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Chen S, Wang K, Wang H, Gao Y, Nie K, Jiang X, Su H, Tang Y, Lu F, Dong H, Wang Z. The therapeutic effects of saikosaponins on depression through the modulation of neuroplasticity: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107090. [PMID: 38309381 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a major global health issue that urgently requires innovative and precise treatment options. In this context, saikosaponin has emerged as a promising candidate, offering a variety of therapeutic benefits that may be effective in combating depression. This review delves into the multifaceted potential of saikosaponins in alleviating depressive symptoms. We summarized the effects of saikosaponins on structural and functional neuroplasticity, elaborated the regulatory mechanism of saikosaponins in modulating key factors that affect neuroplasticity, such as inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, and the brain-gut axis. Moreover, this paper highlights existing gaps in current researches and outlines directions for future studies. A detailed plan is provided for the future clinical application of saikosaponins, advocating for more targeted researches to speed up its transition from preclinical trials to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Lee SH, Purgatorio R, Samarelli F, Catto M, Denora N, Morgese MG, Tucci P, Trabace L, Kim HW, Park HS, Kim SE, Lee BC, de Candia M, Altomare CD. Radiosynthesis and whole-body distribution in mice of a 18 F-labeled azepino[4,3-b]indole-1-one derivative with multimodal activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300491. [PMID: 38158335 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the azepino[4,3-b]indole-1-one derivative 1 showed in vitro nanomolar inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the ChE isoform that plays a role in the progression and pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and protects against N-methyl- d-aspartate-induced neuronal toxicity. Three 9-R-substituted (R = F, Br, OMe) congeners were investigated. The 9-F derivative (2a) was found more potent as BChE inhibitors (half-maximal inhibitory concentration value = 21 nM) than 2b (9-Br) and 2c (9-OMe), achieving a residence time (38 s), assessed by surface plasmon resonance, threefold higher than that of 1. To progress in featuring the in vivo pharmacological characterization of 2a, herein the 18 F-labeled congener 2a was synthesized, by applying the aromatic 18 F-fluorination method, and its whole-body distribution in healthy mice, including brain penetration, was evaluated through positron emission tomography imaging. [18 F]2a exhibited a rapid and high brain uptake (3.35 ± 0.26% ID g-1 at 0.95 ± 0.15 min after injection), followed by a rapid clearance (t1/2 = 6.50 ± 0.93 min), showing good blood-brain barrier crossing. After a transient liver accumulation of [18 F]2a, the intestinal and urinary excretion was quantified. Finally, ex vivo pharmacological experiments in mice showed that the unlabeled 2a affects the transmitters' neurochemistry, which might be favorable to reverse cognition impairment in mild-to-moderate AD-related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Samarelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Liang J, Liu B, Dong X, Wang Y, Cai W, Zhang N, Zhang H. Decoding the role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's pathogenesis and envisioning future therapeutic avenues. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1242254. [PMID: 37790586 PMCID: PMC10544353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1242254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerges as a perturbing neurodegenerative malady, with a profound comprehension of its underlying pathogenic mechanisms continuing to evade our intellectual grasp. Within the intricate tapestry of human health and affliction, the enteric microbial consortium, ensconced within the milieu of the human gastrointestinal tract, assumes a role of cardinal significance. Recent epochs have borne witness to investigations that posit marked divergences in the composition of the gut microbiota between individuals grappling with AD and those favored by robust health. The composite vicissitudes in the configuration of the enteric microbial assembly are posited to choreograph a participatory role in the inception and progression of AD, facilitated by the intricate conduit acknowledged as the gut-brain axis. Notwithstanding, the precise nature of this interlaced relationship remains enshrouded within the recesses of obscurity, poised for an exhaustive revelation. This review embarks upon the endeavor to focalize meticulously upon the mechanistic sway exerted by the enteric microbiota upon AD, plunging profoundly into the execution of interventions that govern the milieu of enteric microorganisms. In doing so, it bestows relevance upon the therapeutic stratagems that form the bedrock of AD's management, all whilst casting a prospective gaze into the horizon of medical advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenhui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Fonseca C, Ettcheto M, Bicker J, Fernandes MJ, Falcão A, Camins A, Fortuna A. Under the umbrella of depression and Alzheimer's disease physiopathology: Can cannabinoids be a dual-pleiotropic therapy? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:101998. [PMID: 37414155 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) are two disorders highly prevalent worldwide. Depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide while AD affects 60-80% of the 55 million cases of dementia. Both diseases are affected by aging with high prevalence in elderly and share not only the main brain affected areas but also several physiopathological mechanisms. Depression disease is already ascribed as a risk factor to the development of AD. Despite the wide diversity of pharmacological treatments currently available in clinical practice for depression management, they remain associated to a slow recovery process and to treatment-resistant depression. On the other hand, AD treatment is essentially based in symptomatology relieve. Thus, the need for new multi-target treatments arises. Herein, we discuss the current state-of-art regarding the contribution of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in synaptic transmission processes, synapses plasticity and neurogenesis and consequently the use of exogenous cannabinoids in the treatment of depression and on delaying the progression of AD. Besides the well-known imbalance of neurotransmitter levels, including serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and glutamate, recent scientific evidence highlights aberrant spine density, neuroinflammation, dysregulation of neurotrophic factor levels and formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, as the main physiopathological mechanisms compromised in depression and AD. The contribution of the ECS in these mechanisms is herein specified as well as the pleiotropic effects of phytocannabinoids. At the end, it became evident that Cannabinol, Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, Cannabidivarin and Cannabichromene may act in novel therapeutic targets, presenting high potential in the pharmacotherapy of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria José Fernandes
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, CEP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Araki W. Aβ Oligomer Toxicity-Reducing Therapy for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Importance of the Nrf2 and PPARγ Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:1386. [PMID: 37408220 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) play a pathogenetic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, AβOs induce neurotoxic and synaptotoxic effects and are also critically involved in neuroinflammation. Oxidative stress appears to be a crucial event underlying these pathological effects of AβOs. From a therapeutic standpoint, new drugs for AD designed to remove AβOs or inhibit the formation of AβOs are currently being developed. However, it is also worth considering strategies for preventing AβO toxicity itself. In particular, small molecules with AβO toxicity-reducing activity have potential as drug candidates. Among such small molecules, those that can enhance Nrf2 and/or PPARγ activity can effectively inhibit AβO toxicity. In this review, I summarize studies on the small molecules that counteract AβO toxicity and are capable of activating Nrf2 and/or PPARγ. I also discuss how these interrelated pathways are involved in the mechanisms by which these small molecules prevent AβO-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. I propose that AβO toxicity-reducing therapy, designated ATR-T, could be a beneficial, complementary strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Araki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Memory Clinic Ochanomizu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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The Fuzzy Border between the Functional and Dysfunctional Effects of Beta-Amyloid: A Synaptocentric View of Neuron-Glia Entanglement. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020484. [PMID: 36831020 PMCID: PMC9953143 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations from clinical trials using monoclonal antibodies against Aβ seem to suggest that Aβ-targeting is modestly effective and not sufficiently based on an effective challenge of the role of Aβ from physiological to pathological. After an accelerated approval procedure for aducanumab, and more recently lecanemab, their efficacy and safety remain to be fully defined despite previous attempts with various monoclonal antibodies, and both academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies are actively searching for novel treatments. Aβ needs to be clarified further in a more complicated context, taking into account both its accumulation and its biological functions during the course of the disease. In this review, we discuss the border between activities affecting early, potentially reversible dysfunctions of the synapse and events trespassing the threshold of inflammatory, self-sustaining glial activation, leading to irreversible damage. We detail a clear understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the derangement from function to dysfunction and the switch of the of Aβ role from physiological to pathological. A picture is emerging where the optimal therapeutic strategy against AD should involve a number of allied molecular processes, displaying efficacy not only in reducing the well-known AD pathogenesis players, such as Aβ or neuroinflammation, but also in preventing their adverse effects.
