1
|
Cellular and Molecular Signatures of Oxidative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cell Models Injured by Cigarette Smoke Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031770. [PMID: 35163691 PMCID: PMC8836577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the airways epithelium to environmental insults, including cigarette smoke, results in increased oxidative stress due to unbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants. Oxidative stress is a feature of inflammation and promotes the progression of chronic lung diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Increased oxidative stress leads to exhaustion of antioxidant defenses, alterations in autophagy/mitophagy and cell survival regulatory mechanisms, thus promoting cell senescence. All these events are amplified by the increase of inflammation driven by oxidative stress. Several models of bronchial epithelial cells are used to study the molecular mechanisms and the cellular functions altered by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure, and to test the efficacy of molecules with antioxidant properties. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of human in-vitro and ex-vivo studies published from 2011 to 2021 describing the molecular and cellular mechanisms evoked by CSE exposure in bronchial epithelial cells, the most used experimental models and the mechanisms of action of cellular antioxidants systems as well as natural and synthetic antioxidant compounds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Michaeloudes C, Abubakar-Waziri H, Lakhdar R, Raby K, Dixey P, Adcock IM, Mumby S, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:101026. [PMID: 34625291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the NADPH oxidases (Nox) generate low levels of intracellular ROS that act as signal transduction mediators by inducing oxidative modifications of histones, enzymes and transcription factors. Redox signalling is also regulated by localised production and sensing of ROS in mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inside the nucleus. Intracellular ROS are maintained at low levels through the action of a battery of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Asthma is a heterogeneous airway inflammatory disease with different immune endotypes; these include atopic or non-atopic Th2 type immune response associated with eosinophilia, or a non-Th2 response associated with neutrophilia. Airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness accompany the inflammatory response in asthma. Over-production of ROS resulting from infiltrating immune cells, particularly eosinophils and neutrophils, and a concomitant impairment of antioxidant responses lead to development of oxidative stress in asthma. Oxidative stress is augmented in severe asthma and during exacerbations, as well as by air pollution and obesity, and causes oxidative damage of tissues promoting airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, deregulated Nox activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and/or oxidative DNA damage, resulting from exposure to irritants, inflammatory mediators or obesity, may lead to redox-dependent changes in cell signalling. ROS play a central role in airway epithelium-mediated sensing, development of innate and adaptive immune responses, and airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. Nonetheless, antioxidant compounds have proven clinically ineffective as therapeutic agents for asthma, partly due to issues with stability and in vivo metabolism of these compounds. The compartmentalised nature of ROS production and sensing, and the role of ROS in homeostatic responses and in the action of corticosteroids and β2-adrenergic receptor agonists, adds another layer of complexity to antioxidant therapy development. Nox inhibitors and mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants are in clinical development for a number of diseases but they have not yet been investigated in asthma. A better understanding of the complex role of ROS in the pathogenesis of asthma will highlight new opportunities for more targeted and effective redox therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Michaeloudes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
| | - Hisham Abubakar-Waziri
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Lakhdar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Dixey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montalbano AM, Chiappara G, Albano GD, Ferraro M, Di Sano C, Vitulo P, Pipitone L, Ricciardolo FLM, Anzalone G, Profita M. Expression/Activation of PAR-1 in Airway Epithelial Cells of COPD Patients: Ex Vivo/In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910703. [PMID: 34639044 PMCID: PMC8509732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of PAR-1 expression and activation was described in epithelial cells from the central and distal airways of COPD patients using an ex vivo/in vitro model. PAR-1 immunoreactivity was studied in epithelial cells from surgical specimens of the central and distal airways of COPD patients and healthy control (HC). Furthermore, PAR-1 expression and activation were measured in both the human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) (10%) or thrombin. Finally, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and IL-8 release were detected in stimulated NHBEs. We identified higher levels of PAR-1 expression/activation in epithelial cells from the central airways of COPD patients than in HC. Active PAR-1 increased in epithelial cells from central and distal airways of COPD, with higher levels in COPD smokers (correlated with pack-years) than in COPD ex-smokers. 16HBE and NHBEs exposed to CSE or thrombin showed increased levels of active PAR-1 (localized in the cytoplasm) than baseline conditions, while NHBEs treated with thrombin or CSE showed increased levels of IL-8 proteins, with an additional effect when used in combination. Smoking habits generate the upregulation of PAR-1 expression/activation in airway epithelial cells, and promoting IL-8 release might affect the recruitment of infiltrating cells in the airways of COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Patrizio Vitulo
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.V.); (L.P.)
