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Yuan Y, Ding Z, Qian J, Zhang J, Xu J, Dong X, Han T, Ge S, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhong K, Liang G. Casp3/7-Instructed Intracellular Aggregation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Enhances T2 MR Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2686-2691. [PMID: 27031226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large magnetic nanoparticles or aggregates are advantageous in their magnetic resonance properties over ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles (NPs), but the former are cleared faster from the blood pool. Therefore, the "smart" strategy of intracellular aggregation of USPIO NPs is required for enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging. Herein, employing an enzyme-instructed condensation reaction, we rationally designed a small molecule Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Cys(StBu)-Lys-CBT (1) to covalently modify USPIO NPs to prepare monodispersive Fe3O4@1 NPs. In vitro results showed that Fe3O4@1 NPs could be subjected to caspase 3 (Casp3)-instructed aggregation. T2 phantom MR imaging showed that the transverse molar relaxivity (r2) of Fe3O4@1 NPs with Casp3 or apoptotic HepG2 cells was significantly larger than those of control groups. In vivo tumor MR imaging results indicated that Fe3O4@1 NPs could be specifically applied for enhanced T2 MR imaging of tumor apoptosis. We propose that the enzyme-instructed intracellular aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs could be a novel strategy for the design of "smart" probes for efficient T2 MR imaging of in vivo biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhanling Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinyong Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xuejiao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuchao Ge
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Zeng W, Wang X, Xu P, Liu G, Eden HS, Chen X. Molecular imaging of apoptosis: from micro to macro. Theranostics 2015; 5:559-82. [PMID: 25825597 PMCID: PMC4377726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is involved in numerous human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer, and is often confused with other types of cell death. Therefore strategies that enable visualized detection of apoptosis would be of enormous benefit in the clinic for diagnosis, patient management, and development of new therapies. In recent years, improved understanding of the apoptotic machinery and progress in imaging modalities have provided opportunities for researchers to formulate microscopic and macroscopic imaging strategies based on well-defined molecular markers and/or physiological features. Correspondingly, a large collection of apoptosis imaging probes and approaches have been documented in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we mainly discuss microscopic imaging assays and macroscopic imaging probes, ranging in complexity from simple attachments of reporter moieties to proteins that interact with apoptotic biomarkers, to rationally designed probes that target biochemical changes. Their clinical translation will also be our focus.
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Kim JE, Ahn BC, Lee HW, Hwang MH, Shin SH, Lee SW, Sung YK, Lee J. In Vivo Monitoring of Survival and Proliferation of Hair Stem Cells in a Hair Follicle Generation Animal Model. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Hwang
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Shin
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Abstract
Metastasis to the brain is a feared complication of systemic cancer, associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor metabolism might help us meet the challenges in controlling brain metastases. The study aims to characterize the metabolic profile of brain metastases of different origin using high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to correlate the metabolic profiles to clinical and pathological information. Biopsy samples of human brain metastases (n = 49) were investigated. A significant correlation between lipid signals and necrosis in brain metastases was observed (p < 0.01), irrespective of their primary origin. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that brain metastases from malignant melanomas cluster together, while lung carcinomas were metabolically heterogeneous and overlap with other subtypes. Metastatic melanomas have higher amounts of glycerophosphocholine than other brain metastases. A significant correlation between microscopically visible lipid droplets estimated by Nile Red staining and MR visible lipid signals was observed in metastatic lung carcinomas (p = 0.01), indicating that the proton MR visible lipid signals arise from cytoplasmic lipid droplets. MRS-based metabolomic profiling is a useful tool for exploring the metabolic profiles of metastatic brain tumors.
