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Cui Y, Tao Y, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang P, Li G, Shi M, Ang EH. A ladder-type organic molecule with pseudocapacitive properties enabling superior electrochemical desalination. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025; 12:2341-2350. [PMID: 39791529 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01342e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
The availability of clean water is fundamental for maintaining sustainable environments and human ecosystems. Capacitive deionization offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient solution to meet the rising demand for clean water. Electrode materials based on pseudocapacitive adsorption have attracted significant attention in capacitive deionization due to their relatively high desalination capacity. In this study, a novel organic compound, PTQN, is introduced, featuring a ladder-type structure enriched with imine-based active sites, specifically designed for capacitive deionization. This advanced molecular design imparts the PTQN compound with exceptional pseudocapacitive properties, enhanced electron delocalization, and superior structural stability, which are supported by both experimental results and theoretical analyses. As an electrode, PTQN exhibits a high pseudocapacitive capacitance of 238.26 F g-1 and demonstrates excellent long-term stability, retaining approximately 100 percent of its capacitance after 5000 cycles in NaCl solution. The involvement of PTQN active sites in the Na+ electrosorption process was further elucidated using theoretical calculations and ex situ characterization. Moreover, a hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) device employing the PTQN electrode exhibited an impressive salt removal capacity of 61.55 mg g-1, a rapid average removal rate of 2.05 mg g-1 min-1, and consistent regeneration performance (∼97.04 percent after 50 cycles), demonstrating its potential for capacitive deionization systems. Furthermore, the PTQN electrode displayed superior removal efficiency for tetracycline. This work contributes to the rational design of organic materials for the development of advanced electrochemical desalination systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Yueheng Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Houxiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Peipei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Guangxing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Minjie Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
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2
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Geng W, Gong C, Li Z, Chen C, Zhang Y, Wang G. Na 2MnSiO 4/C as hybrid capacitive deionization electrode material to enhance desalination performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:627-636. [PMID: 38367580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of Na2MnSiO4 as a Faraday electrode in hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) is investigated to achieve efficient desalination. The Na2MnSiO4/C (NMSO) materials were fabricated via a simple sol-gel method, in which the synthesis process was modulated by adjusting the volume ratio of ethanol to water. When maintaining the volume ratio of water to ethanol at 3:1, the resultant NMSO-3/1 exhibited expected salt adsorption capacity of 31.06 mg g-1 and salt adsorption rate of 20.43 mg g-1 min-1. This distinguished desalination performance was mainly attributed to its inherent multiple redox pairs, as well as the integration of ethanol, which enhanced both specific capacitance and hydrophilicity of the material. This study opens a new perspective for the development of highly efficient materials in HCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyi Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Wusong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Chengyun Gong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, PR China
| | - Zeyang Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Chun Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Guozhong Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Lu'an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu'an 237100, PR China.