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Jackson TW, House JS, Motsinger-Reif AA, Ward-Caviness CK, Schladweiler MC, Alewel DI, Miller CN, Farraj AK, Hazari MS, Grindstaff R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Ghio AJ, Kodavanti UP. Stress Drivers of Glucose Dynamics during Ozone Exposure Measured Using Radiotelemetry in Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:127006. [PMID: 36542476 PMCID: PMC9770052 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled irritant air pollutants may trigger stress-related metabolic dysfunction associated with altered circulating adrenal-derived hormones. OBJECTIVES We used implantable telemetry in rats to assess real-time changes in circulating glucose during and after exposure to ozone and mechanistically linked responses to neuroendocrine stress hormones. METHODS First, using a cross-over design, we monitored glucose during ozone exposures (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm) and nonexposure periods in male Wistar Kyoto rats implanted with glucose telemeters. A second cohort of unimplanted rats was exposed to ozone (0.0, 0.4 or 0.8 ppm) for 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, or 4 h with hormones measured immediately post exposure. We assessed glucose metabolism in sham and adrenalectomized rats, with or without supplementation of adrenergic/glucocorticoid receptor agonists, and in a separate cohort, antagonists. RESULTS Ozone (0.8 ppm) was associated with significantly higher blood glucose and lower core body temperature beginning 90 min into exposure, with reversal of effects 4-6 h post exposure. Glucose monitoring during four daily 4-h ozone exposures revealed duration of glucose increases, adaptation, and diurnal variations. Ozone-induced glucose changes were preceded by higher levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and epinephrine but lower levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormones. Higher glucose and glucose intolerance were inhibited in rats that were adrenalectomized or treated with adrenergic plus glucocorticoid receptor antagonists but exacerbated by agonists. DISCUSSION We demonstrated the temporality of neuroendocrine-stress-mediated biological sequalae responsible for ozone-induced glucose metabolic dysfunction and mechanism in a rodent model. Stress hormones assessment with real-time glucose monitoring may be useful in identifying interactions among irritant pollutants and stress-related illnesses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R. Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha J. Snow
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas W. Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John S. House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison A. Motsinger-Reif
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cavin K. Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Devin I. Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colette N. Miller
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aimen K. Farraj
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehdi S. Hazari
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Anand A, Khurana N, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Alharbi M, Waseem M, Sharma N. Ameliorative effect of vanillin on scopolamine-induced dementia-like cognitive impairment in a mouse model. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1005972. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is among the top five causes of death in the United States. It is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes permanent loss of memory and cognition. The current pharmacotherapy for AD is based on providing symptomatic relief only and has many side effects. There is a need for a safer, disease-modifying drug for the treatment of AD.Experimental approachThe PASS online software was used to screen phytoconstituents based on their predicted effects on various AD-related targets. Vanillin was selected as the compound of interest, as it has not been researched elaborately on any animal model of AD. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of vanillin was established in vitro. Thereafter, ameliorative effect of vanillin was evaluated using the exteroceptive memory model in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment mice model.ResultsVanillin showed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro, and the IC50 value was calculated to be 0.033 mM. Vanillin significantly reversed the memory and behavioral deficits caused by scopolamine as demonstrated by significant improvement in memory in negative reinforcement, elevated plus maze, and spatial learning paradigms. Vanillin also proved to have a nootropic effect. Also, vanillin proved to have significantly better antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects in vivo than donepezil hydrochloride. The potential anti-AD activity of vanillin was also confirmed by the reduction in IL-6 levels and TNF-α levels.ConclusionOur results suggest that vanillin is a safe and effective natural drug candidate having a great potential for the treatment of AD. However, more research is required to evaluate its effect on A beta plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles in vivo.
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Tucci P, Bove M, Sikora V, Dimonte S, Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Trabace L. Glucoraphanin Triggers Rapid Antidepressant Responses in a Rat Model of Beta Amyloid-Induced Depressive-like Behaviour. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091054. [PMID: 36145275 PMCID: PMC9500808 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is a natural compound that has shown beneficial effects in chronic diseases and in central nervous system disorders. Moreover, GRA displayed antidepressant activity in preclinical models. We have previously demonstrated that a single intracerebroventricular administration of soluble amyloid-beta 1-42 (sAβ 1-42) in rat evokes a depressive-like phenotype by increasing immobility frequency in the forced swimming test (FST). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of GRA in naïve and in sAβ-1-42-treated rats by using the FST. Behavioural analyses were accompanied by neurochemical and biochemical measurements in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), such as serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) levels. We reported that GRA administration in naïve rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced the immobility frequency in the FST and increased 5-HT and NA levels in the PFC compared to controls. At the same dose, GRA reverted depressive-like effects of sAβ 1-42 administration, restored the 5-HT levels and reduced NF-kB, KYN and ROS levels in PFC. In conclusion, GRA rapidly reverting depressive-like behaviour, together with biochemical and neurochemical alterations, might represent a safe and natural candidate for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Liao M, Guan J, Zhou L, Shen R, Long M, Shao J. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:451-463. [PMID: 35381625 PMCID: PMC9171163 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is closely related to autoimmunity. Effective monitoring of the immune system and developing targeted therapies are frontier fields in T1DM treatment. Currently, the most available tissue that reflects the immune system is peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thus, the aim of this study was to identify key PBMC biomarkers of T1DM. METHODS Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE9006, GSE72377, and GSE55098, and PBMC mRNA expression in T1DM patients was compared with that in healthy participants by GEO2R. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of DEGs were performed using the Cytoscape, DAVID, and STRING databases. The vital hub genes were validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using clinical samples. The disease-gene-drug interaction network was built using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). RESULTS We found that various biological functions or pathways related to the immune system and glucose metabolism changed in PBMCs from T1DM patients. In the PPI network, the DEGs of module 1 were significantly enriched in processes including inflammatory and immune responses and in pathways of proteoglycans in cancer. Moreover, we focused on four vital hub genes, namely, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and granzyme B (GZMB), and confirmed them in clinical PBMC samples. Furthermore, the disease-gene-drug interaction network revealed the potential of key genes as reference markers in T1DM. CONCLUSION These results provide new insight into T1DM pathogenesis and novel biomarkers that could be widely representative reference indicators or potential therapeutic targets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangheng Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Min Long https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-8131 Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China E-mail:
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspond authors: Jiaqing Shao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5410 Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Medical University, 305 Zhongshan E Rd, Nanjing 210016, China E-mail:
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11
