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Martins N, Moutinho S, Magalhães R, Pousão-Ferreira P, Oliva-Teles A, Peres H, Castro C. Oleic acid as modulator of oxidative stress in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed high dietary lipid levels. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110929. [PMID: 38061580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the benefits of oleic acid (OA) have been established in mammals, its effects on fish remain understudied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of OA in the liver, intestine, and muscle of European sea bass juveniles fed diets containing different lipid levels. For that purpose, six diets with 16 or 22% lipids and 0, 1, and 2% OA were formulated and triplicate groups of European sea bass juveniles (21.4 g) were fed with these experimental diets for 9 weeks. Increasing dietary lipid levels or OA supplementation did not affect antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver and muscle. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the intestine increased with both the dietary lipid and OA levels, while glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity increased only with dietary OA supplementation. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione (tGSH) content were higher in the liver and intestine of fish fed the low-lipid diets, while in the high-lipid diets it was lower in the muscle than in the liver and intestine. Present findings suggest that OA plays a role in the antioxidant defense mechanisms of European sea bass, particularly at the intestine level, but additional research is required to further assess the potential benefits of incorporating OA into the diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 289; 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Sara Moutinho
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 289; 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 289; 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 289; 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 289; 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carolina Castro
- FLATLANTIC - Atividades Piscícolas, S.A. - Rua dos Aceiros s/n, 3070-732 Praia de Mira, Portugal
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Shan K, Fu G, Li J, Qi Y, Feng N, Li Y, Chen YQ. Cis-monounsaturated fatty acids inhibit ferroptosis through downregulation of transferrin receptor 1. Nutr Res 2023; 118:29-40. [PMID: 37544230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of cell death mediated by lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various pathological processes. Although monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) can inhibit ferroptotic lipid peroxidation, the underlying structural mechanism of this antagonistic effect remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that MUFAs with different structures (including chain length, conformation, and double bond position) may affect their regulatory effect on ferroptosis. In this study, 11 MUFAs with varying structures were screened to identify those with an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis. Results from 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assays indicated that only exogenous MUFAs with cis-conformation and centered double bond could inhibit ferroptosis. Meanwhile, it was found that suppressing the expression of SCD1 and SCD5 genes could sensitize cells to ferroptosis indicating the protective role of endogenous MUFA against ferroptosis. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that cis-MUFAs with centered double bond downregulated the protein levels of transferrin receptor 1. Flow cytometry confirmed that these MUFAs led to decreases in intracellular iron, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. It was also found that SCD1 inhibitor could enhance ferroptosis inducer-mediated tumor suppression both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these findings shed light on the particular structural features of MUFAs that contribute to their ferroptosis-resistant properties and suggest the potential therapeutic relevance of natural MUFAs in a range of ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Guoling Fu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yumin Qi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Zhejiang Tianxiazhengfang Agricultural Development Limited, Wucheng Linjiang Industrial Park 1, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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3
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Fatty acids act on vascular endothelial cells and influence the development of cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 165:106704. [PMID: 36621562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) maintain the health of blood vessels and prevent the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Free saturated fatty acids (FAs) induce EC damage and increase the risk of CVD by promoting arteriosclerosis. Conversely, polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid, are thought to suppress EC damage induced during the early stages of CVD. This review describes the effects of multiple dietary FAs on EC disorders involved in the development of CVD. The roles of FAs in atherosclerosis and CVD were analyzed by evaluating articles published in PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Saturated FAs were found to induce EC damage by reducing the production and action of EC-derived nitric oxide. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and the renin-angiotensin system were found to be involved in EC disorder. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs were found to reduce EC dysfunction and prevent the development of EC disorder. These results indicate that FAs may affect EC failure induced during the early stages of CVD and reduce the risk of developing the disease.
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu L, Bai B, Shi L, Zhang Q. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Reveals Metabolic Changes Associated with Hypertension in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040836. [PMID: 36839194 PMCID: PMC9964282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of hypertension in children remains elusive. The objective of this study was to analyze plasma metabolomics characteristics to explore the potential mechanism of hypertension in children. Serum samples from 29 control children, 38 children with normal body mass index and simple hypertension (NBp), 8 children overweight with simple hypertension (OBp), 37 children with normal body mass index and H-type hypertension (NH) and 19 children overweight with H-type hypertension (OH) were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics. A total of 1235 differential metabolites were identified between children with hypertension and normal controls, of which 193 metabolites including various lipids were significantly expressed. Compared with the control group, 3-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, oleic acid and linoleic acid were up-regulated, and gamma-muricholic acid was down-regulated in the NBp group; 3-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 4-acetamidobutanoate and 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecadienoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphocholine were up-regulated in the OBp group, whereas adenosine and 1-myristoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphocholine were down-regulated; in the NH group, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, phenol and 3-methoxytyramine were up-regulated, while pentadecanoic acid was down-regulated; in the OH group, NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and monoethyl phthalate were up-regulated, while phloretin and glycine were down-regulated. The results showed that the children with hypertension had obvious disorders of lipid metabolism (especially in the overweight hypertension group), which led to the occurrence of hypertension. Additionally, the concentration of NO production-related NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, was significantly increased, which may play an important role in H-type hypertension in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Baoling Bai
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Q.Z.)
