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Afika N, Saniy AF, Fawwaz D AA, Ko CK, Kamran R, Permana AD. Application of validated UV spectrophotometric and colorimetric method to quantify minoxidil in the development of trilayer dissolving microneedle: Proof of concept in ex vivo and in vivo studies in rats. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:531-544. [PMID: 38135037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune-induced hair loss condition, by utilizing MNX, a hair growth-promoting compound. However, minoxidil (MNX) administration's efficacy is hindered by low bioavailability and adverse effects. To enhance its delivery, Trilayer Dissolving Microneedles (TDMN) are introduced, enabling controlled drug release. The study's primary was to establish a validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method for Minoxidil analysis in rat skin affected by alopecia areata. This method adheres to International Conference Harmonization (ICH) and FDA guidelines, encompassing accuracy, precision, linearity, quantification limit (QL), and detection limit (DL). The validation method was conducted through two approaches, namely UV region validation using PBS and the colorimetric method in the visible region (Vis). The validated approach is then employed for assessing in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Results indicate superior MNX extraction recovery using methanol compared to acetonitrile. Method C (5mL methanol) is optimal, offering high recovery with minimal solvent usage. Precision assessments demonstrate %RSD values within MNX guidelines (≤15%), affirming accuracy and reproducibility. UV-Vis spectroscopy quantifies MNX integration into TDMN, using PVA-PVP, with concentrations aligning with ICH standards (95% to 105%). In conclusion, TDMN holds promise for enhancing MNX delivery, mitigating bioavailability and side effect challenges. The validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method effectively analyzes MNX in skin tissues, providing insights into AA treatment and establishing a robust analytical foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Rayu Kamran
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Hasanuddin University, Department of Pharmacy, Perintis Kemerdekaan No. 10, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia.
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He Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Guo T, Ai X, He Y, Hou X, Feng N. Synergistic treatment of androgenetic alopecia with follicular co-delivery of minoxidil and cedrol in metal-organic frameworks stabilized by covalently cross-linked cyclodextrins. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123948. [PMID: 38417724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. The main clinical therapeutic agent, minoxidil tincture, is challenged by solvent irritation and dose-dependent side effects. Our recent work has identified a biosafety natural product, cedrol, that is synergistic in combination with minoxidil, thereby improving medication safety by substantially reducing the clinical dose of minoxidil. In addition, ccross-linked CD-MOF were designed as carriers for hair follicle delivery, and γ-CD in the carriers was cross-linked by diphenyl carbonate with covalent bonds to protect the CD-MOF from rapid disintegration in an aqueous environment. This improved nanocarrier has a drug loading of 25%, whereas nanocarriers increased drug delivery to the hair follicles through ratchet effect, and increased human dermal papilla cells uptake of drugs via endocytosis pathways mainly mediated by lattice proteins, energy-dependent active transport, and lipid raft-dependent, thus improved cell viability, proliferation, and migration, followed by significantly enhancing the anti-androgenetic alopecia effect, with cedrol focusing on inhibiting 5α-reductase and activating Shh/Gli pathway, and minoxidil, which up-regulated VEGF, down-regulated TGF-β, and activated ERK/AKT pathway. This drug combination provides a new therapeutic strategy for androgenetic alopecia, while the newly developed cross-linked CD-MOF has been shown to serve as a promising follicular delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenda Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Akhtar A, Waqas MK, Mahmood A, Tanvir S, Hussain T, Kazi M, Ijaz M, Asim MH. Development and Characterization of Thiolated Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery of Minoxidil. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2716. [PMID: 38140057 PMCID: PMC10748369 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research was to prepare adhesive nanoparticles for the topical application of Minoxidil (MXD). METHODS Thiolated β-CDs were prepared via conjugation of cysteamine with oxidized CDs. MXD was encapsulated within thiolated and unmodified β-CDs. Ionic gelation method was used to prepare nanoparticles (Thio-NP and blank NP) of CDs with chitosan. Nanoparticles were analyzed for size and zetapotential. Inclusion complexes were characterized via FTIR. Drug dissolution studies were carried out. An in vitro adhesion study over human hair was performed. An in vivo skin irritation study was performed. Ex vivo drug uptake was evaluated by using a Franz diffusion cell. RESULTS Thiolated β-CDs presented 1804.68 ± 25 μmol/g thiol groups and 902.34 ± 25 μmol/g disulfide bonds. Nanoparticles displayed particle sizes within a range of 231 ± 07 nm to 354 ± 13 nm. The zeta potential was in the range of -8.1 ± 02 mV, +16.0 ± 05 mV. FTIR analyses confirmed no interaction between the excipients and drug. Delayed drug release was observed from Thio-NP. Thio-NP retained over hair surfaces for a significantly longer time. Similarly, drug retention was significantly improved. Thio-NP displayed no irritation over rabbit skin. CONCLUSION Owing to the above results, nanoparticles developed with MXD-loaded thiolated β-CDs might be a potential drug delivery system for topical scalp diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.)