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Khonacha SE, Mirbehbahani SH, Rahdar M, Davoudi S, Borjkhani M, Khodaghli F, Motamedi F, Janahmadia M. Kisspeptin-13 prevented the electrophysiological alterations induced by Amyloid-Beta pathology in rat: Possible involvement of stromal interaction molecules and pCREB. Brain Res Bull 2022; 184:13-23. [PMID: 35272006 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disease that slowly causing memory impairments with no effective treatment. We have recently reported that kisspeptin-13 (KP-13) ameliorates Aβ toxicity-induced memory deficit in rats. Here, the possible cellular impact of kisspeptin receptor activation in a rat model of the early stage AD was assessed using whole-cell patch-clamp recording from CA1 pyramidal neurons and molecular approaches. Compared to neurons from the control group, cells from the Aβ-treated group displayed spontaneous and evoked hyperexcitability with lower spike frequency adaptation. These cells had also a lower sag ratio in response to hyperpolarizing prepulse current delivered before a depolarizing current injection. Neurons from the Aβ-treated group exhibited short spike onset latency, lower rheobase and short utilization time compared with those in the control group. Furthermore, phase plot analysis of action potential showed that Aβ treatment affected the action potential features. These electrophysiological changes induced by Aβ were associated with increased expression of stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), particularly (STIM2) and decreased pCREB/CREB ratio. Treatment with KP-13 following Aβ injection into the entorhinal cortex, however, prevented the excitatory effect of Aβ on spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity, increased the latency of onset, enhanced the sag ratio, increased the rheobase and utilization time, and prevented the changes induced Aβ on spike parameters. In addition, the KP-13 application after Aβ treatment reduced the expression of STIMs and increased the pCREB/CREB ratio compared to those receiving Aβ treatment alone. In summary, these results provide evidence that activation of kisspeptin receptor may be effective against pathology of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ebrahimi Khonacha
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Rahdar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Borjkhani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodaghli
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadia
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Yang J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Wang H, Sun Z, Zhu X, He Y, Wong AHC, Liu F, Wang G. Serum amyloid P component level is associated with clinical response to escitalopram treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:172-178. [PMID: 34995992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a universal constituent of human amyloid deposits, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between SAP level and depression severity remains obscure. The aims of this study were to investigate how SAP is involved in depression and to explore the association between SAP level and antidepressant treatment response. Patients with MDD (n = 85) who received escitalopram monotherapy for 8-12 weeks were selected from a multicenter open-label randomized clinical trial. The same number of healthy controls was recruited. Depression severity was measured according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. The plasma levels of SAP were measured at baseline, week 2 and week 12. As a result, baseline levels of SAP were significantly higher in depressed patients than in control subjects (p < 0.001). SAP levels at baseline were negatively associated with depression severity after escitalopram treatment (p < 0.05), and the changes in SAP levels from baseline to week 12 were highly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms based on the HAMD-17 score (p < 0.05). Interestingly, treatment with escitalopram significantly decreased the plasma levels of SAP in females, but not in males. Altogether, our results suggest that SAP not only involved in the pathobiology of depression but also mediates the action of antidepressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuequan Zhu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China.
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13
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Morgese MG, Bove M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Schiavone S, Colia AL, Dimonte S, Mhillaj E, Sikora V, Tucci P, Ghelardini C, Trabace L. Precision Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease: Investigating Comorbid Common Biological Substrates in the Rat Model of Amyloid Beta-Induced Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:799561. [PMID: 35046821 PMCID: PMC8763383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.799561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, is a fatal global burden for the elder population. Although many efforts have been made, the search of a curative therapy is still ongoing. Individuating phenotypic traits that might help in investigating treatment response is of growing interest in AD research. AD is a complex pathology characterized by many comorbidities, such as depression and increased susceptibility to pain perception, leading to postulate that these conditions may rely on common biological substrates yet to be determined. In order to investigate those biological determinants to be associable with phenotypic traits, we used the rat model of amyloid beta-induced toxicity. This established model of early phase of AD is obtained by the intracerebroventricular injection of soluble amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ) peptide 7 days before performing experiments. In this model, we have previously reported increased immobility in the forced swimming test, reduced cortical serotonin levels and subtle alterations in the cognitive domain a depressive-like phenotype associated with subtle alteration in memory processes. In light of evaluating pain perception in this animal model, we performed two different behavioral tests commonly used, such as the paw pressure test and the cold plate test, to analyze mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal allodynia, respectively. Behavioural outcomes confirmed the memory impairment in the social recognition test and, compared to sham, Aβ-injected rats showed an increased selective susceptibility to mechanical but not to thermal stimulus. Behavioural data were then corroborated by neurochemical and biochemical biomarker analyses either at central or peripheral level. Data showed that the peptide injection evoked a significant increase in hypothalamic glutamate, kynurenine and dopamine content, while serotonin levels were reduced. Plasma Cystatin-C, a cysteine protease, was increased while serotonin and melatonin levels were decreased in Aβ-injected rats. Urinary levels paralleled plasma quantifications, indicating that Aβ-induced deficits in pain perception, mood and cognitive domain may also depend on these biomarkers. In conclusion, in the present study, we demonstrated that this animal model can mimic several comorbid conditions typical of the early phase of AD. Therefore, in the perspective of generating novel therapeutic strategies relevant to precision medicine in AD, this animal model and the biomarkers evaluated herein may represent an advantageous approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Colia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Genetic association between major depressive disorder and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Shared pathways and protein networks. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110339. [PMID: 33915220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common public health disorders that often co-occur. This study aims to determine whether gene expression profiles from individuals with MDD or T2DM overlap and if there are any functional interconnectivity between identified genes using protein-protein interaction (PPI). METHODS The DNA microarray datasets were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene expression dataset GSE98793 from a case-control study of MDD (64 healthy control subjects, 128 patients) and dataset GSE15653 from a case-control study of T2DM (nine controls, nine individuals with T2DM) were used for this secondary and post-hoc analysis. GO enrichment analyses and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional enrichment analyses with the shared genes. PPI networks, PPI clusters and hub genes were performed to detect the potential relationships among differentially expressed genes (DEG) -encoding proteins in both MDD and T2DM. RESULTS A total of 3640 DEGs were identified in the MDD group when compared to the control group, whereas 3700 DEGs were identified in the T2DM group when compared to the control groups, among which 244 DEGs were overlap genes. The identified DEGs were enriched for Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling, neutrophil degranulation, as well as other select species of the innate immune system. The biological processes of neurofibrillary tangle assembly regulation, tau-protein kinase activity regulation, amyloid-beta clearance regulation, amyloid-beta formation regulation and neuron apoptotic processes were also identified. Molecular function analysis indicated that identified genes were mainly enriched for amyloid-beta binding. 925 out of 1006 protein-protein interactions and six sub-networks were identified reflecting the disparate biological domains of overlapping genes. Ten hub genes further highlight the putative importance of tau-protein kinase activity, inflammatory response and neuron apoptotic regulatory processes across MDD and T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that an overlapping genetic architecture subserves MDD and T2DM. Genes relevant to the innate immune system, tau protein formation, and cellular aging were identified. Results indicate that the common, often comorbid, conditions of MDD and T2DM have a pathoetiologic nexus.