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Abstract
Molecular imaging fundamentally changes the way we look at cancer. Imaging paradigms are now shifting away from classical morphological measures towards the assessment of functional, metabolic, cellular, and molecular information in vivo. Interdisciplinary driven developments of imaging methodology and probe molecules utilizing animal models of human cancers have enhanced our ability to non-invasively characterize neoplastic tissue and follow anti-cancer treatments. Preclinical molecular imaging offers a whole palette of excellent methodology to choose from. We will focus on positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, since they provide excellent and complementary molecular imaging capabilities and bear high potential for clinical translation. Prerequisites and consequences of using animal models as surrogates of human cancers in preclinical molecular imaging are outlined. We present physical principles, values and limitations of PET and MRI as molecular imaging modalities and comment on their high potential to non-invasively assess information on hypoxia, angiogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression, metabolism, and cell trafficking in preclinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Wolf
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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James ML, Gambhir SS. A molecular imaging primer: modalities, imaging agents, and applications. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:897-965. [PMID: 22535898 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical processes involved in normal physiology and disease states, in real time, in living cells, tissues, and intact subjects. In this review, we focus specifically on molecular imaging of intact living subjects. We provide a basic primer for those who are new to molecular imaging, and a resource for those involved in the field. We begin by describing classical molecular imaging techniques together with their key strengths and limitations, after which we introduce some of the latest emerging imaging modalities. We provide an overview of the main classes of molecular imaging agents (i.e., small molecules, peptides, aptamers, engineered proteins, and nanoparticles) and cite examples of how molecular imaging is being applied in oncology, neuroscience, cardiology, gene therapy, cell tracking, and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics). A step-by-step guide to answering biological and/or clinical questions using the tools of molecular imaging is also provided. We conclude by discussing the grand challenges of the field, its future directions, and enormous potential for further impacting how we approach research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L James
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Basuli F, Wu H, Shi ZD, Teng B, Li C, Sulima A, Bate A, Young P, McMillan M, Griffiths GL. Synthesis of ApoSense compound [18F]2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-(fluoromethyl)butanoic acid ([18F]NST732) by nucleophilic ring opening of an aziridine precursor. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:687-96. [PMID: 22336374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The small molecule 2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-(fluoromethyl)butanoic acid (NST732) is a member of the ApoSense family of compounds, capable of selective targeting, binding and accumulation within cells undergoing apoptotic cell death. It has application in molecular imaging and blood clotting particularly for monitoring antiapoptotic drug treatments. We are investigating a fluorine-18-radiolabeled analog of this compound for positron emission tomography studies. METHODS We prepared the tosylate precursor methyl 2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-(tosyloxymethyl)butanoate (4) to synthesize fluorine-18-labeled NST732. Fluorination reaction of the tosylate precursor in 1:1 acetonitrile:dimethylsulfoxide with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride proceeds through an aziridine intermediate (4A) to afford two regioisomers: 2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-fluorobutanoate (5) and methyl 2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-(fluoromethyl)butanoate (6). Acid hydrolysis of the fluoromethylbutanoate (6) isomer produced NST732. As the fluorination reaction of the tosylate precursor proceeds through an aziridine intermediate (4A) and the fluorination conceivably could be done directly on the aziridine, we have separately prepared an aziridine precursor (4A). Fluorine-18 labeling of the aziridine precursor (4A) was performed with [(18)F]tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to afford the same two regioisomers (5 and 6). The [18F]2-((5-dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)methyl)-2-fluorobutanoic acid (NST732) was then obtained by the hydrolysis of corresponding [18F]-labeled ester (6) with 6 N hydrochloric acid. RESULTS Two regioisomers obtained from the fluorination reaction of aziridine were easily separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The total radiochemical yield was 15%±3% (uncorrected, n=18) from the aziridine precursor in a 70-min synthesis time with a radiochemical purity>99%. CONCLUSION Fluorine-18-labeled ApoSense compound [18F]NST732 is prepared in moderate yield by direct fluorination of an aziridine precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Liimatainen T, Sierra A, Hanson T, Sorce DJ, Ylä-Herttuala S, Garwood M, Michaeli S, Gröhn O. Glioma cell density in a rat gene therapy model gauged by water relaxation rate along a fictitious magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:269-77. [PMID: 21721037 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal and transverse rotating-frame relaxation time constants, T(1) (ρ) and T(2) (ρ) , have previously been successfully applied to detect gene therapy responses and acute stroke in animal models. Those experiments were performed with continuous-wave irradiation or with frequency-modulated pulses operating in an adiabatic regime. The technique called Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field (RAFF) is a recent extension of frequency-modulated rotating-frame relaxation methods. In RAFF, spin locking takes place along a fictitious magnetic field, and the decay rate is a function of both T(1ρ) and T(2ρ) processes. In this work, the time constant characterizing water relaxation with RAFF (T(RAFF) ) was evaluated for its utility as a marker of response to gene therapy in a rat glioma model. To investigate the sensitivity to early treatment response, we measured several rotating-frame and free-precession relaxation time constants and the water apparent diffusion coefficients, and these were compared with histological cell counts in 8 days of treated and control groups of animals. T(RAFF) was the only parameter exhibiting significant association with cell density in three different tumor regions (border, intermediate, and core tissues). These results indicate that T(RAFF) may provide a marker to identify tumors responding to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Liimatainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Zeng W, Miao W, Le Puil M, Shi G, Biggerstaff J, Kabalka GW, Townsend D. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-(5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfon-amido)-3-(4-iodophenyl)butanoic acid as a novel molecular probe for apoptosis imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:571-5. [PMID: 20599754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many disorders, thus the detection of apoptotic cells can provide the physician with important information to further therapeutic strategies and would substantially advance patient care. A small molecule, 4-(5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-3-(4-iodo-phenyl)butanoic acid (DNSBA), was designed as a novel probe for imaging apoptosis and synthesized with good yield. The biological characterization demonstrated that DNSBA can be used to specifically and selectively detect apoptotic cancer cells at all stages. DNSBA is also designed as a potential SPECT and PET probe when labeled with radioiodine (I-123, -124, and -131).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410078, China.
