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Awashra A, Nouri A, Hamdan A, Said H, Rajab I, Hussein A, Abu Rmilah A. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Focus on Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiol Rev 2025:00045415-990000000-00473. [PMID: 40262019 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disorder with significant cardiovascular implications, particularly in its association with atrial fibrillation (AF). As the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, AF contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality, making it essential to explore its links with MASLD. The relationship between these conditions is underpinned by shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These processes drive atrial remodeling and electrical instability, predisposing individuals with MASLD to AF. Epidemiological studies further support this connection, showing an independent association between MASLD and an increased risk of AF, particularly in those with metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Beyond increasing AF susceptibility, MASLD may also influence disease progression and response to treatment, affecting anticoagulation safety, rhythm-control strategies, and the success of catheter ablation. Given these clinical implications, therapies targeting metabolic dysfunction-such as statins, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and structured lifestyle modifications-may offer dual benefits in mitigating both MASLD and AF risk. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the causal direction of this association, the impact of MASLD severity on AF burden, and the most effective management strategies for patients with both conditions. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies, mechanistic investigations, and randomized controlled trials to deepen our understanding of this relationship, ultimately guiding more personalized and integrated treatment approaches. Incorporating MASLD screening into cardiovascular risk assessment may enhance early detection and improve outcomes for at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Awashra
- From the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ahmad Nouri
- From the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Hamdan
- From the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hanin Said
- From the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Islam Rajab
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ
| | - Abdallah Hussein
- Internal Medicine Department, Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | - Anan Abu Rmilah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Vashi R, Joshi M, Patel BM. The therapeutic effect of NRF2 activator, ezetimibe, in cardiac cachexia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:1131-1142. [PMID: 39008964 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is caused by functional and structural irregularity leading to impaired ejection or filling capacity of the heart. HF leads to chronic inflammatory conditions in the heart leads to weight loss, anorexia, and muscle atrophy known as cachexia. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of Ezetimibe, an NRF2 activator, in cardiac cachexia and to develop a treatment strategy for cardiac cachexia. METHOD Balb/c mice of either sex at 6-8 weeks of age were given 2 mg/kg of doxorubicin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution intraperitoneally (i.p.) for the alternate days for the first week and then once a week for the next 4 weeks. After induction of cardiac atrophy, treatment with Ezetimibe (1.5 mg/kg, p.o) was given for the next 4 weeks. RESULT In the cardiac cachectic animals, a significant decrease in body weight, food, and water intake was observed. Cardiac cachectic animals showed a significant increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, VLDL, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP levels. Cardiac atrophic index, heart weight to body weight ratios (HW/BW), right ventricular weight to heart weight ratios (RV/HW), and left ventricular weight to heart weight ratios (LV/HW), were significantly decreased in cardiac cachectic animals. The weights of the skeletal muscles such as EDL, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps muscles, and the weight of adipose tissue such as subcutaneous, visceral, perirenal, and brown adipose tissue were significantly decreased in the cardiac cachectic group relative to the normal group. Treatment with ezetimibe improves body weight, food intake, and water intake. Ezetimibe decreases serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, VLDL, CK-MB, LDH and CRP levels. Cardiac atrophic markers such as HW/BW, RV/HW, and LV/HW were improved. The weight of skeletal muscles and adipose tissue was increased after treatment with ezetimibe. CONCLUSION Our data showed that the NRF2 activator, Ezetimibe produces a beneficial effect on cardiac cachexia in the doxorubicin-induced cardiac cachexia model. Ezetimibe was successful to reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines, ameliorate the effects on cardiac muscle wasting, lipid levels, fat tissues, and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruju Vashi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mit Joshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Zhao L, Yang W, Ji W, Pan Q, Yang J, Cao X. Untargeted metabolomics uncovers metabolic dysregulation and tissue sensitivity in ACE2 knockout mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27472. [PMID: 38496880 PMCID: PMC10944221 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and dyslipidemia, which have been determined in various populations. Consistently, ACE2 knockout (ACE2 KO) mice display damaged energy metabolism in multiple tissues, especially the key metabolic tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and show even more severe phenotype under high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic stress. However, the effects of ACE2 on global metabolomics profiling and the tissue sensitivity remain unclear. To understand how tissues independently and collectively respond to ACE2, we performed untargeted metabolomics in serum in ACE2 KO and control wild type (WT) mice both on normal diet (ND) and HFD, and in three key metabolic tissues (liver, skeletal muscle and eWAT) after HFD treatment. The results showed significant alterations in metabolic profiling in ACE2 KO mice. We identified 275 and 168 serum metabolites differing significantly between WT and ACE2 KO mice fed on ND and HFD, respectively. And the altered metabolites in the ACE2 KO group varied from 90 to 196 in liver, muscle and eWAT. The alterations in ND and HFD serum were most similar. Compared with WT mice, ACE2 KO mice showed an increase in N-phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), methyl indole-3-acetate, 5-hydroxytryptophol, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and 12(S)-HETE, while LPC (19:0) and LPE (16:1) decreased. Moreover, LPC (20:0), LPC (20:1) and PC (14:0e/6:0) were reduced in both ND and HFD serum, paralleling the decreases identified in HFD skeletal muscle. Interestingly, DL-tryptophan, indole and Gly-Phe decreased in both ND and HFD serum but were elevated in HFD liver of ACE2 KO mice. A low level of l-ergothioneine was observed among liver, muscle, and epididymal fat tissue of ACE2 KO mice. Pathway analysis demonstrated that different tissues exhibited different dysregulated metabolic pathways. In conclusion, these results revealed that ACE2 deficiency leads to an overall state of metabolic distress, which may provide a new insight into the underlying pathogenesis in metabolic disorders in both ACE2 KO mice and in patients with certain genetic variant of ACE2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenyi Ji
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiuyue Pan
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Sun HJ, Xiong SP, Wang ZC, Nie XW, Bian JS. Hydrogen Sulfide in Diabetic Complications Revisited: The State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:18-44. [PMID: 36310428 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes and its related complications are becoming an increasing public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Increased disability and mortality rate of diabetic individuals are closely associated with various life-threatening complications, such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy. Recent Advances: Conventional treatments for diabetes are still limited because of undesirable side effects, including obesity, hypoglycemia, and hepatic and renal toxicity. Studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a critical role in the modulation of glycolipid metabolism, pancreatic β cell functions, and diabetic complications. Critical Issues: Preservation of endogenous H2S systems and supplementation of H2S donors are effective in attenuating diabetes-induced complications, thus representing a new avenue to treat diabetes and its associated complications. Future Directions: This review systematically recapitulates and discusses the most recent updates regarding the therapeutic effects of H2S on diabetes and its various complications, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that underlie H2S-mediated protection against diabetic complications. Furthermore, current clinical trials of H2S in diabetic populations are highlighted, and the challenges and solutions to the clinical transformation of H2S-derived therapies in diabetes are proposed. Finally, future research directions of the pharmacological actions of H2S in diabetes and its related complications are summarized. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 18-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Si-Ping Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang H, Du J, Huang Y, Tang C, Jin H. Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Macrophage Function in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:45-56. [PMID: 35658575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that plays a vital role in immune system regulation. Recently, the regulation of macrophage function by H2S has been extensively and actively recognized. Recent Advances: The mechanisms by which endogenous H2S controls macrophage function have attracted increasing attention. The generation of endogenous H2S from macrophages is mainly catalyzed by cystathionine-γ-lyase. H2S is involved in the macrophage activation and inflammasome formation, which contributes to macrophage apoptosis, adhesion, chemotaxis, and polarization. In addition, H2S has redox ability and interacts with reactive oxygen species to prevent oxidative stress. Moreover, H2S epigenetically regulates gene expression. Critical Issues: In this article, the generation of endogenous H2S in macrophages and its regulatory effect on macrophage function are reviewed. In addition, the signal transduction targeting macrophages by H2S is also addressed. Finally, the potential therapeutic effect of H2S on macrophages is discussed. Future Directions: Further experiments are required to explore the involvement of endogenous H2S in the regulation of macrophage function in various physiological and pathophysiological processes and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Regarding the clinical translation of H2S, further exploration of the application of H2S in inflammation-related diseases is needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 45-56.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Piaserico S, Orlando G, Messina F. Psoriasis and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Shared Genetic and Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9063. [PMID: 36012327 PMCID: PMC9409274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A convincing deal of evidence supports the fact that severe psoriasis is associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise underlying mechanisms linking psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases are not well defined. Psoriasis shares common pathophysiologic mechanisms with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. In particular, polymorphism in the IL-23R and IL-23 genes, as well as other genes involved in lipid and fatty-acid metabolism, renin-angiotensin system and endothelial function, have been described in patients with psoriasis and with cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, systemic inflammation in patients with psoriasis, including elevated serum proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23) may contribute to an increased risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, alteration of serum lipid composition, and insulin resistance. The nonlinear and intricate interplay among various factors, impacting the molecular pathways in different cell types, probably contributes to the development of psoriasis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Future research should, therefore, aim to fully unravel shared and differential molecular pathways underpinning the association between psoriasis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piaserico