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5
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Physiological Doses of Oleic and Palmitic Acids Protect Human Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165217. [PMID: 36014457 PMCID: PMC9415781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed to be a pathogenic mechanism to induce endothelial dysfunction and the onset of cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of free fatty acids can cause oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial uncoupling but, at physiological concentrations, they are essential for cell and tissue function and olive oil free fatty acids have proved to exhibit beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that realistic concentrations within the physiological range of oleic (OA) and palmitic (PA) acids could be beneficial in the prevention of oxidative stress in vascular endothelium. Hence, pre-treatment and co-treatment with realistic physiological doses of palmitic and oleic acids were tested on cultured endothelial cells submitted to a chemically induced oxidative stress to investigate their potential chemo-protective effect. Cell viability and markers of oxidative status: reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were evaluated. As a conclusion, the increased ROS generation induced by stress was significantly prevented by a pre- and co-treatment with PA or OA. Moreover, pre- and co-treatment of cells with FFAs recovered the stress-induced MDA concentration to control values and significantly recovered depleted GSH and normalized GPx and GR activities. Finally, pre- and co-treatment of cells with physiological concentrations of PA or OA in the low micromolar range conferred a substantial protection of cell viability against an oxidative insult.
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Gindlhuber J, Schinagl M, Liesinger L, Darnhofer B, Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Hepatocyte Proteome Alterations Induced by Individual and Combinations of Common Free Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3356. [PMID: 35328776 PMCID: PMC8951603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a pathology with a hard-to-detect onset and is estimated to be present in a quarter of the adult human population. To improve our understanding of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we treated a human hepatoma cell line model, HepG2, with increasing concentrations of common fatty acids, namely myristic, palmitic and oleic acid. To reproduce more physiologically representative conditions, we also included combinations of these fatty acids and monitored the cellular response with an in-depth proteomics approach and imaging techniques. The two saturated fatty acids initially presented a similar phenotype of a dose-dependent decrease in growth rates and impaired lipid droplet formation. Detailed analysis revealed that the drop in the growth rates was due to delayed cell-cycle progression following myristic acid treatment, whereas palmitic acid led to cellular apoptosis. In contrast, oleic acid, as well as saturated fatty acid mixtures with oleic acid, led to a dose-dependent increase in lipid droplet volume without adverse impacts on cell growth. Comparing the effects of harmful single-fatty-acid treatments and the well-tolerated fatty acid mixes on the cellular proteome, we were able to differentiate between fatty-acid-specific cellular responses and likely common lipotoxic denominators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Gindlhuber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maximilian Schinagl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (B.D.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (M.S.)
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7
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Ma HF, Zheng F, Su LJ, Zhang DW, Liu YN, Li F, Zhang YY, Gong SS, Kou JP. Metabolomic Profiling of Brain Protective Effect of Edaravone on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:814942. [PMID: 35237165 PMCID: PMC8882761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.814942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone (EDA) injection has been extensively applied in clinics for treating stroke. Nevertheless, the metabolite signatures and underlying mechanisms associated with EDA remain unclear, which deserve further elucidation for improving the accurate usage of EDA. Ischemia stroke was simulated by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 1 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h in mice. Brain infarct size, neurological deficits, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were improved by EDA. Significantly differential metabolites were screened with untargeted metabolomics by cross-comparisons with pre- and posttreatment of EDA under cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The possibly involved pathways, such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, and phenylalanine, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolisms, were enriched with differential metabolites and relevant regulatory enzymes, respectively. The network of differential metabolites was constructed for the integral exhibition of metabolic characteristics. Targeted analysis of taurine, an important metabolic marker, was performed for further validation. The level of taurine decreased in the MCAO/R group and increased in the EDA group. The inhibition of EDA on cerebral endothelial cell apoptosis was confirmed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), the rate-limiting enzyme of taurine generation, significantly increased along with inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis after treatment of EDA. Thus, CSAD, as the possible new therapeutic target of EDA, was selected and validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Together, this study provided the metabolite signatures and identified CSAD as an unrecognized therapeutic intervention for EDA in the treatment of ischemic stroke via inhibiting brain endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun-ping Kou
- *Correspondence: Shuai-shuai Gong, ; Jun-ping Kou,
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8
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Kim SR, Song JH, Ahn JH, Jeong MS, Yang YM, Cho J, Jeong JH, Cha Y, Kim KN, Kim HP, Chang SY, Ko HJ. Obesity Exacerbates Coxsackievirus Infection via Lipid-Induced Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e19. [PMID: 35573153 PMCID: PMC9066006 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection causes acute pancreatitis and myocarditis. However, its pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated how lipid metabolism is associated with exacerbation of CVB3 pathology using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1×106 pfu/mouse of CVB3 after being fed a control or HFD to induce obesity. Mice were treated with mitoquinone (MitoQ) to reduce the level of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). In obese mice, lipotoxicity of white adipose tissue-induced inflammation caused increased replication of CVB3 and mortality. The coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor increased under obese conditions, facilitating CVB3 replication in vitro. However, lipid-treated cells with receptor-specific inhibitors did not reduce CVB3 replication. In addition, lipid treatment increased mitochondria-derived vesicle formation and the number of multivesicular bodies. Alternatively, we found that inhibition of lipid-induced mtROS decreased viral replication. Notably, HFD-fed mice were more susceptible to CVB3-induced mortality in association with increased levels of CVB3 replication in adipose tissue, which was ameliorated by administration of the mtROS inhibitor, MitoQ. These results suggest that mtROS inhibitors can be used as potential treatments for CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryeol Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Ahn