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3
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Lin G, Wang G, Xiong Y, Li S, Jiang R, Lu B, Huang B, Xie H. High-performance electrosorption of lanthanum ion by Mn 3O 4-loaded phosphorus-doped porous carbon electrodes via capacitive deionization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120856. [PMID: 38608574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-oxide@heteroatom doped porous carbon composites have attracted considerable research interest because of their large theoretical adsorption capacity, excellent electrical conductivity and well-developed pore structure. Herein, Mn3O4-loaded phosphorus-doped porous carbon composites (Mn3O4@PC-900) were designed and fabricated for the electrosorption of La3+ in aqueous solutions. Due to the synergistic effect between Mn3O4 and PC-900, and the active sites provided by Mn-O-Mn, C/PO, C-P-O and Mn-OH, Mn3O4@PC-900 exhibits high electrosorption performance. The electrosorption value of Mn3O4@PC-900 was 45.34% higher than that of PC-900, reaching 93.02 mg g-1. Moreover, the adsorption selectivity reached 87.93% and 89.27% in La3+/Ca2+ and La3+/Na+ coexistence system, respectively. After 15 adsorption-desorption cycles, its adsorption capacity and retention rate were 50.34 mg g-1 and 54.12%, respectively. The electrosorption process is that La3+ first accesses the pores of Mn3O4@PC-900 to generate an electric double layer (EDL), and then undergoes further Faradaic reaction with Mn3O4 and phosphorus-containing functional groups through intercalation, surface adsorption and complexation. This work is hoped to offer a new idea for exploring transition-metal-oxide @ heteroatom doped porous carbon composites for separation and recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) by capacitive deionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfeng Lin
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Jinshan College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Guilong Wang
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongzhi Xiong
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Simin Li
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rongyuan Jiang
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Beili Lu
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Materials Engineering College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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4
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Datar SD, Kumar N, Sawant V, Shaikh N, Jha N. Solar reduced graphene oxide decorated with manganese dioxide nanostructures for brackish water desalination using asymmetric capacitive deionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30381-30390. [PMID: 37909374 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02984k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a low-cost, reagent-free technique for the desalination of water. This technique is based on the immobilization of dissolved ions on the electrically charged electrodes, by the electrosorption phenomenon. The electrosorption of dissolved ions by using CDI is limited for feed water having a low concentration of salts. To address this problem, we employ an asymmetric capacitive deionization (Asy-CDI) architecture having solar reduced graphene oxide decorated with manganese dioxide nanostructures (SRGO-MnO2 composite). The Asy-CDI possesses an SRGO-MnO2 composite as the cathode and SRGO as the anode with an anion exchange membrane. The cathode formed from the SRGO-MnO2 composite serves the purpose of immobilization of cations, whereas the anode formed from SRGO is responsible for anion removal. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of the as-synthesized SRGO-MnO2 composite electrode materials are characterized by several techniques, confirming that the surface of SRGO is successfully loaded with α-MnO2 nanostructures. The electrochemical characterization reveals a high specific capacitance of the as-synthesized SRGO-MnO2 composite (419.9 F g-1) at 100 mV s-1. The Asy-CDI provides a higher salt adsorption capacity (40.2 mg g-1) compared to Sy-CDI (28.3 mg g-1) with feed water containing a salt concentration of 2000 mg L-1. These results indicate that the Asy-CDI may be employed as an efficient technique for the desalination of high concentration salt water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreerang D Datar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Vrushali Sawant
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Noora Shaikh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Neetu Jha
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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5
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Ashok. C S, Vazhayil A, Thomas J, Thomas N. Impact of cation substitution in NiCo2O4 spinel on morphology and electrochemical performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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6
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Younes H, Rahman MM, Hong H, AlNahyan M, Ravaux F. Capacitive deionization performance of asymmetric nanoengineered CoFe 2O 4 carbon nanomaterials composite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32539-32549. [PMID: 36469268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a relatively new technique that uses electric double layer (EDL) effects, high-affinity chemical groups, redox-active materials, and membrane capacitive electrosorption principle for the desalination. In this paper, hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt ferric oxide (CFO) metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coupled with the vacuum filtration method, or the freeze-drying method is used to fabricate high-performance nanocomposites: CFO-graphene, CFO-CNTs, and CFO-3DrGO. Two times of hydrothermal reaction methods were conducted to fabricate the CFO-3DrGO nanoengineered as a pseudocapacitive/EDL electrode. The results have demonstrated that the SAC of CFO-3DrGO/CFO (64.5 mg g-1) is greater than that of the CFO-graphene/CFO (55.16 mg g-1) and CFO-CNTs/CFO (21.5 mg g-1) due to the better surface area of the CFO-3DrGO nanocomposite (330 m2 g-1). The higher surface area of the CFO-3DrGO is due to the porous and interconnected 3D structure of the 3DrGO, and it provides a larger surface area to form EDL capacitance. In addition, the added porous 3DrGO entangled with the spinel crystals (CoFe2O4) in the composite allowed for a quick ion diffusion across the interconnected open macroporous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Younes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
| | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Haiping Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Maryam AlNahyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Florent Ravaux
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Song E, Anh Thu Tran N, Woon Kang Y, Yu H, Yoo CY, Tae Park J, Cho Y. Two-Dimensional Bimetallic Cobalt-Copper Metal Organic Framework for Improved Desalination Performance of Capacitive Deionization. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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8
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Liu Y, Tian Y, Xu J, Wang C, Wang Y, Yuan D, Chew JW. Electrosorption performance on graphene-based materials: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6518-6529. [PMID: 36845580 PMCID: PMC9950858 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its unique advantages such as flexible planar structure, ultrahigh specific surface area, superior electrical conductivity and electrical double-layer capacitance in theory, graphene has unparalleled virtues compared with other carbon materials. This review summarizes the recent research progress of various graphene-based electrodes on ion electrosorption fields, especially for water desalination utilizing capacitive deionization (CDI) technology. We present the latest advances of graphene-based electrodes, such as 3D graphene, graphene/metal oxide (MO) composites, graphene/carbon composites, heteroatom-doped graphene and graphene/polymer composites. Furthermore, a brief outlook on the challenges and future possible developments in the electrosorption area are also addressed for researchers to design graphene-based electrodes towards practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yun Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jianda Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Changfu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Dingzhong Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
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9
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Martinez J, Colán M, Castillón R, Ramos PG, Paria R, Sánchez L, Rodríguez JM. Fabrication of Activated Carbon Decorated with ZnO Nanorod-Based Electrodes for Desalination of Brackish Water Using Capacitive Deionization Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021409. [PMID: 36674925 PMCID: PMC9866127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising and cost-effective technology that is currently being widely explored for removing dissolved ions from saline water. This research developed materials based on activated carbon (AC) materials modified with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and used them as high-performance CDI electrodes for water desalination. The as-prepared electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, and their physical properties were studied through SEM and XRD. ZnO-coated AC electrodes revealed a better specific absorption capacity (SAC) and an average salt adsorption rate (ASAR) compared to pristine AC, specifically with values of 123.66 mg/g and 5.06 mg/g/min, respectively. The desalination process was conducted using a 0.4 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution with flow rates from 45 mL/min to 105 mL/min under an applied potential of 1.2 V. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the desalination process, the specific energy consumption (SEC), and the maximum and minimum of the effluent solution concentration were quantified using thermodynamic energy efficiency (TEE). Finally, this work suggested that AC/ZnO material has the potential to be utilized as a CDI electrode for the desalination of saline water.
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Zhang B, Li J, Hu B, Wang Y, Shang X, Nie P, Yang J, Liu J. Flexible δ-MnO2 nanosheet-infixed porous carbon nanofibers for capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Li Y, Yin Y, Xie F, Zhao G, Han L, Zhang L, Lu T, Amin MA, Yamauchi Y, Xu X, Zhu G, Pan L. Polyaniline coated MOF-derived Mn 2O 3 nanorods for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113331. [PMID: 35472462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mn-based oxides are efficient pseudocapacitive electrode materials and have been investigated for capacitive deionization (CDI). However, their poor conductivity seriously affects their desalination performance. In this work, polyaniline coated Mn2O3 nanorods (PANI/Mn2O3) are synthesized by oxidizing a Mn-based metal organic framework (MOF) and subsequent in-situ chemical polymerization. The polyaniline not only acts as a conductive network for faradaic reactions of Mn2O3, but also enhances the desalination rate. PANI/Mn2O3 has a specific capacitance of 87 F g-1 (at 1 A g-1), superior to that of Mn2O3 nanorod (52 F g-1 at 1 A g-1). The hybrid CDI cell constructed with a PANI/Mn2O3 cathode and an active carbon anode shows a high desalination capacity of 21.6 mg g-1, superior recyclability with only 11.3% desalination capacity decay after 30 desalination cycles and fast desalination rate of 2.2 mg g-1 min-1. PANI/Mn2O3 is a potential candidate for high performance CDI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Yufeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Fengting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xingtao Xu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Guang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China.
