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Bao Y, Tian H, Wang X. Effects of climate change and ozone on vegetation phenology on the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172780. [PMID: 38685428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The vegetation phenology, encompassing the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of the growing season on the Tibetan Plateau, has been significantly impacted by global climate change. Furthermore, ozone (O3) has gradually become the main pollutant in this region, substantially influencing carbon cycle and ecosystems on Earth. While ongoing studies have focused mainly on the implications of climate parameters, including temperature, precipitation, and radiation, the effects of O3 on the SOS and EOS remain unclear. Here, we compared the responses and sensitivities of the SOS and EOS to both climatic factors and O3 in this region. With the use of partial correlation analysis, we found that increased precipitation was the most important factor influencing the SOS and caused earlier occurrence (4.8 % vs. 21.9 %) for most plant functional types. In comparison, temperature only dominated in shrublands. In particular, we found that the EOS responded comparably to climatic factors with similar proportions between advancing and delaying patterns. However, higher O3 levels consistently advanced the EOS for almost all plant functional types and was the main factor controlling EOS variations based on the sensitivity analysis. Our results emphasized that O3 pollution should be considered for obtaining better phenological forecasts and determining the impacts of the environment and atmospheric composition on carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Bao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Haifeng Tian
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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2
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JawaharJothi G, Kovilpillai B, Subramanian A, Mani JR, Kumar S, Kannan B, Mani S. Effect of tropospheric ozone and its protectants on gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes and quality of Garlic (Allium sativum. L). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:991-1004. [PMID: 38528211 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to assess the detrimental effect of ground-level ozone (O3) on garlic physiology and to find out appropriate control measures against ground-level O3, at TNAU-Horticultural Research farm, Udhagamandalam. Elevated ground ozone levels significantly decreased garlic leaf chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total soluble solids and pungency. The garlic chlorophyll content was highest in ambient ozone level and lowest in elevated ozone@200 ppb, highest stomatal conductance was recorded in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 3%Panchagavya, and the lowest was observed in elevated ozone@200 ppb. Since the elevated O3 had reduced in garlic photosynthetic rate significantly the lowest was observed in elevated O3@200 ppb and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed in ambient Ozone with foliar spray 3% of panchagavya after a week. The antioxidant enzymes of garlic were increased with increased concentration of tropospheric ozone. The highest catalase (60.97 µg of H2O2/g of leaf) and peroxidase (9.13 ΔA/min/g of leaf) concentration was observed at 200 ppb elevated ozone level. Garlic pungency content was highest in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 0.1% ascorbic acid and the lowest was observed under elevated O3@200 ppb. Highest total soluble solids were observed in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 3%Panchagavya and the lowest observed in elevated ozone@200 ppb. Thus, tropospheric ozone has a detrimental impact on the physiology of crops, which reduced crop growth and yield. Under elevated O3 levels, ascorbic acid performed well followed by panchagavya and neem oil. The antioxidant such as catalase and peroxidase had positive correlation among themselves and had negative correlation with chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, pungency and TSS. The photosynthetic rate has high positive correlation with chlorophyll content, pungency and TSS. Correlation analysis confirmed the negative effects of tropospheric ozone and garlic gas exchange parameters and clove quality. The ozone protectants will reduce stomatal opening by which the entry of O3 in to the cell will be restricted and other hand they also will alleviate ROS and allied stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri JawaharJothi
- Division of Environment Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boomiraj Kovilpillai
- Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Avudainayagam Subramanian
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaji Kannan
- Department of Physical Science and Information Technology Tamil, Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakaran Mani
- JKK Munirajah College of Agricultural Science, Tamil Nadu, Erode dt, India
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3
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Poorter H, Knopf O, Wright IJ, Temme AA, Hogewoning SW, Graf A, Cernusak LA, Pons TL. A meta-analysis of responses of C 3 plants to atmospheric CO 2 : dose-response curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the whole-plant level. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1560-1596. [PMID: 34657301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generalised dose-response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2 . We carried out a meta-analysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different [CO2 ] under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose-response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200-1200 µmol mol-1 CO2 , some traits more than doubled (e.g. area-based photosynthesis; intrinsic water-use efficiency), whereas others more than halved (area-based transpiration). At current atmospheric [CO2 ], 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200-1200 µmol mol-1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to [CO2 ] against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits (such as reproductive effort) only responded to light, others (such as plant height) only to [CO2 ], and some traits (such as area-based transpiration) responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to [CO2 ] at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose-response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Oliver Knopf
