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Sikora K, Jędrzejczak J, Bauer M, Neubauer D, Jaśkiewicz M, Szaryńska M. Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Cationic Lipopeptides with Lysine Residues - Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Activities. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1465-1483. [PMID: 37770629 PMCID: PMC10687119 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort cationic lipopeptides (USCLs) and quaternary ammonium salts constitute two groups of cationic surfactants with high antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the influence of quaternization of the amino group of the lysine side chain in USCLs on their antimicrobial, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. To do this, two series of lipopeptides were synthesized, USLCs and their quaternized analogues containing trimethylated lysine residues - qUSCLs (quaternized ultrashort cationic lipopeptides). Quaternization was performed on a resin during a standard solid-phase peptide synthesis with CH3I as the methylating agent. According to our knowledge, this is the first study presenting on-resin peptide quaternization. The lipopeptides were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes) bacteria and Candida glabrata yeast-like fungus. Most of the compounds proved to be active antimicrobial agents with enhanced activity against Gram-positive strains and fungi and a lower against Gram-negative species. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides was increasing with an increase in hydrophobicity but qUSCLs exhibited usually a poorer antimicrobial activity than their parent molecules. Furthermore, the toxicity against red blood cells and human keratinocytes was assessed. It's worth emphasizing that qUSCLs were less toxic than the parent molecules of comparative hydrophobicity. The results of the study proved that qUSCLs can offer a higher selectivity to pathogens over human cells than that of USCLs. Last but not least, quaternization of the peptides could increase their solubility and therefore their bioavailability and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Sikora
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jakub Jędrzejczak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- International Research Agenda 3P- Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, Building no. 5, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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Gene-Delivery Ability of New Hydrogenated and Partially Fluorinated Gemini bispyridinium Surfactants with Six Methylene Spacers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063062. [PMID: 35328483 PMCID: PMC8949414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic emergency determined by the spreading worldwide of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has focused the scientific and economic efforts of the pharmaceutical industry and governments on the possibility to fight the virus by genetic immunization. The genetic material must be delivered inside the cells by means of vectors. Due to the risk of adverse or immunogenic reaction or replication connected with the more efficient viral vectors, non-viral vectors are in many cases considered as a preferred strategy for gene delivery into eukaryotic cells. This paper is devoted to the evaluation of the gene delivery ability of new synthesized gemini bis-pyridinium surfactants with six methylene spacers, both hydrogenated and fluorinated, in comparison with compounds with spacers of different lengths, previously studied. Results from MTT proliferation assay, electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), transient transfection assay tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging confirm that pyridinium gemini surfactants could be a valuable tool for gene delivery purposes, but their performance is highly dependent on the spacer length and strictly related to their structure in solution. All the fluorinated compounds are unable to transfect RD-4 cells, if used alone, but they are all able to deliver a plasmid carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression cassette, when co-formulated with 1,2-dioleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in a 1:2 ratio. The fluorinated compounds with spacers formed by six (FGP6) and eight carbon atoms (FGP8) give rise to a very interesting gene delivery activity, greater to that of the commercial reagent, when formulated with DOPE. The hydrogenated compound GP16_6 is unable to sufficiently compact the DNA, as shown by AFM images.
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Denieva ZG, Budanova UA, Sebyakin YL. Irregular cationic lipotetrapeptides for pharmaceutical multifunctional transport systems. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effective cytocompatible nanovectors based on serine-derived gemini surfactants and monoolein for small interfering RNA delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:34-44. [PMID: 33039681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene therapy based on gene silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) has attracted great interest over recent years. Among various types of cationic complexation agents, amino acid-based surfactants have been recently explored for nucleic acid delivery due to their low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Monoolein (MO), in turn, has been used as helper lipid in liposomal systems due to its ability to form inverted nonbilayer structures that enhance fusogenicity, thus contributing to higher transfection efficiency. In this work, we focused on the development of nanovectors for siRNA delivery based on three gemini amino acid-based surfactants derived from serine - (12Ser)2N12, amine derivative; (12Ser)2COO12, ester derivative; and (12Ser)2CON12, amide derivative - individually combined with MO as helper lipid. The inclusion of MO in the cationic surfactant system influences the morphology and size of the mixed aggregates. Furthermore, the gemini surfactant:MO systems showed the ability to efficiently complex siRNA, forming stable lipoplexes, in some cases clearly depending on the MO content, without inducing significant levels of cytotoxicity. High levels of gene silencing were achieved in comparison with a commercially available standard indicating that these gemini:MO systems are promising candidates as lipofection vectors for RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies.
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Henderson RDE, Filice CT, Wettig S, Leonenko Z. Kelvin probe force microscopy to study electrostatic interactions of DNA with lipid-gemini surfactant monolayers for gene delivery. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:826-833. [PMID: 33346309 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01926g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In novel gene therapy mechanisms utilising gemini surfactants, electrostatic interactions of the surfactant molecules with the DNA strands is a primary mechanism by which the two components of the delivery vehicle bind. In this work, we show for the first time direct evidence of electrostatic interactions of these compounds visualised with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and correlated to their topography from atomic force microscopy (AFM). We construct monolayers of lipids and gemini surfactant to simulate interactions on a cellular level, using lipids commonly found in cell membranes, and allow DNA to bind to the monolayer as it is formed on a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. The difference in topography and electrical surface potential between monolayers with and without DNA is striking. In fact, KPFM reveals a strongly positive relative electrical surface potential in between where we identify a background lipid and the DNA strands, evidenced by the height profiles of the domains. Such identification is not possible without KPFM. We conclude that it is likely we are seeing cationic surfactant molecules surrounding DNA strands within a sea of background lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D E Henderson
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Shortall SM, Marangoni DG, Wettig SD. Mixing behaviour of Pluronics with gemini surfactant/plasmid DNA condensates: effect of Pluronic composition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26121-26135. [PMID: 32909022 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles prepared from plasmid DNA (pDNA) and N,N-bis(dimethylhexadecyl)-1,3-propanediammonium bromide (16-3-16) have been mixed with various Pluronic block copolymers and investigated as binary surfactant systems in water using the previously demonstrated critical aggregation concentration of the surfactant-DNA complex. Surface tensiometry was used to determine critical micelle concentrations of mixed micelles formed within these Pluronic/16-3-16/pDNA mixtures. Use of mixed micelle theories reveals that mixed micelle composition and the interaction parameter, β, are influenced by the structure, in particular hydrophobicity, of the Pluronic component. Ethidium bromide fluorescence studies demonstrate the ability of the Pluronics to de-condense the plasmid DNA from the cationic 16-3-16 gemini surfactant complex, and show some relationship to the interaction parameter and Pluronic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shortall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Narsineni L, Foldvari M. Dicationic Amino Substituted Gemini Surfactants and their Nanoplexes: Improved Synthesis and Characterization of Transfection Efficiency and Corneal Penetration In Vitro. Pharm Res 2020; 37:144. [PMID: 32666411 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To formulate and characterize nanoparticles from m-7NH-m gemini surfactants, synthesized by a new improved method, for non-invasive gene delivery including optimization of composition for transfection efficiency and corneal