| | | | - Arshad Mahmood
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC), Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saira Tanvir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripha International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Talib Hussain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.)
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defense Road, 1.5 Km Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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da Silva Prado L, Grivicich I, Miri JM, Charão MF, Bonfada A, Endres da Rocha G, Bondan da Silva J, Menezes Boaretto FB, Garcia ALH, da Silva J, Picada JN. Toxicological assessment of minoxidil: A drug with therapeutic potential besides alopecia. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114211. [PMID: 38007212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Minoxidil is regularly prescribed for alopecia, and its therapeutic potential has expanded in recent times. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate its toxicity, and controversial findings regarding its mutagenic activities remain unsolved. This study aimed to access cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties of minoxidil using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, comet assay, and micronucleus test in mouse fibroblast (L929) cells and its point mutation induction potential in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Furthermore, an in vivo toxicity assessment was conducted in Caenorhabditis elegans. Minoxidil showed cytotoxicity at 2.0 mg/mL in MTT assay. Genotoxicity was observed after 3 h treatment in L929 cells using comet assay. No mutagenic effect was observed in both the micronucleus test and the Salmonella/microsome assay. The lethal dose 50 in C. elegans was determined to be 1.75 mg/mL, and a delay in body development was detected at all concentrations. In conclusion, minoxidil induces DNA damage only in early treatment, implying that this DNA damage may be repairable. This observation corroborates the absence of mutagenic activities observed in L929 cells and Salmonella typhimurium strains. However, the toxicity of minoxidil was evident in both C. elegans and L929 cells, underscoring the need for caution in its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lismare da Silva Prado
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Machado Miri
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, ERS-239, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bonfada
- Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, ERS-239, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Endres da Rocha
- Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, ERS-239, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bondan da Silva
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brião Menezes Boaretto
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, LaSalle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, LaSalle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Attimonelli M, Tinelli A, Passantino G, Antonacci M, Ranieri G, Tricarico D. Immunohistochemical, pharmacovigilance, and omics analyses reveal the involvement of ATP-sensitive K + channel subunits in cancers: role in drug-disease interactions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1115543. [PMID: 37180726 PMCID: PMC10167295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ATP-sensitive-K+ channels (KATP) are involved in diseases, but their role in cancer is poorly described. Pituitary macroadenoma has been observed in Cantu' syndrome (C.S.), which is associated with the gain-of-function mutations of the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes. We tested the role of the ABCC8/Sur1, ABCC9/Sur2A/B, KCNJ11/Kir6.2, and KCNJ8/Kir6.1 genes experimentally in a minoxidil-induced renal tumor in male rats and in the female canine breast cancer, a spontaneous animal model of disease, and in the pharmacovigilance and omics databases. Methods: We performed biopsies from renal tissues of male rats (N = 5) following a sub-chronic high dosing topical administration of minoxidil (0.777-77.7 mg/kg/day) and from breast tissues of female dogs for diagnosis (N = 23) that were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Pharmacovigilance and omics data were extracted from EudraVigilance and omics databases, respectively. Results: An elevated immunohistochemical reactivity to Sur2A-mAb was detected in the cytosol of the Ki67+/G3 cells other than in the surface membrane in the minoxidil-induced renal tumor and the breast tumor samples. KCNJ11, KCNJ8, and ABCC9 genes are upregulated in cancers but ABCC8 is downregulated. The Kir6.2-Sur2A/B-channel opener minoxidil showed 23 case reports of breast cancer and one case of ovarian cancer in line with omics data reporting, respectively, and the negative and positive prognostic roles of the ABCC9 gene in these cancers. Sulfonylureas and glinides blocking the pancreatic Kir6.2-Sur1 subunits showed a higher risk for pancreatic cancer in line with the positive prognostic role of the ABCC8 gene but low risks for common cancers. Glibenclamide, repaglinide, and glimepiride show a lower cancer risk within the KATP channel blockers. The Kir6.2-Sur1 opener diazoxide shows no cancer reactions. Conclusion: An elevated expression of the Sur2A subunit was found in proliferating cells in two animal models of cancer. Immunohistochemistry/omics/pharmacovigilance data reveal the role of the Kir6.1/2-Sur2A/B subunits as a drug target in breast/renal cancers and in C.