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via V. Gallucci 4, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Shah N, Perkovic V, Kotwal S. Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidney in people with type 2 diabetes and severely increased albuminuria. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:827-842. [PMID: 35912871 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is the most common cause of end stage kidney disease. Therapies such as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors have been identified over the last decade as effective oral hypoglycemic agents that also confer additional cardio and kidney protection. Knowledge of their mechanism of action and impact on patients with diabetes and albuminuria is vital in galvanizing prescriber confidence and increasing clinical uptake. AREAS COVERED This manuscript discusses the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease, patho-physiological mechanisms for sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, and their impact on patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and albuminuric kidney disease. EXPERT OPINION Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors reduce albuminuria with consequent benefits on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with diabetes and severe albuminuria. Whilst they have been incorporated into guidelines, the uptake of these agents into clinical practice has been slow. Increasing the uptake of these agents into clinical practice is necessary to improve outcomes for the large number of patients with diabetic kidney disease globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Kensington, Sydney Australia 2052
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Kensington, Sydney Australia 2052.,The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, 1 King Street, Newtown, Sydney, Australia 2042
| | - Sradha Kotwal
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, 1 King Street, Newtown, Sydney, Australia 2042.,Prince of Wales Hospital, High Street, Sydney, Australia, 2031
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Pereira ED, Oliveira LM, Coletto-Nunes G, Souza PPC, Menani JV, De Luca LA, Andrade CAF. Central angiotensinergic mechanisms in female spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with estradiol. Appetite 2022; 174:106012. [PMID: 35367482 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens reduce 0.3 M NaCl intake and palatability in a widely used model of essential hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Here we investigated whether the inhibitory effects of β-estradiol (E2, 10 μg/kg b.w. subcutaneously for 8 days) on water deprived partially-rehydrated (WD-PR) ovariectomized (OVX) adult female SHRs (fSHRs, n = 4-10/group) are related to interferences on brain angiotensin II AT1 receptors (AT1r). After WD-PR, E2 reduced 0.3 M NaCl intake (1.3 ± 0.6, vs. vehicle: 3.5 ± 1.2 ml/30 min), the number of hedonic responses to intraoral NaCl infusion (57 ± 11, vs. vehicle: 176 ± 32/min), and the relative angiotensin AT1r (Agtr1a) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Losartan (AT1r antagonist, 100 μg) intracerebroventricularly in OVX fSHRs treated with vehicle subcutaneously abolished 0.3 M NaCl intake (0.1 ± 0.1 ml/30 min) and only transiently reduced hedonic responses to intraoral NaCl. Losartan combined with E2 decreased the number of hedonic and increased the number of aversive responses to intraoral NaCl and abolished 0.3 M NaCl intake. E2 also reduced the pressor and dipsogenic responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II. The results suggest that AT1r activation increases palatability and induces NaCl intake in WD-PR fSHRs. E2 reduced hypothalamic Agtr1a mRNA expression, which may account for the effects of E2 on NaCl intake and palatability and intracerebroventricular angiotensin II-induced pressor and dipsogenic responses in OVX fSHRs. Future studies considering natural fluctuations in estrogen secretion might help to determine the degree of such interference in brain neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - L M Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - G Coletto-Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - P P C Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - J V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - L A De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - C A F Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
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Cardiac Complications: The Understudied Aspect of Cancer Cachexia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:254-267. [PMID: 35171467 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of cancer cachexia is increasing along with drastic increase in cancer patients. Cancer itself leads to cachexia, and cachexia development is associated with events like altered hemodynamics, and reduced functional capacity of the heart among others which lead to failure of the heart and are called cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia. In some patients, the anti-cancer therapy also leads to this cardiovascular complications. So, in this review, an attempt is made to understand the mechanisms, pathophysiology of cardiovascular events in cachectic patients. Important processes which cause cardiovascular complications include alterations in the structure of the heart, loss of cardiac mass and functioning, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, apoptosis, cardiac muscle atrophy, and mitochondrial alterations. Previously, the available treatment options were limited to nutraceuticals and physical exercise. Recently, studies with some prospective agents that can improve cardiac health have been reported, but whether their action is effective in cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia is not known or are under trial.
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Milicic Stanic B, Ilincic B, Zeravica R, Milicic Ivanovski D, Cabarkapa V, Mijovic R. The Importance of Correlation between Aldosterone and Parathyroid Hormone in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:3804899. [PMID: 36389124 PMCID: PMC9663215 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3804899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In primary hyperparathyroidism, an increased risk of developing the cardiovascular disease may exist due to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parathyroid hormone and aldosterone in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The study included 48 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and 30 healthy subjects who matched age and gender to the study group. This study was conducted at the Center for Laboratory medicine, Clinical center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. In addition to clinical data and laboratory determination of the concentration of total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, measurements of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, direct renin, and aldosterone were performed by the method of chemiluminescent technology. Compared to the controls, the study group had statistically significantly higher values of aldosterone (p=0.028), total calcium (p=0.01), ionized calcium (p=0.003) and parathyroid hormone (P ≤ 0.001) Serum aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels were correlated positively in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (r=0.509, p < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation between renin and parathyroid hormone (r=0.688, p < 0.05) and renin and calcium (r=0.673, p < 0.05) was determined in hyperparathyroid patients. In multivariate regression analysis, the strongest predictive variable of aldosterone secretion was parathyroid hormone (p=0.011). An independent relationship between parathyroid hormone and aldosterone in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and the correlation between renin and parathyroid hormone as well as with calcium indicate not only the direct but also the indirect associations between parathyroid hormone and aldosterone in primary hyperparathyroidism. These findings may represent another possible model of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Milicic Stanic
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Branislava Ilincic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1–9, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Radmila Zeravica
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1–9, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Dragana Milicic Ivanovski
- Center for Pathophysiology of Breathing and Respiratory Sleep Disorders, The Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Put dr Goldmana 4, Sr Kamenica 21204, Serbia
| | - Velibor Cabarkapa
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1–9, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Romana Mijovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1–9, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
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Association of Polymorphisms of Metabolism-Related Genes with Psoriasis Vulgaris in Han Chinese. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9920631. [PMID: 34589554 PMCID: PMC8476246 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex etiology, and psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is the most common type of psoriasis. Recent studies suggest the relationship between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome in different ethnicities. This study is aimed at evaluating the association of metabolism-related gene variants with the risk of PsV in Chinese Han population. Material and Methods. PsV patients (1030) and healthy controls (965) were enrolled in this study. Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be significantly associated with metabolic syndrome were selected. SNPs were detected by next-generation sequencing. Results Seven SNPs were significantly associated with PsV: rs805303 (P = 0.012, OR = 0.85), rs3177928 (P = 1.37 × 10−15, OR = 2.51), and rs2247056 (P = 3.73 × 10−4, OR = 0.67) located in the HLA gene region; rs1047781 (P = 0.012, OR = 1.18), rs281379 (P = 0.014, OR = 1.71), and rs492602 (P = 0.005, OR = 1.86) located in the FUT2 region; and rs2303138 (P = 0.014, OR = 1.18) located in the LNPEP region. After stratified analysis, rs805303 (P = 0.017, OR = 0.74) and rs2303138 (P = 0.041, OR = 1.30) were associated with PsVs when HLA-C∗06 : 02 was positive, and rs805303 (P = 5.62 × 10−5, OR = 0.68), rs3177928 (P = 0.003, OR = 1.75), rs281379 (P = 0.034, OR = 1.96), and rs492602 (P = 0.025, OR = 2.04) were associated with PsVs when HLA-C∗06 : 02 was negative. Conclusion PsV and metabolic syndrome may have overlapped susceptible genes in Chinese Han population.