penetration. METHODS A one-pot, solvent-free, DMAP-free method was developed for the synthesis of m-7NH-m (m = 12-18) gemini surfactant series. Lipoplexes (LPXs) and nanoplexes (NPXs) of gemini surfactant-plasmid DNA were formulated with and without DOPE helper lipid, respectively, at various charge ratios and characterized by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. Transfection efficiency, cellular toxicity, effect of DOPE and gene expression kinetic studies were carried out in A7 astrocytes by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Corneal penetration studies of 18-7NH-18 NPXs were carried out using 3D EpiCorneal® tissue model. RESULTS The new synthesis method provides a two-fold improved yield and the production of a pure species of m-7NH-m without DMAP and trimeric m-7N(m)-m surfactants as impurities. Structure and purity was confirmed by ESI-MS, 1H NMR spectroscopy and surface tension measurements. Particle size of 199.80 ± 1.83 nm ± S.D. and a zeta potential value of +30.18 ± 1.17 mV ± S.D. was obtained for 18-7NH-18 5:1 ratio NPXs showed optimum transfection efficiency (10.97 ± 0.11%) and low toxicity (92.97 ± 0.57% viability) at the 48-h peak expression. Inclusion of DOPE at 1: 0.5 and 1:1 ratios to gemini surfactant reduced transfection efficiency and increased toxicity. Treatment of EpiCorneal® tissue model showed deep penetration of up to 100 μm with 18-7NH-18 NPXs. CONCLUSION Overall, 18-7NH-18 NPXs are potential gene delivery systems for ophthalmic gene delivery and for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Narsineni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,School of Pharmacy, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Al-Dulaymi M, Mohammed-Saeid W, El-Aneed A, Badea I. Peptide-Modified Gemini Surfactants: Preparation and Characterization for Gene Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2000:203-225. [PMID: 31148017 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9516-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Diquaternary ammonium-based gemini surfactants have been investigated widely as nonviral gene delivery systems. These unique cationic lipids have versatility in their chemical structure, show relatively low toxicity, are able to compact genetic material (pDNA, RNA) into nano-sized lipoplexes, and can be easily produced. In addition, the gemini surfactants show significant improvement in the transfection activity and biocompatibility compared to other cationic lipids used as nonviral gene delivery agents. The successful applications of gemini surfactant-based lipoplexes as topical gene delivery systems in animal models indicate their potential as noninvasive carriers for genetic immunization, theranostic agents, and in other gene therapy treatments. Detailed physicochemical characterization of gemini surfactant lipoplexes is a key factor in terms of formulation optimization and elucidation of the cellular uptake and stability of the lipoplexes system. In this chapter, we describe in detail different formulation methods to prepare gemini surfactant lipoplexes and comprehensive physicochemical characterization. In addition, we illustrate general protocols for in vitro evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mays Al-Dulaymi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Abstract
Biosurfactant compounds have been studied in many applications, including biomedical, food, cosmetic, agriculture, and bioremediation areas, mainly due to their low toxicity, high biodegradability, and multifunctionality. Among biosurfactants, the lipoplexes of lipoaminoacids play a key role in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Lipoaminoacids (LAAs) are amino acid-based surfactants that are obtained from the condensation reaction of natural origin amino acids with fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives. LAA can be produced by biocatalysis as an alternative to chemical synthesis and thus become very attractive from both the biomedical and the environmental perspectives. Gemini LAAs, which are made of two hydrophobic chains and two amino acid head groups per molecule and linked by a spacer at the level of the amino acid residues, are promising candidates as both drug and gene delivery and protein disassembly agents. Gemini LAA usually show lower critical micelle concentration, interact more efficiently with proteins, and are better solubilising agents for hydrophobic drugs when compared to their monomeric counterparts due to their dimeric structure. A clinically relevant human gene therapy vector must overcome or avoid detect and silence foreign or misplaced DNA whilst delivering sustained levels of therapeutic gene product. Many non-viral DNA vectors trigger these defence mechanisms, being subsequently destroyed or rendered silent. The development of safe and persistently expressing DNA vectors is a crucial prerequisite for a successful clinical application, and it one of the main strategic tasks of non-viral gene therapy research.
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Jin W, Al-Dulaymi M, Badea I, Leary SC, Rehman J, El-Aneed A. Cellular Uptake and Distribution of Gemini Surfactant Nanoparticles Used as Gene Delivery Agents. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:98. [PMID: 31388860 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are promising molecules utilized as non-viral gene delivery vectors. However, little is known about their cellular uptake and distribution after they release their therapeutic cargo. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated the cellular uptake and distribution of three gemini surfactants: unsubstituted (16-3-16), with pyridinium head groups (16(Py)-S-2-S-16(Py)) and substituted with a glycyl-lysine di-peptide (16-7N(GK)-16). We also assessed the relationship between cellular uptake and distribution of each gemini surfactant and its overall efficiency and toxicity. Epidermal keratinocytes PAM 212 were treated with gemini surfactant nanoparticles formulated with plasmid DNA and harvested at various time points to collect the enriched nuclear, mitochondrial, plasma membrane, and cytosolic fractions. Gemini surfactants were then extracted from each subcellular fraction and quantified using a validated flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) method. Mass spectrometry is superior to the use of fluorescent tags that alter the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of the nanoparticles and can be cleaved from the gemini surfactant molecules within biological systems. Overall, a significantly higher cellular uptake was observed for 16-7N(GK)-16 (17.0%) compared with 16-3-6 (3.6%) and 16(Py)-S-2-S-16(Py) (1.4%), which explained the relatively higher transfection efficiency of 16-7N(GK)-16. Gemini surfactants 16-3-16 and 16(Py)-S-2-S-16(Py) displayed similar subcellular distribution patterns, with major accumulation in the nucleus, followed by the mitochondrion, cytosol, and plasma membrane. In contrast, 16-7N(GK)-16 was relatively evenly distributed across all four subcellular fractions. However, accumulation within the nucleus after 5 h of treatment was the highest for 16(Py)-S-2-S-16(Py) (50.3%), followed by 16-3-16 (41.8%) and then 16-7N(GK)-16 (33.4%), possibly leading to its relatively higher toxicity. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mays Al-Dulaymi
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jeveria Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Li G, Tang H, Liu C, Liao X, Li S, Shu Z, Yu H, Yang P. One-step synthesis of methylene-bridged bis-carbazole and evaluation of its antitumor activity and G-quadruplex DNA binding property. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103074. [PMID: 31255989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most reported carbazolyl G-quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) ligands possess a rigid structure rather than a flexible one. The conformationally flexible ligands are paid much less attention. In this study, we report a novel class of non-rigid methylene-bridged biscarbazolyl ligand and their G4-DNA binding properties. Moreover, the antitumor activities of all these oligomers have been evaluated. The results show that this family of oligomers could be facilely synthesized via solely one step. Among them, compound 2, the bis-carbazole derivative, displays the best antitumor activity and IC50 values against HT-29, HepG2, A375 and MCF-7 cells are 0.69, 5.09, 3.15 and 3.8 μ mol/L, respectively. Although conformationally flexible, 2 is still capable of binding to as well as stabilizing G4-DNA via π-π stacking interaction. Moreover, 2 selectively binds to G4-DNA over duplex DNA. The current study enriches the category of carbazolyl G4-DNA ligands and paves the way for the search of more efficient G4-DNA ligands and antitumor leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haodong Tang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sicong Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhengning Shu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Chen Z, Zhang P, Sun Y, Wang C, Xu B. Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Lauryl Glycine and Mixtures with Conventional Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Chen
- School of Food and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Food and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- School of Food and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Ce Wang
- School of Food and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
