jiang M, Zhou C, Wang S, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang L, Pan X. Identification of a Tetrahymena species infecting guppies, pathology, and expression of beta-tubulin during infection. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:104. [PMID: 38240890 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahymenosis is caused by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena and is responsible for serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. However, information regarding the molecular mechanism leading to tetrahymenosis is limited. In previous transcriptome sequencing work, it was found that one of the two β-tubulin genes in T. pyriformis was significantly expressed in infected fish, we speculated that β-tubulin is involved in T. pyriformis infecting fish. Herein, the potential biological function of the β-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena species when establishing infection in guppies was investigated by cloning the full-length cDNA of this T. pyriformis β-tubulin (BTU1) gene. The full-length cDNA of T. pyriformis BTU1 gene was 1873 bp, and the ORF occupied 1134 bp, whereas 5' UTR 434 bp, and 3' UTR 305 bp whose poly (A) tail contained 12 bases. The predicted protein encoded by T. pyriformis BTU1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 42.26 kDa and pI of 4.48. Moreover, secondary structure analysis and tertiary structure prediction of BTU1 protein were also conducted. In addition, morphology, infraciliature, phylogeny, and histopathology of T. pyriformis isolated from guppies from a fish market in Harbin were also investigated. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis and experimental infection assays indicated that the expression of BTU1 gene resulted in efficient cell proliferation during infection. Collectively, our data revealed that BTU1 is a key gene involved in T. pyriformis infection in guppies, and the findings discussed herein provide valuable insights for future studies on tetrahymenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jiang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shuixian Zhang
- Panzhou No.4 Primary School, Panzhou, 553599, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xuming Pan
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poláková K, Bourland WA, Čepička I. Anaerocyclidiidae fam. nov. (Oligohymenophorea, Scuticociliatia): A newly recognized major lineage of anaerobic ciliates hosting prokaryotic symbionts. Eur J Protistol 2023; 90:126009. [PMID: 37562169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The research on anaerobic ciliates, to date, has mainly been focused on representatives of obligately anaerobic classes such as Armophorea or Plagiopylea. In this study, we focus on the anaerobic representatives of the subclass Scuticociliatia, members of the class Oligohymenophorea, which is mainly composed of aerobic ciliates. Until now, only a single anaerobic species, Cyclidium porcatum (here transferred to the genus Anaerocyclidium gen. nov.), has been described both molecularly and morphologically. Our broad sampling of anoxic sediments together with cultivation and single cell sequencing approaches have shown that scuticociliates are common and diversified in anoxic environments. Our results show that anaerobic scuticociliates represent a distinctive evolutionary lineage not closely related to the family Cyclidiidae (order Pleuronematida), as previously suggested. However, the phylogenetic position of the newly recognized lineage within the subclass Scuticociliatia remains unresolved. Based on molecular and morphological data, we establish the family Anaerocyclidiidae fam. nov. to accommodate members of this clade. We further provide detailed morphological descriptions and 18S rRNA gene sequences for six new Anaerocyclidium species and significantly broaden the described diversity of anaerobic scuticociliates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Poláková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - William A Bourland
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Čepička
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dirren-Pitsch G, Bühler D, Salcher MM, Bassin B, Le Moigne A, Schuler M, Pernthaler J, Posch T. FISHing for ciliates: Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of planktonic freshwater ciliates. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1070232. [PMID: 36578568 PMCID: PMC9790926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktonic ciliate species form multiple trophic guilds and are central components of freshwater food webs. Progress in molecular analytical tools has opened new insight into ciliate assemblages. However, high and variable 18S rDNA copy numbers, typical for ciliates, make reliable quantification by amplicon sequencing extremely difficult. For an exact determination of abundances, the classical morphology-based quantitative protargol staining is still the method of choice. Morphotype analyses, however, are time consuming and need specific taxonomic expertise. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) may represent a promising tool for the analysis of planktonic ciliates by combining molecular identification with microscopic quantification. We tested the applicability of CARD-FISH using nine cultured ciliate species. Eight species- and three genus-specific oligonucleotide probes were designed based on their 18S rRNA genes. The CARD-FISH protocol was adapted and the specificity of probes was established. We subsequently examined the precision of quantitation by CARD-FISH on single cultures and mock assemblages. Successful tests on lake water samples proved that planktonic ciliates could be identified and quantified in field samples by CARD-FISH. Double hybridizations allowed studying interspecific predator prey interactions between two ciliate species. In summary, we demonstrate that CARD-FISH with species-specific probes can facilitate studies on the population dynamics of closely related, small sized or cryptic species at high sampling frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Dirren-Pitsch
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Gianna Dirren-Pitsch,
| | - Dominique Bühler
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Michaela M. Salcher
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budĕjovice, Czechia
| | - Barbara Bassin