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Andries A Temme
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4879, Australia
| | - Thijs L Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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4
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Arshad A. A growth and biochemistry of ten high yielding genotypes of Pakistani rice (Oryza sativa L.) at maturity under elevated tropospheric ozone. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08198. [PMID: 34729434 PMCID: PMC8545687 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies were conducted to estimate the possible damage caused to ten rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Pakistan by tropospheric ozone. The experimental site is located at 31.4504° N and 73.1350° E, at an altitude of 184 m.a.s level with an average annual rainfall of 784 mm. A suitable and agile method was adopted to assess tolerance and susceptibility in rice genotypes at an early growth stage. Genotype Injury response, growth and biochemical parameters were measured to estimate possible effects of ozone, which was subsequently proclaimed as a criterion for ozone tolerance. Rice genotypes were subjected to ozone concentrations of 70 pbb (Current ambient) and 120 pbb (expected in near future) under a polytunnel. The findings indicated that ozone, an atmospheric pollutant, substantially harmed crop growth and metabolism, as well as inflicted a specific type of foliar injury that caused early leaf senescence. Rice genotype IR-9 followed by Punjab-Basmati and Ksk-434 appeared to be the most susceptible, whereas Basmati-515 followed by Basmati 2000 and super-Basmati were found to be Ozone-tolerant. Plant genotypes grown under elevated ozone showed 13.45% and 11.35% reduction in total root and shoot dry weight, and 25.54% and 6.6% decrease in plant leaf area and plant total length respectively compared to the control group. A significant interaction between treatment × chemical components and growth parameters was also found. The Present study confirms a direct relationship between visual response and growth as well as biochemical parameters. Declared results were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance at confidence level of p < 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Arshad
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 3800, Pakistan
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5
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Shimono H, Farquhar G, Brookhouse M, Busch FA, O Grady A, Tausz M, Pinkard EA. Prescreening in large populations as a tool for identifying elevated CO 2-responsive genotypes in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 46:1-14. [PMID: 30939254 DOI: 10.1071/fp18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) can stimulate the photosynthesis and productivity of C3 species including food and forest crops. Intraspecific variation in responsiveness to e[CO2] can be exploited to increase productivity under e[CO2]. However, active selection of genotypes to increase productivity under e[CO2] is rarely performed across a wide range of germplasm, because of constraints of space and the cost of CO2 fumigation facilities. If we are to capitalise on recent advances in whole genome sequencing, approaches are required to help overcome these issues of space and cost. Here, we discuss the advantage of applying prescreening as a tool in large genome×e[CO2] experiments, where a surrogate for e[CO2] was used to select cultivars for more detailed analysis under e[CO2] conditions. We discuss why phenotypic prescreening in population-wide screening for e[CO2] responsiveness is necessary, what approaches could be used for prescreening for e[CO2] responsiveness, and how the data can be used to improve genetic selection of high-performing cultivars. We do this within the framework of understanding the strengths and limitations of genotype-phenotype mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimono
- Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 2032162, Japan
| | - Graham Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Matthew Brookhouse
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | | | - Michael Tausz
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, 35203, UK
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Harmens H, Hayes F, Sharps K, Mills G, Calatayud V. Leaf traits and photosynthetic responses of Betula pendula saplings to a range of ground-level ozone concentrations at a range of nitrogen loads. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 211:42-52. [PMID: 28152417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition rates have increased strongly since the 1950s. Rising ground-level O3 concentrations and atmospheric N deposition both affect plant physiology and growth, however, impacts have often been studied in isolation rather than in combination. In addition, studies are often limited to a control treatment and one or two elevated levels of ozone and/or nitrogen supply. In the current study, three-year old Betula pendula saplings were exposed to seven different O3 profiles (24h mean O3 concentration of 36-68ppb in 2013, with peaks up to an average of 105ppb) in precision-controlled hemispherical glasshouses (solardomes) and four different N loads (10, 30, 50 or 70kgNha-1y-1) in 2012 and 2013. Here we report on the effects of enhanced O3 concentrations and N load on leaf traits and gas exchange in leaves of varying age and developmental stage in 2013. The response of leaf traits to O3 (but not N) vary with leaf developmental stage. For example, elevated O3 did not affect the chlorophyll content of the youngest fully expanded leaf, but it reduced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters in aging leaves, relatively more so later than earlier in the growing season. Elevated O3 enhanced the N content of senesced leaves prior to leaf fall, potentially affecting subsequent N cycling in the soil. Enhanced N generally stimulated the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity. Whilst elevated O3 reduced the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) in aging leaves, it did not affect stomatal conductance (gs). This suggests that photosynthesis and gs are not closely coupled at elevated O3 under-light saturating conditions. We did not observe any interactions between O3 and N regarding photosynthetic parameters (Vc,max, Jmax, Asat), chlorophyll content, gs, N content in senesced leaves and leaf number. Hence, the sensitivity of these leaf traits to O3 in young silver birch trees is neither reduced nor enhanced by N load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Katrina Sharps
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Gong C, Bai J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Kang T, Wang J, Hu C, Guo H, Chen P, Xie P, Li Y. Carbon Storage Patterns of Caragana korshinskii in Areas of Reduced Environmental Moisture on the Loess Plateau, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28883. [PMID: 27412432 PMCID: PMC4944161 DOI: 10.1038/srep28883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precipitation patterns are influenced by climate change and profoundly alter the carbon sequestration potential of ecosystems. Carbon uptake by shrubbery alone accounts for approximately one-third of the total carbon sink; however, whether such uptake is altered by reduced precipitation is unclear. In this study, five experimental sites characterised by gradual reductions in precipitation from south to north across the Loess Plateau were used to evaluate the Caragana korshinskii’s functional and physiological features, particularly its carbon fixation capacity, as well as the relationships among these features. We found the improved net CO2 assimilation rates and inhibited transpiration at the north leaf were caused by lower canopy stomatal conductance, which enhanced the instantaneous water use efficiency and promoted plant biomass as well as carbon accumulation. Regional-scale precipitation reductions over a certain range triggered a distinct increase in the shrub’s organic carbon storage with an inevitable decrease in the soil’s organic carbon storage. Our results confirm C. korshinskii is the optimal dominant species for the reconstruction of fragile dryland ecosystems. The patterns of organic carbon storage associated with this shrub occurred mostly in the soil at wetter sites, and in the branches and leaves at drier sites across the arid and semi-arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tai Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Congxia Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peilei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Pei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Resco de Dios V, Mereed TE, Ferrio JP, Tissue DT, Voltas J. Intraspecific variation in juvenile tree growth under elevated CO2 alone and with O3: a meta-analysis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:682-693. [PMID: 27083522 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are expected to increase throughout this century, potentially fostering tree growth. A wealth of studies have examined the variation in CO2 responses across tree species, but the extent of intraspecific variation in response to elevated CO2 (eCO2) has, so far, been examined in individual studies and syntheses of published work are currently lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of eCO2 on tree growth (height, stem biomass and stem volume) and photosynthesis across genotypes to examine whether there is genetic variation in growth responses to eCO2 and to understand their dependence on photosynthesis. We additionally examined the interaction between the responses to eCO2 and ozone (O3), another global change agent. Most of the published studies so far have been conducted in juveniles and in Populus spp., although the patterns observed were not species dependent. All but one study reported significant genetic variation in stem biomass, and the magnitude of intraspecific variation in response to eCO2 was similar in magnitude to previous analyses on interspecific variation. Growth at eCO2 was predictable from growth at ambient CO2 (R(2) = 0.60), and relative rankings of genotype performance were preserved across CO2 levels, indicating no significant interaction between genotypic and environmental effects. The growth response to eCO2 was not correlated with the response of photosynthesis (P > 0.1), and while we observed 57.7% average increases in leaf photosynthesis, stem biomass and volume increased by 36 and 38.5%, respectively, and height only increased by 9.5%, suggesting a predominant role for carbon allocation in ultimately driving the response to eCO2 Finally, best-performing genotypes under eCO2 also responded better under eCO2 and elevated O3 Further research needs include widening the study of intraspecific variation beyond the genus Populus and examining the interaction between eCO2 and other environmental stressors. We conclude that significant potential to foster CO2-induced productivity gains through tree breeding exists, that these programs could be based upon best-performing genotypes under ambient conditions and that they would benefit from an increased understanding on the controls of allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, E 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Tessema E Mereed