| | - Likun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Li M, Zhu K, Zhao H, Meng Z. Recent Progress on Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Sodium-Ion Storage. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2837. [PMID: 36014703 PMCID: PMC9414377 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In advancing battery technologies, primary attention is paid to developing and optimizing low-cost electrode materials capable of fast reversible ion insertion and extraction with good cycling ability. Sodium-ion batteries stand out due to their inexpensive price and comparable operating principle to lithium-ion batteries. To achieve this target, various graphene-based nanocomposites fabricate strategies have been proposed to help realize the nanostructured electrode for high electrochemical performance sodium-ion batteries. In this review, the graphene-based nanocomposites were introduced according to the following main categories: graphene surface modification and doping, three-dimensional structured graphene, graphene coated on the surface of active materials, and the intercalation layer stacked graphene. Through one or more of the above strategies, graphene is compounded with active substances to prepare the nanocomposite electrode, which is applied as the anode or cathode to sodium-ion batteries. The recent research progress of graphene-based nanocomposites for SIBs is also summarized in this study based on the above categories, especially for nanocomposite fabricate methods, the structural characteristics of electrodes as well as the influence of graphene on the performance of the SIBs. In addition, the relevant mechanism is also within the scope of this discussion, such as synergistic effect of graphene with active substances, the insertion/deintercalation process of sodium ions in different kinds of nanocomposites, and electrochemical reaction mechanism in the energy storage. At the end of this study, a series of strategies are summarized to address the challenges of graphene-based nanocomposites and several critical research prospects of SIBs that provide insights for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Li
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kailan Zhu
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hanxue Zhao
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zheyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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13
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Knowledge and Technology Used in Capacitive Deionization of Water. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050459. [PMID: 35629785 PMCID: PMC9143758 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for water and energy in today’s developing world is enormous and has become the key to the progress of societies. Many methods have been developed to desalinate water, but energy and environmental constraints have slowed or stopped the growth of many. Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is a very new method that uses porous carbon electrodes with significant potential for low energy desalination. This process is known as deionization by applying a very low voltage of 1.2 volts and removing charged ions and molecules. Using capacitive principles in this method, the absorption phenomenon is facilitated, which is known as capacitive deionization. In the capacitive deionization method, unlike other methods in which water is separated from salt, in this technology, salt, which is a smaller part of this compound, is separated from water and salt solution, which in turn causes less energy consumption. With the advancement of science and the introduction of new porous materials, the use of this method of deionization has increased greatly. Due to the limitations of other methods of desalination, this method has been very popular among researchers and the water desalination industry and needs more scientific research to become more commercial.
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xue J, Tang C. MnO 2-Coated Graphene/Polypyrrole Hybrids for Enhanced Capacitive Deionization Performance of Cu 2+ Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
| | - Yuehan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
| | - Juanqin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
| | - Changbin Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
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Datar SD, Mane R, Jha N. Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10696. [PMID: 35289462 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox-active electrolytes, or ion specific pre-intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon-based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications. Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion-intercalation processes. Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals. Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC. In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreerang D Datar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rupali Mane
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Neetu Jha
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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16
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Nguyen TKA, Kuncoro EP, Doong RA. Manganese ferrite decorated N-doped polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber for the enhanced capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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17
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Chang JH, Shen SY, Dong CD, Shkir M, Kumar M. Morphology-dependent MoO 3/Ni-F nanostructures with enhanced electrochemical hydrogen peroxide detection. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131960. [PMID: 34438213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present report investigates the various MoO3 morphologies prepared via different approaches such as morphologies are cubic sheet, ribbon, and hexagonal sheet. These prepared nanostructures are modified as a MoO3/Ni-F electrode used to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The influence of the morphology on the microstructural, morphological, electronic state, optical and electrochemical properties of MoO3 nanostructures are systematically studied. The recorded XRD spectra confirmed that the good crystalline nature with the orthorhombic crystal structure. The FESEM analysis shows that preparation approaches strongly influenced the MoO3 morphology. The elemental mapping and XPS analysis confirm the formation of MoO3. The obtained optical band gap values show that the MoO3 morphology-based bandgap values are 3.38, 3.17, and 2.94 eV. The modified MoO3/Ni-F electrode electrochemical impedance spectra show the CP-MoO3 has good conductivity. Moreover, the CP-MoO3/Ni-F electrode has a wide detection window, long-term stability, reproducibility, and a low detection limit is 1.2 μM. Hence, the CP-MoO3/Ni-F electrode electrochemical results suggest that the modified electrode has offered a good matrix for toxic contaminants sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Hsing Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, 413310, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yi Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, 413310, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mohd Shkir
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O Box-9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanraj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, 413310, Taiwan.