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jaewon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Younggil Cha
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hong Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Hebbel RP, Vercellotti GM. Multiple inducers of endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1505-1517. [PMID: 34331722 PMCID: PMC9292023 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic aspect of the robust, systemic inflammatory state in sickle cell disease is dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We identify 10 aberrant endothelial cell inputs, present in the specific sickle context, that are known to have the ability to cause eNOS dysfunction. These are: endothelial arginase depletion, asymmetric dimethylarginine, complement activation, endothelial glycocalyx degradation, free fatty acids, inflammatory mediators, microparticles, oxidized low density lipoproteins, reactive oxygen species, and Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling ligands. The effect of true eNOS dysfunction on clinical testing using flow‐mediated dilation can be simulated by two known examples of endothelial dysfunction mimicry (hemoglobin consumption of NO; and oxidation of smooth muscle cell soluble guanylate cyclase). This lends ambiguity to interpretation of such clinical testing. The presence of these multiple perturbing factors argues that a therapeutic approach targeting only a single injurious endothelial input (or either example of mimicry) would not be sufficiently efficacious. This would seem to argue for identifying therapeutics that directly protect eNOS function or application of multiple therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Hebbel
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology‐Transplantation, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Gregory M. Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology‐Transplantation, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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10
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van de Wouw J, Joles JA. Albumin is an interface between blood plasma and cell membrane, and not just a sponge. Clin Kidney J 2021; 15:624-634. [PMID: 35371452 PMCID: PMC8967674 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma and acts as a carrier for many circulating molecules. Hypoalbuminaemia, mostly caused by either renal or liver disease or malnutrition, can perturb vascular homeostasis and is involved in the development of multiple diseases. Here we review four functions of albumin and the consequences of hypoalbuminaemia on vascular homeostasis. (i) Albumin is the main determinant of plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Hypoalbuminaemia was therefore thought to be the main mechanism for oedema in nephrotic syndrome (NS), however, experimental studies showed that intrarenal mechanisms rather than hypoalbuminaemia determine formation and, in particular, maintenance of oedema. (ii) Albumin functions as an interface between lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and circulating factors (lipoproteins and erythrocytes) and the endothelium. Consequently, hypoalbuminaemia results in higher LPC levels in lipoproteins and erythrocyte membrane, thereby increasing atherosclerotic properties of low-density lipoprotein and blood viscosity, respectively. Furthermore, albumin dose-dependently restores LPC-induced inhibition of vasodilation. (iii) Hypoalbuminaemia impacts on vascular nitric oxide (NO) signalling by directly increasing NO production in endothelial cells, leading to reduced NO sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells. (iv) Lastly, albumin binds free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs can induce vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, uncouple endothelial NO synthase and decrease endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Unbound FFAs can increase the formation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondrial uncoupling in multiple cell types and induce hypertriglyceridemia in NS. In conclusion, albumin acts as an interface in the circulation and hypoalbuminaemia impairs multiple aspects of vascular function that may underlie the association of hypoalbuminaemia with adverse outcomes. However, hypoalbuminaemia is not a key to oedema in NS. These insights have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Hansen C, Olsen K, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J, Gliemann L, Hellsten Y. High metabolic substrate load induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14855. [PMID: 34288561 PMCID: PMC8290479 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of glucose and palmitic acid (PA) on mitochondrial respiration and emission of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was determined in skeletal muscle-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Measurements were assessed in intact and permeabilized (cells treated with 0.025% saponin) low passage endothelial cells with acute-or prolonged (3 days) incubation with regular (1.7 mM) or elevated (2.2 mM) PA concentrations and regular (5 mM) or elevated (11 mM) glucose concentrations. In intact cells, acute incubation with 1.7 mM PA alone or with 1.7 mM PA + 5 mM glucose (p < .001) led to a lower mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.01) and markedly higher H2 O2 /O2 emission (p < 0.05) than with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with 1.7 mM PA +5 mM glucose led to 34% (p < 0.05) lower respiration and 2.5-fold higher H2 O2 /O2 emission (p < 0.01) than incubation with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with elevated glucose led to 60% lower (p < 0.05) mitochondrial respiration and 4.6-fold higher H2 O2 /O2 production than incubation with 5 mM glucose in intact cells (p < 0.001). All effects observed in intact cells were present also in permeabilized cells (State 2). In conclusion, our results show that acute and prolonged lipid availability, as well as prolonged hyperglycemia, induces mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by lower mitochondrial respiration and enhanced H2 O2/ O2 emission. Elevated plasma substrate availability may lead to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle by impairing endothelial mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Karina Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Department of BiologySection of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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12
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Abstract
The secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) group of secreted enzymes hydrolyze phospholipids and lead to the production of multiple biologically active lipid mediators. sPLA2s and their products (e.g., eicosanoids) play a significant role in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases, including life-threatening lung disorders such as acute lung injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The ALI/ARDS spectrum of severe inflammatory conditions is caused by direct (such as bacterial or viral pneumonia) or indirect insults (sepsis) that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several sPLA2 isoforms are upregulated in patients with ARDS as well as in multiple ALI preclinical models, and individual sPLA2s exert unique roles in regulating ALI pathophysiology. This brief review will summarize the contributions of specific sPLA2 isoforms as markers and mediators in ALI, supporting a potential therapeutic role for targeting them in ARDS.