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, I.R.C.C.S. Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Marcella Attimonelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University "Aldo Moro" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Marina Antonacci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Integrated Medical Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Makhlouf A, Elnawawy T. Hair regrowth boosting via minoxidil cubosomes: Formulation development, in vivo hair regrowth evaluation, histopathological examination and confocal laser microscopy imaging. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122665. [PMID: 36736676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Minoxidil has been used as an effective and cost-efficient topical treatment for androgenic alopecia. However, due to its poor water solubility, commercially available formulations contain alcohol and propylene glycol in a concentration that causes skin reactions such as irritation and dryness. Therefore, nanotechnology-based formulations can offer an alternative that might increase penetration and deposition of the drug in the skin while minimizing its adverse reactions. Minoxidil cubosomes (MXD-CUB) were prepared by melt dispersion emulsification technique according to full 23 factorial design. Three independent variables, namely, the dispersed phase concentration, glyceryl monooleate: Poloxamer 407 ratio and Tween 80 concentration were tested. Particle size, polydispersity index and the zeta potential were the dependent variables. The optimized formula was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and in vitro release test. In vivo study included Draize test, histopathological examination, hair regrowth efficacy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index of the optimal MXD-CUB were measured to be 131.10 ± 1.41 nm, -23.5 ± 0.42 mV and 0.185 ± 0.0, respectively, and its entrapment efficiency was 80.4 ± 4.04 %. Draize test and histopathological testing proved safety and tolerability of MXD-CUB. In vivo hair regrowth study revealed greater hair growth boosting effect of the prepared cubosomes compared to minoxidil solution. CLSM proved superior penetration and retention of rhodamine B-loaded cubosomes in the skin compared to rhodamine B solution. Therefore, MXD-CUB can be a safe and effective dosage form for minoxidil that overcome the drawbacks of the commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Makhlouf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tayseer Elnawawy
- Department of pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Makky AMA, S El-Leithy E, Hussein DG, Khattab A. A Full Factorial Design to Optimize Aminexil Nano Lipid Formulation to Improve Skin Permeation and Efficacy Against Alopecia. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:40. [PMID: 36653508 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminexil (AMX) is considered to be one of the most widely used hair growth promoters. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are employed to increase the permeation of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Aminexil nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) designed by pre-emulsion/ultrasonication method was utilized for alopecia treatment. For selecting optimum excipients, a solubility study was executed in liquid lipids, solid lipids, surfactants, and co-surfactants. A 23 full factorial design was utilized for NLC optimization. Characterization of the developed formulas was performed. The penetration of the optimized formula across cuticle tissues was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). AMX showed high solubility in glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and stearic acid, 28.87 ± 2.17 and 58.06 ± 2.227 mg/g, respectively. The results of physicochemical characterization showed that formula A7 was the optimized one. It is composed of GMS (solid lipid), oleic acid:garlic oil (1:1 v/v) (liquid lipid), and a surfactant/co-surfactant mixture (Cremophor EL/Transcutol HP). The particle size (PS) was 238.0 ± 2.13 nm, entrapment efficiency (EE) 100.535 ± 6.73%, and zeta potential (ZP) - 29.3 ± 0.93 mv. Ex vivo permeation study demonstrates the potential of AMX-NLC (formula A7) as a delivery system for AMX. The CLSM highly proved AMX-loaded NLC penetration through the skin. The histological study clearly demonstrated that AMX-loaded NLC promoted hair growth more effectively than the market product in chemotherapy-induced alopecia rats. The acquired findings revealed that targeting of AMX-loaded NLC into hair follicles was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna M A Makky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman S El-Leithy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Doaa Galaa Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khattab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Saleem K, Siddiqui B, .ur.Rehman A, Taqi MM, Ahmed N. Exploiting Recent Trends in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia through Topical Nanocarriers of Minoxidil. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:292. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lima SG, Pinho LA, Sa-Barreto LL, Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T, Cunha-Filho M. Granules of finasteride and cyclodextrin obtained by hot-melt extrusion to target the hair follicles. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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In silico and in vitro study of epiisopiloturine/ hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes obtained by different methods. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baveloni FG, Riccio BVF, Di Filippo LD, Fernandes MA, Meneguin AB, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Systems as Potential for Skin Application: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3216-3248. [PMID: 32867631 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200831125656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Administration of substances through the skin represents a promising alternative, in relation to other drug administration routes, due to its large body surface area, in order to offer ideal and multiple sites for drug administration. In addition, the administration of drugs through the skin avoids the first-pass metabolism, allowing an increase in the bioavailability of drugs, as well as reducing their side effects. However, the stratum corneum (SC) comprises the main barrier of protection against external agents, mainly due to its structure, composition and physicochemical properties, becoming the main limitation for the administration of substances through the skin. In view of the above, pharmaceutical technology has allowed the development of multiple drug delivery systems (DDS), which include liquid crystals (LC), cubosomes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), nanoemulsions (NE), as well as cyclodextrins (CD) and dendrimers (DND). It appears that the DDS circumvents the problems of drug absorption through the SC layer of the skin, ensuring the release of the drug, as well as optimizing the therapeutic effect locally. This review aims to highlight the DDS that include LC, cubosomes, lipid systems, PNP, as well as CD and DND, to optimize topical skin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Garcia Baveloni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 01, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vincenzo Fiod Riccio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 01, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Delello Di Filippo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 01, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Mariza Aires Fernandes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 01, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 01, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km 01, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-903, Brazil
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Ntshingila S, Khumalo NP, Engel M, Arowolo AT. An appraisal of laboratory models of androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e15. [PMID: 35664985 PMCID: PMC9060143 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of non‐scarring alopecia in humans. Several studies have used different laboratory models to study the pathogenesis and interventions for AGA. These study models have proved beneficial and have led to the approval of two drugs. However, the need to build on existing knowledge remains by examining the relevance of study models to the disease. Objective We sought to appraise laboratory or pre‐clinical models of AGA. Method We searched through databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, World CAT, Scopus and Google Scholar) for articles on AGA‐related studies from 1942 to March 2019 with a focus on study models. Results The search rendered 101 studies after screening and deduplication. Several studies (70) used in vitro models, mostly consisting of two‐dimensional monolayer cells for experiments involving the characterization of androgen and 5‐alpha reductase (5AR) and inhibition thereof, the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and biomarker(s) of AGA. Twenty‐seven studies used in vivo models of mice and monkeys to investigate DHT synthesis, the expression and inhibition of 5AR and hair growth. Only four studies used AGA‐related or healthy excisional/punch biopsy explants as ex vivo models to study the action of 5AR inhibitors and AGA‐associated genes. No study used three‐dimensional [3‐D] organoids or organotypic human skin culture models. Conclusion We recommend clinically relevant laboratory models like human or patient‐derived 3‐D organoids or organotypic skin in AGA‐related studies. These models are closer to human scalp tissue and minimize the use of laboratory animals and could ultimately facilitate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ntshingila
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - N. P. Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - M. Engel
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - A. T. Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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13