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Jin W, Badea I, Leary SC, El-Aneed A. The determination of gemini surfactants used as gene delivery agents in cellular matrix using validated tandem mass spectrometric method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:164-172. [PMID: 30390558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple, reliable flow injection analysis (FIA)-tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of gemini surfactants, designated as 16-3-16, 16(Py)-S-2-S-(Py)16 and 16-7N(GK)-16, as gene delivery agents in cellular matrix. 16-3-16 is a conventional gemini surfactant bearing two quaternary amines, linked by a 3-carbon spacer region, 16(Py)-S-2-S-(Py)16 contains two pyridinium head groups, while 16-7N(GK)-16 bears a glycine-lysine di-peptide in the space region. The method was fully validated according to USFDA guidelines. It is the first time that FIA-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of gemini surfactants, belonging to different structural families. The method was superior to existing liquid chromatographic (LC)-MS/MS methods in terms of sensitivity and time of analysis. Positive electrospray ionization (ESI) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were used on a triple quadrupole-linear ion trap (4000 QTRAP®) instrument. Deuterated internal standards were used to correct for matrix effects and variations in ionization within the ESI source. Isotope dilution standard curves were established in cellular matrix, with a linear range of 10 nM-1000 nM for 16-3-16 and 16(Py)-S-2-S-(Py)16, and 20 nM-2000 nM for 16-7N(GK)-16. The precision, accuracy, recovery and stability were all within the acceptable ranges as per the USFDA guidelines. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of target gemini surfactants in the nuclear fraction of PAM 212 keratinocyte cells treated with nanoparticles, which varied significantly and may explain differences in the observed efficiency and/or toxicity of these gemini surfactants in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- Drug Design & Discovery Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Makhlouf A, Hajdu I, Hartimath SV, Alizadeh E, Wharton K, Wasan KM, Badea I, Fonge H. 111In-Labeled Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic b (GPNMB) Targeted Gemini Surfactant-Based Nanoparticles against Melanoma: In Vitro Characterization and in Vivo Evaluation in Melanoma Mouse Xenograft Model. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:542-551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Makhlouf
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, 12411 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Istvan Hajdu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Siddesh V. Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Kayla Wharton
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
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Hajdu I, Makhlouf A, Solomon VR, Michel D, Al-Dulaymi M, Wasan KM, Fonge H, Badea I. A 89Zr-labeled lipoplex nanosystem for image-guided gene delivery: design, evaluation of stability and in vivo behavior. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7801-7818. [PMID: 30538460 PMCID: PMC6257135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s179806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the advances in radiopharmaceutical research, the development of image-guided therapy has become a major interest. While the development of theranostic nanotherapeutics is frequently associated with cancer chemotherapy, phototherapy and radiotherapy, there is little information available on the in vivo monitoring of gene delivery systems and the application of image-guided approach in gene therapy. The goal of this work was to determine the in vivo behavior of DNA delivery nanosystems - based on cationic gemini surfactants – designed for image-guided gene therapy. We tested the feasibility of monitoring tumor accumulation of gene delivery nanoparticles by positron emission tomography. Methods To be able to conjugate radiotracers to the nanoparticles, a deferoxamine-modified gemini surfactant was synthesized, DNA-containing lipoplex nanoparticles were formulated, and radiolabeled with Zirconium-89 (89Zr). The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 89Zr labeled surfactant and 89Zr labeled nanoparticles were monitored in mice by microPET/CT imaging and ex vivo gamma counting. Results Modification of the nanoparticles with deferoxamine did not alter their physicochemical properties. The radiolabeled nanoparticles (labeling efficiency of 95±3%) were stable in PBS and serum. The biological half-life of the 89Zr labeled nanoparticles was significantly higher compared to 89Zr labeled surfactant. As expected, the nanoparticles had significantly higher liver accumulation than the radiolabeled surfactant alone and lower kidney accumulation. Tumor uptake was detected at 2 hours post injection and decreased throughout the 3-day monitoring. Conclusion We propose that radiolabeling DNA delivery lipoplex nanosystems is a promising approach for the design and optimization of image-guided nanomedicines, especially in the context of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Hajdu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Amal Makhlouf
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada, .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 12411 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada,
| | - Deborah Michel
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Mays Al-Dulaymi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada, .,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada,
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
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16
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Al-Dulaymi M, Michel D, Chitanda JM, El-Aneed A, Verrall RE, Grochulski P, Badea I. Molecular Engineering as an Approach To Modulate Gene Delivery Efficiency of Peptide-Modified Gemini Surfactants. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3293-3308. [PMID: 30169953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The unique molecular structure confers the diquaternary ammonium gemini surfactants with enhanced nucleic acid complexation ability, bottom-up design flexibility, and relatively low cytotoxicity. To capitalize on their potential as gene delivery vectors, novel structural modifications should be explored. In this work, 22 novel peptide-modified gemini surfactants with various alkyl tails and peptide spacer modifications were evaluated. This work represents the first report of dendrimer-like gemini surfactants and first evaluation of the impact of incorporating a hydrocarbon linker into the peptide chain. Our aim was to establish a structure activity relationship of the peptide-modified gemini surfactants and to identify the fundamental architectural requirements needed for the ultimate gene delivery systems. In vitro assessment revealed that the highest transfection efficiency and lowest cytotoxicity were associated with the glycyl-lysine modified gemini surfactants having the hexadecyl tail, 16-7N(G-K)-16. In fact, it showed an 8-fold increase in secreted protein with 20% increase in cell viability relative to the first-generation unsubstituted gemini surfactants. Further increase in the size of the attached peptides resulted in a decrease in the transfection efficiency and cell viability. Whereas the incorporation of a hydrocarbon linker into the peptide chain decreased the transfection efficiency of compounds with dipeptides, it increased the transfection efficiency of compounds with larger peptide chains. Such an increase was more prominent with the incorporation of a longer hydrocarbon linker. We conclude that a balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of the compound is necessary since it results in physicochemical parameters conducive to the gene delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pawel Grochulski
- Canadian Light Source , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 4L5 , Canada
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17
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Damen M, Groenen AJJ, van Dongen SFM, Nolte RJM, Scholte BJ, Feiters MC. Transfection by cationic gemini lipids and surfactants. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1404-1425. [PMID: 30288217 PMCID: PMC6148748 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that are linked to defective genes or mutations can in principle be cured by gene therapy, in which damaged or absent genes are either repaired or replaced by new DNA in the nucleus of the cell. Related to this, disorders associated with elevated protein expression levels can be treated by RNA interference via the delivery of siRNA to the cytoplasm of cells. Polynucleotides can be brought into cells by viruses, but this is not without risk for the patient. Alternatively, DNA and RNA can be delivered by transfection, i.e. by non-viral vector systems such as cationic surfactants, which are also referred to as cationic lipids. In this review, recent progress on cationic lipids as transfection vectors will be discussed, with special emphasis on geminis, surfactants with 2 head groups and 2 tails connected by a spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Damen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - A J J Groenen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - S F M van Dongen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - R J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - B J Scholte
- Departments of Pediatric pulmonology and Cell Biology , Erasmus MC, P. O. Box 2040 , 3000 CA Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M C Feiters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
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18
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Joondan N, Jhaumeer Laulloo S, Caumul P. Amino acids: Building blocks for the synthesis of greener amphiphiles. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1421085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Joondan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | - Prakashanand Caumul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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19