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18
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Sun X, Huang N. An enhancement on supercapacitor properties of porous CoO nanowire arrays by microwave-assisted regulation of the precursor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:195707. [PMID: 33530071 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach with a follow up thermal treatment was employed to prepare 1D porous CoO nanowires, which is constructed by numerous high crystallinity nanoparticles. A significant change in crystal structure of the precursor were observed, as position shift and absence of some diffraction peaks, which was induced by the microwave-assistance during hydrothermal process. Moreover, the precursor's purity was also effectively improved. As a result, the as-synthesized CoO annealed from the microwave-assisted precursor exhibited a morphology and phase structure significantly different from that of without microwave involvement. Benefiting from the 'microwave effect', the microwave-assisted as-fabricated porous CoO nanowires showed an enhanced specific capacitance (728.8 versus 503.7 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 ), strengthened rate performance (70.0% versus 53.2% maintenance at 15 A g-1), reduced charge transfer resistance (1.06 Ω versus 2.39 Ω), enlarged window voltage (0.85 versus 0.7 V) and enhanced cycle performance (82.3% versus 76.5% retention after 5000 cycles at 15 A g-1), compared with that of sample without microwave assistance. In addition, the corresponding electrochemical properties are also higher than those reported CoO sample prepared by solvothermal method. In conclusion, this work provides a practical way for enhancing electrochemical properties of supercapacitor materials through adjusting the precursor by microwave assistance into hydrothermal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiannian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, People's Republic of China
| | - Naibao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, People's Republic of China
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19
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Angeles AT, Lee J. Carbon-Based Capacitive Deionization Electrodes: Development Techniques and its Influence on Electrode Properties. CHEM REC 2021; 21:820-840. [PMID: 33645913 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a potential technology to provide cost efficient desalinated and/or softened water. Several efforts have been invested in the fabrication of CDI electrodes that not only has outstanding performance but also high chance of large scalability. In this personal account, the different techniques in developing carbon-based materials are presented together with its actual effect on the surface and electrochemical properties of carbon. The categories presented are based on the studies done by the Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory, the Ertl Center, different research groups in South Korea, and selected papers from the past three years. Our perspective about research gaps and prospects are also included with the aim to increase interest for CDI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Therese Angeles
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
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20
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Liu Z, Shang X, Li H, Liu Y. A Brief Review on High-Performance Capacitive Deionization Enabled by Intercalation Electrodes. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000054. [PMID: 33437523 PMCID: PMC7788593 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advantages of cost-effectiveness, environmental-friendliness and high desalination capacity, capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as an advanced desalination technique. Recently, the ions intercalation materials inspired by sodium ion batteries have been widely implemented in CDI due to their exceptional salt removal capacity. They are able to extract sodium ions from the brine through intercalation or redox reactions, instead of electrostatic forces associated with the carbonaceous electrode. As a result, the ions intercalation materials have caught the attention of the CDI research community. In this article, the recent progress in various sodium ion intercalation materials as highly-efficient CDI electrodes is summarized and reviewed. Further, an outlook on the future development of ion intercalation electrodes is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic MaterialsNingxia UniversityYinchuanNingxia750021P. R. China
| | - Xu Shang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic MaterialsNingxia UniversityYinchuanNingxia750021P. R. China
| | - Haibo Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic MaterialsNingxia UniversityYinchuanNingxia750021P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042P. R. China
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21