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Špaglová M, Čuchorová M, Čierna M, Poništ S, Bauerová K. Microemulsions as Solubilizers and Penetration Enhancers for Minoxidil Release from Gels. Gels 2021; 7:gels7010026. [PMID: 33802416 PMCID: PMC7931056 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanoemulsions are potential drug solubilizers and penetration enhancers through the high surfactant/co-surfactant content. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of minoxidil (MXD) solubilized in the microemulsions (MEs) on drug release by in vitro/ex vivo diffusion through the semi-permeable membrane Spectra/Por® (Spectrum Laboratory, Gardena, CA, USA) and porcine ear skin. Moreover, a residual amount of drug in the skin after ex vivo diffusion was evaluated. The reference MER, lecithin-containing MEL, and gelatin-containing MEG were characterized in terms of their size, polydispersity index, density, viscosity, electrical conductivity and surface tension. Based on the in vitro diffusion, it can be argued that MEL slowed down the drug release, while MER and MEG have no significant effect compared to the sample, in which propylene glycol (PG) was used as a solubilizer. Determination of the residual drug amount in the skin after 6 h of the ex vivo permeation was demonstrated as the most valuable method to evaluate the effectiveness of the ME’s application. The results indicate that the most optimal MXD permeation enhancers in alginate gel were the natural surfactants containing MEs. MXD solubilization in MEG and MEL had caused more than 5% of the drug remaining in the skin, which is almost a 1.5-fold higher amount compared to the reference gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Špaglová
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (M.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-02-50-117-263
| | - Mária Čuchorová
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (M.Č.)
| | - Martina Čierna
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (M.Č.)
| | - Silvester Poništ
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarína Bauerová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.P.); (K.B.)
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Ci F, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Mao X. Properties and potential applications of mannuronan C5-epimerase: A biotechnological tool for modifying alginate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 168:663-675. [PMID: 33220370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the excellent characteristics of alginate, it is an industrially important polysaccharide. Mannuronan C5-epimerase (MC5E) is an alginate-modifying enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of β-D-mannuronate (M) to its C5 epimer α-L-guluronate (G) in alginate. Both the biological activities and physical properties of alginate are determined by M/G ratios and distribution patterns. Therefore, MC5E is regarded as a biotechnological tool for modifying and processing alginate. Various MC5Es derived from brown algae, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter have been isolated and characterized. With the rapid development of structural biology, the crystal structures and catalytic mechanisms of several MC5Es have been elucidated. It is necessary to comprehensively understand the research status of this alginate-modifying enzyme. In this review, the properties and potential applications of MC5Es isolated from different kinds of organisms are summarized and reviewed. Moreover, future research directions of MC5Es as well as strategies to enhance their properties are elucidated, highlighted, and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ci
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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15
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Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Mele A, Denora N, Passantino G, Scala R, Cutrignelli A, Tinelli A, Laquintana V, la Forgia F, Fontana S, Franco M, Lopedota AA, Tricarico D. The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-minoxidil inclusion complex improves the cardiovascular and proliferative adverse effects of minoxidil in male rats: Implications in the treatment of alopecia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00585. [PMID: 32378360 PMCID: PMC7203570 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of minoxidil (MXD) ethanolic solutions (1%-5% w/v) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia is limited by adverse reactions. The toxicological effects of repeated topical applications of escalating dose (0.035%-3.5% w/v) and of single and twice daily doses (3.5% w/v) of a novel hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin MXD GEL formulation (MXD/HP-β-CD) and a MXD solution were investigated in male rats. The cardiovascular effects were evaluated by telemetric monitoring of ECG and arterial pressure in free-moving rats. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiac morphology and function, and histopathological and biochemical analysis of the tissues, were performed. A pharmacovigilance investigation was undertaken using the EudraVigilance database for the evaluation of the potential cancer-related effects of topical MXD. Following the application of repeated escalating doses of MXD solution, cardiac hypertrophy, hypotension, enhanced serum natriuretic peptides and K+ -ion levels, serum liver biomarkers, and histological lesions including renal cancer were observed. In addition, the administration of a twice daily dose of MXD solution, at SF rat vs human = 311, caused reductions in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure of the rats (-30.76 ± 3%, -28.84 ± 4%, and -30.66 ± 5%, respectively, vs the baseline; t test P < .05). These effects were not reversible following washout of the MXD solution. Retrospective investigation showed 32 cases of cancer associated with the use of topical MXD in humans. The rats treated with MXD HP-β-CD were less severely affected. MXD causes proliferative adverse effects. The MXD HP-β-CD inclusion complex reduces these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Rosa Scala