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Chakraborty A, Boer JC, Selomulya C, Plebanski M. Amino Acid Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles as Cutting-Edge Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:657-671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Boer
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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20
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Mohammed-Saeid W, Chitanda J, Al-Dulaymi M, Verrall R, Badea I. Design and Evaluation of RGD-Modified Gemini Surfactant-Based Lipoplexes for Targeted Gene Therapy in Melanoma Model. Pharm Res 2017. [PMID: 28643235 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have developed and evaluated novel peptide-targeted gemini surfactant-based lipoplexes designed for melanoma gene therapy. METHODS Integrin receptor targeting peptide, cyclic-arginylglycylaspartic acid (cRGD), was either chemically coupled to a gemini surfactant backbone or physically co-formulated with lipoplexes. Several formulations and transfection techniques were developed. Transfection efficiency and cellular toxicity of the lipoplexes were evaluated in an in vitro human melanoma model. Physicochemical properties were examined using dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential, and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. RESULTS RGD-modified gemini surfactant based lipoplexes showed significant enhancement in gene transfection activity in A375 cell lines compared to the standard non-targeted formulation, especially when RGD was chemically conjugated to the gemini surfactant (RGD-G). The RGD had no effect on the cell toxicity profile of the lipoplex systems. Targeting specificity was confirmed by using an excess of free RGD and negative control peptide (RAD) and was demonstrated by using normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Physicochemical characterization showed that all nanoparticles were in the optimal size range for cellular uptake and there were no significant differences between RGD-modified and standard lipoplexes. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the potential of RGD-modified gemini surfactant-based lipoplexes for use in melanoma gene therapy as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Health Sciences Building, Room 3D01.5, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jackson Chitanda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mays Al-Dulaymi
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Health Sciences Building, Room 3D01.5, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ronald Verrall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Health Sciences Building, Room 3D01.5, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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21
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Al-Dulaymi M, El-Aneed A. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of novel peptide-modified gemini surfactants used as gene delivery vectors. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:353-366. [PMID: 28409852 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diquaternary ammonium gemini surfactants have emerged as effective gene delivery vectors. A novel series of 11 peptide-modified compounds was synthesized, showing promising results in delivering genetic materials. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) dissociation behavior of these novel molecules establishing a generalized MS/MS fingerprint. Exact mass measurements were achieved using a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and a multi-stage MS/MS analysis was conducted using a triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Both instruments were operated in the positive ionization mode and are equipped with electrospray ionization. Abundant triply charged [M+H]3+ species were observed in the single-stage analysis of all the evaluated compounds with mass accuracies of less than 8 ppm in mass error. MS/MS analysis showed that the evaluated gemini surfactants exhibited peptide-related dissociation characteristics because of the presence of amino acids within the compounds' spacer region. In particular, diagnostic product ions were originated from the neutral loss of ammonia from the amino acids' side chain resulting in the formation of pipecolic acid at the N-terminus part of the gemini surfactants. In addition, a charge-directed amide bond cleavage was initiated by the amino acids' side chain producing a protonated α-amino-ε-caprolactam ion and its complimentary C-terminus ion that contains quaternary amines. MS/MS and MS3 analysis revealed common fragmentation behavior among all tested compounds, resulting in the production of a universal MS/MS fragmentation pathway. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Dulaymi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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22
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Hu B, Yuan Y, Yan Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Kan Q, Li S. Preparation and evaluation of a novel anticancer drug delivery carrier for 5-Fluorouracil using synthetic bola-amphiphile based on lysine as polar heads. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:637-645. [PMID: 28415509 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel bolaamphiphile surfactant N,N'-(dodecane-1, 12-diyl) bis (2,6-diaminohexanamide) (DADL) was designed and synthesized using l-lysine and 1,12-diaminododecane as the hydrophilic and hydrophobic part, respectively. After separation and purification, the structure of the synthetic bolaamphiphile surfactant was verified by FTIR, MS and 1H NMR. The synthetic bolaamphiphile was able to self-assemble to form vesicles. After formulation screening, vesicles loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) were prepared with Tween 60 and DADL by sonication and were examined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Micro-FTIR was applied to investigate the conformation of the bola molecules within the vesicle membrane. The release profile of the vesicles showed a pH-sensitive and sustained release. No significant toxicity was observed in an in vitro cell viability assay. The antitumor efficacy of the 5-Fu-loaded vesicles on H22 tumor-bearing mice was remarkably high due to the EPR effects. These results show that our novel bolaamphiphile derived from lysine has excellent potential as a pH-sensitive drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 202 Chenfu Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiming Kan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sanming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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23
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Fisicaro E, Compari C, Bacciottini F, Contardi L, Pongiluppi E, Barbero N, Viscardi G, Quagliotto P, Donofrio G, Krafft MP. Nonviral gene-delivery by highly fluorinated gemini bispyridinium surfactant-based DNA nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 487:182-191. [PMID: 27769002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biological and thermodynamic properties of a new homologous series of highly fluorinated bispyridinium cationic gemini surfactants, differing in the length of the spacer bridging the pyridinium polar heads in 1,1' position, are reported for the first time. Interestingly, gene delivery ability is closely associated with the spacer length due to a structural change of the molecule in solution. This conformation change is allowed when the spacer reaches the right length, and it is suggested by the trends of the apparent and partial molar enthalpies vs molality. To assess the compounds' biological activity, they were tested with an agarose gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), MTT proliferation assay and Transient Transfection assays on a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Data from atomic force microscopy (AFM) allow for morphological characterization of DNA nanoparticles. Dilution enthalpies, measured at 298K, enabled the determination of apparent and partial molar enthalpies vs molality. All tested compounds (except that with the longest spacer), at different levels, can deliver the plasmid when co-formulated with 1,2-dioleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). The compound with a spacer formed by eight carbon atoms gives rise to a gene delivery ability that is comparable to that of the commercial reagent. The compound with the longest spacer compacts DNA in loosely condensed structures by forming bows, which are not suitable for transfection. Regarding the compounds' hydrogenated counterparts, the tight relationship between the solution thermodynamics data and their biological performance is amazing, making "old" methods the foundation to deeply understanding "new" applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Fisicaro
- University of Parma, Department of Pharmacy, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Compari
- University of Parma, Department of Pharmacy, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Bacciottini
- University of Parma, Department of Pharmacy, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Contardi
- University of Parma, Department of Pharmacy, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Erika Pongiluppi
- University of Parma, Department of Pharmacy, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Barbero
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces" NIS Centre, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Viscardi
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces" NIS Centre, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces" NIS Centre, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- University of Parma, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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24