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Liu B, Zhang L, Bao M, Li L, Zhao N, Hussain M, Wang Y, Yi J, Chen P, Lu C. A pilot study to identify the longitudinal serum metabolite profiles to predict the development of hyperuricemia in essential hypertension. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:466-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Lin YT, Salihovic S, Fall T, Hammar U, Ingelsson E, Ärnlöv J, Lind L, Sundström J. Global Plasma Metabolomics to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Blood Pressure Progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e227-e237. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The pathophysiology of hypertension remains incompletely understood. We investigated associations of circulating metabolites with longitudinal blood pressure (BP) changes in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort and validated the findings in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men cohort.
Approach and Results:
Circulating metabolite levels were assessed with liquid- and gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry among persons without BP-lowering medication at baseline. We studied associations of baseline levels of metabolites with changes in BP levels and the clinical BP stage between baseline and a follow-up examination 5 years later. In the discovery cohort, we investigated 504 individuals that contributed with 757 observations of paired BP measurements. The mean baseline systolic and diastolic BPs were 144 (19.7)/76 (9.7) mm Hg, and change in systolic and diastolic BPs were 3.7 (15.8)/−0.5 (8.6) mm Hg over 5 years. The metabolites associated with diastolic BP change were ceramide, triacylglycerol, total glycerolipids, oleic acid, and cholesterylester. No associations with longitudinal changes in systolic BP or BP stage were observed. Metabolites with similar structures to the 5 top findings in the discovery cohort were investigated in the validation cohort. Diacylglycerol (36:2) and monoacylglycerol (18:0), 2 glycerolipids, were associated with diastolic BP change in the validation cohort.
Conclusions:
Circulating baseline levels of ceramide, triacylglycerol, total glycerolipids, and oleic acid were positively associated with longitudinal diastolic BP change, whereas cholesterylester levels were inversely associated with longitudinal diastolic BP change. Two glycerolipids were validated in an independent cohort. These metabolites may point towards pathophysiological pathways of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lin
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-T.L.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine (Y.-T.L.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Samira Salihovic
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences (S.S.), Örebro University, Sweden
- School of Science and Technology (S.S.), Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
| | - Ulf Hammar
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (E.I.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (E.I.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center (E.I.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (J.Ä.)
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (J.Ä.)
| | - Lars Lind
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
| | - Johan Sundström
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (Y.-T.L., S.S., T.F., U.H., E.I., L.L., J.S.)
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.S.)
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A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060483. [PMID: 32503213 PMCID: PMC7346162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging.
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Kahveci AS, Barnatan TT, Kahveci A, Adrian AE, Arroyo J, Eirin A, Harris PC, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Torres VE, Irazabal MV. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Abnormalities Contribute to Decreased Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Renal Disease Progression in Early Experimental Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061994. [PMID: 32183375 PMCID: PMC7139316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular abnormalities are the most important non-cystic complications in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) and contribute to renal disease progression. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are evident in patients with ADPKD, preserved renal function, and controlled hypertension. The underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that in early ADPKD, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NAD(P)H)-oxidase complex-4 (NOX4), a major source of ROS in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and endothelial cells (ECs), induces EC mitochondrial abnormalities, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, vascular abnormalities, and renal disease progression. Renal oxidative stress, mitochondrial morphology (electron microscopy), and NOX4 expression were assessed in 4- and 12-week-old PCK and Sprague-Dawley (wild-type, WT) control rats (n = 8 males and 8 females each). Endothelial function was assessed by renal expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Peritubular capillaries were counted in hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained slides and correlated with the cystic index. The enlarged cystic kidneys of PCK rats exhibited significant accumulation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as early as 4 weeks of age, which became more pronounced at 12 weeks. Mitochondria of TECs lining cysts and ECs exhibited loss of cristae but remained preserved in non-cystic TECs. Renal expression of NOX4 was upregulated in TECs and ECs of PCK rats at 4 weeks of age and further increased at 12 weeks. Contrarily, eNOS immunoreactivity was lower in PCK vs. WT rats at 4 weeks and further decreased at 12 weeks. The peritubular capillary index was lower in PCK vs. WT rats at 12 weeks and correlated inversely with the cystic index. Early PKD is associated with NOX4-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities predominantly in ECs and TECs lining cysts. Endothelial dysfunction precedes capillary loss, and the latter correlates with worsening of renal disease. These observations position NOX4 and EC mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp S. Kahveci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Tania T. Barnatan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Ali Kahveci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Alexis E. Adrian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Jennifer Arroyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Peter C. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria V. Irazabal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.S.K.); (T.T.B.); (A.K.); (A.E.A.); (J.A.); (A.E.); (P.C.H.); (L.O.L.); (V.E.T.)