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Zhang Q, Hu JZ, Rommereim DN, Murphy MK, Phipps RP, Huso DL, Dicello JF. Application of high-resolution 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy to the analysis of intact bones from mice exposed to gamma radiation. Radiat Res 2009; 172:607-16. [PMID: 19883229 PMCID: PMC2796857 DOI: 10.1667/rr1715.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that high-resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR can be used to profile the pathology of bone marrow rapidly and with minimal sample preparation. The spectral resolution obtained allows several metabolites to be analyzed quantitatively. The level of NMR-detectable metabolites in the epiphysis + metaphysis sections of mouse femur were significantly higher than that observed in the diaphysis of the same femur. The major metabolite damage to bone marrow resulting from either 3.0 Gy or 7.8 Gy of whole-body gamma radiation 4 days after exposure were (1) decreased total choline content, (2) increased fatty acids in bone marrow, and (3) decreased creatine content. These results suggest that the membrane choline phospholipid metabolism (MCPM) pathway and the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway were altered as a result of radiation exposure. We also found that the metabolic damage induced by radiation in the epiphysis + metaphysis sections of mouse femur was higher than that of the diaphysis of the same femur. Traditional histopathology analysis was also carried out to correlate radiation damage with changes in metabolites. Importantly, the molecular information gleaned from high-resolution MAS 1H NMR complements the pathology data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | | | - Mark K. Murphy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lung Biology and Disease Program and Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - David L. Huso
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - John F. Dicello
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92354
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Bailey C, Giles A, Czarnota GJ, Stanisz GJ. Detection of apoptotic cell death in vitro in the presence of Gd-DTPA-BMA. Magn Reson Med 2009; 62:46-55. [PMID: 19253383 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to variability in patient response to cancer therapy, there is a growing interest in monitoring patient progress during treatment. Apoptotic cell death is one early marker of tumor response to treatment. Using known extracellular concentrations of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid bismethylamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA) to vary the exchange regime, T(1) and T(2) relaxation data for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell samples were obtained and then analyzed using a two-pool model of relaxation with exchange. Leukemia cells treated with cisplatin to induce apoptosis exhibited a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in intracellular longitudinal relaxation time, T(1I), from 1030 ms to 940 ms, a decrease (P < 0.001) in the intracellular water fraction, M(0I), from 0.86 to 0.68 and a statistically significant increase (P < 0.01) in transmembrane water exchange rate, k(IE), from 1.4 s(-1) to 6.8 s(-1). The changes in MR parameters correlated with quantitative histology, such as cellular cross-sectional area and average nuclear area measurements. The results of this study emphasize the importance of accounting for water exchange in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) studies, particularly those that examine tumor response to therapies in which apoptotic changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Bailey
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Molecular imaging: a primer for interventionalists and imagers. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009; 20:S505-22. [PMID: 19560036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of human diseases by their underlying molecular and genomic aberrations has been the hallmark of molecular medicine. From this, molecular imaging has emerged as a potentially revolutionary discipline that aims to visually characterize normal and pathologic processes at the cellular and molecular levels within the milieu of living organisms. Molecular imaging holds promise to provide earlier and more precise disease diagnosis, improved disease characterization, and timely assessment of therapeutic response. This primer is intended to provide a broad overview of molecular imaging with specific focus on future clinical applications relevant to interventional radiology.