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Mekhail GM, Kamel AO, Awad GA, Mortada ND, Rodrigo RL, Spagnuolo PA, Wettig SD. Synthesis and evaluation of alendronate-modified gelatin biopolymer as a novel osteotropic nanocarrier for gene therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2251-73. [PMID: 27527003 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To synthesize an osteotropic alendronate functionalized gelatin (ALN-gelatin) biopolymer for nanoparticle preparation and targeted delivery of DNA to osteoblasts for gene therapy applications. MATERIALS & METHODS Alendronate coupling to gelatin was confirmed using Fourier transform IR, (31)PNMR, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry. ALN-gelatin biopolymers prepared at various alendronate/gelatin ratios were utilized to prepare nanoparticles and were optimized in combination with DNA and gemini surfactant for transfecting both HEK-293 and MG-63 cell lines. RESULTS Gelatin functionalization was confirmed using the above methods. Uniform nanoparticles were obtained from a nanoprecipitation technique. ALN-gelatin/gemini/DNA complexes exhibited higher transfection efficiency in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line compared with the positive control. CONCLUSION ALN-gelatin is a promising biopolymer for bone targeting of either small molecules or gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Mekhail
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon Street, Abbasiya Square, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Amany O Kamel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon Street, Abbasiya Square, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Gehanne As Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon Street, Abbasiya Square, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nahed D Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon Street, Abbasiya Square, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Rowena L Rodrigo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shawn D Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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25
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Junquera E, Aicart E. Recent progress in gene therapy to deliver nucleic acids with multivalent cationic vectors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 233:161-175. [PMID: 26265376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential use as transfecting agents of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), multivalent cationic non-viral vectors have received special attention in the last decade. Much effort has been addressed to synthesize more efficient and biocompatible gene vectors able to transport nucleic acids into the cells without provoking an immune response. Among them, the mostly explored to compact and transfect nucleic acids are: (a) gemini and multivalent cationic lipids, mixed with a helper lipid, by forming lipoplexes; and (b) cationic polymers, polycations, and polyrotaxanes, by forming polyplexes. This review is focused on the progress and recent advances experimented in this area, mainly during the present decade, devoting special attention to the lipoplexes and polyplexes, as follows: (a) to its biophysical characterization (mainly electrostatics, structure, size and morphology) using a wide variety of experimental methods; and (b) to its biological activity (transfection efficacy and cytotoxicity) addressed to confirm the optimum formulations and viability of these complexes as very promising gene vectors of nucleic acids in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Junquera
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Aicart
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Pietralik Z, Skrzypczak A, Kozak M. Dicationic Surfactants with Glycine Counter Ions for Oligonucleotide Transportation. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2424-33. [PMID: 27214208 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are good candidates to bind, protect, and deliver nucleic acids. Herein, the concept of amino acids (namely glycine) as counter ions of gemini surfactants for gene therapy application was explored. This study was conducted on DNA and RNA oligomers and two quaternary bis-imidazolium salts, having 2,5-dioxahexane and 2,8-dioxanonane spacer groups. The toxicity level of surfactants was assessed by an MTT assay, and their ability to bind nucleic acids was tested through electrophoresis. The nucleic acid conformation was established based on circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The structures of the formed complexes were characterized by small-angle scattering of synchrotron radiation. Both studied surfactants appear to be suitable for gene therapy; however, although they vary by only three methylene groups in the spacer, they differ in binding ability and toxicity. The tested oligonucleotides maintained their native conformations upon surfactant addition and the studied lipoplexes formed a variety of structures. In systems based on a 2,5-dioxahexane spacer, a hexagonal phase was observed for DNA-surfactant complexes and a micellar phase was dominant with RNA. For the surfactant with a 2,8-dioxanonane spacer group, the primitive cubic phase prevailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Pietralik
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Skrzypczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland. .,Joint Laboratory for SAXS Studies, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Al-Dulaymi MA, Chitanda JM, Mohammed-Saeid W, Araghi HY, Verrall RE, Grochulski P, Badea I. Di-Peptide-Modified Gemini Surfactants as Gene Delivery Vectors: Exploring the Role of the Alkyl Tail in Their Physicochemical Behavior and Biological Activity. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1168-1181. [PMID: 27184577 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of new peptide-modified gemini surfactant-based carriers. Glycyl-lysine modified gemini surfactants that differ in the length and degree of unsaturation of their alkyl tail were used to engineer DNA nano-assemblies. To probe the optimal nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio in the presence of helper lipid, in vitro gene expression and cell toxicity measurements were carried out. Characterization of the nano-assemblies was accomplished by measuring the particle size and surface charge. Morphological characteristics and lipid organization were studied by small angle X-ray scattering technique. Lipid monolayers were studied using a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. The highest activity of glycyl-lysine modified gemini surfactants was observed with the 16-carbon tail compound at 2.5 N/P ratio, showing a 5- to 10-fold increase in the level of reporter protein compared to the 12 and 18:1 carbon tail compounds. This ratio is significantly lower compared to the previously studied gemini surfactants with alkyl or amino- spacers. In addition, the 16-carbon tail compound exhibited the highest cell viability (85%). This high efficiency is attributed to the lowest critical micelle concentration of the 16-tail gemini surfactant and a balanced packing of the nanoparticles by mixing a saturated and unsaturated lipid together. At the optimal N/P ratio, all nanoparticles exhibited an inverted hexagonal lipid assembly. The results show that the length and nature of the tail of the gemini surfactants play an important role in determining the transgene efficiency of the delivery system. We demonstrated here that the interplay between the headgroup and the nature of tail is specific to each series, thus in the process of rational design, the contribution of the latter should be assessed in the appropriate context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mays A Al-Dulaymi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jackson M Chitanda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Ronald E Verrall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Pawel Grochulski
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Hu BB, Yuan Y, Zhou XP, Li SM. Synthesis and properties of a novel bolaamphiphile surfactant derived from proline. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ahmed T, Kamel AO, Wettig SD. Interactions between DNA and Gemini surfactant: impact on gene therapy: part I. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:289-306. [PMID: 26785905 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral gene therapy using gemini surfactants is a unique approach to medicine that can be adapted toward the treatment of various diseases. Recently, gemini surfactants have been utilized as candidates for the formation of nonviral vectors. The chemical structure of the surfactant (variations in the alkyl tail length and spacer/head group) and the resulting physicochemical properties of the lipoplexes are critical parameters for efficient gene transfection. Moreover, studying the interaction of the surfactant with DNA can help in designing an efficient vector and understanding how transfection complexes overcome various cellular barriers. Part I of this review provides an overview of various types of gemini surfactants designed for gene therapy and their transfection efficiency; and Part II will focus on different novel methods utilized to understand the interactions between the gemini and DNA in a lipoplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taksim Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Amany O Kamel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El-Maamon Street, Abbasiya Square, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Shawn D Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zakharova LY, Gabdrakhmanov DR, Ibragimova AR, Vasilieva EA, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Ermakova EA, Gogoleva NE, Faizullin DA, Pokrovsky AG, Korobeynikov VA, Cheresiz SV, Zuev YF. Structural, biocomplexation and gene delivery properties of hydroxyethylated gemini surfactants with varied spacer length. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 140:269-277. [PMID: 26764110 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants with hexadecyl tails and hydroxyethylated head groups bridged with tetramethylene (G4), hexamethylene (G6) and dodecamethylene (G12) spacers were shown to self-assemble at the lower critical micelle concentration compared to their conventional m-s-m analogs. The lipoplex formation and the plasmid DNA transfer into different kinds of host cells were studied. In the case of eukaryotic cells, high transfection efficacy has been demonstrated for DNA-gemini complexes, which increased as follows: G6<G4<G12. Different activity series, i.e., G6>G4>G12 has been obtained in the case of transformation of bacterial cells with plasmid DNA-gemini complexes, mediated by electroporation technique. Solely G6 shows transformation efficacy exceeding the control result (uncomplexed DNA), while the inhibitory effect occurs for G4 and G12. Analysis of physico-chemical features of single surfactants and lipoplexes shows that compaction and condensation effects change as follows: G6<G4 ≤ G12, i.e., agree with the order of transfection efficacy, which is supported by membrane tropic properties of G12. On the other hand, gel retardation assay and docking study testify low electrostatic affinity in G12/DNA pair, thereby indicating that hydrophobic effect probably plays important role in the lipoplex formation. Two factors are assumed to be responsible for the inhibition effect of gemini in the case of transformation of bacterial cells. They are (i) an unfavorable influence of cationic surfactants on the electroporation procedure due to depressing the electrophoretic effect; and (ii) antibacterial activity of cationic surfactants that may cause the disruption of integrity of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ya Zakharova
- A.E Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Arbuzov, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Dinar R Gabdrakhmanov
- A.E Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Arbuzov, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alsu R Ibragimova
- A.E Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Arbuzov, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elmira A Vasilieva
- A.E Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Arbuzov, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- A.E Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Arbuzov, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marsil K Kadirov
- A.E Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Arbuzov, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Ermakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, p.o.b. 30, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia E Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, p.o.b. 30, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dzhigangir A Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, p.o.b. 30, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G Pokrovsky
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 ul. Pirogova, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Sergey V Cheresiz
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 ul. Pirogova, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy F Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, p.o.b. 30, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
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31
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Dong C, Badea I, Poorghorban M, Verrall R, Foldvari M. Impact of phospholipids on plasmid packaging and toxicity of gemini nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8806-8822. [PMID: 26693021 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship of structural modifications on the assembly and disassembly of synthetic or non-viral gene delivery is crucial with regard to their rational development. This study describes the use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), as a new tool, to investigate the effect of systematic chemical modifications to dicationic N,N-bis(dimethylalkyl)-α,ω-alkanediammonium surfactants (gemini surfactants) on the self-assembly and physical properties of a series of gemini nanoparticles (gemini NPs). A systematic screening of 27 gemini-plasmid (GP) complexes and gemini NPs showed that their final morphology is governed by the pre-compaction of plasmid by the gemini surfactants. The assembly process of gemini-plasmid intermediate complex (GP) and the final gemini NP (or gemini-plasmid-lipid complex, GPL) was monitored by the tracking of the Cy5-labeled plasmid. Based on diffusion properties, GP complexes were larger than gemini NPs (300-500 nm for GP and 200-300 nm for GPLs). Stoichiometric analysis of the raw intensity histograms showed that both GPs and GPLs particles were composed of multiple plasmids. The final GPLs contain fewer plasmids (2-20 per particle) compared to the intermediate GP (5-35 per particle). The addition of phospholipids dispersed and stabilized GPs to form GPL, but the type of phospholipid (DOPE or DD 1:3) had little effect on the final size of the particles. The FCS data were both validated and complemented by the results of studies of dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray scattering and dye-exclusion assays. A model for gemini NP assembly involving supramolecular aggregate intermediates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilbert Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. Canada S7N 2Z4
| | - Masoomeh Poorghorban
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. Canada S7N 2Z4
| | - Ronald Verrall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 ; The Centre for Bioengineering & Biotechnology University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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32
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Solubilization power of an amino acid-based gemini surfactant towards the hydrophobic drug amphotericin B. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Branco MA, Pinheiro L, Faustino C. Amino acid-based cationic gemini surfactant–protein interactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barbero N, Magistris C, Quagliotto P, Bonandini L, Barolo C, Buscaino R, Compari C, Contardi L, Fisicaro E, Viscardi G. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Interaction with DNA of Long-Alkyl-Chain Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants. Chempluschem 2015; 80:952-962. [PMID: 31973260 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pyridinium gemini surfactants with hexadecyl chains linked to nitrogen atoms and a tuned aliphatic spacer that bridges the two pyridinium polar heads in 2,2'-positions have been synthesized and characterized. A multitechnique approach allowed us to study the aggregation behavior, using conductivity, surface tension, and fluorescence. Graphs of the specific conductivity (κ) versus the surfactant molar concentration (C), and graphs of the molar conductivity (Λ) versus C0.5 suggest pre-aggregation phenomena of these amphiphiles at very low concentration. The trends of Amin as a function of the spacer length confirm the hypothesis of a conformational change of the molecule with four methylene groups as spacer owing to stacking interactions between the two pyridinium rings mediated by the counterion. Moreover, the trends of Amin and counterion binding (β) suggest that the spacer must be longer than eight carbon atoms to fold efficiently toward the micellar core. The opportunity to tune the surfactant structure and aggregation properties make those surfactants-particularly the long-chain ones for which the DNA complexing ability was shown by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging-desirable candidates for gene-delivery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Barbero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Claudio Magistris
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Luca Bonandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Roberto Buscaino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Carlotta Compari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - Laura Contardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - Emilia Fisicaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Interdepartmental "Nanostructured Surfaces and Interfaces", NIS Centre-Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)
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35
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Draghici B, Ilies MA. Synthetic Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems: Present and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4091-130. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Draghici
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Temple Materials Institute, 1803 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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36
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Singh J, Michel D, Getson HM, Chitanda JM, Verrall RE, Badea I. Development of amino acid substituted gemini surfactant-based mucoadhesive gene delivery systems for potential use as noninvasive vaginal genetic vaccination. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:405-17. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Recently, we synthesized amino acid- and peptide-substituted gemini surfactants, ‘biolipids’ that exhibited high transfection efficiency in vitro. In this study, we developed these plasmid DNA and gemini surfactant lipid particles for noninvasive administration in vaginal cavity. Material & methods: Novel formulations of these gene delivery systems were prepared with poloxamer 407 to induce in situ gelling of the formulation and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether to improve their penetration across mucosal tissue. Results: Poloxamer at 16% w/v concentration in diethylene glycol monoethyl ether aqueous solution produced dispersions that gelled near body temperature and had a high yield value, preventing leakage of the formulation from the vaginal cavity. Intravaginal administration in rabbits showed that the glycyl-lysine-substituted gemini surfactant led to a higher gene expression compared with the parent unsubstituted gemini surfactant. Conclusion: This provides a proof-of-concept that amino acid substituted gemini surfactants can be used as noninvasive mucosal (vaginal) gene delivery systems to treat diseases associated with mucosal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagbir Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Deborah Michel