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Alizée Le Moigne
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Martina Schuler
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Pernthaler
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Posch
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hao T, Song Y, Li B, Pan X. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three freshwater scuticociliates, with establishments of one new genus and three new species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). Eur J Protistol 2022; 86:125918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
5
|
Study on Analysis of Several Molecular Identification Methods for Ciliates of Colpodea (Protista, Ciliophora). Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4017442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of molecular techniques to accurately identify protozoan species can correct previous misidentifications based on traditional morphological identification. Colpodea ciliates have many toxicological and cytological applications, but their subtle morphological differences and small body size hinder species delineation. Herein, we used Cox I and β-tubulin genes, alongside fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), to evaluate each method in delineating Colpodea species. For this analysis, Colpoda harbinensis n. sp., C. reniformis, two populations of C. inflata, Colpoda compare grandis, and five populations of Paracolpoda steinii, from the soil in northeastern China, were used. We determined that (1) the Cox I gene was more suitable than the β-tubulin gene as a molecular marker for defining intra- and interspecific level relationships of Colpoda. (2) FISH probes designed for Colpoda sp., C. inflata, Colpoda compare grandis, and Paracolpoda steinii, provided rapid interspecific differentiation of Colpodea species. (3) Colpoda harbinensis n. sp. was established and mainly characterized by its size in vivo (approximately
), a reniform body in outline, one macronucleus, its spherical shape, a sometimes nonexistent micronucleus, 11–15 somatic kineties, and five or six postoral kineties. In conclusion, combining oligonucleotide probes, DNA barcoding, and morphology for the first time, we have greatly improved the delineation of Colpodea and confirmed that Cox I gene was a promising DNA barcoding marker for species of Colpodea, and FISH could provide useful morphological information as complementing traditional techniques such as silver carbonate.
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang YX, Wang S, Gao YQ, Chen JH, Wang XL, Li RJ. Comparison of mitochondrial genome and development of specific PCR primers for identifying two scuticociliates, Pseudocohnilembus persalinus and Uronema marinum. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:318. [PMID: 34112204 PMCID: PMC8193900 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudocohnilembus persalinus and Uronema marinum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), as parasitic scuticociliatid ciliates, were isolated from Scophthalmus maximus and Takifugu rubripes, respectively, in our previous studies. These ciliates are morphologically very similar; hence, it is difficult to identify specific scuticociliate species using traditional classification methods for performing taxonomic research and disease control studies. Methods We annotated the mitochondrial genomes of these two scuticociliates on the basis of previous sequencing, including analyses of nucleotide composition, codon usage, Ka/Ks, and p-distance. We also compared the nucleotide and amino acid similarity of the mitochondrial genomes of P. persalinus, U. marinum, and other 12 related ciliates, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using 16 common genes. We chose the nad4 and nad7 genes to design specific PCR primers for identification. Results P. persalinus and U. marinum were found to have a close evolutionary relationship. Although codon preferences were similar, differences were observed in the usage of codons such as CGA, CGC, and GTC. Both Ka/Ks and p-distance were less than 1. Except for yejR, ymf57, ymf67, and ymf75, the amino acid sequence similarity between P. persalinus and U. marinum was greater than 50%. Conclusions The mitochondrial genomes of P. persalinus and U. marinum were thoroughly compared to provide a reference for disease prevention and control. The specific PCR primers enabled us to identify P. persalinus and U. marinum rapidly and accurately at the molecular level, thus providing a basis for classification and identification. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04821-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qi Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Hu Chen
- Science Corporation of Gene, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jun Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Piwosz K, Mukherjee I, Salcher MM, Grujčić V, Šimek K. CARD-FISH in the Sequencing Era: Opening a New Universe of Protistan Ecology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:640066. [PMID: 33746931 PMCID: PMC7970053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.640066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagotrophic protists are key players in aquatic food webs. Although sequencing-based studies have revealed their enormous diversity, ecological information on in situ abundance, feeding modes, grazing preferences, and growth rates of specific lineages can be reliably obtained only using microscopy-based molecular methods, such as Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH). CARD-FISH is commonly applied to study prokaryotes, but less so to microbial eukaryotes. Application of this technique revealed that Paraphysomonas or Spumella-like chrysophytes, considered to be among the most prominent members of protistan communities in pelagic environments, are omnipresent but actually less abundant than expected, in contrast to little known groups such as heterotrophic cryptophyte lineages (e.g., CRY1), cercozoans, katablepharids, or the MAST lineages. Combination of CARD-FISH with tracer techniques and application of double CARD-FISH allow visualization of food vacuole contents of specific flagellate groups, thus considerably challenging our current, simplistic view that they are predominantly bacterivores. Experimental manipulations with natural communities revealed that larger flagellates are actually omnivores ingesting both prokaryotes and other protists. These new findings justify our proposition of an updated model of microbial food webs in pelagic environments, reflecting more authentically the complex trophic interactions and specific roles of flagellated protists, with inclusion of at least two additional trophic levels in the nanoplankton size fraction. Moreover, we provide a detailed CARD-FISH protocol for protists, exemplified on mixo- and heterotrophic nanoplanktonic flagellates, together with tips on probe design, a troubleshooting guide addressing most frequent obstacles, and an exhaustive list of published probes targeting protists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Piwosz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland
- Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Indranil Mukherjee
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Michaela M. Salcher
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Vesna Grujčić
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karel Šimek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abraham JS, Sripoorna S, Maurya S, Makhija S, Gupta R, Toteja R. Techniques and tools for species identification in ciliates: a review. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:877-894. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are highly divergent unicellular eukaryotic organisms with nuclear dualism and a highly specialized ciliary pattern. They inhabit all biotopes and play crucial roles in regulating microbial food webs as they prey on bacteria, protists and even on microscopic animals. Nevertheless, subtle morphological differences and tiny sizes hinder proper species identification for many ciliates. In the present review, an attempt has been made to elaborate the various approaches used by modern day ciliate taxonomists for species identification. The different approaches involved in taxonomic characterization of ciliates such as classical (using live-cell observations, staining techniques, etc.), molecular (involving various marker genes) and statistical (delimitation of cryptic species) methods have been reviewed. Ecological and behavioural aspects in species identification have also been discussed. In present-day taxonomy, it is important to use a ‘total evidence’ approach in identifying ciliates, relying on both classical and molecular information whenever possible. This integrative approach will help in the mergence of classical methods with modern-day tools for comprehensive species description in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeva Susan Abraham
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - S. Sripoorna
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Swati Maurya
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Seema Makhija
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Bapu dham, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ravi Toteja
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pseudocohnilembus persalinus genome database - the first genome database of facultative scuticociliatosis pathogens. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:676. [PMID: 30217145 PMCID: PMC6137885 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, a unicellular ciliated protozoan, is one of commonest facultative pathogens. We sequenced the macronuclear genome of P. persalinus in 2015, which provided new insights into its pathogenicity. Results Here, we present the P. persalinus genome database (PPGD) (http://ciliates.ihb.ac.cn/database/home/#pp), the first genome database for the scuticociliatosis pathogens. PPGD integrates P. persalinus macronuclear genomic and transcriptomic data, including genome sequence, transcript, gene expression data, and gene annotation, as well as relevant information on its biology, morphology and taxonomy. The database also provides functions for visualizing, analyzing, and downloading the data. Conclusion PPGD is a useful resource for studying scuticociliates or scuticociliatosis. We will continue to update the PPGD by integrating more data and aim to integrate the PPGD with other ciliate databases to build a comprehensive ciliate genome database.
Collapse
|
10
|
Forster D, Filker S, Kochems R, Breiner HW, Cordier T, Pawlowski J, Stoeck T. A Comparison of Different Ciliate Metabarcode Genes as Bioindicators for Environmental Impact Assessments of Salmon Aquaculture. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:294-308. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Forster
- Ecology Group; University of Technology Kaiserslautern; D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Sabine Filker
- Molecular Ecology; University of Technology Kaiserslautern; D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Rebecca Kochems
- Ecology Group; University of Technology Kaiserslautern; D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Breiner
- Ecology Group; University of Technology Kaiserslautern; D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Tristan Cordier
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; University of Geneva; 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jan Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; University of Geneva; 1211 Geneva Switzerland
- ID-Gene ecodiagnostics Ltd.; Campus Biotech Innovation Park 1202 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Ecology Group; University of Technology Kaiserslautern; D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhan Z, Li J, Xu K. Detection and Quantification of Two Parasitic CiliatesBoveria labialisandBoveria subcylindrica(Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 65:440-447. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhan