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Flavia la Forgia
- Farmalabor s.r.I.Centro di Ricerca “Dr. Sergio Fontana 1900‐1982”Canosa di PugliaItaly
| | - Sergio Fontana
- Farmalabor s.r.I.Centro di Ricerca “Dr. Sergio Fontana 1900‐1982”Canosa di PugliaItaly
| | - Massimo Franco
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
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Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a multifactorial and age-related condition characterized by substantial hair loss affecting both men and women. Conventional treatments include the use of topical minoxidil (MNX) formulations to stimulate hair growth and restore hair condition. However, those treatments are associated with limited performance and a lack of tolerability and compliance due to the emergence of adverse effects. Considering that the development of nanotechnology-based formulations as hair loss therapeutic strategies has been clearly growing, topical MNX delivery by means of these innovative formulations is known to enhance MNX skin permeation and depot formation into hair follicles, allowing for MNX-controlled release, increased MNX skin bioavailability and enhanced therapeutic efficacy with minimal adverse effects. This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology-based MNX delivery formulations for improved hair loss therapeutics, including a thorough assessment of their in vitro and in vivo performances, as well as regulatory and nanosafety considerations.
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Alsalhi W, Alalola A, Randolph M, Gwillim E, Tosti A. Novel drug delivery approaches for the management of hair loss. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:287-295. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1723543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alsalhi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Alalola
- Department of Dermatology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Randolph
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eran Gwillim
- Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kochar P, Nayak K, Thakkar S, Polaka S, Khunt D, Misra M. Exploring the potential of minoxidil tretinoin liposomal based hydrogel for topical delivery in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:43-53. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1694032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Kochar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Kritika Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Shreya Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Suryanarayan Polaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
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Dasatinib/HP-β-CD Inclusion Complex Based Aqueous Formulation as a Promising Tool for the Treatment of Paediatric Neuromuscular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030591. [PMID: 30704045 PMCID: PMC6386909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New scientific findings have recently shown that dasatinib (DAS), the first-choice oral drug in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for adult patients who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib, is also potentially useful in the paediatric age. Moreover, recent preclinical evidences suggest that this drug could be useful for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, since it targets cSrc tyrosin kinase. Based on these considerations, the purpose of this work was to use the strategy of complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in order to obtain an aqueous preparation of DAS, which is characterized by a low water solubility (6.49 × 10−4 mg/mL). Complexation studies demonstrated that HP-β-CD is able to form a stable host-guest inclusion complex with DAS with a 1:1 apparent formation constant of 922.13 M−1, as also demonstrated by the Job’s plot, with an increase in DAS aqueous solubility of about 21 times in the presence of 6% w/v of HP-β-CD (0.014 mg/mL). The inclusion complex has been prepared in the solid state by lyophilization and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques, and its dissolution profile was studied at different pH values. Moreover, in view of potential use of DAS for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the cytotoxic effect of the inclusion complex has been assessed on C2C12 cells, a murine muscle satellite cell line. In parallel, a one-week oral treatment was performed in wild type C57Bl/6J mice to test both palatability and the exposure levels of the new oral formulation of the compound. In conclusion, this new inclusion complex could allow the development of a liquid and solvent free formulation to be administered both orally and parenterally, especially in the case of an administration in paediatric age.