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, E 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, E 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, E 25198 Lleida, Spain
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9
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Warren JM, Jensen AM, Medlyn BE, Norby RJ, Tissue DT. Carbon dioxide stimulation of photosynthesis in Liquidambar styraciflua is not sustained during a 12-year field experiment. AOB PLANTS 2014; 7:plu074. [PMID: 25406304 PMCID: PMC4294433 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) often increases photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) in field studies of temperate tree species. However, there is evidence that A may decline through time due to biochemical and morphological acclimation, and environmental constraints. Indeed, at the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) study in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, A was increased in 12-year-old sweetgum trees following 2 years of ∼40 % enhancement of CO2. A was re-assessed a decade later to determine if the initial enhancement of photosynthesis by eCO2 was sustained through time. Measurements were conducted at prevailing CO2 and temperature on detached, re-hydrated branches using a portable gas exchange system. Photosynthetic CO2 response curves (A versus the CO2 concentration in the intercellular air space (Ci); or A-Ci curves) were contrasted with earlier measurements using leaf photosynthesis model equations. Relationships between light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax), chlorophyll content and foliar nitrogen (N) were assessed. In 1999, Asat for eCO2 treatments was 15.4 ± 0.8 μmol m(-2) s(-1), 22 % higher than aCO2 treatments (P < 0.01). By 2009, Asat declined to <50 % of 1999 values, and there was no longer a significant effect of eCO2 (Asat = 6.9 or 5.7 ± 0.7 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for eCO2 or aCO2, respectively). In 1999, there was no treatment effect on area-based foliar N; however, by 2008, N content in eCO2 foliage was 17 % less than that in aCO2 foliage. Photosynthetic N-use efficiency (Asat : N) was greater in eCO2 in 1999 resulting in greater Asat despite similar N content, but the enhanced efficiency in eCO2 trees was lost as foliar N declined to sub-optimal levels. There was no treatment difference in the declining linear relationships between Jmax or Vcmax with declining N, or in the ratio of Jmax : Vcmax through time. Results suggest that the initial enhancement of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 will not be sustained through time if N becomes limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Warren
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301, USA
| | - Anna M Jensen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301, USA
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia
| | - Richard J Norby
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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10
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Niu J, Feng Z, Zhang W, Zhao P, Wang X. Non-stomatal limitation to photosynthesis in Cinnamomum camphora seedings exposed to elevated O3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98572. [PMID: 24892748 PMCID: PMC4043779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is the most phytotoxic air pollutant for global forests, with decreased photosynthesis widely regarded as one of its most common effects. However, controversy exists concerning the mechanism that underlies the depressing effects of O3 on CO2 assimilation. In the present study, seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora, a subtropical evergreen tree species that has rarely been studied, were exposed to ambient air (AA), ambient air plus 60 [ppb] O3 (AA+60), or ambient air plus 120 [ppb] O3 (AA+120) in open-top chambers (OTCs) for 2 years. Photosynthetic CO2 exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were investigated in the second growing season (2010). We aim to determine whether stomatal or non-stomatal limitation is responsible for the photosynthesis reduction and to explore the potential implications for forest ecosystem functions. Results indicate that elevated O3 (E-O3) reduced the net photosynthetic rates (PN) by 6.0-32.2%, with significant differences between AA+60 and AA+120 and across the four measurement campaigns (MCs). The actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in saturated light (Fv'/Fm') was also significantly decreased by E-O3, as was the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). Moreover, E-O3 significantly and negatively impacted the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax). Although neither the stomatal conductance (gs) nor the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was decreased by E-O3, PN/gs was significantly reduced. Therefore, the observed reduction in PN in the present study should not be attributed to the unavailability of CO2 due to stomatal limitation, but rather to the O3-induced damage to Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the photochemical apparatus. This suggests that the down-regulation of stomatal conductance could fail to occur, and the biochemical processes in protoplasts would become more susceptible to injuries under long-term O3 exposure, which may have important consequences for forest carbon and water budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Biswas D, Xu H, Li Y, Ma B, Jiang G. Modification of photosynthesis and growth responses to elevated CO₂ by ozone in two cultivars of winter wheat with different years of release. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1485-96. [PMID: 23378379 PMCID: PMC3617821 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of elevated CO2 on plants are expected to be compromised by the negative effects posed by other global changes. However, little is known about ozone (O3)-induced modulation of elevated CO2 response in plants with differential sensitivity to O3. An old (Triticum aestivum cv. Beijing 6, O3 tolerant) and a modern (T. aestivum cv. Zhongmai 9, O3 sensitive) winter wheat cultivar were exposed to elevated CO2 (714 ppm) and/or O3 (72 ppb, for 7h d(-1)) in open-topped chambers for 21 d. Plant responses to treatments were assessed by visible leaf symptoms, simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, in vivo biochemical properties, and growth. It was found that elevated CO2 resulted in higher growth stimulation in the modern cultivar attributed to a higher energy capture and electron transport rate compared with the old cultivar. Exposure to O3 caused a greater growth reduction in the modern cultivar due to higher O3 uptake and a greater loss of photosystem II efficiency (mature leaf) and mesophyll cell activity (young leaf) than in the old cultivar. Elevated CO2 completely protected both cultivars against the deleterious effects of O3 under elevated CO2 and O3. The modern cultivar showed a greater relative loss of elevated CO2-induced growth stimulation due to higher O3 uptake and greater O3-induced photoinhibition than the old cultivar at elevated CO2 and O3. Our findings suggest that the elevated CO2-induced growth stimulation in the modern cultivar attributed to higher energy capture and electron transport rate can be compromised by its higher O3 uptake and greater O3-induced photoinhibition under elevated CO2 and O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Biswas
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - H. Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y.G. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
| | - B.L. Ma
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - G.M. Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai’an, PR China
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Tree and Forest Responses to Interacting Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Tropospheric O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-098349-3.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Elevated carbon dioxide and/or ozone concentrations induce hormonal changes in Pinus tabulaeformis. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:779-84. [PMID: 21611809 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated endogenous plant hormones and needle growth in Pinus tabulaeformis plants grown in open-top chambers and exposed to ambient or elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and/or ozone (O(3)). Exposure to elevated CO(2) for 100 days significantly increased the change in fresh needle weight, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), isopentenyl-adenosine (iPA), and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) content. Abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased, and no effect was observed on zeatin riboside (ZR) content or changes in needle dry weight. The ratios of IAA/ABA and total cytokinins (CKs)/ABA [Formula: see text] were increased. Elevated O(3) significantly decreased IAA and ZR, and decreased the ratios of IAA/ABA and CKs/ABA. Ozone treatment increased ABA content but did not change iPA or DHZR content or change fresh or dry needle weights. The combination treatment significantly increased ABA content and the IAA/ABA ratio but decreased the total CKs/ABA ratio and had no effect on CKs or IAA content or change in fresh and dry needle weights. The results indicate that elevated CO(2) ameliorated the effects of elevated O(3) on tree growth.
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Niu J, Zhang W, Feng Z, Wang X, Tian Y. Impact of elevated O3 on visible foliar symptom, growth and biomass of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings under different nitrogen loads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2873-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Darbah JNT, Jones WS, Burton AJ, Nagy J, Kubiske ME. Acute O3 damage on first year coppice sprouts of aspen and maple sprouts in an open-air experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2436-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lenz KE, Host GE, Roskoski K, Noormets A, Sôber A, Karnosky DF. Analysis of a Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry leaf-level photosynthetic rate model for Populus tremuloides in the context of modeling and measurement limitations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1015-1022. [PMID: 19766365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The balance of mechanistic detail with mathematical simplicity contributes to the broad use of the Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (FvCB) photosynthetic rate model. Here the FvCB model was coupled with a stomatal conductance model to form an [A,g(s)] model, and parameterized for mature Populus tremuloides leaves under varying CO(2) and temperature levels. Data were selected to be within typical forest light, CO(2) and temperature ranges, reducing artifacts associated with data collected at extreme values. The error between model-predicted photosynthetic rate (A) and A data was measured in three ways and found to be up to three times greater for each of two independent data sets than for a base-line evaluation using parameterization data. The evaluation methods used here apply to comparisons of model validation results among data sets varying in number and distribution of data, as well as to performance comparisons of [A,g(s)] models differing in internal-process components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Lenz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Minnesota Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Percy KE, Matyssek R, King JS. Facing the Future: evidence from Joint Aspen FACE, SoyFACE and SFB 607 meeting. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:955-958. [PMID: 20022151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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