| | - Loredana Pipitone
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.V.); (L.P.)
| | | | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.D.A.); (M.F.); (C.D.S.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loading of Beclomethasone in Liposomes and Hyalurosomes Improved with Mucin as Effective Approach to Counteract the Oxidative Stress Generated by Cigarette Smoke Extract. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040850. [PMID: 33810420 PMCID: PMC8065961 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work beclomethasone dipropionate was loaded into liposomes and hyalurosomes modified with mucin to improve the ability of the payload to counteract the oxidative stress and involved damages caused by cigarette smoke in the airway. The vesicles were prepared by dispersing all components in the appropriate vehicle and sonicating them, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. Unilamellar and bilamellar vesicles small in size (~117 nm), homogeneously dispersed (polydispersity index lower than 0.22) and negatively charged (~−11 mV), were obtained. Moreover, these vesicle dispersions were stable for five months at room temperature (~25 °C). In vitro studies performed using the Next Generation Impactor confirmed the suitability of the formulations to be nebulized as they were capable of reaching the last stages of the impactor that mimic the deeper airways, thus improving the deposition of beclomethasone in the target site. Further, biocompatibility studies performed by using 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells confirmed the high biocompatibility and safety of all the vesicles. Among the tested formulations, only mucin-hyalurosomes were capable of effectively counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that this formulation may represent a promising tool to reduce the damaging effects of cigarette smoke in the lung tissues, thus reducing the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-associated diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Anzalone G, Arcoleo G, Bucchieri F, Montalbano AM, Marchese R, Albano GD, Di Sano C, Moscato M, Gagliardo R, Ricciardolo FLM, Profita M. Cigarette smoke affects the onco-suppressor DAB2IP expression in bronchial epithelial cells of COPD patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15682. [PMID: 31666665 PMCID: PMC6821751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for COPD and lung cancer. In cancer, epigenetic modifications affect the expression of Enhancer of Zester Homolog 2 (EZH2), and silenced disabled homolog 2 interacting protein gene (DAB2IP) (onco-suppressor gene) by Histone H3 tri-methylation in lysine 27 (H3K27me3). In"ex vivo"studies, we assessed EZH2, H3K27me3 and DAB2IP immunoreactivity in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients (smokers, ex-smokers), Smoker and control subjects. In"in vitro" experiments we studied the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on EZH2/H3K27me3/DAB2IP expression, apoptosis, invasiveness, and vimentin expression in 16HBE, primary cells, and lung cancer cell lines (A549) long-term exposed to CSE. Finally, in "in vitro"studies, we tested the effect of GSK343 (selective inhibitor of EZH2). EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression was higher, while DAB2IP was lower levels, in bronchial epithelium from COPD and Smokers than in Controls. CSE increased EZH2, H3K27me3 expression and decreased DAB2IP, cell apoptosis and invasiveness in epithelial cells. GSK343 restored the effects of CSE. Cigarette smoke affects EZH2 expression, and reduced DAB2IP via H3K27me3 in COPD patients. The molecular mechanisms associated with EZH2 expression, generate a dysregulation of cell apoptosis, mesenchymal transition, and cell invasiveness in bronchial epithelial cells, encouraging the progression of airway inflammation toward lung cancer in COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arcoleo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela M Montalbano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Marchese
- InterventionalPulmonology Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy D Albano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mirella Profita
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalemci S, Sarıhan A, Zeybek A, Şimşek A, Taşdemir N. Comparison of oxidant/antioxidant balance in COPD and non-COPD smokers. Heart Lung 2019; 48:574. [PMID: 31451206 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Kalemci
- Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Aydın Sarıhan
- Manisa City Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Arife Zeybek
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Surgery, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Şimşek
- Bursa Chest Disease Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nihat Taşdemir
- Department of Radiology, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nadeem A, Al-Harbi NO, Alfardan AS, Ahmad SF, AlAsmari AF, Al-Harbi MM. IL-17A-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation is mediated by oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and inflammatory cytokines in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1196-1204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
8
|