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Li Q, Zheng Y, Xiao D, Or T, Gao R, Li Z, Feng M, Shui L, Zhou G, Wang X, Chen Z. Faradaic Electrodes Open a New Era for Capacitive Deionization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002213. [PMID: 33240769 PMCID: PMC7675053 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology for effective removal of ionic species from aqueous solutions. Compared to conventional CDI, which is based on carbon electrodes and struggles with high salinity streams due to a limited salt removal capacity by ion electrosorption and excessive co-ion expulsion, the emerging Faradaic electrodes provide unique opportunities to upgrade the CDI performance, i.e., achieving much higher salt removal capacities and energy-efficient desalination for high salinity streams, due to the Faradaic reaction for ion capture. This article presents a comprehensive overview on the current developments of Faradaic electrode materials for CDI. Here, the fundamentals of Faradaic electrode-based CDI are first introduced in detail, including novel CDI cell architectures, key CDI performance metrics, ion capture mechanisms, and the design principles of Faradaic electrode materials. Three main categories of Faradaic electrode materials are summarized and discussed regarding their crystal structure, physicochemical characteristics, and desalination performance. In particular, the ion capture mechanisms in Faradaic electrode materials are highlighted to obtain a better understanding of the CDI process. Moreover, novel tailored applications, including selective ion removal and contaminant removal, are specifically introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and research directions are also outlined to provide guidelines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Dengji Xiao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Tyler Or
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationJilin Normal UniversityChangchun130103P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationJilin Normal UniversityChangchun130103P. R. China
| | - Ming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationJilin Normal UniversityChangchun130103P. R. China
| | - Lingling Shui
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
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22
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Zhang H, Feng Z, Wang L, Li D, Xing P. Bifunctional nanoporous Ni-Zn electrocatalysts with super-aerophobic surface for high-performance hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:365701. [PMID: 32413873 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an effective approach is proposed to replace the oxygen evolution reaction with the substituted anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) to assist in hydrogen generation based on a bifunctional porous Ni-Zn electrocatalyst with nanosheet arrays. The Ni-Zn catalyst exhibits an extraordinary HzOR performance with a high current density of 970 mA cm-2 at 0.7 V, and 93.8% of its initial activity after 5000 s, simultaneously delivering an overpotential of 68 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, the electrolytic cell is constructed employing Ni-Zn catalysts as both the anode and cathode, achieving 100 mA cm-2 at an ultralow cell voltage of 0.497 V with an outstanding stability over 10 h. The superior electrocatalytic performance can be ascribed to its porous structure with large active surface area, high electrical conductivity, and most importantly the super-aerophobic nature of the Ni-Zn surface. This work also provides a novel approach to designing and constructing porous structured non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts with super-aerophobic surface to be used for energy-saving hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhao X, Wei H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Tang N. Electrode materials for capacitive deionization: A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Wang G, Yan T, Zhang J, Shi L, Zhang D. Trace-Fe-Enhanced Capacitive Deionization of Saline Water by Boosting Electron Transfer of Electro-Adsorption Sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8411-8419. [PMID: 32453947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising water purification technology. However, the current ion adsorption capacity of CDI electrode materials is still an issue, which cannot meet the rapid demand of clean water from saline water. Herein, trace-Fe-enhanced removal of ions from saline water via CDI is presented. The ion adsorption capacity of CDI electrodes is up to 36.25 mg g-1 in a 500 mg L-1 NaCl media at 1.2 V together with stable regeneration property. In situ Raman and ex situ XPS measurements unravel the removal mechanism of ions from saline water, and the reinforced adsorption of ions is due to the introduction of trace Fe boosting electron transfer of electro-adsorption sites during the CDI process. This work presents a promising solution to highly efficient capacitive deionization for saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
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