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-(507)-293-6388; Fax: +1-(507)-266-9315
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17
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Lan D, Shen X, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Huang Q. Sumoylation of PPARγ contributes to vascular endothelium insulin resistance through stabilizing the PPARγ-NcoR complex. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19663-19674. [PMID: 30982983 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) affects its stabilization, sublocalization, and transcriptional activity. However, it remains largely unknown whether PPARγ sumoylation inhibits the transactivation effect, leading to endothelium insulin resistance (IR). To test this possibility, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a 90% confluence were randomly allocated to two batches. One batch was first pretreated with or without vitamin E for 24 hr and the other infected with adenoviruses containing either PIAS1-shRNA (protein inhibitor of activated STAT1-short hairpin RNA) or scramble shRNA. Cells were suffered from high glucose and palmitic acid (PA) exposure for further 48 hr. The levels of PPARγ, p-IKK, IKK, and NcoR (nuclear corepressors) were measured by western blot analysis. The interaction of IKK and PIAS1, as well as the PPARγ sumoylation, were examined by coimmunoprecipitation. The results showed that the exposure of high glucose and PA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and IKK activation in HUVECs, promoting the interaction of IKK and PIAS1 and the sumoylation of PPARγ. However, vitamin E and PIAS1-shRNA partially decreased ROS production and IKK activation induced by high glucose and PA exposure. These data indicate that ROS-IKK-PIAS1 pathway mediates PPARγ sumoylation, leading to endothelium IR via stabilizing PPARγ-NcoR complex. These findings benefit understanding of regulatory networks of insulin signaling, which might provide a potential target to prevent and cure IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Lan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Shen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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18
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Altered foetoplacental vascular endothelial signalling to insulin in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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The Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Essential Hypertension: A Narrative Review. Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:8676490. [PMID: 30984420 PMCID: PMC6431462 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8676490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension has a high incidence worldwide, and patients with essential hypertension endure a lifetime of medication, leading to a heavy economic burden on the patient's family and causing serious impacts on the patient's quality of life. Much evidence has demonstrated that acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy can lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension, but the mechanism of its action is unclear. This article reviews the research from 2000 to 2018 regarding the mechanism of acupuncture for hypertension, and we summarize the current knowledge about using acupuncture for hypertension. We found that the mechanism whereby acupuncture lowers blood pressure is related to the regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vascular endothelium, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine system, and so on. Besides, there may be cross-talk between multiple systems and multiple targets. We also investigate the influence factors of acupuncture for hypertension. These results may provide evidence and research ideas for the treatment of hypertension via acupuncture.
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Castrejón-Téllez V, Villegas-Romero M, Pérez-Torres I, Zarco G, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Carreón-Torres E, Díaz-Díaz E, Grimaldo OE, Guarner-Lans V. Effect of Sucrose Ingestion at the End of a Critical Window that Increases Hypertension Susceptibility on Peripheral Mechanisms Regulating Blood Pressure in Rats. Role of Sirtuins 1 and 3. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020309. [PMID: 30717220 PMCID: PMC6412652 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to develop hypertension may be established during early stages of life that include the intrauterine period, infancy and childhood. We recently showed that blood pressure increased when rats reached adulthood when sucrose was ingested for a short-term critical window from postnatal day 12 to 28 in the rat, which corresponds to days around weaning. Here, we studied several factors that might participate in the increased susceptibility to hypertension when adulthood is reached by analyzing the changes produced at the end of the sucrose ingestion during this critical period. Body weight of the rats at the end of the sucrose period was decreased even if there was an increased ingestion in Kcal. We found an increase in blood pressure accompanied by a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the aorta. When insulin was administered to rats receiving sucrose, glucose in plasma diminished later than in controls and this slight insulin resistance may reduce nitric oxide synthase action. Oleic acid that modulates eNOS expression was increased, lipoperoxidation was elevated and total non-enzymatic anti-oxidant capacity was decreased. There was also a decrease in SOD2 expression. We also studied the expression of Sirt1, which regulates eNOS expression and Sirt3, which regulates SOD2 expression as possible epigenetic targets of enzyme expression involved in the long- term programming of hypertension. Sirt3 was decreased but we did not find an alteration in Sirt1 expression. We conclude that these changes may underpin the epigenetic programming of increased susceptibility to develop hypertension in the adults when there was exposure to high sucrose levels near weaning in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Villegas-Romero
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Zarco
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Emanuel Grimaldo
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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21
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India.,Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil stimulates nitric oxide production and reduces oxidative stress in endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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de Souza CO, Valenzuela CA, Baker EJ, Miles EA, Rosa Neto JC, Calder PC. Palmitoleic Acid has Stronger Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Human Endothelial Cells Compared to Oleic and Palmitic Acids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800322. [PMID: 30102465 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fatty acids (FAs) may affect endothelial cell (EC) function, influencing atherogenesis and inflammatory processes. Palmitoleic acid (POA) has been described as an anti-inflammatory FA. However, its effects on ECs are underexplored. This study compares the effects of POA with those of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) on EC inflammatory responses. METHODS AND RESULTS EAHy926 cells (EC lineage) are exposed to PA, OA, or POA, and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Associated with the FA's own incorporation, PA induces a twofold increase in arachidonic acid, while POA increases the amount of cis-vaccenic acid. PA, but not OA, enhances the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in response to TNF-α. In contrast, POA decreases production of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to PA. TNF-α increases surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression previously decreased by POA. TNF-α stimulation increases the expression of NFκB, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, MCP-1, and IL-6 genes and reduces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α gene. PA enhances the expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and COX-2 genes, while POA downregulates these genes, decreases expression of NFκB, and upregulates PPAR-α gene expression. CONCLUSION POA has anti-inflammatory effects on ECs stimulated with TNF-α and may counter endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, 1524, Lineu prestes av, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina A Valenzuela