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Dobrek L. An Outline of Renal Artery Stenosis Pathophysiology-A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030208. [PMID: 33799957 PMCID: PMC8000991 DOI: 10.3390/life11030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is conditioned mainly by two disturbances: fibromuscular dysplasia or atherosclerosis of the renal artery. RAS is an example of renovascular disease, with complex pathophysiology and consequences. There are multiple pathophysiological mechanisms triggered in response to significant renal artery stenosis, including disturbances within endothelin, kinin-kallikrein and sympathetic nervous systems, with angiotensin II and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) playing a central and key role in the pathogenesis of RAS. The increased oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators contributing to pathological tissue remodelling and renal fibrosis are also important pathogenetic elements of RAS. This review briefly summarises these pathophysiological issues, focusing on renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy as major clinical manifestations of RAS. The activation of RAAS and its haemodynamic consequences is the primary and key element in the pathophysiological cascade triggered in response to renal artery stenosis. However, the pathomechanism of RAS is more complex and also includes other disturbances that ultimately contribute to the development of the diseases mentioned above. To sum up, RAS is characterised by different clinical pictures, including asymptomatic disorders diagnosed in kidney imaging, renovascular hypertension, usually characterised by severe course, and chronic ischemic nephropathy, described by pathological remodelling of kidney tissue, ultimately leading to kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Dobrek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Xavier LL, Neves PFR, Paz LV, Neves LT, Bagatini PB, Timmers LFSM, Rasia-Filho AA, Mestriner RG, Wieck A. Does Angiotensin II Peak in Response to SARS-CoV-2? Front Immunol 2021; 11:577875. [PMID: 33519802 PMCID: PMC7842149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection by the SARS-CoV-2 is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic. With the growing numbers of cases and deaths, there is an urgent need to explore pathophysiological hypotheses in an attempt to better understand the factors determining the course of the disease. Here, we hypothesize that COVID-19 severity and its symptoms could be related to transmembrane and soluble Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (tACE2 and sACE2); Angiotensin II (ANG II); Angiotensin 1-7 (ANG 1-7) and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) activation levels. Additionally, we hypothesize that an early peak in ANG II and ADAM-17 might represent a physiological attempt to reduce viral infection via tACE2. This viewpoint presents: (1) a brief introduction regarding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), detailing its receptors, molecular synthesis, and degradation routes; (2) a description of the proposed early changes in the RAAS in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including biological scenarios for the best and worst prognoses; and (3) the physiological pathways and reasoning for changes in the RAAS following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léder Leal Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valeria Paz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Tartari Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pamela Brambilla Bagatini
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Universidade do Vale do Taquari-UNIVATES, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Alberto Antônio Rasia-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde/Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide pandemic influencing 26 million individuals worldwide and is expanding. Imbalanced redox homeostasis in cardiac cells alters the structure and function of the cells, which leads to contractile dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis in chronic heart failure. Various targets and agents acting on these such as siRNA, miRNA, interleukin-1, opioids, vasodilators, and SGLT2 inhibitors are being evaluated for heart failure, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is one of them. NRF2 is a master transcription factor which is expressed in most of the tissues and exhibits a major role in amplification of the antioxidant pathways associated with the enzymes present in myocardium. Increased ROS generation and PI3K-Akt signaling can activate the receptor NRF2. Various in vitro and in vivo and few clinical studies suggested NRF2 may possess a potential for targeting oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases including heart failures. All these studies collectively propose that upregulation of NRF2 will attenuate the increase in hemodynamic stress and provide beneficial role in cardiovascular diseases. The current review shall familiarize readers about the regulations and functions of NRF2. We have also discussed the current evidences suggesting beneficial role of NRF2 activators in heart failure. Graphical abstract.
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15
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Lim I, Mitsui R, Kameda M, Sellers DJ, Chess-Williams R, Hashitani H. Comparative effects of angiotensin II on the contractility of muscularis mucosae and detrusor in the pig urinary bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 40:102-111. [PMID: 33074588 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To explore contractile actions of angiotensin II (ATII) on the muscularis mucosae (MM) of the bladder, ATII-induced contractions were compared between MM and the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) of the pig bladder by isometric tension recordings. Effects of ATII on spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MM were visualized using Cal-520 fluorescence. ATII receptor type 1 (ATR1) expression in MM and DSM was also examined by immunohistochemistry. ATII (1 nM-1 μM) caused phasic contractions of MM in a concentration-dependent manner, while ATII (10 nM-10 μM) had no or marginal effects on DSM contractility. ATII (100 nM)-induced MM contractions had an amplitude of approximately 70% of carbachol (1 μM)-induced or 90% of U46619 (100 nM)-induced contractions. Candesartan (10 nM), an ATR1 blocker, prevented the contractile effects of ATII (1 nM) in MM, while ATR1 immunofluorescence was greater in MM than DSM. ATII (10-100 pM) increased the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MM. Both urothelium-intact and -denuded MM strips developed comparable spontaneous phasic contractions, but ATII, carbachol and U46619-induced contractions were significantly larger in urothelium-denuded than urothelium-intact MM strips. In conclusion, the MM appears to have a much greater sensitivity to ATII compared with DSM that could well sense circulating ATII, suggesting that MM may be the predominant target of contractile actions induced by ATII in the bladder while the urothelium appears to inhibit MM contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lim
- Center for Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kameda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Donna Jayne Sellers
- Center for Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Center for Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Zong M, Zhao H, Li Q, Li Y, Zhang J. Irbesartan ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by inhibiting the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:117. [PMID: 33005243 PMCID: PMC7523283 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an important pathological change in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether irbesartan serves a role in improving MF in a diabetic rat model. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured in rats using biochemical methods. Heart weight index (HWI), left ventricular weight index (LVWI), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were also measured, whilst type I collagen and hydroxyproline content in myocardial tissue was quantified. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3 and collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1) inmyocardial tissues or rat cardiac fibroblast (RCF) cells. Cell proliferation was measured using EdU staining. Procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) content, FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C levels were found to be significantly higher, whilst HDL-C levels were found to be significantly lower in rats in the diabetic group. Those in the diabetic group also exhibited significantly elevated HWI, LVWI, LVEDP, myocardial tissue type I collagen content and hydroxyproline content values, but significantly reduced LVSP. Changes in the aforementioned indicators were reversed after treatment with irbesartan, where the protein expression levels of TGFβ1 and p-Smad2/3 in myocardial tissue were also significantly reduced. In RCF cells, irbesartan significantly reversed high glucose-induced upregulation of TGFβ1 expression, Smad2/3 phosphorylation and COL1A1 expression, as well as reducing cell proliferation and rat type I PICP and PIIINP levels. Application of pirfenidone produced additive effects on reducing the expression levels of the proteins aforementioned when combined with irbesartan. Therefore, the present results demonstrated that irbesartan reduced the activity of the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway and ameliorated diabetic MF by downregulating the expression of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
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17
