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Murakami T, Shigeki S. Pharmacotherapy for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4674. [PMID: 38731893 PMCID: PMC11083137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids (KD) and hypertrophic scars (HTS), which are quite raised and pigmented and have increased vascularization and cellularity, are formed due to the impaired healing process of cutaneous injuries in some individuals having family history and genetic factors. These scars decrease the quality of life (QOL) of patients greatly, due to the pain, itching, contracture, cosmetic problems, and so on, depending on the location of the scars. Treatment/prevention that will satisfy patients' QOL is still under development. In this article, we review pharmacotherapy for treating KD and HTS, including the prevention of postsurgical recurrence (especially KD). Pharmacotherapy involves monotherapy using a single drug and combination pharmacotherapy using multiple drugs, where drugs are administered orally, topically and/or through intralesional injection. In addition, pharmacotherapy for KD/HTS is sometimes combined with surgical excision and/or with physical therapy such as cryotherapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy including brachytherapy, and silicone gel/sheeting. The results regarding the clinical effectiveness of each mono-pharmacotherapy for KD/HTS are not always consistent but rather scattered among researchers. Multimodal combination pharmacotherapy that targets multiple sites simultaneously is more effective than mono-pharmacotherapy. The literature was searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Online search engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Murakami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima 731-2631, Japan;
| | - Sadayuki Shigeki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima 731-2631, Japan
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Li XX, Yan Y, Zhang J, Ding K, Xia CY, Pan XG, Shi YJ, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. Hyperforin: A natural lead compound with multiple pharmacological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113526. [PMID: 36442576 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (Clusiaceae), commonly known as St. John's wort, has a rich historical background as one of the oldest and most widely studied herbal medicines. Hyperforin is the main antidepressant active ingredient of St. John's wort. In recent years, hyperforin has attached increasing attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities. In this review, the information on hyperforin was systematically summarized. Hyperforin is considered to be a lead compound with diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes and others. It can be obtained by extraction and synthesis. Further pharmacological studies and more precise detection methods will help develop a value for hyperforin. In addition, structural modification and pharmaceutical preparation technology will be beneficial to promoting the research progress of hyperforin based innovative drugs. Although these works are full of known and unknown challenges, researchers are still expected to make hyperforin play a greater value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China; School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yan-Jing Shi
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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Tsou WH, Heinrich M, Booker A. Chinese and western herbal medicines for the topical treatment of psoriasis – A critical review of efficacy and safety. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Budantsev AL, Prikhodko VA, Varganova IV, Okovityi SV. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. (HYPERICACEAE): A REVIEW. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-1-17-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Budantsev
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science
2, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - V. A. Prikhodko
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
14, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - I. V. Varganova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science
2, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - S. V. Okovityi
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
14, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
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Zhu Z, Chen B, Peng L, Gao S, Guo J, Zhu X. Blockade of LINC01605-enriched exosome generation in M2 macrophages impairs M2 macrophage-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211016724. [PMID: 34011185 PMCID: PMC8150463 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211016724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated M2 macrophages are involved in hypertrophic scar (HS) formation via manipulating the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts having the proliferative capacity and biological function. However, the function of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages in HS formation is unclear. Thus, this study aims to investigate the role of exosomes derived by M2 in the formation of HS. To understand the effect of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages on formation of HS, M2 macrophages were co-cultured with human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate HDF proliferation. To evaluate the migration and invasion of HDFs, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays were performed, respectively. To investigate the interaction between LINC01605 and miR-493-3p, a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was adopted; consequently, an interaction between miR-493-3p and AKT1 was detected. Our results demonstrated that exosomes derived from M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HDFs. Additionally, we found that long noncoding RNA LINC01605, enriched in exosomes derived from M2 macrophages, promoted fibrosis of HDFs and that GW4869, an inhibitor of exosomes, could revert this effect. Mechanistically, LINC01605 promoted fibrosis of HDFs by directly inhibiting the secretion of miR-493-3p, and miR-493-3p down-regulated the expression of AKT1. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages promote the proliferation and migration of HDFs by transmitting LINC01605, which may activate the AKT signaling pathway by sponging miR-493-3p. Our results provide a novel approach and basis for further investigation of the function of M2 macrophages in HS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensen Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Songying Gao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingdong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongxiang Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Shinjyo N, Nakayama H, Li L, Ishimaru K, Hikosaka K, Suzuki N, Yoshida H, Norose K. Hypericum perforatum extract and hyperforin inhibit the growth of neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii and infection-induced inflammatory responses of glial cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113525. [PMID: 33129946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L. has been widely used as a natural antidepressant. However, it is unknown whether it is effective in treating infection-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to evaluate the effectiveness of H. perforatum against infection with neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, this study investigated the anti-Toxoplasma activity using in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried alcoholic extracts were prepared from three Hypericum species: H. perforatum, H. erectum, and H. ascyron. H. perforatum extract was further separated by solvent-partitioning. Hyperforin and hypericin levels in the extracts and fractions were analyzed by high resolution LC-MS. Anti-Toxoplasma activities were tested in vitro, using cell lines (Vero and Raw264), murine primary mixed glia, and primary neuron-glia. Toxoplasma proliferation and stage conversion were analyzed by qPCR. Infection-induced damages to the host cells were analyzed by Sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assay (Vero) and immunofluorescent microscopy (neurons). Infection-induced inflammatory responses in glial cells were analysed by qPCR and immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Hyperforin was identified only in H. perforatum among the three tested species, whereas hypericin was present in H. perforatum and H. erectum. H. perforatum extract and hyperforin-enriched fraction, as well as hyperforin, exhibited significant anti-Toxoplasma property as well as inhibitory activity against infection-induced inflammatory responses in glial cells. In addition, H. perforatum-derived hyperforin-enriched fraction restored neuro-supportive environment in mixed neuron-glia culture. CONCLUSIONS H. perforatum and its major constituent hyperforin are promising anti-Toxoplasma agents that could potentially protect neurons and glial cells against infection-induced damages. Further study is warranted to establish in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Nakayama
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 1-20 Hacchounawate, Saga, 849-0925, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kanji Ishimaru
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Hikosaka
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumi Norose
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols and their derivatives: structural modification, structure-activity relationship, biological activity and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112646. [PMID: 32791400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (BPAPs), the principal bioactive benzophenone products isolated from plants of genera Garcinia and Hypericum, have attracted noticeable attention from the synthetic and biological communities due to their fascinating chemical structures and promising biological activities. However, the potential drug interaction, undesired physiochemical properties and toxicity have limited their potential use and development. In the last decade, pharmaceutical research on the structural modifications, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms of action of BPAPs has been greatly developed to overcome the challenges. A comprehensive review of these scientific literature is extremely needed to give an overview of the rapidly emerging area and facilitate research related to BPAPs. This review, containing over 226 references, covers the progress made in the chemical synthesis-based structure modifications, SARs and the mechanism of action of BPAPs in vivo and vitro. The most relevant articles will focus on the discovery of lead compounds via synthetic modifications and the important BPAPs for which the direct targets have been deciphered. From this review, several key points of the SARs and mode of actions of this novel class of compounds have been summarized. The perspective and future direction of the research on BPAPs are concluded. This review would be helpful to get a better grasp of medicinal research of BPAPs and become a compelling guide for chemists dedicated to the synthesis of these compounds.