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15
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Baldinotti R, Fronza MG, Fetter J, Silva L, Bender CB, Lüdtke DS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Savegnago L. Protective effects of octylseleno-xylofuranoside in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174499. [PMID: 34508753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Octylseleno-xylofuranoside (OSX) is an organic selenium compound which has previously shown antioxidant and antidepressant-like activities, trough the modulation of monoaminergic system and synaptic plasticity pathways. Since recent studies have suggested Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a potential risk factor or condition that precedes and correlates with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), this study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of OSX in an AD mouse model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). To address this protective effect, mice were pre-treated with intragastrical OSX (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle for 20 days. After the pre-treatment, mice were submitted to two alternated intracerebroventricular infusions of STZ (days 21 and 23) or saline. 15 days after the last STZ injection, cognitive and memory skills of the treated mice were evaluated on object recognition test, Y-maze, stepdown passive avoidance and social recognition paradigms. Added to that, measurements of oxidative stress markers and gene expression were evaluated in brain samples of the same mice groups. Mice pre-treatment with OSX protected mice from cognitive and memory decline elicited by STZ. This effect was attributed to the prevention of lipid peroxidation and modulation of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities in cerebral cortices and hippocampi by OSX treatment. Furthermore, OSX treatment demonstrated reduction of amyloidogenic pathway genes expression when compared to the control groups. Besides that, OSX treatment showed no hepatic and renal toxicity in the protocol used for treatment. Considering the antidepressant-like effect of OSX, together with the ability to prevent memory and cognitive impairment, this new compound may be an interesting strategy for targeting the comorbidity between MDD and AD, in a multitarget drug paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Fetter
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Silva
- Chemical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Bonemann Bender
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Seibert Lüdtke
- Chemical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is exacerbated following traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection by co-administration of nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:1-97. [PMID: 34560919 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is one of the risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later stage. TBI induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum proteins into the brain and leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta peptide (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments causing AD brain pathology. Thus, there is a need to expand our knowledge on the role of TBI in AD. In addition, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD and TBI for neuroprotection is the need of the hour. Since stem cells and neurotrophic factors play important roles in TBI and in AD, it is likely that nanodelivery of these agents exert superior neuroprotection in TBI induced exacerbation of AD brain pathology. In this review, these aspects are examined in details based on our own investigations in the light of current scientific literature in the field. Our observations show that TBI exacerbates AD brain pathology and TiO2 nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells together with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, and monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta protein thwarted the development of neuropathology following TBI in AD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Babusikova E, Dobrota D, Turner AJ, Nalivaeva NN. Effect of Global Brain Ischemia on Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism and Expression of Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes in Rat Cortex: Role in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:680-692. [PMID: 34225591 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases significantly following chronic stress and brain ischemia which, over the years, cause accumulation of toxic amyloid species and brain damage. The effects of global 15-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion on the levels of expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its processing were investigated in the brain cortex (Cx) of male Wistar rats. Additionally, the levels of expression of the amyloid-degrading enzymes neprilysin (NEP), endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), as well as of some markers of oxidative damage were assessed. It was shown that the APP mRNA and protein levels in the rat Cx were significantly increased after the ischemic insult. Protein levels of the soluble APP fragments, especially of sAPPβ produced by β-secretase, (BACE-1) and the levels of BACE-1 mRNA and protein expression itself were also increased after ischemia. The protein levels of APP and BACE-1 in the Cx returned to the control values after 120-min reperfusion. The levels of NEP and ECE-1 mRNA also decreased after ischemia, which correlated with the decreased protein levels of these enzymes. However, we have not observed any changes in the protein levels of insulin-degrading enzyme. Contents of the markers of oxidative damage (di-tyrosine and lysine conjugates with lipid peroxidation products) were also increased after ischemia. The obtained data suggest that ischemia shifts APP processing towards the amyloidogenic β-secretase pathway and accumulation of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide as well as triggers oxidative stress in the cells. These results are discussed in the context of the role of stress and ischemia in initiation and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Babusikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Anthony J Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Natalia N Nalivaeva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. .,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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Diminich ED, Clouston SAP, Kranidis A, Kritikos M, Kotov R, Kuan P, Carr M, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ. Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Cognitive and Physical Impairments in World Trade Center Responders. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:616-627. [PMID: 33219599 PMCID: PMC8137717 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to increased prevalence and incidence of cognitive and physical impairment. When comorbid, these conditions may be associated with poor long-term outcomes. We examined associations between chronic PTSD and symptom domains with cognitive and physical functioning in World Trade Center (WTC) responders nearly 20 years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Participants included a cross-sectional sample of 4,815 responders who attended a monitoring program in 2015-2018. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores less than 23 indicated cognitive impairment (CogI); Short Physical Performance Battery scores 9 or lower on a hand-grip test indicated physical impairment (PhysI). Comorbid cognitive/physical impairment (Cog/PhysI) was defined as having cognitive impairment with at least one objective PhysI indicator. Clinical chart review provided PTSD diagnoses; symptom domains were assessed using the PTSD Checklist. Participants were on average 53.05 years (SD = 8.01); 13.44% had PTSD, 7.8% had CogI, 24.8% had PhysI, and 5.92% had comorbid Cog/PhysI. Multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that Responders with PTSD have more than three times the risk of Cog/PhysI (adjusted RR = 3.29, 95% CI 2.44- 4.44). Domain-specific analyses revealed that emotional numbing symptoms predicted an increased risk of PhysI (adjusted RR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.08-2.28), whereas reexperiencing symptoms were associated with comorbid Cog/PhysI (adjusted RR = 3.96, 95% CI, 2.33-6.74). These results suggest that responders with chronic PTSD may have increased risk of deficits beyond age-expected impairment characterized by the emergence of comorbid Cog/PhysI at midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D. Diminich
- Program in Public HealthRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Program in Public HealthRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public HealthRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Peifen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and StatisticsStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Melissa Carr
- World Trade Center Responder Health and Wellness ProgramDepartment of MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of PsychiatryRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- World Trade Center Responder Health and Wellness ProgramDepartment of MedicineRenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