- Drug Design & Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Heather M Getson
- Drug Design & Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jackson M Chitanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ronald E Verrall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Design & Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Cardoso AM, Morais CM, Cruz AR, Silva SG, do Vale ML, Marques EF, de Lima MCP, Jurado AS. New serine-derived gemini surfactants as gene delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:347-56. [PMID: 25513958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants have been extensively used for in vitro gene delivery. Amino acid-derived gemini surfactants combine the special aggregation properties characteristic of the gemini surfactants with high biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this work, novel serine-derived gemini surfactants, differing in alkyl chain lengths and in the linker group bridging the spacer to the headgroups (amine, amide and ester), were evaluated for their ability to mediate gene delivery either per se or in combination with helper lipids. Gemini surfactant-based DNA complexes were characterized in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, surface charge, stability in aqueous buffer and ability to protect DNA. Efficient formulations, able to transfect up to 50% of the cells without causing toxicity, were found at very low surfactant/DNA charge ratios (1/1-2/1). The most efficient complexes presented sizes suitable for intravenous administration and negative surface charge, a feature known to preclude potentially adverse interactions with serum components. This work brings forward a new family of gemini surfactants with great potential as gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Morais
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Rita Cruz
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra G Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Luísa do Vale
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo F Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C Pedroso de Lima
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amália S Jurado
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Li G, Zhou X, Yang P, Jian Y, Deng T, Shen H, Bao Y. Synthesis of a novel methylene-bridged biscarbazole derivative and evaluation of its DNA and nucleotide binding properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fisicaro E, Compari C, Bacciottini F, Contardi L, Barbero N, Viscardi G, Quagliotto P, Donofrio G, Różycka-Roszak B, Misiak P, Woźniak E, Sansone F. Nonviral Gene Delivery: Gemini Bispyridinium Surfactant-Based DNA Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13183-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Fisicaro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Compari
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Bacciottini
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Contardi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department
of Chemistry, Interdepartmental “Nanostructured Surfaces and
Interfaces” NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria
7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Interdepartmental “Nanostructured Surfaces and
Interfaces” NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria
7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Interdepartmental “Nanostructured Surfaces and
Interfaces” NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria
7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department
of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Sansone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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40
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Buse J, Purves RW, Verrall RE, Badea I, Zhang H, Mulligan CC, Peru KM, Bailey J, Headley JV, El-Aneed A. The development and assessment of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based methods for the quantification of a nanoparticle drug delivery agent in cellular lysate. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1171-1180. [PMID: 25395133 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The safe use of lipid-based drug delivery agents requires fast and sensitive qualitative and quantitative assessment of their cellular interactions. Many mass spectrometry (MS) based analytical platforms can achieve such task with varying capabilities. Therefore, four novel high-throughput MS-based quantitative methods were evaluated for the analysis of a small organic gene delivery agent: N,N-bis(dimethylhexadecyl)-1,3-propane-diammonium dibromide (G16-3). Analysis utilized MS instruments that detect analytes using low-resolution tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis (i.e. QTRAP or linear ion trap in this work) or high-resolution MS analysis (i.e. time of flight (ToF) or Orbitrap). Our results indicate that the validated fast chromatography (FC)-QTRAP-MS/MS, FC- LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, desorption electrospray ionization-collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MS/MS and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-ToF/ToF-MS MS methods were superior in the area of method development and sample analysis time to a previously developed liquid chromatography (LC)-CID-MS/MS. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the abilities of five MS-based quantitative methods that target a single pharmaceutical analyte. Our findings indicate that, in comparison to conventional LC-CID-MS/MS, the new MS-based methods resulted in a (1) substantial reduction in the analysis time, (2) reduction in the time required for method development and (3) production of either superior or comparable quantitative data. The four new high-throughput MS methods, therefore, were faster, more efficient and less expensive than a conventional LC-CID-MS/MS for the quantification of the G16-3 analyte within tissue culture. When applied to cellular lysate, no significant change in the concentration of G16-3 gemini surfactant within PAM212 cells was observed between 5 and 53 h, suggesting the absence of any metabolism/excretion from PAM212 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Buse
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Barrán-Berdón AL, Yélamos B, Malfois M, Aicart E, Junquera E. Ca(2+)-mediated anionic lipid-plasmid DNA lipoplexes. Electrochemical, structural, and biochemical studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11704-11713. [PMID: 25211646 DOI: 10.1021/la502823z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several experimental methods, such as zeta potential, gel electrophoresis, small-angle X-ray scattering, gene transfection, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and cell viability/cytotoxicity assays, have been used to analyze the potential of anionic lipids (AL) as effective nontoxic and nonviral DNA vectors, assisted by divalent cations. The lipoplexes studied are those comprised of the green fluorescent protein-encoding plasmid DNA pEGFP-C3, an anionic lipid as 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS), and a zwitterionic lipid, the 1,2-dioleoyl-sn -glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE, not charged at physiological pH). The studies have been carried on at different liposome and lipoplex compositions and in the presence of a variety of [Ca2+]. Electrochemical experiments reveal that DOPG/DOPE and DOPS/DOPE anionic liposomes may compact more effectively pDNA at low molar fractions (with an excess of DOPE) and at AL/pDNA ratios ≈20. Calcium concentrations around 15-20 mM are needed to yield lipoplexes neutral or slightly positive. From a structural standpoint, DOPG/DOPE-Ca2+-pDNA lipoplexes are self-assembled into a HIIc phase (inverted cylindrical micelles in hexagonal ordering with plasmid supercoils inside the cylinders), while DOPS/DOPE-Ca2+-pDNA lipoplexes show two phases in coexistence: one classical HIIc phase which contains pDNA supercoils and one Lα phase without pDNA among the lamellae, i.e., a lamellar stack of lipidic bilayers held together by Ca2+ bridges. Transfection and cell viability studies were done with HEK293T and HeLa cells in the presence of serum. Lipoplexes herein studied show moderate-to-low transfection levels combined with moderate-to-high cell viability, comparable to those yield by Lipofectamine2000*, which is a cationic lipid (CL) standard formulation, but none of them improve the output of typical CL gen vectors, mostly if they are gemini or dendritic. This fact would be indicating that, nowadays, lipofection via anionic lipids and divalent cations as mediators still needs to enhance transfection levels in order to be considered as a real and plausible alternative to lipofection through improved CLs-based lipoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Barrán-Berdón