Montalbano AM, Di Sano C, Chiappara G, Riccobono L, Bonanno A, Anzalone G, Vitulo P, Pipitone L, Gjomarkaj M, Pieper MP, Ricciardolo FLM, Gagliardo RP, Profita M. Cigarette smoke and non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airway epithelium of COPD patients. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5856-5868. [PMID: 29226951 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), synthesized by Choline Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT), exerts its physiological effects via mAChRM3 in epithelial cells. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke affects ChAT, ACh, and mAChRM3 expression in the airways from COPD patients promoting airway disease. ChAT, ACh, and mAChRM3 were assessed: "ex vivo" in the epithelium from central and distal airways of COPD patients, Healthy Smoker (S) and Healthy Subjects (C), and "in vitro" in bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In central airways, mAChRM3, ChAT, and ACh immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the epithelium from S and COPD than in C subjects. mAChRM3, ChAT, and ACh score of immunoreactivity was high in the metaplastia area of COPD patients. mAChRM3/ChAT and ACh/ChAT co-localization of immunoreactivity was observed in the bronchial epithelium from COPD. In vitro, CSE stimulation significantly increased mAChRM3, ChAT, and ACh expression and mAChRM3/ChAT and ACh/ChAT co-localization in 16HBE and NHBE, and increased 16HBE proliferation. Cigarette smoke modifies the levels of mAChMR3, ChAT expression, and ACh production in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients. Non-neuronal components of cholinergic system may have a role in the mechanism of bronchial epithelial cell proliferation, promoting alteration of normal tissue, and of related pulmonary functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizio Vitulo
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Pipitone
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosalia P Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cianchetti S, Cardini C, Corti A, Menegazzi M, Darra E, Ingrassia E, Pompella A, Paggiaro P. The beclomethasone anti-inflammatory effect occurs in cell/mediator-dependent manner and is additively enhanced by formoterol: NFkB, p38, PKA analysis. Life Sci 2018; 203:27-38. [PMID: 29660434 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/FOR) has been reported to be more effective than its separate components in airway disease control and in airway inflammation improvement. However, BDP/FOR effects on cytokine-induced inflammation in structural cells have not been described and whether these effects occur in a cell- and mediator-dependent manner has not been fully elucidated. We sought to evaluate BDP and/or FOR effects on endothelial ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-8 and on bronchial epithelial ICAM-1 and IL-8. Specific intracellular signaling pathways were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface adhesion molecule expression and IL-8 release induced by TNF-alpha were measured by ELISA. Intracellular signaling pathways were investigated by a) EMSA and Western blot analysis to evaluate NF-κB DNA-binding and MAPK-p38 phosphorylation; b) PDTC/SB203580 as NF-κB/p38 inhibitors; c) forskolin/H-89 as PKA activator/inhibitor. KEY FINDINGS BDP/FOR additively reduced endothelial E-selectin and IL-8 as well as bronchial epithelial ICAM-1 and IL-8. BDP/FOR and SB203580 showed the highest inhibitory effect on epithelial IL-8, whereas endothelial ICAM-1 was never affected by BDP/FOR and PDTC. TNF-alpha-induced NF-κB DNA-binding and MAPK-p38 phosphorylation were not influenced by BDP/FOR. Forskolin mimicked FOR effects; H-89 partially reversed the BDP/FOR inhibition in a mediator-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE The BDP/FOR inhibition degree was related to the inflammatory mediator- and cell-type considered. FOR additively enhanced BDP effects by partially involving both dependent- and independent-PKA mechanisms. Our results might contribute to highlight the strong relationship between specific molecular pathways and different sensitivity to the corticosteroid/β2-agonist effects and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the BDP/FOR anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Cianchetti
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cardini
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Darra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Activation of IL-17 receptor leads to increased oxidative inflammation in peripheral monocytes of autistic children. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:335-344. [PMID: 28935156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of children are affected by different neurodevelopmental disorders, out of which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses a major hurdle to normal life style due to associated behavioral abnormalities. Several studies have shown an increased expression/release of Th17 related cytokine, IL-17A in ASD. IL-17A may enhance neuroinflammation via its IL-17A receptor, i.e. IL-17RA expressed in immune cells (such as monocytes) of autistic children. Increased oxidative stress has been implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including ASD. However, whether IL-17A/IL-17RA signaling contributes to oxidative inflammation in monocytes of autistic children has not been explored previously. With this background, we performed this study in peripheral monocytes of ASD patients and age-matched typically developing children. Our study shows that ASD individuals have increased IL-17RA expression in monocytes which is associated with increased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitrotyrosine expression as compared to typically developing children. Moreover, in vitro activation of IL-17 receptor by IL-17A in monocytes isolated from ASD individuals leads to enhanced iNOS expression via NFκB pathway. IL-17RA antibody treatment in vitro reversed IL-17A-induced increase in NFκB and iNOS/nitrotyrosine expression in monocytes isolated from ASD subjects. These data connect increased IL-17A/IL-17RA signaling in ASD patients with enhanced oxidative inflammation in monocytes. Therefore, IL-17 receptor signaling in monocytes may potentiate the effects of IL-17A released by other immune cells and may aggravate neuroinflammation in ASD. Our study further suggests that blockade of IL-17A/IL-17 receptor signaling may be beneficial in the children with ASD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferraro M, Gjomarkaj M, Siena L, Di Vincenzo S, Pace E. Formoterol and fluticasone propionate combination improves histone deacetylation and anti-inflammatory activities in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1718-1727. [PMID: 28483577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) to corticosteroids improves asthma control. Cigarette smoke exposure, increasing oxidative stress, may negatively affect corticosteroid responses. The anti-inflammatory effects of formoterol (FO) and fluticasone propionate (FP) in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) are unknown. AIMS This study explored whether FP, alone and in combination with FO, in human bronchial epithelial cellline (16-HBE) and primary bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE), counteracted some CSE-mediated effects and in particular some of the molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance. METHODS 16-HBE and NHBE were stimulated with CSE, FP and FO alone or combined. HDAC3 and HDAC2 activity, nuclear translocation of GR and NF-κB, pERK1/2/tERK1/2 ratio, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA expression, and mitochondrial ROS were evaluated. Actin reorganization in neutrophils was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using the phalloidin method. RESULTS In 16-HBE, CSE decreased expression/activity of HDAC3, activity of HDAC2, nuclear translocation of GR and increased nuclear NF-κB expression, pERK 1/2/tERK1/2 ratio, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. In NHBE, CSE increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and supernatants from CSE exposed NHBE increased actin reorganization in neutrophils. FP combined with FO reverted all these phenomena in CSE stimulated 16-HBE cells as well as in NHBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides compelling evidences that FP combined with FO may contribute to revert some processes related to steroid resistance induced by oxidative stress due to cigarette smoke exposure increasing the anti-inflammatory effects of FP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Siena L, Chiappara G, Dino P, Vitulo P, Bertani A, Saibene F, Lanata L, Gjomarkaj M. Effects of Carbocysteine and Beclomethasone on Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation Processes in Cigarette Smoke Exposed Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2851-2859. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Liboria Siena
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| | - Patrizio Vitulo
- Mediterranean Institute for Tranplantation and for High Specialised Therapies (ISMETT); Palermo Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertani
- Mediterranean Institute for Tranplantation and for High Specialised Therapies (ISMETT); Palermo Italy
| | | | | | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siew LQC, Wu SY, Ying S, Corrigan CJ. Cigarette smoking increases bronchial mucosal IL-17A expression in asthmatics, which acts in concert with environmental aeroallergens to engender neutrophilic inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:740-750. [PMID: 28211191 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild asthmatics who smoke cigarettes may develop unstable disease and neutrophilic infiltration of the airways, features more usually associated with severe asthmatic disease. The mechanisms giving rise to this response remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To address the hypothesis that smoking increases bronchial mucosal production of IL-17A which acts on bronchial epithelial cells directly and in concert with other environmental stimuli to induce the production of IL-6 and neutrophil chemotaxins. METHODS IL-17A, IL-8, IL-6, neutrophils and eosinophils were detected and quantified by immunohistochemistry in endobronchial biopsy sections from smoking and non-smoking asthmatics. Human tracheal epithelial cells (HTEpC) were cultured with IL-17A in the presence/absence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and aeroallergens lacking intrinsic protease activity, and IL-6 and IL-8 production measured in vitro. RESULTS Expression of IL-17A, IL-6 