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19
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Reddy AP, Yin X, Sawant N, Reddy PH. Protective effects of antidepressant citalopram against abnormal APP processing and amyloid beta-induced mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:847-864. [PMID: 33615359 PMCID: PMC8355469 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study the neuroprotective role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram, against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple SSRIs, including citalopram, are reported to treat patients with depression, anxiety and AD. However, their protective cellular mechanisms have not been studied completely. In the current study, we investigated the protective role of citalopram against impaired mitochondrial dynamics, defective mitochondrial biogenesis, defective mitophagy and synaptic dysfunction in immortalized mouse primary hippocampal cells (HT22) expressing mutant APP (SWI/IND) mutations. Using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, biochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy methods, we assessed mutant full-length APP/C-terminal fragments and Aβ levels and mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy and synaptic genes in mAPP-HT22 cells and mAPP-HT22 cells treated with citalopram. Increased levels of mRNA levels of mitochondrial fission genes, decreased levels of fusion biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic genes were found in mAPP-HT22 cells relative to WT-HT22 cells. However, mAPP-HT22 cells treated with citalopram compared to mAPP-HT22 cells revealed reduced levels of the mitochondrial fission genes, increased fusion, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic genes. Our protein data agree with mRNA levels. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significantly increased mitochondrial numbers and reduced mitochondrial length in mAPP-HT22 cells; these were reversed in citalopram-treated mAPP-HT22 cells. Cell survival rates were increased in citalopram-treated mAPP-HT22 relative to citalopram-untreated mAPP-HT22. Further, mAPP and C-terminal fragments werealso reduced in citalopram-treated cells. These findings suggest that citalopram reduces mutant APP and Aβ and mitochondrial toxicities and may have a protective role of mutant APP and Aβ-induced injuries in patients with depression, anxiety and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Neha Sawant
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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20
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Sobczuk A, Szczepanska J, Kaarniranta K. The Aging Stress Response and Its Implication for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228840. [PMID: 33266495 PMCID: PMC7700335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces several stress response pathways to counterbalance detrimental changes associated with this process. These pathways include nutrient signaling, proteostasis, mitochondrial quality control and DNA damage response. At the cellular level, these pathways are controlled by evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules, such as 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sirtuins, including SIRT1. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, playing an important role in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis, may interact with these molecules influencing lifespan and general fitness. Perturbation in the aging stress response may lead to aging-related disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main reason for vision loss in the elderly. This is supported by studies showing an important role of disturbances in mitochondrial metabolism, DDR and autophagy in AMD pathogenesis. In addition, disturbed expression of PGC-1α was shown to associate with AMD. Therefore, the aging stress response may be critical for AMD pathogenesis, and further studies are needed to precisely determine mechanisms underlying its role in AMD. These studies can include research on retinal cells produced from pluripotent stem cells obtained from AMD donors with the mutations, either native or engineered, in the critical genes for the aging stress response, including AMPK, IGF1, MTOR, SIRT1 and PPARGC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426354334
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Sobczuk
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an immunoglobulin-like receptor present on cell surface. RAGE binds to an array of structurally diverse ligands, acts as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and is expressed on cells of different origin performing different functions. RAGE ligation leads to the initiation of a cascade of signaling events and is implicated in diseases, such as inflammation, cancer, diabetes, vascular dysfunctions, retinopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the significant involvement of RAGE in the progression of numerous diseases, RAGE signaling has been targeted through use of inhibitors and anti-RAGE antibodies as a treatment strategy and therapy. Here in this review, we have summarized the physical and physiological aspects of RAGE biology in mammalian system and the importance of targeting this molecule in the treatment of various RAGE mediated pathologies. Highlights Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors and involved in many pathophysiological conditions. RAGE ligation with its ligands leads to initiation of distinct signaling cascades and activation of numerous transcription factors. Targeting RAGE signaling through inhibitors and anti-RAGE antibodies can be promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Jangde
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rashmi Ray
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivek Rai
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Maffione AB, Tucci P, Trabace L. Depressive-like phenotype evoked by lifelong nutritional omega-3 deficiency in female rats: Crosstalk among kynurenine, Toll-like receptors and amyloid beta oligomers. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:444-454. [PMID: 31987923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women is almost twice compared to men, although the reasons of this gender difference are not fully understood yet. Recently, soluble amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 peptide has been receiving great importance in the development of depression, also considering that depression is highly comorbid with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative illnesses. The central role played by Aβ in the development of depressive-like symptoms in rodents has been evidenced in environmental rodent model of depression. Indeed, we have previously found that lifelong exposure to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) deficient diet in female rats at 8 weeks of life leads to depressive like- symptoms and higher susceptibility to stress associated with increased Aβ levels. In order to understand if such effects were maintained over time, rats were exposed to the same diet regimen until 6 or 21 weeks of life. We found that both timepoints of exposure to n-3 PUFA deficient diet lead to depressive-like phenotype. Furthermore, a significant alteration in brain neurochemistry was retrieved. In particular, in hippocampal area a significant reduction in serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) content was evidenced. Considering the prominent role of NA in counterbalancing neuroinflammatory state, we quantified in the same brain area kynurenine levels, a metabolite of tryptophan implicated in inflammatory state and brought to the fore for its implication in depression. Interestingly, kynurenine levels were significantly increased in hippocampus (HIPP) of female rats exposed to such diet. In addition, lifelong deficiency in n-3 PUFA dietary intake led to systemic increase of corticosterone, hence hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivation, and higher proinflammatory cytokine production. Increased production of kynurenine, along with HPA axis hyperactivation, have been associated with immune system modulation, particularly through Toll-like receptor type 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4) involvement. In addition, it has been shown that soluble forms of Aβ1-42 can induced depressive like-phenotype in consequence to a crosstalk between TLR4 and 5-HTergic system. Thus, considering that in this model we have previously reported increased plasma Aβ1-42 level, we quantified TRL2 and 4 expression in HIPP of treated rats. We found that chronic exposure to a diet characterized by very low n-3 PUFA content led to higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in HIPP of female treated rats, indicating an activation of the immune system and was accompanied by increased expression of oligomeric Aβ. Taken together, our data indicate that the pro-depressive effects induced by a diet poor in n-3 PUFA can be attributable to a shift of hippocampal tryptophan metabolism toward inflammatory metabolite ultimately corresponding to altered immune response and increased Aβ oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy.