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Rd, S016 6HT, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valparaíso, 1093, Gran Bretaña av, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ella J Baker
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Rd, S016 6HT, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Rd, S016 6HT, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - José C Rosa Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, 1524, Lineu prestes av, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Rd, S016 6HT, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Tremona Rd, S016 6HT, Southampton, UK
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Ng YW, Say YH. Palmitic acid induces neurotoxicity and gliatoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and T98G human glioblastoma cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4696. [PMID: 29713567 PMCID: PMC5924683 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-related central nervous system (CNS) pathologies like neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis are associated with high-fat diet (HFD) related elevation of saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA) in neurons and astrocytes of the brain. Methods Human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y (as a neuronal model) and human glioblastoma cells T98G (as an astrocytic model), were treated with 100–500 µM PA, oleic acid (OA) or lauric acid (LA) for 24 h or 48 h, and their cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of stable overexpression of γ-synuclein (γ-syn), a neuronal protein recently recognized as a novel regulator of lipid handling in adipocytes, and transient overexpression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) α-synuclein [α-syn; wild-type (wt) and its pathogenic mutants A53T, A30P and E46K] in SH-SY5Y and T98G cells, were also evaluated. The effects of co-treatment of PA with paraquat (PQ), a Parkinsonian pesticide, and leptin, a hormone involved in the brain-adipose axis, were also assessed. Cell death mode and cell cycle were analyzed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescien diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and lipid peroxidation level was determined using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Results MTT assay revealed dose- and time-dependent PA cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y and T98G cells, but not OA and LA. The cytotoxicity was significantly lower in SH-SY5Y-γ-syn cells, while transient overexpression of wt α-syn or its PD mutants (A30P and E46K, but not A53T) modestly (but still significantly) rescued the cytotoxicity of PA in SH-SY5Y and T98G cells. Co-treatment of increasing concentrations of PQ exacerbated PA’s neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment of leptin, an anti-apoptotic adipokine, did not successfully rescue SH-SY5Y cells from PA-induced cytotoxicity—suggesting a mechanism of PA-induced leptin resistance. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis revealed PA-induced increase in percentages of cells in annexin V-positive/PI-negative quadrant (early apoptosis) and subG0-G1 fraction, accompanied by a decrease in G2-M phase cells. The PA-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation was at greater extent in T98G as compared to that in SH-SY5Y. Discussion In conclusion, PA induces apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress in neurons and astrocytes. Taken together, the results suggest that HFD may cause neuronal and astrocytic damage, which indirectly proposes that CNS pathologies involving neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis could be prevented via the diet regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Wen Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Turolo S, Edefonti A, Syren ML, Marangoni F, Morello W, Agostoni C, Montini G. Fatty Acids in Nephrotic Syndrome and Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2017; 28:145-155. [PMID: 29153556 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of fatty acids (FAs) in inflammation and in the related chronic diseases has been demonstrated. However, there is a lack of consistent and agreed knowledge about the role of FA profile and renal physiology and pathology, most articles focusing on the effect of polyunsaturated FAs supplementation, without considering the impact of basal FA metabolism on the efficacy of the supplementation. Here, we have summarized the specific literature concerning the assessment of circulating FA in 2 renal diseases, namely nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease, also under hemodialytic treatment, and have received the most significant contributions in the last years. The effects of changes of FA profile and metabolism and the possible involvement of polyunsaturated FA metabolites in raising and modulating inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Turolo
- Pediatric Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Edefonti
- Pediatric Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Louise Syren
- Pediatric Clinic IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - William Morello
- Pediatric Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinic IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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The Transcription Factor Nrf2 Protects Angiogenic Capacity of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in High-Oxygen Radical Stress Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4680612. [PMID: 28607561 PMCID: PMC5451769 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4680612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) have shown a promise in tissue engineering of vascular constructs, where they act as endothelial progenitor cells. After implantation, ECFCs are likely to be subjected to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes in response to ROS. Methods Stable knockdown of Nrf2 and Keap1 was achieved by transduction with lentiviral shRNAs; activation of Nrf2 was induced by incubation with sulforaphane (SFN). Expression of Nrf2 target genes was assessed by qPCR, oxidative stress was assessed using CM-DCFDA, and angiogenesis was quantified by scratch-wound and tubule-formation assays Results. Nrf2 knockdown led to a reduction of antioxidant gene expression and increased ROS. Angiogenesis was disturbed after Nrf2 knockdown even in the absence of ROS. Conversely, angiogenesis was preserved in high ROS conditions after knockdown of Keap1. Preincubation of ECFCs with SFN reduced intracellular ROS in the presence of H2O2 and preserved scratch-wound closure and tubule-formation. Results Nrf2 knockdown led to a reduction of antioxidant gene expression and increased ROS. Angiogenesis was disturbed after Nrf2 knockdown even in the absence of ROS. Conversely, angiogenesis was preserved in high ROS conditions after knockdown of Keap1. Preincubation of ECFCs with SFN reduced intracellular ROS in the presence of H2O2 and preserved scratch-wound closure and tubule-formation. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that Nrf2 plays an important role in the angiogenic capacity of ECFCs, particularly under conditions of increased oxidative stress. Pretreatment of ECFCs with SFN prior to implantation may be a protective strategy for tissue-engineered constructs or cell therapies.