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater from table olive processing: Process performance and protist population under different operating conditions. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Bastos Gomes G, Jerry DR, Miller TL, Hutson KS. Current status of parasitic ciliates Chilodonella spp. (Phyllopharyngea: Chilodonellidae) in freshwater fish aquaculture. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:703-715. [PMID: 27474174 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fish farming contributes to more than two-thirds of global aquaculture production. Parasitic ciliates are one of the largest causes of production loss in freshwater farmed fishes, with species from the genus Chilodonella being particularly problematic. While Chilodonella spp. include 'free-living' fauna, some species are involved in mortality events of fish, particularly in high-density aquaculture. Indeed, chilodonellosis causes major productivity losses in over 16 species of farmed freshwater fishes in more than 14 countries. Traditionally, Chilodonella species are identified based on morphological features; however, the genus comprises yet uncharacterized cryptic species, which indicates the necessity for molecular diagnostic methods. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, ecology and geographic distribution of harmful Chilodonella spp. and examines pathological signs, diagnostic methods and treatments. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics and the ability to culture Chilodonella spp. in vitro will enable the development of preventative management practices and sustained freshwater fish aquaculture production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bastos Gomes
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Sciences, College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - D R Jerry
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Sciences, College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - T L Miller
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Sciences, College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K S Hutson
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Sciences, College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim JH, Jeong HJ, Lim AS, Kwon JE, Lee KH, Park KH, Kim HS. Removal of two pathogenic scuticociliates Miamiensis avidus and Miamiensis sp. using cells or culture filtrates of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium andersonii. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 63:133-145. [PMID: 28366388 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scuticociliatosis, which is caused by parasitic protistan pathogens known as scuticociliates, is one of the most serious diseases in marine aquaculture worldwide. Thus, elimination of these ciliates is a primary concern for scientists and managers in the aquaculture industry. To date, formalin and other toxic chemicals have been used as anti-scuticociliate agents, but issues regarding their secondary effects often arise. Consequently, development of safer methods is necessary. To find out a safe method of controlling scuticociliate populations in aqua-tanks or small-scale natural environments, cultures of 14 phototrophic dinoflagellates were tested to determine whether they were able to control populations of the common scuticociliates Miamiensis avidus and Miamiensis sp. isolated from Korean waters. Among the dinoflagellates tested, both cells and culture filtrates of Alexandrium andersonii effectively killed M. avidus and Miamiensis sp. The minimal concentration of cells and equivalent culture filtrates of A. andersonii to kill all M. avidus cells within 48h of incubation was ca. 2500 and 4500 cells ml-1, respectively; whereas those needed to kill all Miamiensis sp. cells were ca. 1000 and 4500 cells ml-1, respectively. It was estimated that 1m3 of the stock culture containing 20,000A. andersonii cells ml-1 could eliminate all M. avidus cells in 7m3 of waters within the aqua-tanks on land and all Miamiensis sp. cells in 19m3 of waters within 48h. None of the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii incubated with concentrations of 50-4500A. andersonii cells ml-1 for 24h was dead. Furthermore, none of the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus juveniles incubated with a mean concentration of ca. 2280A. andersonii cells ml-1 for 96h was dead. Therefore, A. andersonii cultures may be used as a safe biological method for controlling populations of scuticociliates and can replace toxic formalin. The results of this study provided the basis for developing the method to control scuticociliate populations and understanding interactions between scuticociliates and phototrophic dinoflagellates in marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - An Suk Lim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Ha Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seop Kim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pan X, Liang C, Wang C, Warren A, Mu W, Chen H, Yu L, Chen Y. One freshwater species of the genus Cyclidium, Cyclidiumsinicum spec. nov. (Protozoa; Ciliophora), with an improved diagnosis of the genus Cyclidium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 67:557-564. [PMID: 27902323 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and infraciliature of one freshwater ciliate, Cyclidium sinicum spec. nov., isolated from a farmland pond in Harbin, northeastern China, was investigated using living observation and silver staining methods. Cyclidium sinicum spec. nov. could be distinguished by the following features: body approximately 20-25×10-15 µm in vivo; buccal field about 45-50 % of body length; 11 somatic kineties; somatic kinety n terminating sub-caudally; two macronuclei and one micronucleus; M1 almost as long as M2; M2 triangle-shaped. The genus Cyclidium is re-defined as follows: body outline usually oval or elliptical, ventral side concave, dorsal side convex; single caudal cilium; contractile vacuole posterior terminal; adoral membranelles usually not separated; paroral membrane 'L'-shaped, with anterior end terminating at the level of anterior end of M1; somatic kineties longitudinally arranged and continuous. Phylogenetic trees based on the SSU rDNA sequences showed that C. sinicum spec. nov. clusters with the type species, Cyclidiumglaucoma, with full support. Cyclidium is not monophyletic with members of the clade of Cyclidium+Protocyclidium+Ancistrum+Boveria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Chengdong Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Weijie Mu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Lijie Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Phylogenomic analyses reveal subclass Scuticociliatia as the sister group of subclass Hymenostomatia within class Oligohymenophorea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 90:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|