and IL-8 and neutrophil numbers was significantly elevated in the bronchial mucosa of the asthmatic smokers compared to the non-smokers. Expression of IL-17A correlated with that of IL-8 and neutrophil numbers. In the smoking asthmatics, eosinophil numbers also correlated with expression of IL-8 and IL-17A. Exposure of HTEpC cells to both CSE and IL-17A increased expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent and synergistic manner. Co-stimulation with CSE, IL-17A and aeroallergens further increased IL-6 and IL-8 production synergistically. CONCLUSIONS The data support the hypothesis that asthmatic smokers develop neutrophilic inflammation of the airways propagated at least partly by smoke-induced production of IL-17A which together with smoke and other environmental stimuli acts on airways epithelial cells to induce neutrophil chemotaxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Q C Siew
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC-Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S-Y Wu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC-Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Ying
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC-Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC-Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Romberger DJ, Heires AJ, Nordgren TM, Poole JA, Toews ML, West WW, Wyatt TA. β2-Adrenergic agonists attenuate organic dust-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L101-10. [PMID: 27190062 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00125.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural dust exposure results in significant lung inflammation, and individuals working in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are at risk for chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to aqueous extracts of hog CAFO dusts (HDE) leads to inflammatory cytokine production that is driven by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-activating agents can inhibit PKC activation in epithelial cells, leading to reduced inflammatory cytokine production following HDE exposure. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonists (β2-agonists) activate PKA, and we hypothesized that β2-agonists would beneficially impact HDE-induced adverse airway inflammatory consequences. Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with the short-acting β2-agonist salbutamol or the long-acting β2-agonist salmeterol prior to stimulation with HDE. β2-Agonist treatment significantly increased PKA activation and significantly decreased HDE-stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Salbutamol treatment significantly reduced HDE-induced intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion to epithelial cells. Using an established intranasal inhalation exposure model, we found that salbutamol pretreatment reduced airway neutrophil influx and IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CXCL2 release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following a one-time exposure to HDE. Likewise, when mice were pretreated daily with salbutamol prior to HDE exposure for 3 wk, HDE-induced neutrophil influx and inflammatory mediator production were also reduced. The severity of HDE-induced lung pathology in mice repetitively exposed to HDE for 3 wk was also decreased with daily salbutamol pretreatment. Together, these results support the need for future clinical investigations to evaluate the utility of β2-agonist therapies in the treatment of airway inflammation associated with CAFO dust exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra J Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska;
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Myron L Toews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - William W West
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of High, Medium, and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an In Vitro Model of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8727289. [PMID: 27212811 PMCID: PMC4860232 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8727289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17A is involved in the activation of oxidative stress and inflammation in nasal epithelial cells. Hyaluronan (HA) in its high molecular weight form (HMW-HA) shows anti-inflammatory responses in contrast to low and medium molecular weight HA (LMW-HA and MMW-HA). The aim of this study was to investigate the pro- or anti-inflammatory biologic function of HA at different molecular weight in an in vitro model of nasal inflammation IL-17A mediated. We evaluated the ERK1/2 and IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κB signal pathway activation, ROS production, IL-8 and NOX-4 protein, and mRNA levels, in nasal epithelial cells RPMI 2650 stimulated with recombinant human (rh) IL-17A. Furthermore, the cells were treated with HMW-HA, MMW-HA, LMW-HA, and U0126. Our results showed that rhIL-17A increased the ERK1/2, IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB signal pathway activation, ROS production, IL-8 and NOX-4 proteins, and mRNA levels. The addiction of HMW-HA or U0126 showed a significant downregulatory effect on inflammation due to the rhIL-17A stimulation in nasal epithelial cells. IL-17A is able to generate oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway in nasal epithelial cells. The HMW-HA might represent a coadjuvant of the classic anti-inflammatory/antioxidative treatment of nasal epithelial cells during IL-17A nasal inflammation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Montalbano AM, Riccobono L, Siena L, Chiappara G, Di Sano C, Anzalone G, Gagliardo R, Ricciardolo FLM, Sorbello V, Pipitone L, Vitulo P, Profita M. Cigarette smoke affects IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17 receptor expression in the lung tissue: Ex vivo and in vitro studies. Cytokine 2015; 76:391-402. [PMID: 26198032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Th-17 cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. We aimed to evaluate the role of cigarette smoke on the expression of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17R in airways of COPD patients. Epithelial and subepithelial immunoreactivity for IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17R was assessed in surgical specimens from COPD patients (n=15) and from healthy subjects (HC) (n=10) by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, human epithelial cell line 16HBE and A549 as well as PBMC from normal donors were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) to evaluate the IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17R expression by flow cytometry. Furthermore, rhIL-17A and CSE stimulation was evaluated on proliferation and apoptosis in 16HBE and in A549. In central and distal airways immunoreactivity for IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17R significantly increased in the epithelium and IL-17A in the subepithelium from COPD than in HC. In distal airway, immunoreactivity for IL-17F increased in the subepithelium of COPD than in HC. IL-17A immunoreactivity positively correlate with IL-17R and total pack years in the epithelium from central and distal airways of COPD patients. In vitro, CSE stimulation significantly increased IL-17F and IL-17R in 16HBE (2.5%) and A549 (5%) while IL-17A and IL-17F in PBMC (10%). IL-17A and CSE stimulation, rather than CSE or rhIL-17A alone, significantly increased proliferation in 16HBE and apoptosis in A549. Cigarette smoke increases Th17 immunity in lung tissue of COPD patients, promoting the mechanism of proliferation and apoptosis in airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marina Montalbano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Liboria Siena
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Sorbello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Pipitone
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizio Vitulo
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ricciardolo FLM, Sorbello V, Benedetto S, Paleari D. Effect of Ambroxol and Beclomethasone on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitrosative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Respiration 2015; 89:572-82. [PMID: 25998443 DOI: 10.1159/000381905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosative stress is involved in different airway diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neutrophil-related cytokine release and nitrosative stress in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells alone or with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Ambroxol protects against oxidative stress, and beclomethasone dipropionate is an anti-inflammatory drug. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the ability of ambroxol and/or beclomethasone dipropionate to inhibit LPS-induced expression/release of RANTES, IL-8, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT: nitrosative stress biomarker) in BEAS-2B ± PMNs stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml). METHODS The effect of ambroxol and/or beclomethasone dipropionate on IL-8, RANTES and iNOS levels was assessed by Western blot analysis; IL-8, MPO and 3-NT levels were measured by ELISA. Cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. RESULTS In BEAS-2B alone, LPS (at 12 h) increased RANTES/iNOS expression and IL-8 levels (p < 0.001). Ambroxol suppressed LPS-induced RANTES expression and IL-8 release (p < 0.001), whilst inhibiting iNOS expression (p < 0.05). Beclomethasone dipropionate had no effect on RANTES but halved iNOS expression and IL-8 release. Coculture of BEAS-2B with PMNs stimulated IL-8, MPO and 3-NT production (p < 0.001), potentiated by LPS (p < 0.001). Ambroxol and beclomethasone dipropionate inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-8, MPO and 3-NT release (p < 0.05). Ambroxol/beclomethasone dipropionate combination potentiated the inhibition of IL-8 and 3-NT production in BEAS-2B with PMNs (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Ambroxol and/or beclomethasone dipropionate inhibited nitrosative stress and the release of neutrophilic inflammatory products in vitro. CONCLUSION The additive effect of ambroxol and beclomethasone dipropionate on IL-8 and 3-NT inhibition suggests new therapeutic options in the treatment of neutrophil-related respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