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Song Y, Lu M, Yuan H, Chen T, Han X. Mast cell-mediated neuroinflammation may have a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:714-726. [PMID: 32742317 PMCID: PMC7388140 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorder with a serious negative impact on the quality of life from childhood until adulthood, which may cause academic failure, family disharmony and even social unrest. The pathogenesis of ADHD has remained to be fully elucidated, leading to difficulties in the treatment of this disease. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of ADHD development. Certain studies indicated that ADHD has high comorbidity with allergic and autoimmune diseases, with various patients with ADHD having a high inflammatory status. Increasing evidence indicated that mast cells (MCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of brain inflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders. MCs may cause or aggravate neuroinflammation via the selective release of inflammatory factors, interaction with glial cells and neurons, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis or disruption of the blood-brain barrier integrity. In the present review, the notion that MC activation may be involved in the occurrence and development of ADHD through a number of ways is discussed based on previously published studies. The association between MCs and ADHD appears to lack sufficient evidence at present and this hypothesis is considered to be worthy of further study, providing a novel perspective for the treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Song
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Manqi Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Yuan
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Han
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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24
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Linnemann C, Lang UE. Pathways Connecting Late-Life Depression and Dementia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:279. [PMID: 32231570 PMCID: PMC7083108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression is associated with significant cognitive impairment. Meta-analyses showed that depression is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and it might be an etiological factor for AD. Since late-life depression is often connected with cognitive impairment and dementia is usually associated with depressive symptoms, a simple diagnostic approach to distinguish between the disorders is challenging. Several overlapping pathophysiological substrates might explain the comorbidity of both syndromes. Firstly, a stress syndrome, i.e., elevated cortisol levels, has been observed in up to 70% of depressed patients and also in AD pathology. Stress conditions can cause hippocampal neuronal damage as well as cognitive impairment. Secondly, the development of a depression and dementia after the onset of vascular diseases, the profile of cerebrovascular risk factors in both disorders and the impairments depending on the location of cerebrovascular lesions, speak in favor of a vascular hypothesis as a common factor for both disorders. Thirdly, neuroinflammatory processes play a key role in the etiology of depression as well as in dementia. Increased activation of microglia, changes in Transforming-Growth-Factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as reduction of anti-inflammatory molecules are examples of common pathways impaired in dementia and depression. Fourthly, the neurotrophin BDNF is highly expressed in the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus, where it plays a key role in the proliferation, differentiation and the maintenance of neuronal integrity throughout lifespan. It has been associated not only with antidepressant properties but also a reduction of cognitive impairment and therefore could be involved also in AD. Another etiologic factor is amyloid accumulation, as plasma amyloid beta-42 independently predicts both late-onset depression and AD. Higher plasma amyloid beta-42 predicts the development of late onset depression and conversion to possible AD. However, clinical trials with antibodies against beta amyloid recently failed, i.e., Solanezumab, Aducanumab, and Crenezumab. An overproduction of amyloid-beta might simply reflect a form of synaptic plasticity to compensate for neuronal dysfunction in different kind of neurological and psychiatric diseases of multiple etiologies. The tau hypothesis, sex/gender specific differences, epigenetics and the gut microbiota-brain axis imply other potential common pathways connecting late-life depression and dementia. In conclusion, different potential pathophysiological links between dementia and depression highlight several specific synergistic and multifaceted treatment possibilities, depending on the individual risk profile of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Linnemann
- University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Jin Y, Cui R, Zhao L, Fan J, Li B. Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12696. [PMID: 31599060 PMCID: PMC6869450 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Panax ginseng, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, plays a crucial role in modulating mood disorders. Several recent studies have identified an underlying role of Panax ginseng in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we summarized the recent progress of antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae. RESULTS The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its herbal formulae include modulating monoamine neurotransmitter system, upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, regulating the function of HPA axis, and anti-inflammatory action. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this review may provide theoretical bases and clinical applications for the treatment of depression by Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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The selenium-containing compound 3-((4-chlorophenyl)selanyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole reverses depressive-like behavior induced by acute restraint stress in mice: modulation of oxido-nitrosative stress and inflammatory pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2867-2880. [PMID: 30610349 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Stress-induced alterations in oxidative and inflammatory parameters have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Based on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the selenium-containing compound 3-((4-chlorophenyl)selanyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI), we assessed its ability to reverse depression-like behavioral alterations, neuroinflammation, and oxidative imbalance induced by acute restraint stress. METHODS Mice submitted to restraint for 240 min received CMI (1 or 10 mg/kg, orally) 10 min after the end of the stress induction. Behavioral and biochemical tests were carried out after further 30 min. RESULTS Restraint-induced depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test (TST), splash test, and new object exploration test was reversed by CMI. None of the treatments evoked locomotor alteration. In addition, CMI abrogated restraint-induced increases in plasma levels of corticosterone and in markers of oxidative stress and impaired superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). CMI also blocked stress-induced downregulation of mRNA levels of glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis alpha, indoelamine-2,3-dioxygenase, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in PFC and HC. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical results indicate that administration of selenium-containing compounds might help to treat depression associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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27
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Aminyavari S, Zahmatkesh M, Khodagholi F, Sanati M. Anxiolytic impact of Apelin-13 in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor and FKBP5. Peptides 2019; 118:170102. [PMID: 31199948 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Apelin-13 is known to be one of the predominant neuropeptides with marked protective role in circuits involved in mood disturbances. The most putative hypothesis in pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation which interrupt proper function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and are associated with anxiety. Here, we assessed the potential anxiolytic effect of Apelin-13 in a rodent cognitive impairment model induced by intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35 administration. We evaluated the memory impairment and anxiogenic behavior using shuttle box and Elevated plus maze apparatuses. We also measured the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) expression as important markers showing the proper feedback mechanism within the HPA axis. Our findings showed that Aβ 25-35 administration induced memory impairment and anxiety behaviors. Apelin-13 exerted the anxiolytic effects and provided protection against Aβ 25-35 -induced passive avoidance memory impairment. Moreover, Apelin-13 caused an increase in GR and a decrease in FKBP5 expression levels in Aβ 25-35 treated animals. Taken together, these findings showed the anxiolytic effect of Apelin-13. This effect at least in part, may be mediated through the regulation of GR and FKBP5 expression levels which have a pivotal role in the appropriate negative feedback mechanism within the HPA axis. These data suggest that Apelin-13 might be considered as a potential neuropeptide defense that reduces anxiety along with neuroprotective effect against the Aβ 25-35 -induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive Sciences and Behavioral Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ono K, Tsuji M. Pharmacological Potential of Cilostazol for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:559. [PMID: 31191308 PMCID: PMC6540873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a slow progressive form of dementia, is clinically characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment and neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of extracellular plaques containing amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles containing tau in the brain, with neuronal degeneration and high level of oxidative stress. The current treatments for AD, e.g., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), have efficacies limited to symptom improvement. Although there are various approaches to the disease modifying therapies of AD, none of them can be used alone for actual treatment, and combination therapy may be needed for amelioration of the progression. There are reports that cilostazol (CSZ) suppressed cognitive decline progression in patients with mild cognitive impairment or stable AD receiving AChEIs. Previously, we showed that CSZ suppressed Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via coincident inhibition of oxidative stress, as demonstrated by reduced activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinase. CSZ also rescued cognitive impairment and promoted soluble Aβ clearance in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Mature Aβ fibrils have long been considered the primary neurodegenerative factors in AD; however, recent evidence indicates soluble oligomers to initiate the neuronal and synaptic dysfunction related to AD and other protein-misfolding diseases. Further underscoring the potential of CSZ for AD treatment, we recently described the inhibitory effects of CSZ on Aβ oligomerization and aggregation in vitro. In this review, we discuss the possibility of CSZ as a potential disease-modifying therapy for the prevention or delay of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Q, Hu J, Liu Y, Li J, Liu B, Li M, Lou S. Aerobic Exercise Improves Synaptic-Related Proteins of Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting FOXO1/NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammatory Signaling Pathway and Ameliorating PI3K/Akt Insulin Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:28-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Ahmad MH, Fatima M, Mondal AC. Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Insulin Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 77:197-205. [PMID: 30605907 DOI: 10.1159/000495521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the commonest progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, is clinically characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Recent studies suggest a relationship between the endocrinal dysregulation and the neuronal loss during the AD pathology. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis regulating circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones has been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, dysregulated insulin signaling, impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance are some of the prime factors in the onset/progression of AD. In this review, we have discussed the changes in HPA and HPG axes, implicated insulin resistance/signaling and glucose regulation during the onset/progression of AD. Therefore, simultaneous detection of these endocrinal markers in the early or presymptomatic stages may help in the early diagnosis of AD. This evidence for implicated endocrinal functions supports the fact that modulation of endocrinal pathways can be used as therapeutic targets for AD. Future studies need to determine how the induction or inhibition of endocrinal targets could be used for predictable neuroprotection in AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
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Steiger A, Pawlowski M. Depression and Sleep. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030607. [PMID: 30708948 PMCID: PMC6386825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired sleep is both a risk factor and a symptom of depression. Objective sleep is assessed using the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Characteristic sleep-EEG changes in patients with depression include disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, changes of sleep continuity, and impaired non-REM sleep. Most antidepressants suppress REM sleep both in healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Various sleep-EEG variables may be suitable as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapy response in depression. In family studies of depression, enhanced REM density, a measure for frequency of rapid eye movements, is characteristic for an endophenotype. Cordance is an EEG measure distinctly correlated with regional brain perfusion. Prefrontal theta cordance, derived from REM sleep, appears to be a biomarker of antidepressant treatment response. Some predictive sleep-EEG markers of depression appear to be related to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Research Group Sleep Endocrinology, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marcel Pawlowski
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Research Group Sleep Endocrinology, 80804 Munich, Germany.