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Arad M, Waldman M, Abraham NG, Hochhauser E. Therapeutic approaches to diabetic cardiomyopathy: Targeting the antioxidant pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106454. [PMID: 32413571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of cardiovascular disease continues unabated and remains the leading cause of death both in the US and worldwide. We hereby summarize the available therapies for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Clearly, the current approaches to diabetic heart disease often target the manifestations and certain mediators but not the specific pathways leading to myocardial injury, remodeling and dysfunction. Better understanding of the molecular events determining the evolution of diabetic cardiomyopathy will provide insight into the development of specific and targeted therapies. Recent studies largely increased our understanding of the role of enhanced inflammatory response, ROS production, as well as the contribution of Cyp-P450-epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 and 20-HETE in pathophysiology and therapy of cardiovascular disease. PGC-1α increases production of the HO-1 which has a major role in protecting the heart against oxidative stress, microcirculation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review describes the potential drugs and their downstream targets, PGC-1α and HO-1, as major loci for developing therapeutic approaches beside diet and lifestyle modification for the treatment and prevention of heart disease associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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18
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Wang X, Li Y, Li Q. A comprehensive meta-analysis on relationship between CYP11B2 rs1799998 polymorphism and atrial fibrillation. J Electrocardiol 2018; 52:101-105. [PMID: 30529851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between CYP11B2 rs1799998 polymorphism and atrial fibrillation (AF) was analyzed by several studies, but the results of these studies were inconsistent. Thus, we performed this study to obtain a more conclusive result on relationship between CYP11B2 rs1799998 polymorphism and AF. METHODS Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of correlation. RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 5466 participants were analyzed. We found that CYP11B2 rs1799998 polymorphism was significantly associated with AF in overall population under recessive genetic model with FEM (P = 0.005, OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.08-1.54), but no positive results were detected in overall analyses with REMs. Further subgroup analyses revealed that CYP11B2 rs1799998 polymorphism was significantly correlated with AF in East Asians, but not in West Asians. Furthermore, significant associations between rs1799998 polymorphism and AF were observed in subjects with essential hypertension (EH) and heart failure (HF). No any other positive results were found in overall and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our meta-analysis suggested that rs1799998 polymorphism may serve as a potential biological marker of AF in East Asians and subjects with EH or HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second Municipal Hospital of WeiHai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Yingzheng Li
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, The second Municipal Hospital of WeiHai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiulai Li
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Yantai traditional Chinese medicine hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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19
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Chang CH, Hu YH, Huang KH, Lin YH, Tsai YC, Wu CH, Yang SY, Chang CC, Lu CC, Wu KD, Wu VC. Higher Screening Aldosterone to Renin Ratio in Primary Aldosteronism Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100360. [PMID: 30332741 PMCID: PMC6209946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has shown that low renin hypertension is common in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the performance of aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) in primary aldosteronism (PA) patients with diabetes has not been well validated. Here, we report the performance of screening ARR in PA patients with diabetes. The study enrolled consecutive patients and they underwent ARR testing at screening. Then the diagnosis of PA was confirmed from the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation registration dataset. Generalized additive model smoothing plot was used to validate the performance of screening ARR in PA patients with or without diabetes. During this study period, 844 PA patients were confirmed and 136 (16.0%) among them had diabetes. Other 816 patients were diagnosed with essential hypertension and used as the control group and 89 (10.9%) among them had diabetes. PA patients with diabetes were older and had a longer duration of hypertensive latency, higher systolic blood pressure and lower glomerular filtration rate than those PA patients without diabetes. The cut-off value of ARR in the generalized additive model predicting PA was 65 ng/dL per ng/mL/h in diabetic patients, while 45 ng/dL per ng/mL/h in non-diabetic patients. There was a considerable prevalence of diabetes among PA patients, which might be capable of interfering with the conventional screening test. The best cut-off value of ARR, more than 65 ng/dL per ng/mL/h in PA patients with diabetes, was higher than those without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Chou Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Hsiung Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Yu Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chen Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chu Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- TAIPAI, Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) Study Group, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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20
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Beneficial Effect of Silymarin in Pressure Overload Induced Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:23-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Patel MM, Patel BM. Repurposing of sodium valproate in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus: Role of HDAC inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:188-199. [PMID: 29852291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic patients are at greater risk for colon cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) serve as common target for both. The key objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate in type 2 diabetes mellitus associated colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH High fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Following this, after diabetes confirmation, colon cancer was induced using 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg, s.c.) once weekly from 7th week to 20th weeks. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) treatment was given from 20th to 24th week. At the end of 24 weeks, several enzymatic and biochemical parameters, were estimated. MTT, clonogenic and scratch wound healing assay were carried out in HCT-15 cell line. KEY RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increase in cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and carcinoembryonic antigen and presence of proliferating cells was seen in disease control animals which was prevented by sodium valproate treatment. Overexpression of relative HDAC2 mRNA levels was found in diseased control animals, which was reduced by sodium valproate treatment. IC50 of sodium valproate was found to be 3.40 mM and 3.73 mM at 48 h and 72 h respectively on HCT-15 cell line. Sodium valproate also dose dependently prevented colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Sodium valproate can be considered for repurposing in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
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22
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Genetically determined enlargement of carotid body evaluated using computed angiotomography. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 254:10-15. [PMID: 29627490 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been established that carotid bodies play a significant role in the regulation of activities of the cardiovascular system as well as in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, heart failure and diabetes. Aim of study was to determinate the influence of polymorphisms within genes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on the volume of the carotid bodies (CB) in patients with hypertension (HTA). The study group consisted of 77 patients with HTA. All patients were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes coding for: angiotensinogen: rs4762, rs5049, rs5051 and rs699; angiotensin-converting enzyme: rs4343; angiotensin receptor type 1 gene (AGTR1): rs5182 and rs5186; and the aldosterone synthase: rs1799998. The estimation of volumes of CB (VrCB+lCB) was based on computed tomography angiography. Among individuals with essential hypertension certain relationships were documented between rs5182 and rs5186 polymorphisms of AGTR1 gene and rs1799998 polymorphism of CYP11B2 gene on one hand and the volume of carotid bodies on one other. Patients carrying the C alleles within the rs5182 and rs5186 of AGTR1 gene was associated with higher values of VrCB+lCB. The carriage of the T allele in the rs5182 locus of the AGTR1 gene determine lower values of VrCB+lCB. In summary, in patients with HTA a higher volume of CB may be resulted from the presence of specific genotypes in RAAS.