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Abstract
Cancer occurs as a result of misregulation of cell growth, which appears to be a consequence of alteration in the function of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Ionising radiation has been used, since the discovery of X-rays in 1896 by Roentgen, both in cancer research and treatment of the disease. The main purpose of cancer research is to understand the molecular alterations involved in the development and progression of the disease in order to improve diagnosis and develop personalised therapies, by focusing on the features of the tumoral cell and the biological events associated to carcinogenesis. Radioisotopic techniques have been used routinely for in vitro research in the molecular and cellular biology of cancer for more than 20 years and are in the process of being substituted by alternative non-radioactive techniques. However in vivo techniques such as irradiation of cells in culture and/or experimental animal models and radioactive labelling are in development, due in part to advances in molecular imaging technologies. The objective of this review is to analyse in an integrative way the applications of ionising radiation in cancer research and therapy. It had been divided into two parts. The first one will approach the techniques applied to cancer research and the second will summarise how ionising radiation is applied to the treatment of neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Macías
- Servicio de Protección Radiológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Luciani AM, Grande S, Palma A, Rosi A, Giovannini C, Sapora O, Viti V, Guidoni L. Characterization of 1H NMR detectable mobile lipids in cells from human adenocarcinomas. FEBS J 2009; 276:1333-46. [PMID: 19210542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies are often carried out to provide metabolic information on tumour cell metabolism, aiming for increased knowledge for use in anti-cancer treatments. Accordingly, the presence of intense lipid signals in tumour cells has been the subject of many studies aiming to obtain further insight on the reaction of cancer cells to external agents that eventually cause cell death. The present study explored the relationship between changes in neutral lipid signals during cell growth and after irradiation with gamma rays to provide arrest in cell cycle and cell death. Two cell lines from human tumours were used that were differently prone to apoptosis following irradiation. A sub-G1 peak was present only in the radiosensitive HeLa cells. Different patterns of neutral lipids changes were observed in spectra from intact cells, either during unperturbed cell growth in culture or after radiation-induced growth arrest. The intensities of triglyceride signals in the spectra from extracted total lipids changed concurrently. The increase in lipid peak intensities did not correlate with the apoptotic fate. Modelling to fit the experimental data revealed a dynamic equilibrium between the production and depletion of neutral lipids. This is observed for the first time in cells that are different from adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Luciani
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Stefflova K, Chen J, Li H, Zheng G. Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Agent with a Built-In Apoptosis Sensor for in Vivo Near-Infrared Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis Triggered by its Photosensitization in Situ. Mol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2006.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Stefflova
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juan Chen
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hui Li
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gang Zheng
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Wang DS, Dake MD, Park JM, Kuo MD. Molecular Imaging: A Primer for Interventionalists and Imagers. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17:1405-23. [PMID: 16990461 DOI: 10.1097/01.rvi.0000235746.86332.df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of human diseases by their underlying molecular and genomic aberrations has been the hallmark of molecular medicine. From this, molecular imaging has emerged as a potentially revolutionary discipline that aims to visually characterize normal and pathologic processes at the cellular and molecular levels within the milieu of living organisms. Molecular imaging holds promise to provide earlier and more precise disease diagnosis, improved disease characterization, and timely assessment of therapeutic response. This primer is intended to provide a broad overview of molecular imaging with specific focus on future clinical applications relevant to interventional radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Translational Medical Systems, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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Liimatainen T, Lehtimäki K, Ala-Korpela M, Hakumäki J. Identification of mobile cholesterol compounds in experimental gliomas by (1)H MRS in vivo: effects of ganciclovir-induced apoptosis on lipids. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4746-50. [PMID: 16893542 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This letter presents a novel identification and analysis of mobile cholesterol compounds in an experimental glioma model by (1)H MRS in vivo. The cholesterol compounds turned out to comprise as much as 17 mol% of MRS visible total lipids. The results also imply partly associated accumulation of (1)H MRS detectable cholesterol compounds and unsaturated lipids during gene therapy-induced apoptosis, and indicate that the contribution of cholesterol compounds cannot be bypassed in spectral lipid analysis. The introduced (1)H MRS approach facilitates a non-invasive follow-up of mobile cholesterol compounds, paving way for studies of tumour cholesterol metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Liimatainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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