The danger model approach to the pathogenesis of the rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:506089. [PMID: 25973436 PMCID: PMC4417989 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The danger model was proposed by Polly Matzinger as complement to the traditional self-non-self- (SNS-) model to explain the immunoreactivity. The danger model proposes a central role of the tissular cells' discomfort as an element to prime the immune response processes in opposition to the traditional SNS-model where foreignness is a prerequisite. However recent insights in the proteomics of diverse tissular cells have revealed that under stressful conditions they have a significant potential to initiate, coordinate, and perpetuate autoimmune processes, in many cases, ruling over the adaptive immune response cells; this ruling potential can also be confirmed by observations in several genetically manipulated animal models. Here, we review the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease and provide realistic approaches based on the logic of the danger model. We assume that tissular dysfunction is a prerequisite for chronic autoimmunity and propose two genetically conferred hypothetical roles for the tissular cells causing the disease: (A) the Impaired cell and (B) the paranoid cell. Both roles are not mutually exclusive. Some examples in human disease and in animal models are provided based on current evidence.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vocca L, Di Sano C, Uasuf CG, Sala A, Riccobono L, Gangemi S, Albano GD, Bonanno A, Gagliardo R, Profita M. IL-33/ST2 axis controls Th2/IL-31 and Th17 immune response in allergic airway diseases. Immunobiology 2015; 220:954-63. [PMID: 25747940 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 targeting ST2 receptor (T1/ST2), expressed on Th2 cell surface, regulates the production of cytokines like IL-17A and IL-31. We studied the role of IL-33/ST2 axis in IL-31 and IL-17A production in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and with concomitant allergic asthma and rhinitis (AAR). 20 healthy control subjects (HC), 14 AR and 17 AAR subjects were recruited and blood samples collected. IL-33, soluble ST2 (sST2), IL-17A and IL-31 plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA method. T1/ST2, IL-31 and IL-17A cellular expression were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HC, AR and AAR (n=6 for each group) by flow-cytometry. In vitro, we also evaluated the effect of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on T1/ST2, IL-31 and IL-17A expression in CD3(+)T-cells from PBMC of AAR (n=6). Plasma levels of IL-33, IL-31 and IL-17A were significantly higher and sST2 was lower in patients with AR and AAR than in HC. IL-31 and IL-17A intracellular levels significantly increased, whereas T1/ST2 expression was significantly lower, in CD3(+)T-cells from AR and AAR compared to HC. Positive correlations were observed between plasmatic components of IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-31 in both AR and AAR and IL-17A in AAR. In vitro IL-31 and IL-17A intracellular levels decreased after BDP treatment, whereas T1/ST2 expression increased in cultured CD3(+)T-cells obtained from AAR. IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in Th2/IL-31 and Th17 immune response during the progression of allergic airway disease. In vitro BDP is able to control Th2/IL-31 and Th17 immune response in PBMC from allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Vocca
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Carina G Uasuf
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Toledo M, Springer J, Busquets S, Tschirner A, López-Soriano FJ, Anker SD, Argilés JM. Formoterol in the treatment of experimental cancer cachexia: effects on heart function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:315-20. [PMID: 25167857 PMCID: PMC4248407 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-014-0153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Formoterol is a highly potent β2-adrenoceptor-selective agonist, which is a muscle growth promoter in many animal species, resulting in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Previous studies carried out in our laboratory have shown that formoterol treatment in tumour-bearing animals resulted in an amelioration of muscle loss through different mechanisms that include muscle apoptosis and proteolysis. METHODS The study presented involved rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites tumour model-which induces a high degree of cachexia-treated with the beta-2 agonist formoterol (0.3 mg/kg BW). RESULTS The administration of formoterol to cachectic tumour-bearing rats resulted in a significant reduction of muscle weight loss. The treatment also increased lean body mass and body water. The treatment, however, did not influence heart weight, which was much decreased as a result of tumour burden. Untreated tumour-bearing rats showed important changes in parameters related with heart function:, left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction, fractional shortening, LV diameter and volume (diastolic) and LV stroke volume, LV mass and posterior wall thickness (PWT) (both systolic and diastolic). The administration of formoterol affected LV diameter and volume, LV stroke volume and LV mass. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that formoterol treatment, in addition to reducing muscle wasting, does not negatively alter heart function-in fact, some cardiac parameters are improved-in animals affected by cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|