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23
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Roncari CF, Barbosa RM, Vendramini RC, De Luca LA, Menani JV, Colombari E, Colombari DSA. Enhanced angiotensin II induced sodium appetite in renovascular hypertensive rats. Peptides 2018; 101:82-88. [PMID: 29305157 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renovascular hypertensive 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) rats have an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system and an initial transitory increase in daily water and NaCl intake. However, the dipsogenic and natriorexigenic responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) have not been tested yet in 2K1C rats. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated water and 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by water deprivation (WD)-partial rehydration (PR) or intracerebroventricular (icv) ANG II in 2K1C rats. In addition, the cardiovascular changes to these treatments were also evaluated. Male Holtzman rats received a silver clip around the left renal artery to induce 2K1C renovascular hypertension. In the 5th week, a group of animals received a guide cannula in the lateral ventricle for icv injections. Daily water intake increased from the 3rd week after surgery and remained elevated until the 6th week (last recording week), whereas daily 0.3 M NaCl intake transiently increased from the 2nd to the 5th week after surgery. On the 6th week, in spite of comparable daily 0.3 M NaCl intake between 2K1C and sham rats, WD-PR and icv ANG II induced an increased 0.3 M NaCl intake in 2K1C rats. Water intake induced by WD-PR, not by icv ANG II, also increased in 2K1C rats. The increase in arterial pressure to WD-PR or icv ANG II was similar in sham and 2K1C rats. Therefore, these results suggest that 2K1C rats are more responsive to the natriorexigenic effects of ANG II, whereas other responses to ANG II are not modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Roncari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela M Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Vendramini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Laurival A De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - José V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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24
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Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, Verheyen ND, Schmid J, Müllner C, Richtig G, Scharnagl H, Trummer C, Schwetz V, Meinitzer A, Pieske B, März W, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S. Effects of Vitamin D3 on asymmetric- and symmetric dimethylarginine in arterial hypertension. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:157-163. [PMID: 28027911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulating evidence has proposed a correlation between vitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Vitamin D associated effects on endothelial function have been suggested to be a possible culprit. The present study investigated the association of vitamin D3 treatment on markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre study conducted at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. A total of 200 study participants with arterial hypertension and 25(OH)D levels below 30ng/mL were enrolled. The study participants were randomized to receive 2800 IU of vitamin D3 per day as oily drops (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for a duration of eight weeks. The present study uses an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 treatment on symmetric (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). A total of 187 participants (mean [SD] age 60.0 [11.3] years; 47% women; 25(OH)D 21.2 [5.6]ng/mL; mean systolic blood pressure of 131.4 [8.9] mmHg on a median of 2 antihypertensive drugs) completed the trial. Mean treatment effect was -0.004 (95%CI [-0.03 to 0.04]; P=0.819) on ADMA and 0.001 (95%CI [-0.05 to 0.05]; P=0.850) on SDMA. In the subgroup analysis patients with a 25(OH)D concentration <20ng/mL had a significant increase in their log l-arginine/ADMA ratio (mean treatment effect 18.4 95%CI [1.84-34.9]μmol/L/μmol/L; P=0.030). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02136771 EudraCT number: 2009-018125-70 CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D3 supplementation in hypertensive patients with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D has no significant effect on ADMA and SDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Grübler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3007 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Gaksch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Kienreich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N D Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Müllner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Trummer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - V Schwetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - W März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Bad Gleichenberg Clinic, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - S Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Rabadiya S, Bhadada S, Dudhrejiya A, Vaishnav D, Patel B. Magnesium valproate ameliorates type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats through estrogen receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:919-927. [PMID: 29136770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is known to exhibit cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic action. Valproic acid has been shown to upregulate estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast and prostate cancer tissues. No pharmacological evaluations for magnesium valproate (MgV) so far have been done for diabetic cadio-lipidemic complications. Based on the above context, current study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of MgV in cardiac complications associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus in rats wherein diabetes was induced by single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45mg/kg, IV) in female Sprague Dawley rats and treatment of MgV (210mg/kg, PO) was given for eight weeks to diabetic animals, after which, various biochemical and cardiac biomarkers, hypertrophic, hemodynamic and histological parameters along with immunohistochemistry of ERs in the left ventricle (LV) were estimated. MgV treatment significantly controlled hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, reduced elevated cardiac biomarkers and C-reactive protein(CRP), significantly improved hemodynamic functions and increased the rate of pressure development and decay. MgV also significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy index and cardiac hypertrophy index, LV wall thickness, LV collagen, cardiomyocyte diameter and prevented the oxidative stress with significant increase in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in LV. Moreover, MgV reversed STZ-induced histological alterations and decreased glycogen content in LV and increased the ERβ expressions in LV as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. The result indicated that MgV prevented disease progression in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy which seems to be mediated by upregulation of estrogen receptors in LV tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rabadiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Shradhha Bhadada
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvin Dudhrejiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Digging into the low molecular weight peptidome with the OligoNet web server. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11692. [PMID: 28916823 PMCID: PMC5601033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides play critical roles in regulating many biological processes. Recently, natural short peptides biomarkers are drawing significant attention and are considered as “hidden treasure” of drug candidates. High resolution and high mass accuracy provided by mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomics would enable the rapid detection and wide coverage of the low-molecular-weight peptidome. However, translating unknown masses (<1 500 Da) into putative peptides is often limited due to the lack of automatic data processing tools and to the limit of peptide databases. The web server OligoNet responds to this challenge by attempting to decompose each individual mass into a combination of amino acids out of metabolomics datasets. It provides an additional network-based data interpretation named “Peptide degradation network” (PDN), which unravels interesting relations between annotated peptides and generates potential functional patterns. The ab initio PDN built from yeast metabolic profiling data shows a great similarity with well-known metabolic networks, and could aid biological interpretation. OligoNet allows also an easy evaluation and interpretation of annotated peptides in systems biology, and is freely accessible at https://daniellyz200608105.shinyapps.io/OligoNet/.
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27
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Ding YH, Ma Y, Qian LY, Xu Q, Wang LH, Huang DS, Zou H. Linking atrial fibrillation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: potential common therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60673-60683. [PMID: 28948002 PMCID: PMC5601170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common chronic non-infectious diseases with rising incidences. NAFLD is an independent risk factor for the onset of AF, after adjusting potentially related factors. The pathogenesis of these diseases share several mechanisms including reduced adiponectin level, insulin resistance, and renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, in addition to activation of common disease pathways that promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Furthermore, statins and RAAS blockers exert therapeutic effects concurrently on NAFLD and AF. The common pathogenesis of NAFLD and AF may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Yan Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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Shindo K, Asakura M, Min KD, Ito S, Fu HY, Yamazaki S, Takahashi A, Imazu M, Fukuda H, Nakajima Y, Asanuma H, Minamino T, Takashima S, Minamino N, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M. Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 1 Suppresses TGF-β Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts. INT J GERONTOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Packer M, McMurray JJV. Importance of endogenous compensatory vasoactive peptides in broadening the effects of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system for the treatment of heart failure. Lancet 2017; 389:1831-1840. [PMID: 27919443 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of the clinical benefits produced by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure has been modest, possibly because of the ability of renin-angiotensin activity to escape from suppression during long-term treatment. Efforts to intensify pharmacological blockade by use of dual inhibitors that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system at multiple sites have not yielded consistent incremental clinical benefits, but have been associated with serious adverse reactions. By contrast, potentiation of endogenous compensatory vasoactive peptides can act to enhance the survival effects of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, as evidenced by trials that have compared angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with drugs that inhibit both the renin-angiotensin system and neprilysin. Several endogenous vasoactive peptides act as adaptive mechanisms, and their augmentation could help to broaden the benefits of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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30
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Dihydromyricetin attenuated Ang II induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation related to inhibitory of oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:159-167. [PMID: 28414055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is one of the most important flavonoids in vine tea, which showed several pharmacological effects. However, information about the potential role of DMY on angiotensin II (Ang II) induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation remains unknown. In the present study, cardiac fibroblasts isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with different concentrations of DMY (0-320μM) for 4h, or DMY (80μM) for different time (0-24h), followed by Ang II (100nM) stimulation for 24h, Then number of cardiac fibroblasts and content of hydroxyproline was measured. The level of cellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were also evaluated. Expression of type I, type III collagen, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p22phox (one vital subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase), SOD and thioredoxin (Trx) were detected with real time PCR or/and western blot. We found that pre-incubation with DMY (20μM, 40μM, 80μM) for 4h, 12h or 24h attenuated the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by Ang II. Expression of type I and type III collagen, as well as α-SMA were inhibited by DMY at both mRNA and protein level. DMY also significantly decreased cellular reactive oxygen species production and MDA level, while increased the SOD activity and T-AOC. DMY suppressed p22phox, while enhanced antioxidant SOD and Trx expression in Ang II stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, dihydromyricetin attenuated Ang II induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation related to inhibitory of oxidative stress.