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Leskur D, Perišić I, Romac K, Šušak H, Šešelja Perišin A, Bukić J, Rušić D, Kladar N, Božin B, Modun D. Comparison of mechanical, chemical and physical human models of in vivo skin damage: Randomized controlled trial. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:208-216. [PMID: 32686217 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human in vivo models of skin damage were often used in research of cutaneous disorders. The most commonly used models were tape-stripping as mechanical, sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritation as chemical and ultraviolet radiation as physical damage model. In regard to differences between models, they were expected to have different responses to damage and recovery, with unique skin parameters' changes over time. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare skin parameters in three different skin damage models on the same anatomical location, with and without topical treatment. METHODS Four test sites on each forearm were randomly assigned to three skin damage models with the fourth sites on each forearm chosen as a control, undamaged site. Skin parameters were assessed using non-invasive methods. RESULTS Sodium lauryl sulphate irritation caused the strongest damage with delayed reaction to the irritant. Tape stripping leads to highest initial skin barrier disruption but afterwards it showed the fastest skin recovery. Ultraviolet radiation did not affect skin barrier function, but it elevated skin erythema and melanin level. Tested preparation did not lead to changes in measured parameters. CONCLUSION The skin of the participants had different response to three skin damage models with distinct changes of skin parameters and recovery. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT03783819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leskur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Perišić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Kristina Romac
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Helena Šušak
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Šešelja Perišin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josipa Bukić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Doris Rušić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Biljana Božin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darko Modun
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Le X, Wu WW. The therapeutic effect of Interleukin-18 on hypertrophic scar through inducing Fas ligand expression. Burns 2020; 47:430-438. [PMID: 32782165 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among downstream interleukin-18 (IL-18) targets, Fas ligand (FasL) in particular, has been strongly implicated in many conditions. Our study aims to explore the role of IL-18 in hypertrophic scar through enhancing FasL expression. METHODS IL-18 expression in hypertrophic scar tissues and normal tissues were explored by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting, and the expression of IL-18 in normal skin fibroblasts and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by immunofluorescence. Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts treated with recombinant human IL-18 (rhIL-18) were assessed with MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI, qRT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. In the hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears, rhIL-18 was injected to determine histological changes with HE and Masson staining. Additionally, the scars were rated based on contour and overall severity using a visual analog scale scores (VAS). RESULTS IL-18 was decreased in hypertrophic scar tissues and fibroblasts compared to normal skin tissues and fibroblasts, respectively. Decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts were found after rhIL-18 treatment with enhanced expression of FasL, sFasL FADD, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. The VAS and thickness of scars in rabbit ears was decreased as time went on after rhIL-18 treatment, with decreases in scar elevation index (SEI) and the increases in FasL expression. CONCLUSION IL-18 curbs proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by enhancing FasL expression. IL-18is a potential target for treatment of hypertrophic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Le
- Department of Burn, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wu
- Department of Burn, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Shao T, Tang W, Li Y, Gao D, Lv K, He P, Song Y, Gao S, Liu M, Chen Y, Yi Z. Research on function and mechanisms of a novel small moleculeWG449E for hypertrophic scar. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:608-618. [PMID: 31650631 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Shao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - W. Tang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
- School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Y. Li
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - D. Gao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - K. Lv
- Department of Burn Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - P. He
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Y. Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi China
| | - S. Gao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - M. Liu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Y. Chen
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Z. Yi
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
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Wang S, Li C, Yu Y, Qiao J. Decreased expression of microRNA-145 promotes the biological functions of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scar tissues by upregulating the expression of transcription factor SOX-9. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3450-3460. [PMID: 31602220 PMCID: PMC6777315 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the expression of microRNA (miRNA or miR)-145 in hypertrophic scars at the tissue and cellular levels, and to investigate its biological functions and mechanism of action. A total of 36 patients who were diagnosed with hypertrophic scar were included in the present study. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of miR-145 in tissues and fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts were transfected with negative control miRNA, miR-145 mimics or inhibitor. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to determine the level of proliferation of fibroblasts. Flow cytometry was employed for cell cycles determination and apoptosis in fibroblasts. A Matrigel assay was used to evaluate the invasion ability of fibroblasts. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of the transcription factor SOX-9 (SOX-9) protein in fibroblasts. Rescue experiments were performed to examine the effect of SOX-9 on the regulation of fibroblasts by miR-145. The dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the direct interaction between SOX-9 and miR-145. The expression of miR-145 was reduced in hypertrophic tissues and fibroblasts. Overexpression of miR-145 inhibited the proliferation, G1/S phase transition and invasion of fibroblasts, and promoted the apoptosis of fibroblasts. In addition, overexpression of miR-145 inhibited SOX-9 protein expression. By contrast, the expression of SOX-9 reversed the effects of miR-145 on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion of fibroblasts. The miR-145 seed region was able to bind with the 3′-untranslated region of the SOX-9 mRNA to regulate its expression. The present study demonstrated that miR-145 expression is reduced in hypertrophic scar tissues and negatively associated with SOX-9 expression. In addition, miR-145 inhibits the proliferation, cell cycle and invasion, and promotes the apoptosis of fibroblasts by down-regulating the expression of SOX-9. The current study provides a potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujie Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Gaid M, Grosch JH, Möller S, Beerhues L, Krull R. Toward enhanced hyperforin production in St. John's wort root cultures. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:916-930. [PMID: 32624982 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, several trials targeted a stable, sustainable and economic production of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) extract. The value of this extract stems from its use to treat depression and skin irritation due to its hyperforin content. Previously, hyperforin-forming in vitro root cultures were established. Here, detailed growth and production kinetics have been analyzed over 40 days of cultivation. In the first 10 days, sucrose was completely hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose. The ammonium consumption supported the increase in the biomass and hyperforin production. When sucrose was replaced with glucose/fructose, the linear growth phase started 6 days earlier and resulted in a higher space-time-yield. The maximum hyperforin production was 0.82 mg L-1 day-1, which was 67 % higher than in the sucrose-supplemented standard cultivation. Buffering the sucrose-supplemented medium with phosphate caused a 2.7-fold increase in the product to biomass yield coefficient. However, the combination of monosaccharides and buffering conditions did not cause an appreciable improvements in the production performance of the shake flask approaches. A potential scalability from flask to lab-scale stirred bioreactors has been demonstrated. The results obtained offer a basis for a scalable production of hyperforin and a sustainable source for a tissue culture-based phytomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Grosch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Steve Möller
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
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Tresch M, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Melzig M, Roosje P, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal plants as therapeutic options for topical treatment in canine dermatology? A systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:174. [PMID: 31133058 PMCID: PMC6537371 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants have been used traditionally since centuries for wound care and treatment of skin diseases both in human and animals. Skin diseases are one of the most common reasons for owners to take their dog to the veterinarian. The demands for treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases are broad. A wide range of bacteria including antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be involved, making the treatment challenging and bear an anthropo-zoonotic potential. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate based on recent scientific literature, the potential of four medicinal plants to enrich the therapeutic options in pyoderma, canine atopic dermatitis, otitis externa, wounds and dermatophytosis in dogs. Results Based on four books and a survey among veterinarians specialized in phytotherapy, four medicinal plants were chosen as the subject of this systematic review: Calendula officinalis L. (Marigold), Hypericum perforatum L. agg. (St. John’s Wort), Matricaria chamomilla L. (syn. Matricaria recutita L., Chamomile) and Salvia officinalis L. (Sage). According to the PRISMA statement through literature research on two online databases a total of 8295 publications was screened and narrowed down to a final 138 publications for which full-text documents were analyzed for its content resulting in a total of 145 references (21 clinical, 24 in vivo and 100 in vitro references). Conclusions All four plants were proven to have antibacterial and antifungal effects of a rather broad spectrum including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This makes them an interesting new option for the treatment of pyoderma, otitis externa, infected wounds and dermatophytosis. Marigold, St. John’s Wort and Chamomile showed wound-healing properties and are thus promising candidates in line to fill the therapeutic gap in canine wound-healing agents. St. John’s Wort and Chamomile also showed anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects on healthy skin. Due to the wide range of beneficial effects of these medicinal plants, they should be taken into account for the treatment of dermatologic diseases in dogs at least in future clinical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tresch
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postbox 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Melzig
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postbox 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
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Biotechnological production of hyperforin for pharmaceutical formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:10-26. [PMID: 28377273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperforin is a major active constituent of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort). It has amazing pharmacological activities, such as antidepressant properties, but it is labile and difficult to synthesize. Its sensitivity and lipophilicity are challenges for processing and formulation. Its chemical complexity provokes approaches of biotechnological production and modification. Dedifferentiated H. perforatum cell cultures lack appropriate storage sites and hence appreciable hyperforin levels. Shoot cultures are capable of forming hyperforin but less suitable for biomass up-scaling in bioreactors. Roots commonly lack hyperforin but a recently established adventitious root line has been demonstrated to produce hyperforin and derivatives at promising levels. The roots also contained lupulones, the typical constituents of hop (Humulus lupulus). Although shear-sensitive, these root cultures provide a potential production platform for both individual compounds and extracts with novel combinations of constituents and pharmacological activities. Besides in vitro cultivation techniques, the reconstruction of hyperforin biosynthesis in microorganisms is a promising alternative for biotechnological production. The biosynthetic pathway is under study, with omics-technologies being increasingly implemented. These biotechnological approaches may not only yield hyperforin at reasonable productivity but also allow for modifications of its chemical structure and pharmacological profile.
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