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Rashidi B, Hoseini Z, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Vitamins D and E in Suppression of Atherogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2968-2976. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology; School of Medicine; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Zahra Hoseini
- Student Research Center; School of Medicine; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Laskar K, Faisal SM, Rauf A, Ahmed A, Owais M. Undec-10-enoic acid functionalized chitosan based novel nano-conjugate: An enhanced anti-bacterial/biofilm and anti-cancer potential. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:14-23. [PMID: 28385217 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid functionalized chitosan conjugates are of great interest in cancer therapeutics because of its internalization through receptor mediated endocytosis into the cancer cells. Keeping the above fact into consideration, herein we synthesized the undec-10-enoic acid functionalized chitosan based undecyl-chitosan (U-CS) nano-bioconjugate with the use of DCC as a coupling agent. The U-CS conjugate synthesized was confirmed and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. Generally, it is well established that conjugates of oleic acid with human Alpha-lactalbumin (HAMLET) induce cytotoxicity in the altered cells, but not in healthy cells. To check our presumptions, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer potential of U-CS was evaluated against bacterial pathogens (Gram +ve and Gram -ve) and human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and Hep3B). The results of our study clearly revealed that conjugate showed enhance anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm as well as anti-cancer efficacy as compared to pure and free form of the chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Mohd Faisal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Anees Ahmed
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Dadak S, Beall C, Vlachaki Walker JM, Soutar MPM, McCrimmon RJ, Ashford MLJ. Oleate induces K ATP channel-dependent hyperpolarization in mouse hypothalamic glucose-excited neurons without altering cellular energy charge. Neuroscience 2017; 346:29-42. [PMID: 28087336 PMCID: PMC5346158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oleate and low glucose hyperpolarize and inhibit GT1-7 and mouse GE neurons by activation of KATP. Oleate inhibition of GT1-7 neuron activity is not mediated by AMPK or fatty acid oxidation. Activation of KATP by oleate requires ATP hydrolysis but does not reduce the levels ATP or the ATP:ADP ratio. GT1-7 hyperpolarization by oleate is not dependent on UCP2. Oleate and low glucose depolarize a subpopulation of hypothalamic GI neurons.
The unsaturated fatty acid, oleate exhibits anorexigenic properties reducing food intake and hepatic glucose output. However, its mechanism of action in the hypothalamus has not been fully determined. This study investigated the effects of oleate and glucose on GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cells (a model of glucose-excited (GE) neurons) and mouse arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons. Whole-cell and perforated patch-clamp recordings, immunoblotting and cell energy status measures were used to investigate oleate- and glucose-sensing properties of mouse hypothalamic neurons. Oleate or lowered glucose concentration caused hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing of GT1-7 cells by the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP). This effect of oleate was not dependent on fatty acid oxidation or raised AMP-activated protein kinase activity or prevented by the presence of the UCP2 inhibitor genipin. Oleate did not alter intracellular calcium, indicating that CD36/fatty acid translocase may not play a role. However, oleate activation of KATP may require ATP metabolism. The short-chain fatty acid octanoate was unable to replicate the actions of oleate on GT1-7 cells. Although oleate decreased GT1-7 cell mitochondrial membrane potential there was no change in total cellular ATP or ATP/ADP ratios. Perforated patch and whole-cell recordings from mouse hypothalamic slices demonstrated that oleate hyperpolarized a subpopulation of ARC GE neurons by KATP activation. Additionally, in a separate small population of ARC neurons, oleate application or lowered glucose concentration caused membrane depolarization. In conclusion, oleate induces KATP-dependent hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing of a subgroup of GE hypothalamic neurons without altering cellular energy charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Dadak
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marc P M Soutar
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Sakai S, Nomura K, Mochizuki K, Taya M. Anchoring PEG-oleate to cell membranes stimulates reactive oxygen species production. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:336-342. [PMID: 27544656 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives possessing oleyl and reactive groups for conjugating functional substrates, such as proteins and quantum dots, are useful materials for cell-surface engineering and cell immobilization onto substrates. The reagent is known as a biocompatible anchor for cell membranes (BAM). Here, BAM-anchoring on cell membranes is reported to stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in those cells. Significant increases in ROS production and release to the surrounding environment were detected in mouse fibroblast cell line 10T1/2 when soaked in a solution containing BAM conjugated with 1/10mol/mol bovine serum albumin at 1.5μM-protein. ROS production stimulation was confirmed to be independent of the protein crosslinked with BAM and of cell type. Similar stimulation was detected for BAMs conjugated with ovalbumin and casein, in human hepatoma cell line HepG2, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Considering the effects of ROS on a variety of cellular processes, these results demonstrated the necessity for focusing attention on the effects of generated and released ROS on the behaviors of cells in the studies applying BAM to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Koujiro Nomura
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kei Mochizuki
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masahito Taya