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Pichu S, Patel BM, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK. Role of biomarkers in predicting diabetes complications with special reference to diabetic foot ulcers. Biomark Med 2017; 11:377-388. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the major complications of diabetes and about 1% of people with diabetes have to go for lower limb amputation. With better understanding of the pathological basis of DFU, number of biomarkers like atrial natriuretic peptides, galectin-3, and cardiac troponins for diabetic cardiomyopathy, cystatin C for diabetics nephropathy and C-reactive protein for infection and procalcitonin could aid in early and noninvasive diagnosis especially when clinical signs are misleading. Predictive role of novel biomarkers in primary prevention however, requires additional studies considering sex, age and multiple complications in DFU. The current review provides an insight about the novel and emerging biomarkers of diabetes and its complications with special reference to DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamasundari Pichu
- V Clinbio labs (P) Ltd, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
- AU-KBC, Anna University – MIT campus, Chromepet, Chennai – 44, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad – 382481, India
| | | | - Ramesh K Goyal
- V Clinbio labs (P) Ltd, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
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Li C, Han R, Kang L, Wang J, Gao Y, Li Y, He J, Tian J. Pirfenidone controls the feedback loop of the AT1R/p38 MAPK/renin-angiotensin system axis by regulating liver X receptor-α in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40523. [PMID: 28091615 PMCID: PMC5238375 DOI: 10.1038/srep40523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD), an anti-fibrotic small molecule drug, is used to treat fibrotic diseases, but its effects on myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac fibrosis are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PFD on MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and the possible underlying mechanisms in rats. After establishment of the model, animals were administered PFD by gavage for 4 weeks. During the development of MI-induced cardiac fibrosis, we found activation of a positive feedback loop between the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)/phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway and renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which was accompanied by down-regulation of liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) expression. PFD attenuated body weight, heart weight, left ventricular weight, left ventricular systolic pressure, and ±dp/dtmax changes induced by MI, which were associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis, infarct size, and hydroxyproline concentration. Moreover, PFD inhibited the AT1R/p38 MAPK pathway, corrected the RAS imbalance [decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression, but increased ACE2 and angiotensin (1-7) activity and Mas expression] and strongly enhanced heart LXR-α expression. These results indicate that the cardioprotective effects of PFD may be due, in large part, to controlling the feedback loop of the AT1R/p38 MAPK/RAS axis by activation of LXR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Le Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Yantai yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yanshen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
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Raghunathan S, Goyal RK, Patel BM. Selective inhibition of HDAC2 by magnesium valproate attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:260-267. [PMID: 28177689 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory paradigm in cardiac hypertrophy involves alterations in gene expression that is mediated by chromatin remodeling. Various data suggest that class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) play opposing roles in the regulation of hypertrophic pathways. To address this, we tested the effect of magnesium valproate (MgV), an HDAC inhibitor with 5 times more potency on class I HDACs. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by partial abdominal aortic constriction in Wistar rats, and at the end of 6 weeks, we evaluated hypertrophic, hemodynamic, and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial DNA concentration. Treatment with MgV prevented cardiac hypertrophy, improved hemodynamic functions, prevented oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial DNA concentration. MgV treatment also increased the survival rate of the animals as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Improvement in hypertrophy due to HDAC inhibition was further confirmed by HDAC mRNA expression studies, which revealed that MgV decreases expression of pro-hypertrophic HDAC (i.e., HDAC2) without altering the expression of anti-hypertrophic HDAC5. Selective class I HDAC inhibition is required for controlling cardiac hypertrophy. Newer HDAC inhibitors that are class I inhibitors and class II promoters can be designed to obtain "pan" or "dual" natural HDAC "regulators".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- b Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- a Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
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35
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Ying X, Kai-Pan G, Wei-Qing L, Long-Yun P, De-Xi W, Zhi-Bin H. Long-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with PD123319 and electrophysiological remodeling of left ventricular myocardium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 389:1333-1340. [PMID: 27629578 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of PD123319, an antagonist of angiotensin II subtype-2 receptor (AT2R), on the electrophysiological characteristics of the left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of twenty-four 10-week-old male SHR were divided into two groups: PD123319 and non-PD123319 groups (n = 12 in each). Twelve 10-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats served as the control group. Systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), ventricular effective refractory period, and ventricular fibrillation threshold were also measured after 8 weeks. I Na, I CaL, I to, and membrane capacitance were measured in the left ventricular myocytes after 8 weeks by whole-cell patch clamp. PD123319 increased LVMI compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 3.83 ± 0.11 vs. 3.60 ± 0.19 mg/g; P < 0.01). PD123319 also decreased the ventricular fibrillation threshold compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 14.75 ± 0.65 vs. 16.0 ± 0.86 mA; P < 0.01). PD123319 enhanced membrane capacitance compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 283.63 ± 5.80 vs. 276.50 ± 4.28 pF; P < 0.05). PD123319 increased the density of I CaL compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, -6.76 ± 0.48 vs. -6.13 ± 0.30 pA/pF; P < 0.05). PD123319 decreased the density of I to compared with the non-PD123319 group (PD123319 vs. non-PD123319, 11.49 ± 0.50 vs. 12.23 ± 0.36 pA/pF; P < 0.05). Long-term treatment with PD123319 worsened the development of myocyte hypertrophy and associated electrophysiological alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guan Kai-Pan
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Wei-Qing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peng Long-Yun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wu De-Xi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huang Zhi-Bin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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36
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Haghighi F SR, Emamghorei M, Nekooeian AA, Farjadian S. Enalapril and Valsartan Improved Enhanced CPA-induced Aortic Contractile Response in Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Reduction in TRPC4 Protein Level. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.884.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Dong H, Dong S, Zhang L, Gao X, Lv G, Chen W, Shao S. MicroRNA-214 exerts a Cardio-protective effect by inhibition of fibrosis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1348-57. [PMID: 27357906 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The miRNAs play important roles in regulating myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential roles of microRNA-214 (miR-214) in cardiac fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment, Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) are transfected with pre-miR-214, anti-miR-214 and their oligo controls. Gene expression was checked by Quantitative realtime-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. In the present experiment, compared with controls, expressions of collagen type I (COL I), collagen type III (COL III), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were all increased, but matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was reduced in CFB by Ang II treatment at both mRNA and protein levels, and these alterations were found reversed by miR-214 transfection. In vivo, an anterior transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was created by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery after Ad-pre-miR-214, Ad-anti-miR-214 or Ad-GFP was delivered separately. Four weeks after AMI, protein contents of COL I, COL III and TGF-β1 in tissue from border area were found increased after AMI, but impaired by overexpression of miR-214. While the expression of MMP-1 was increased by miR-214 stimulation but decreased by miR-214 inhibition. These results suggested that miR-214 exerts cardio-protective effects by inhibition of fibrosis and the inhibitory effect involves TGF-β1 suppression and MMP-1/TIMP-1 regulation. Anat Rec, 299:1348-1357, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Dong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shimin Dong
- Department of Emergency, the 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Lisi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- Department of Emergency, the 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Guangwei Lv
- Department of Emergency, the 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Suxia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Gonçalves I, Edsfeldt A, Colhoun HM, Shore AC, Palombo C, Natali A, Fredrikson GN, Björkbacka H, Wigren M, Bengtsson E, Östling G, Aizawa K, Casanova F, Persson M, Gooding K, Gates P, Khan F, Looker HC, Adams F, Belch J, Pinnola S, Venturi E, Kozakova M, Gan LM, Schnecke V, Nilsson J. Association between renin and atherosclerotic burden in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:171. [PMID: 27596252 PMCID: PMC5011869 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) has been proposed to contribute to development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to determine if plasma renin levels are associated with the severity of vascular changes in subjects with and without T2D. Methods Renin was analyzed by the Proximity Extension Assay in subjects with (n = 985) and without (n = 515) T2D participating in the SUMMIT (SUrrogate markers for Micro- and Macro-vascular hard endpoints for Innovative diabetes Tools) study and in 205 carotid endarterectomy patients. Vascular changes were assessed by determining ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid plaque area, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the reactivity hyperemia index (RHI). Results Plasma renin was elevated in subjects with T2D and demonstrated risk factor-independent association with prevalent cardiovascular disease both in subjects with and without T2D. Renin levels increased with age, body mass index, HbA1c and correlated inversely with HDL. Subjects with T2D had more severe carotid disease, increased arterial stiffness, and impaired endothelial function. Risk factor-independent associations between renin and APBI, bulb IMT, carotid plaque area were observed in both T2D and non-T2D subjects. These associations were independent of treatment with RAAS inhibitors. Only weak associations existed between plasma renin and the expression of pro-inflammatory and fibrous components in plaques from 205 endarterectomy patients. Conclusions Our findings provide clinical evidence for associations between systemic RAAS activation and atherosclerotic burden and suggest that this association is of particular importance in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Area Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gerd Östling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kunihiko Aizawa