- Centre of Mental Health, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany.
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32
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Pilipenko V, Narbute K, Pupure J, Rumaks J, Jansone B, Klusa V. Neuroprotective action of diazepam at very low and moderate doses in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Lanni C, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Preda S, Pascale A, Grilli M, Allegri N, Govoni S. Beta-amyloid short- and long-term synaptic entanglement. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:243-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Zhu HL, Liu ZP, Yang WY, Dong DW, Zhao Y, Yang B, Huang LA, Zhang YS, Xu AD. Liraglutide Ameliorates β-Amyloid Deposits and Secondary Damage in the Ipsilateral Thalamus and Sensory Deficits After Focal Cerebral Infarction in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:962. [PMID: 30618584 PMCID: PMC6304750 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cerebral infarction causes β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and secondary neuronal degeneration in the ipsilateral thalamus. Thalamus is the subcortical center of sensory, the damage of thalamus could cause sensory deficits. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP)-1 receptor agonist, on Aβ deposits and secondary damage in the ipsilateral thalamus after focal cerebral infarction. In addition, this study was conducted to investigate whether liraglutide could improve sensory function after focal cerebral infarction. Forty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then randomly divided into liraglutide and vehicle groups, and 14 sham-operated rats as control. At 1 h after MCAO, rats in the liraglutide and vehicle groups were subcutaneously injected with liraglutide (100 μg/kg/d) and isopyknic vehicle, respectively, once a day for 7 days. Sensory function and secondary thalamic damage were assessed using adhesive-removal test and Nissl staining and immunostaining, respectively, at 7 days after MCAO. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nick end labeling and Western blot were used to detect neuronal apoptosis. The results showed that liraglutide improved sensory deficit compared to the controls. Liraglutide treatment significantly reduced Aβ deposition compared with the vehicle treatment. Liraglutide treatment decreased the neuronal loss, astroglial and microglial activation, and apoptosis compared with the vehicle treatment. Liraglutide significantly down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated that of Bax in the ipsilateral thalamus compared with the vehicle group. These results suggest that liraglutide ameliorates the deposition of Aβ and secondary damage in the ipsilateral thalamus, potentially contributing to improve sensory deficit after focal cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Pei Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wan-Yong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Dong
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-An Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Ding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Cheng D, Chang H, Ma S, Guo J, She G, Zhang F, Li L, Li X, Lu Y. Tiansi Liquid Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Tryptophan⁻Kynurenine Metabolism in Rats with Hydrocortisone-Induced Depression. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112832. [PMID: 30384480 PMCID: PMC6278342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiansi Liquid is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat depression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of Tiansi Liquid in a rat model of hydrocortisone-induced depression using behavioral testing, 16S rRNA high-throughput pyrosequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of the tryptophan (TRP)–kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Tiansi Liquid significantly improved the sucrose preference and exploratory behavior of the depressive rats. The richness of intestinal mucosa samples from the model (depressive) group tended to be higher than that from the control group, while the richness was higher in the Tiansi Liquid-treated group than in the model group. Tiansi Liquid increased the relative abundance of some microbiota (Ruminococcaceae, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group). Metabolomics showed that Tiansi Liquid reduced the levels of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, quinoline and the KYN/TRP ratio, while increasing kynurenic acid and 5-HT levels. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and quinoline content. Collectively, these findings suggest that Tiansi Liquid ameliorates depressive symptoms in rats by modulating the gut microbiota composition and metabolites in the TRP–KYN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongsheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Suya Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Feilong Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xinjie Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Park S, Kim DS, Kang S, Kim HJ. The combination of luteolin and l-theanine improved Alzheimer disease-like symptoms by potentiating hippocampal insulin signaling and decreasing neuroinflammation and norepinephrine degradation in amyloid-β-infused rats. Nutr Res 2018; 60:116-131. [PMID: 30527255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin and l-theanine have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and possible antidiabetic activities, and they may synergistically protect against dementia. Here, we hypothesized that a combination of luteolin and l-theanine would synergistically act to improve memory function and glucose disturbances in rats infused with amyloid-β, and the mechanisms underlying these actions were investigated. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25-35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed dextrin (AD-CON), 0.1% luteolin (AD-Lut), 0.2% l-theanine (AD-Thea), or both 0.05% luteolin and 0.1% l-theanine (AD-LuTh) in conjunction with a high-fat diet over 8 weeks. AD-LuTh improved memory function, as determined by water maze and passive avoidance tests, by potentiating the hippocampal insulin signaling and reducing inflammation: Luteolin mainly potentiated insulin signaling via the pAkt➔pGSK➔pTau pathway, and l-theanine primarily reduced tumor necrosis factor-α. In the metabolomics analysis of the hippocampus lysates, the concentration of proline, phenylpyruvic acid, and normetanephrine decreased in the AD-LuTh compared to AD-CON. Norepinephrine contents were lower in the AD-CON than non-AD rats with a high fat diet with 0.2% dextrin, whereas AD-Thea and AD-LuTh inhibited the decrease. Both the AD-Lut and AD-LuTh increased glucose infusion rates and decreased hepatic glucose output under basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions, indicating improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Disturbances in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during hyperglycemic clamp were most effectively corrected by the AD-Lut and AD-LuTh treatments. In conclusion, the hypothesis of the study was accepted. The combination of luteolin and l-theanine prevented Alzheimer disease-like symptom, possibly by improving hippocampal insulin signaling, norepinephrine metabolisms, and decreasing neuroinflammation. The combination of luteolin and l-theanine may be a useful therapeutic option for preventing and/or delaying the progression of memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Conejero I, Navucet S, Keller J, Olié E, Courtet P, Gabelle A. A Complex Relationship Between Suicide, Dementia, and Amyloid: A Narrative Review. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:371. [PMID: 29910709 PMCID: PMC5992441 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide rates are high among older adults and many conditions have been related to suicide in this population: chronic illnesses, physical disabilities, cancer, social isolation, mental disorders and neurocognitive disorders. Objectives: Among neurocognitive disorders, analysis of the relationships between dementia and suicidal behaviors led to conflicting results and some questions are still without answer. Particularly, it is not known whether (i) Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (SA) or the frequency of death by suicide; (ii) the presence of suicidal ideation or SA in people older than 65 years of age is an early dementia sign; and (iii) amyloid load in frontal areas facilitates SA by modifying the decision-making pathway. Methods: Therefore, in this narrative review, we searched the PubMed database using the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms (“Suicide” AND “Depression”) OR (“Amyloid” OR “Dementia”) to identify recent (from 2000 to 2017) original studies on the links between suicidal behavior, dementia and brain amyloid load. We also explored the clinical and pathophysiological role of depression in these relationships. Results and Discussion: The findings from these studies suggest that late stage dementia could protect against suicidal ideation and SA. Conversely, the risk of complete suicide is increased during the early phase of cognitive decline. Conclusions: Serious cognitive impairment and decline of executive functions could protect against negative thoughts related to cognitive disability awareness and against suicide planning.Several factors, including brain amyloid load, could be involved in the increased suicide rate early after the diagnosis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Conejero