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20
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Russo MG, Baldoni HA, Dávila YA, Brusau EV, Ellena JA, Narda GE. Rational Design of a Famotidine-Ibuprofen Coamorphous System: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8772-8782. [PMID: 30160964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Famotidine (FMT) and ibuprofen (IBU) were used as model drugs to obtain coamorphous systems, where the guanidine moiety of the antacid and the carboxylic group of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug could potentially participate in H-bonds leading to a given structural motif. The systems were prepared in 3:7, 1:1, and 7:3 FMT and IBU molar ratios, respectively. The latter two became amorphous after 180 min of comilling. FMT-IBU (1:1) exhibited a higher physical stability in assays at 4, 25, and 40 °C up to 60 days. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy accounted for important modifications in the vibrational behavior of those functional groups, allowing us to ascribe the skill of 1:1 FMT-IBU for remaining amorphous to equimolar interactions between both components. Density functional theory calculations followed by quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis were then conducted to support the presence of the expected FMT-IBU heterodimer with consequent formation of a R228 structural motif. The electron density (ρ) and its Laplacian (∇2ρ) values suggested a high strength of the specific intermolecular interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations to build an amorphous assembly, followed by radial distribution function analysis on the modeled phase were further employed. The results demonstrate that it is a feasible rational design of a coamorphous system, satisfactorily stabilized by molecular-level interactions leading to the expected motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Russo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
| | - Hector A Baldoni
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL-UNSL), CONICET , Italia 1556 , D5700HHW San Luis , Argentina
| | - Yamina A Dávila
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
| | - Elena V Brusau
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
| | - Javier A Ellena
- Instituto de Fisica de São Carlos , Universidad de São Paulo , CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Griselda E Narda
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
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21
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Kumar P, Singh SK, Handa V, Kathuria H. Oleic Acid Nanovesicles of Minoxidil for Enhanced Follicular Delivery. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030103. [PMID: 30223446 PMCID: PMC6165169 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current topical minoxidil (MXD) formulations involve an unpleasant organic solvent which causes patient incompliance in addition to side effects in some cases. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an MXD formulation providing enhanced follicular delivery and reduced side effects. Oleic acid, being a safer material, was utilized to prepare the nanovesicles, which were characterized for size, entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and morphology. The nanovesicles were incorporated into the emugel Sepineo® P 600 (2% w/v) to provide better longer contact time with the scalp and improve physical stability. The formulation was evaluated for in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug permeation, and drug deposition studies. Follicular deposition of the vesicles was also evaluated using a differential tape stripping technique and elucidated using confocal microscopy. The optimum oleic acid vesicles measured particle size was 317 ± 4 nm, with high entrapment efficiency (69.08 ± 3.07%), narrow PDI (0.203 ± 0.01), and a negative zeta potential of −13.97 ± 0.451. The in vitro drug release showed the sustained release of MXD from vesicular gel. The skin permeation and deposition studies revealed superiority of the prepared MXD vesicular gel (0.2%) in terms of MXD deposition in the stratum corneum (SC) and remaining skin over MXD lotion (2%), with enhancement ratios of 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. The follicular deposition of MXD was 10-fold higher for vesicular gel than the control. Confocal microscopy also confirmed the higher absorption of rhodamine via vesicular gel into hair follicles as compared to the control. Overall, the current findings demonstrate the potential of oleic acid vesicles for effective targeted skin and follicular delivery of MXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Vandana Handa
- School of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad 201206, India.
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Abstract
This chapter presents an outline of the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano drug delivery systems. Of particular importance is the evaluation of several key factors to design nontoxic and effective nanoformulations. Among them, we focus on nanostructure materials and synthesis methods, mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, treatment of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nanostability. Emphasis is given to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used to assess and predict the toxicity of these new formulations. Additionally, some examples of in vitro and in vivo studies of specific nanoderivatives are also presented in this chapter.
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