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Francesco Casanova
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Kim Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Phil Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Faisel Khan
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Helen C Looker
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fiona Adams
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jill Belch
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Silvia Pinnola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Venturi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Volker Schnecke
- AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Wei Y, Xu J, Zhou G, Chen S, Ouyang P, Liu S. Renal Denervation Suppresses the Inducibility of Atrial Fibrillation in a Rabbit Model for Atrial Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160634. [PMID: 27529427 PMCID: PMC4986963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal denervation (RD) was reported to reduce the susceptibility of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying mechanism has not been well understood. This study was performed to investigate the effect of RD on the inducibility of AF in a rabbit model for atrial fibrosis and to explore the potential mechanisms. Thirty-five rabbits were randomly assigned into sham-operated group (n = 12), abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) group (n = 12) and AAC with RD (AAC-RD) group (n = 11). The incidence of AF induced by burst pacing in atriums was determined. Blood was collected to measure the levels of rennin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Atrial samples were preserved to evaluate protein and gene expression of collagen, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Our data suggested cardiac structure remodeling and atrial fibrosis were successfully induced by AAC. Compared with the AAC group, the AAC-RD rabbits had smaller ascending aortic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter. For burst pacing at the left atrium (LA), AF was induced in two of the 12 rabbits in the sham-operated group, 10 of the 12 rabbits in the AAC group, and 2 of the 11 rabbits in the AAC-RD group, with great difference among the three groups (P = 0.001). The percentage of LA burst stimulations with induced AF achieved 47.2% in the AAC group, which was higher than those in both the AAC-RD (12.1%) and the Sham-operated (5.6%) groups. Significantly increasing intercellular space in the AAC group (P<0.001) compared with the sham-operated rabbits. RD clearly decreased the volume fraction of collagen in LA and right atrium compared with that of the AAC group (P< 0.01). AAC-induced elevation of collagen I, CTGF and TGF-β1 was suppressed by RD. In conclusion, RD suppressed the inducibility of AF in a rabbit model for pressure associated atrial fibrosis, potentially by modulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and decreasing pro-fibrotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai Songjiang Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200800, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200800, China
| | - Genqing Zhou
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200800, China
| | - Songwen Chen
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200800, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai Songjiang Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200800, China
- * E-mail:
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Gromotowicz-Poplawska A, Szoka P, Kolodziejczyk P, Kramkowski K, Wojewodzka-Zelezniakowicz M, Chabielska E. New agents modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-Will there be a new therapeutic option? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1888-1899. [PMID: 27439538 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216660211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is more complex than it was originally regarded. According to the current subject knowledge, there are two main axes of the RAAS: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II-AT1 receptor axis and (2) ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. The activation of the first axis leads to deleterious effects, including vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, inflammation, and fibrosis; therefore, blocking the components of this axis is a highly rational and commonly used therapeutic procedure. The ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis has a different role, since it often opposes the effects induced by the classical ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis. Once the positive effects of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis were discovered, the alternative ways of pharmacotherapy activating this axis of RAAS appeared. This article briefly describes new molecules affecting the RAAS, namely: recombinant human ACE2, ACE2 activators, angiotensin-(1-7) peptide and non-peptide analogs, aldosterone synthase inhibitors, and the third and fourth generation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The results of the experimental and clinical studies are encouraging, which leads us to believe that these new molecules can support the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as well as cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Szoka
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycjusz Kolodziejczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-522 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Sukumaran S, Patel HJ, Patel BM. Evaluation of role of telmisartan in combination with 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2016; 154:15-23. [PMID: 27117583 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combination of telmisartan with 5-flourouracil (5-FU) in gastric cancer cachexia induced by administering N-methyl-N'-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). METHOD MNND was administered once daily by oral gavage for two weeks, and saturated NaCl (1ml per rat) was then given once every 3days for 4weeks. 5-FU (75mg/kg, i.v.) was administered once three weeks from 7th to 22nd week. From 7th to 22nd week, telmisartan (5mg/kg, p.o.) was also administered along with 5-FU. RESULT MNNG produced significant decrease in food intake, body weight, caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension worsened hemodyanamics, increased cachexia markers and increased tumor markers like lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyltransferase. MNNG also produced oxidative stress in the stomach tissue. Treatment with combination of telmisartan with 5-FU produced significant increase in food intake and body weight, controlled hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, preserved hemodynamic function, and decreased the cachexia markers while 5-FU alone did not produce any such effects. Further, the combination of telmisartan with 5-FU significantly reduced tumor marker levels, oxidative stress and also significantly decreased the cell proliferation, apoptosis, hyperkeratosis, keratohyaline granules and invasive carcinoma of forestomach and reduced muscle atrophy in tibilias anterior skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that combination of telmisartan with 5-FU treatment is beneficial in controlling cancer cachexia. Telmisartan can be used as an add-on therapy with 5-FU or other traditional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, Verheyen N, Schmid J, Ó Hartaigh BWJ, Richtig G, Scharnagl H, Meinitzer A, Pieske B, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, März W, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Plasma Aldosterone and Renin-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 18:608-13. [PMID: 27098193 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence describes a possible interplay between vitamin D insufficiency with increased aldosterone. The authors sought to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in patients with hypertension and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] insufficiency. The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial was a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted from 2011 to 2014. Two hundred patients with arterial hypertension and 25(OH)D levels <30 ng/mL were enrolled. Study participants were randomized to receive either 2800 IU of vitamin D3 or placebo. The present investigation is a post hoc analysis using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline differences. A total of 188 participants (mean±standard deviation age, 60.1±11.3 years; 47% women; 25(OH)D, 21.2±5.6 ng/mL) completed the trial. Mean differences between baseline and follow-up PAC in the control and intervention arm were +3.3 ng/dL and +0.9 ng/dL, respectively (P=.04). The findings indicate that vitamin D3 supplementation significantly decreases PAC in patients with arterial hypertension and 25(OH)D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Grübler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gaksch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kienreich
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bríain W J Ó Hartaigh
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Georg Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Specialist Clinic for Rehabilitation Bad Aussee, Bad Aussee, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Pan Y, Bian Z, Chen P, Zhu S, Gu H, Guo L, Hu C. Ceramide Production Mediates Aldosterone-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) Damages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146944. [PMID: 26788916 PMCID: PMC4720365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we studied the underlying mechanism of aldosterone (Aldo)-induced vascular endothelial cell damages by focusing on ceramide. We confirmed that Aldo (at nmol/L) inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) survival, and induced considerable cell apoptosis. We propose that ceramide (mainly C18) production might be responsible for Aldo-mediated damages in HUVECs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an anti-ceramide lipid, attenuated Aldo-induced ceramide production and following HUVEC damages. On the other hand, the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor PDMP or the ceramide (C6) potentiated Aldo-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, almost completely blocked Aldo-induced C18 ceramide production and HUVEC damages. Molecularly, ceramide synthase 1 (CerS-1) is required for C18 ceramide production by Aldo. Knockdown of CerS-1 by targeted-shRNA inhibited Aldo-induced C18 ceramide production, and protected HUVECs from Aldo. Reversely, CerS-1 overexpression facilitated Aldo-induced C18 ceramide production, and potentiated HUVEC damages. Together, these results suggest that C18 ceramide production mediates Aldo-mediated HUVEC damages. MR and CerS-1 could be the two signaling molecule regulating C18 ceramide production by Aldo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Zhixiang Bian