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, and ∥Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Silva JPN, Oliveira ACN, Lúcio M, Gomes AC, Coutinho PJG, Oliveira MECDR. Tunable pDNA/DODAB:MO lipoplexes: the effect of incubation temperature on pDNA/DODAB:MO lipoplexes structure and transfection efficiency. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121:371-9. [PMID: 25023903 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB):1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol (MO) cationic liposomes were reported as a promising alternative to common transfection agents, showing superior effectiveness on the transfection of the 293T mammalian cell line with pSV-β-gal plasmid DNA. The study of DODAB:MO aggregates in the absence of DNA has indicated that their morphology depends on the balance between DODAB's tendency to form bilayer structures and MO's propensity to form inverted non-lamellar structures. Other parameters, such as the temperature have proved to be crucial in the definition of the morphology of the developed nanocarrier. Therefore, in this work, a step forward to the current gene carrier system will be given by studying the effect of the tunable parameters (incubation temperature and MO content) on the structure of pDNA:DODAB:MO lipoplexes. More importantly, the implications that these tunable parameters could have in terms of lipoplex transfection efficiency will be investigated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta (ζ) potential, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and ethidium bromide (EtBr) exclusion were used to assess the formation, structure and destabilization of pDNA:DODAB:MO lipoplexes at DODAB molar fractions of (1:1) and above equimolarity (2:1, 4:1) prepared at incubation temperatures from 25 to 50°C. Experimental results indicate that pDNA:DODAB:MO's structure is sensitive to the lipoplex incubation temperature, resulting in particles of distinct size, superficial charge and structure. These variations are also visible on the complexation dynamics of pDNA, and subsequent release upon incubation with the model proteoglycan heparin (HEP), at 25 and 50°C. Increase in temperature leads to re-organization of DODAB and MO molecules within the liposomal formulation, causing a positive charge re-localization in the lipoplex surface, which not only alters its structure but also its transfection efficiency. Altogether, these results confirm that in the DODAB:MO carriers, an increase in the incubation temperature has a similar effect on aggregate morphology as the observed with an increase in MO content. This conclusion is extended to the pDNA:DODAB:MO lipoplexes morphology and subsequent transfection efficiency defining new strategies in lipoplexes preparation that could be used to modulate the properties of other lipid formulations for nonviral gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Neves Silva
- CFUM (Centre of Physics of the University of Minho), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana C N Oliveira
- CFUM (Centre of Physics of the University of Minho), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- CFUM (Centre of Physics of the University of Minho), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo J G Coutinho
- CFUM (Centre of Physics of the University of Minho), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Elisabete C D Real Oliveira
- CFUM (Centre of Physics of the University of Minho), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Preclinical development and ocular biodistribution of gemini-DNA nanoparticles after intravitreal and topical administration: towards non-invasive glaucoma gene therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1637-47. [PMID: 24905400 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gene therapy could offer improvement in the treatment of glaucoma compared to the current standard of lowering intraocular pressure. We have developed and characterized non-viral gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles (GL-NPs) for intravitreal and topical administration. Optimized GL-NPs (size range 150-180 nm) were biocompatible with rat retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells with >95% viability by PrestoBlue™ assay. GL-NPs carrying Cy5-labeled plasmid DNA demonstrated distinct trafficking behavior and biodisposition within the eye in vivo after intravitreal or topical application with respect to pathways of movement and physicochemical stability. After intravitreal injection in mice, GL-NPs localized within the nerve fiber layer of the retina, whereas after topical application, GL-NPs were located in several anterior chamber tissues, including the limbus, iris and conjunctiva. GL-NPs were thermodynamically stable in the vitreous and tear fluid and were trafficked as single, non-aggregated particles after both types of administration. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper, the development and characterization of non-viral gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles is reported with the goal of establishing a gene delivery system that addresses glaucoma in a non-invasive fashion. The authors found that after topical application, the concentration of these nanoparticles was higher in anterior chamber-related components of the eye, whereas intra-vitreal administration resulted in accumulation in the retinal nerve fibre layer.
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Gemini surfactants from natural amino acids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:134-55. [PMID: 24238395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we report the most important contributions in the structure, synthesis, physicochemical (surface adsorption, aggregation and phase behaviour) and biological properties (toxicity, antimicrobial activity and biodegradation) of Gemini natural amino acid-based surfactants, and some potential applications, with an emphasis on the use of these surfactants as non-viral delivery system agents. Gemini surfactants derived from basic (Arg, Lys), neutral (Ser, Ala, Sar), acid (Asp) and sulphur containing amino acids (Cys) as polar head groups, and Geminis with amino acids/peptides in the spacer chain are reviewed.
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Is the counterion responsible for the unusual thermodynamic behaviour of the aqueous solutions of gemini bispyridinium surfactants? Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li W, Shi J, Zhang C, Li M, Gan L, Xu H, Yang X. Co-delivery of thioredoxin 1 shRNA and doxorubicin by folate-targeted gemini surfactant-based cationic liposomes to sensitize hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4901-4910. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Folate-targeted gemini surfactant-based cationic liposomes are constructed to co-deliver thioredoxin 1 and doxorubicin to inhibit the cell viability and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huibi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, China
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Misra SK, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Datta S, Barrán-Berdón AL, Aicart-Ramos C, Castro-Hartmann P, Kondaiah P, Junquera E, Bhattacharya S, Aicart E. Effects of a delocalizable cation on the headgroup of gemini lipids on the lipoplex-type nanoaggregates directly formed from plasmid DNA. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3951-63. [PMID: 24083552 DOI: 10.1021/bm401079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoplex-type nanoaggregates prepared from pEGFP-C3 plasmid DNA (pDNA) and mixed liposomes, with a gemini cationic lipid (CL) [1,2-bis(hexadecyl imidazolium) alkanes], referred as (C16Im)2Cn (where Cn is the alkane spacer length, n = 2, 3, 5, or 12, between the imidazolium heads) and DOPE zwitterionic lipid, have been analyzed by zeta potential, gel electrophoresis, SAXS, cryo-TEM, fluorescence anisotropy, transfection efficiency, fluorescence confocal microscopy, and cell viability/cytotoxicity experiments to establish a structure-biological activity relationship. The study, carried out at several mixed liposome compositions, α, and effective charge ratios, ρeff, of the lipoplex, demonstrates that the transfection of pDNA using CLs initially requires the determination of the effective charge of both. The electrochemical study confirms that CLs with a delocalizable positive charge in their headgroups yield an effective positive charge that is 90% of their expected nominal one, while pDNA is compacted yielding an effective negative charge which is only 10-25% than that of the linear DNA. SAXS diffractograms show that lipoplexes formed by CLs with shorter spacer (n = 2, 3, or 5) present three lamellar structures, two of them in coexistence, while those formed by CL with longest spacer (n = 12) present two additional inverted hexagonal structures. Cryo-TEM micrographs show nanoaggregates with two multilamellar structures, a cluster-type (at low α value) and a fingerprint-type, that coexist with the cluster-type at moderate α composition. The optimized transfection efficiency (TE) of pDNA, in HEK293T, HeLa, and H1299 cells was higher using lipoplexes containing gemini CLs with shorter spacers at low α value. Each lipid formulation did not show any significant levels of toxicity, the reported lipoplexes being adequate DNA vectors for gene therapy and considerably better than both Lipofectamine 2000 and CLs of the 1,2-bis(hexadecyl ammnoniun) alkane series, recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Departments of ‡Organic Chemistry and ⊥Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , 560012 Bangalore, India
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Buse J, Badea I, Verrall RE, El-Aneed A. A general liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of diquaternary ammonium gemini surfactant drug delivery agents in mouse keratinocytes’ cellular lysate. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1294:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silva SG, Alves C, Cardoso AMS, Jurado AS, Pedroso de Lima MC, Vale MLC, Marques EF. Synthesis of Gemini Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Interfacial and Cytotoxic Properties: Exploring the Multifunctionality of Serine as Headgroup. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rubio-Magnieto J, Luis SV, Orlof M, Korchowiec B, Sautrey G, Rogalska E. Effects of gemini amphiphilic pseudopeptides on model lipid membranes: A Langmuir monolayer study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:659-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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