- Department of Psychiatry, Caremeau Hospital, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France.,Inserm U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Navucet
- Department of Montpellier, Memory Resources Research Center, Gui De Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Keller
- Department of Montpellier, Memory Resources Research Center, Gui De Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- Inserm U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Post-Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Inserm U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Post-Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Inserm U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Montpellier, Memory Resources Research Center, Gui De Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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38
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Neurobiological links between depression and AD: The role of TGF-β1 signaling as a new pharmacological target. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:374-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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ATP-sensitive potassium-channel inhibitor glibenclamide attenuates HPA axis hyperactivity, depression- and anxiety-related symptoms in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:265-276. [PMID: 29307659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Affective disorders including depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affect the quality of life and progression of the disease. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-(HPA) axis has been reported in affective disorders and AD. Recent studies revealed that current antidepressant drugs are not completely effective for treating anxiety- and depression-related disorders in people with dementia. ATP-sensitive-potassium-(KATP) channels are well-known to be involved in AD pathophysiology, HPA axis function and the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety-related behaviors. Thus, targeting of KATP channel may be a potential therapeutic strategy in AD. Hence, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 alone or in combination with glibenclamide, KATP channel inhibitor on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors as well as HPA axis response to stress in rats. To do this, non-Aβ25-35- and Aβ25-35-treated rats were orally treated with glibenclamide, then the behavioral consequences were assessed using sucrose preference, forced swim, light-dark box and plus maze tests. Stress-induced corticosterone levels following forced swim and plus maze tests were also evaluated as indicative of abnormal HPA-axis-function. Aβ25-35 induced HPA axis hyperreactivity and increased depression- and anxiety-related symptoms in rats. Our results showed that blockade of KATP channels with glibenclamide decreased depression- and anxiety-related behaviors by normalizing HPA axis activity in Aβ25-35-treated rats. This study provides additional evidence that Aβ administration can induce depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in rodents, and suggests that KATP channel inhibitors may be a plausible therapeutic strategy for treating affective disorders in AD patients.
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40
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Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Ahmed ME, Zaheer S, Raikwar SP, Iyer SS, Bhagavan SM, Beladakere-Ramaswamy S, Zaheer A. Mast Cell Activation in Brain Injury, Stress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:703. [PMID: 29302258 PMCID: PMC5733004 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are localized throughout the body and mediate allergic, immune, and inflammatory reactions. They are heterogeneous, tissue-resident, long-lived, and granulated cells. Mast cells increase their numbers in specific site in the body by proliferation, increased recruitment, increased survival, and increased rate of maturation from its progenitors. Mast cells are implicated in brain injuries, neuropsychiatric disorders, stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Brain mast cells are the first responders before microglia in the brain injuries since mast cells can release prestored mediators. Mast cells also can detect amyloid plaque formation during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Stress conditions activate mast cells to release prestored and newly synthesized inflammatory mediators and induce increased blood-brain barrier permeability, recruitment of immune and inflammatory cells into the brain and neuroinflammation. Stress induces the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and mast cells. CRH activates glial cells and mast cells through CRH receptors and releases neuroinflammatory mediators. Stress also increases proinflammatory mediator release in the peripheral systems that can induce and augment neuroinflammation. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a traumatic-chronic stress related mental dysfunction. Currently there is no specific therapy to treat PTSD since its disease mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. Moreover, recent reports indicate that PTSD could induce and augment neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mast cells play a crucial role in the peripheral inflammation as well as in neuroinflammation due to brain injuries, stress, depression, and PTSD. Therefore, mast cells activation in brain injury, stress, and PTSD may accelerate the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including AD. This review focusses on how mast cells in brain injuries, stress, and PTSD may promote the pathogenesis of AD. We suggest that inhibition of mast cells activation and brain cells associated inflammatory pathways in the brain injuries, stress, and PTSD can be explored as a new therapeutic target to delay or prevent the pathogenesis and severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Govindhasamy P Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mohammad E Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sachin M Bhagavan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Swathi Beladakere-Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran's Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, United States
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41
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N-3 PUFA diet enrichment prevents amyloid beta-induced depressive-like phenotype. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:526-534. [PMID: 29203442 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among neuropsychiatric diseases, depression is one of the most prevalent. Many pathologies have been indicated as comorbid with depression and in particular, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD). In this regard, several evidences endorse a strong relationship between depression and AD, so much that this mental illness has been proposed either as a risk factor for AD or as a prodromic AD phase. Furthermore, amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, the main constituent of amyloid plaques commonly considered the principal hallmark of AD brains, has been shown to be increased, in its soluble form, in depressed patients. Accordingly, we have previously found that Aβ, intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injected, is able to evoke a depressive-like profile in rats accompanied by low cortical serotonin and reduced neurotrophin content. Taking into account the great increase in AD and depression prevalence, many environmental factors have been under study, particularly dietary factors, and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is becoming central in this field of research. Thus, aim of the present study was to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of lifelong exposure to either n-3 PUFA rich or n-3 PUFA poor diet after Aβ central administration. Results showed that n-3 PUFA enriched diet prevented the Aβ- induced depressive-like behaviors, as reveled by the reduction in the immobility time in the FST test. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA rich diet exposure reverted also serotonin and neurotrophin level reduction in prefrontal cortex of Aβ treated rats. Taken together, our data support the concept that supplementation of diet with n-3 PUFA represents a valid approach to reduce the risk of developing depressive symptoms, as well as reducing the risk of Aβ-related pathologies, such as AD.
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