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Peihua Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shijian Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Huiyi Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
- * E-mail:
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45
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Zeymer U, Dechend R, Riemer T, Deeg E, Senges J, Pittrow D, Schmieder R. Two-Year Outcomes of Patients Treated With Aliskiren Under Clinical Practice Conditions: Non-Interventional Prospective Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 18:647-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Zeymer
- Medizinische Klinik B; Klinikum Ludwigshafen; Ludwigshafen Germany
- Institut für Herzinfarktforschung; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | | | - Thomas Riemer
- Institut für Herzinfarktforschung; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Evelin Deeg
- Institut für Herzinfarktforschung; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Jochen Senges
- Institut für Herzinfarktforschung; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - David Pittrow
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology; Medical Faculty; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Roland Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Hospital; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
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46
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Silva MAB, Bruder-Nascimento T, Cau SBA, Lopes RAM, Mestriner FLAC, Fais RS, Touyz RM, Tostes RC. Spironolactone treatment attenuates vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice by decreasing oxidative stress and restoring NO/GC signaling. Front Physiol 2015; 6:269. [PMID: 26500555 PMCID: PMC4593519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (DM2) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aldosterone, which has pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system, is positively regulated in DM2. We assessed whether blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) with spironolactone decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated vascular dysfunction and improves vascular nitric oxide (NO) signaling in diabetes. Leptin receptor knockout [LepR(db)/LepR(db) (db/db)] mice, a model of DM2, and their counterpart controls [LepR(db)/LepR(+), (db/+) mice] received spironolactone (50 mg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle (ethanol 1%) via oral per gavage for 6 weeks. Spironolactone treatment abolished endothelial dysfunction and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation (Ser(1177)) in arteries from db/db mice, determined by acetylcholine-induced relaxation and Western Blot analysis, respectively. MR antagonist therapy also abrogated augmented ROS-generation in aorta from diabetic mice, determined by lucigenin luminescence assay. Spironolactone treatment increased superoxide dismutase-1 and catalase expression, improved sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272-induced relaxation, and increased soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) β subunit expression in arteries from db/db mice. Our results demonstrate that spironolactone decreases diabetes-associated vascular oxidative stress and prevents vascular dysfunction through processes involving increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and sGC. These findings further elucidate redox-sensitive mechanisms whereby spironolactone protects against vascular injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcondes A B Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stefany B A Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rheure A M Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiola L A C Mestriner
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Fais
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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47
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Şeker T, Gür M, Uçar H, Türkoğlu C, Baykan AO, Özaltun B, Harbalıoğlu H, Yüksel Kalkan G, Kaypaklı O, Kuloğlu O, Şen Ö, Koç M, Çaylı M. Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with impaired myocardial performance and left ventricle hypertrophy in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 15:744-750. [PMID: 25592096 PMCID: PMC5368484 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The relationship between vitamin D level and left ventricle (LV) myocardial performance index (MPI=Tei index), which incorporates both LV systolic function and diastolic function, was not investigated in previous studies. We hypothesized that vitamin D level may be associated with LV function and geometry. We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) levels and MPI and LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients with newly diagnosed and preserved ejection fraction. METHODS We studied 151 sequential newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects who lived in the Çukurova region without known cardiovascular risk factors or overt heart disease (mean age: 62.8±10.4 years). Serum 25 (OH) D was measured using a direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. The patients were divided into two groups according to serum 25 (OH) D level: vitamin D-non-deficient group (vitamin D≥ 20.00 ng/mL, n=53) and vitamin D-deficient group (vitamin D< 20.00 ng/mL, n=98). MPI was defined as the sum of isovolumic contraction and relaxation times divided by the ejection time. LV mass index (LVMI) was calculated by using the Devereux formula and body surface area. RESULTS MPI and LVMI values were lower and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher in patients who were vitamin D-non-deficient than patients who were vitamin D-deficient (p<0.05 for all). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D was independently associated with MPI (β=-0.426, p<0.001), LVMI (β=-0.345, p=<0.001), and LDL (β=0.140, p<0.026). CONCLUSION Lower serum 25 (OH) D levels are significantly associated with impaired myocardial performance and LVMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Şeker
- Department of Cardiology, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital; Adana-Turkey.
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Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade prevents vascular remodelling in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:533-45. [PMID: 25967696 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), which are activated by mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, actively participate in mechanisms that affect the structure and function of blood vessels. Although experimental and clinical evidence shows that vascular damage in diabetes is associated with structural alterations in large and small arteries, the role of MR in this process needs further studies. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that MR, through redox-sensitive mechanisms, plays a role in diabetes-associated vascular remodelling. Male, 12-14-weeks-old db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes and their non-diabetic counterpart controls (db/+) were treated with spironolactone (MR antagonist, 50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 6 weeks. Spironolactone treatment did not affect blood pressure, fasting glucose levels or weight gain, but increased serum potassium and total cholesterol in both, diabetic and control mice. In addition, spironolactone significantly reduced serum insulin levels, but not aldosterone levels in diabetic mice. Insulin sensitivity, evaluated by the HOMA (homoeostatic model assessment)-index, was improved in spironolactone-treated diabetic mice. Mesenteric resistance arteries from vehicle-treated db/db mice exhibited inward hypertrophic remodelling, increased number of smooth muscle cells and increased vascular stiffness. These structural changes, determined by morphometric analysis and with a myography for pressurized arteries, were prevented by spironolactone treatment. Arteries from vehicle-treated db/db mice also exhibited augmented collagen content, determined by Picrosirius Red staining and Western blotting, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence, as well as increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidases 1 and 4 and increased activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Spironolactone treatment prevented all these changes, indicating that MR importantly contributes to diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress and by increasing the activity of redox-sensitive proteins.
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49
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Zhou X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiang D, Wang H. Activation of κ-opioid receptor by U50,488H improves vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25887435 PMCID: PMC4355970 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that activation of κ-opioid receptor (KOR) by U50,488H exhibits potential cardiovascular protective properties. However, the effects of U50,488H on vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) are still not clear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of U50,488H on vascular dysfunction in diabetic rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into control, DM, DM + vehicle, DM + U50,488H and DM + nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) groups. Streptozotocin injection was used to induce DM. Weight, blood glucose, blood pressure and plasma insulin for each group were measured. Arterial functions were assessed with isolated vessels mounted for isometric tension recordings. Angiotensin II (ANG II), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 translocation were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Activation of KOR by U50,488H reduced the enhanced contractility of aortas to KCl and noradrenaline and increased acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation, which could also protect the aortal ultrastructure in DM. U50,488H treatment resulted in reduction in ANG II, sICAM-1, IL-6 and IL-8 levels and elevation in NO levels, while these effects were abolished by nor-BNI treatment. Further more, eNOS phosphorylation was increased, and NF-κB p65 translocation was decreased after U50,488H treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that U50,488H may have therapeutic effects on diabetic vascular dysfunction by improving endothelial dysfunction and attenuating chronic inflammation, which may be dependent on phosphorylation of eNOS and downstream inhibition of NF-кB.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Male
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Streptozocin
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guang Zhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510011, China.
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guang Zhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510011, China.
| | - Dingcheng Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guang Zhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510011, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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50
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Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: from basic science to clinical practice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3133-47. [PMID: 25647414 PMCID: PMC4346884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two growing epidemics associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They often coexist due to common risk factors and shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients presenting with both HF and AF have a worse prognosis and present a particular therapeutic challenge to clinicians. This review aims to appraise the common pathophysiological background, as well as the prognostic and therapeutic implications of coexistent HF and AF.
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