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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A Targeted Metabolomics MRM-MS Study on Identifying Potential Hypertension Biomarkers in Human Plasma and Evaluating Acupuncture Effects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25871. [PMID: 27181907 PMCID: PMC4867614 DOI: 10.1038/srep25871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical role of metabolic abnormality in hypertension is increasingly recognized, but its biomarkers are not clearly identified. In this study, 47 chemical compounds recorded by literature were employed as target metabolites of essential hypertension (EH). We detected their content in the plasma of EH patients and healthy subjects by using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry (MRM-MS). After screening the most altered compounds, acupuncture was used to treat patients for 3 months and these plasma metabolites were tested again. The results showed that oleic acid (OA) and myoinositol (MI) were the most important differential metabolites between the hypertensive plasma and the healthy plasma. They were also closely correlated with 24-hour blood pressure and nocturnal dipping. Moreover, plasma OA and MI could be restored to normal levels by acupuncture, accompanying with reduction of 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure [from 145.10 ± 9.28 mm Hg to 140.70 ± 9.59 mm Hg (P < 0.0001), and 88.35 ± 7.92 mm Hg to 85.86 ± 7.95 mm Hg (P = 0.0024), respectively] and improvement of circadian blood pressure rhythm. This study demonstrated that plasma OA and MI were potential hypertension biomarkers and they could be used to preliminarily assess the treating effects such as acupuncture.
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Semen K, Yelisyeyeva O, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Kaminskyy D, Solovey L, Skrzydlewska E, Yavorskyi O. Sildenafil reduces signs of oxidative stress in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Evaluation by fatty acid composition, level of hydroxynonenal and heart rate variability. Redox Biol 2015; 7:48-57. [PMID: 26654977 PMCID: PMC4683386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare multifactorial disease with an unfavorable prognosis. Sildenafil therapy can improve functional capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics in PAH patients. Nowadays, it is increasingly recognized that the effects of sildenafil are pleiotropic and may also involve changes of the pro-/antioxidant balance, lipid peroxidation and autonomic control. In present study we aimed to assess the effects of sildenafil on the fatty acids (FAs) status, level of hydroxynonenal (HNE) and heart rate variability (HRV) in PAH patients. Patients with PAH were characterized by an increase in HNE and changes in the FAs composition with elevation of linoleic, oleic, docosahexanoic acids in phospholipids as well as reduced HRV with sympathetic predominance. Sildenafil therapy improved exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics and reduced NT-proBNP level in PAH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of sildenafil were noted from the significant lowering of HNE level and reduction of the phopholipid derived oleic, linoleic, docosahexanoic, docosapentanoic FAs. That was also associated with some improvement of HRV on account of the activation of the neurohumoral regulatory component. Incomplete recovery of the functional metabolic disorders in PAH patients may be assumed from the persistent increase in free FAs, reduced HRV with the sympathetic predominance in the spectral structure after treatment comparing to control group. The possibilities to improve PAH treatment efficacy through mild stimulation of free radical reactions and formation of hormetic reaction in the context of improved NO signaling are discussed. Sildenafil showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil reduced hydroxynonenal level and improved fatty acid profile in serum. Improvement of heart rate variability and functional capacity was noted after therapy. Mild prooxidant activity is suggested as the mechanism to improve sildenafil efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Semen
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Olha Yelisyeyeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskego 1, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic, and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Lyubomyr Solovey
- Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, Chernigivska 7, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskego 1, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ostap Yavorskyi
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
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Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Datta R, Alfonso-García A, Cinco R, Gratton E. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of endogenous biomarker of oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9848. [PMID: 25993434 PMCID: PMC4438616 DOI: 10.1038/srep09848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess of normal physiological level
results in oxidative stress. This can lead to a range of pathological conditions
including inflammation, diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular and
neurodegenerative disease. Biomarkers of oxidative stress play an important role in
understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases. A number of
fluorescent biomarkers exist. However, a non-invasive and label-free identification
technique would be advantageous for in vivo measurements. In this work we establish
a spectroscopic method to identify oxidative stress in cells and tissues by
fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). We identified an autofluorescent, endogenous
species with a characteristic fluorescent lifetime distribution as a probe for
oxidative stress. To corroborate our hypothesis that these species are products of
lipid oxidation by ROS, we correlate the spectroscopic signals arising from lipid
droplets by combining FLIM with THG and CARS microscopy which are established
techniques for selective lipid body imaging. Further, we performed spontaneous Raman
spectral analysis at single points of the sample which provided molecular vibration
information characteristics of lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Datta
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Rachel Cinco
- Department of Developmental &Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
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