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Tamagno WA, Alves C, Pompermaier A, Veneral AL, Duarte Lampugnani JA, Reolon GK, Gil Barcellos LJ. Transfluthrin- and prallethrin-based insecticides elicit specific enzymatic antioxidant responses in different tissue of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121530. [PMID: 37004863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids prallethrin (P-BI) and transfluthrin (T-BI) are among the most commonly used molecules with insecticide action. These molecules comprise different formulations of insecticides largely used in household, agricultural, and animal production fields. However, the increased use of these molecules has led to concerns regarding their safety in animals and humans. Oxidative stress (OS) is believed to be easily established by xenobiotic contacts, such as pyrethroids. We aimed to evaluate and understand the impact of two household insecticides and two doses applied to different tissues of the antioxidant system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We observed that the effect on the antioxidant system differed between tissues. The muscle was the most affected tissue in the body, the antioxidant enzymes were activated, and a mechanism of non-enzymatic antioxidants was activated; however, it could still cause cellular damage. The observed effect on muscle may be related to the progression of neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, in the brain, these compounds can inactivate the first line of enzymatic antioxidant defense, which is compensated for by the second line, avoiding cellular damage. Ultimately, the gill tissue did not appear to suffer lipid damage, but heme group formation was largely affected by the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, ERS 135, km 25, Eng. English, RS, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Carla Alves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, ERS 135, km 25, Eng. English, RS, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - André Luis Veneral
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - João Antônio Duarte Lampugnani
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Kellermann Reolon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, ERS 135, km 25, Eng. English, RS, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
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Metal Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress in Ulva laetevirens in the Venice Lagoon: Early Warning Biomarker for Metal Bioaccumulation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13192626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transitional water systems (TWSs) may be threatened by various metals originating from increased agricultural, industrial activities, or urban effluents. Macroalgae are one of the biological quality elements used to monitor and assess the health status of TWS due to their structural and functional key role in marine ecosystems. Here, metal accumulation from the macroalgae Ulva laetevirens Areschoug (1854) and oxidative stress by lipid peroxidation (LPO) biomarker were investigated during four sampling seasons from three sampling sites (SMM: Santa Maria del Mare; PM: Porto Marghera; SG: San Giuliano) of Venice Lagoon, affected by different anthropogenic stressors. The metal pollution index (MPI) scores for U. laetevirens increased in the order SMM < PM < SG (sea inlet < industrial area < Osellino River estuary), with average values per site of 2.99, 4.37, and 6.33, respectively. The level of LPO was statistically correlated with the concentration of toxic metal(loid)s (As, Pb, Hg) measured in macroalgae, and seasonality affected both levels of LPO and metal bioaccumulation, with peak values during spring and summer. These findings highlighted the efficiency and usefulness of the oxidative stress test (LPO) on the common macroalga U. laetevirens as an early warning signal for health assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
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Harasgama JC, Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Kwon H, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular and functional characterization of a mitochondrial glutathione reductase homolog from redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Disclosing its antioxidant properties in the fish immune response mechanism. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103785. [PMID: 32735957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GSHR) is a biologically important enzyme involved in the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into its reduced form, reduced glutathione (GSH), with the catalytic activity of NADPH. Most animals and aquatic organisms, including fish, possess high levels of this enzyme system to neutralize oxidative stress in cells. The current study was conducted to broaden our knowledge of GSHR in fish by identifying a mitochondrial isoform of this enzyme (LhGSHRm) in redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila, and clarifying its structure and function. The complete open reading frame of LhGSHRm consists of 1527 base pairs, encoding 508 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 55.43 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the conservation of important amino acids in this fish. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the closest evolutionary relationship between LhGSHRm and other fish GSHRm counterparts. In tissue distribution analysis, the highest mRNA expression of LhGSHRm was observed in the gill tissue under normal physiological conditions. Following pathogenic challenges, the LhGSHRm transcription level was upregulated in a time-dependent manner in the gill and liver tissues, which may modulate the immune reaction against pathogens. rLhGSHRm showed considerable glutathione reductase activity in an enzyme assay. Further, the biological activity of rLhGSHRm in balancing cellular oxidative stress was observed in both disk diffusion and DPPH assays. Collectively, these results support that LhGSHRm has profound effects on modulating the immune reaction in fish to sustain precise redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Harasgama
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Alkan Uçkun A, Barım Öz Ö. Acute exposure to the fungicide penconazole affects some biochemical parameters in the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35626-35637. [PMID: 32601870 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Penconazole is one of the most widely used fungicides all over the world, and since it spreads to large environments, its toxic effects on non-target organisms are of great concern. The toxic effects of penconazole on crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), which is a bioindicator in freshwater ecosystems and consumed economically, are not known. Therefore, in this study, the purpose was to contribute to the literature on the potential harmful effects of penconazole on a non-target species, Astacus leptodactylus. For this aim, the acute toxicity (96 h) of penconazole was examined. The 96-h LC50 value of penconazole was detected as 18.7 mg L-1. Four concentrations of penconazole (18.7 mg L-1, 9.35 mg L-1, 4.68 mg L-1, 2.34 mg L-1) were applied to crayfish for 96 h. The results showed that penconazole had destructive effects on esterase mechanisms by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE) activities. Significant increases were observed in all antioxidant parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)) in all doses except the lowest concentration (2.34 mg L-1). All adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities (Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, total ATPase) had significant dose-related inhibition in both gill and muscle tissues. In summary, our findings show that acute penconazole administration to crayfish causes significant toxic effects on esterase, antioxidative parameters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Alkan Uçkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adıyaman University, Altınşehir neighborhood, Ataturk Boulevard, No. 1, Central Campus, 02040, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Özden Barım Öz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Aquaculture, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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Bejaoui S, Michán C, Telahigue K, Nechi S, Cafsi ME, Soudani N, Blasco J, Costa PM, Alhama J. Metal body burden and tissue oxidative status in the bivalve Venerupis decussata from Tunisian coastal lagoons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105000. [PMID: 32662434 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal transitional waters are exposed to many anthropogenic threats. This study aims to assess the trace metals' pollution status of transitional waters by evaluating its biological effects in the clam Venerupis decussata. Among the studied sites along the Tunisian littoral, South Tunis and Boughrara were the most impacted, since clams from these two lagoons presented significant differences in: (i) trace metal contents, (ii) in-cell hydrogen peroxide, (iii) enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses, (iv) damage to lipids and proteins, and (v) protein post-translational modifications. These changes related to evident histopathological traits. PCA showed a clear separation between the digestive gland and gills tissues and illustrated an impact gradient in Tunisian coastal lagoons. Water temperature was revealed as an added natural stressor that, when concurring with high pollution, may jeopardize an ecosystem's health and contribute to the accumulation of hazardous metals in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Bejaoui
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain; Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mhamed El Cafsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Julián Blasco
- Dpt. Ecology and Coastal Management, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Rio San Pedro, E-11510, Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain
| | - Pedro M Costa
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Alhama
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Feng Q, Shao M, Yuan F, Liu F. Polydatin attenuates cadmium-induced oxidative stress via stimulating SOD activity and regulating mitochondrial function in Musca domestica larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126009. [PMID: 32000039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environment contaminant due to the development of electroplating and metallurgical industry. Cd can be enriched by organisms via food chain, causing the enlarged environmental problems and posing threats to the health of humans. Polydatin (PD), a natural stilbenoid compound derived from Polygonum cuspidatum, shows pronouncedly curative effect on oxidative damage. In this work, the protective effects of PD on oxidative damage induced by Cd in Musca domestica (housefly) larvae were evaluated. The larvae were exposed to Cd and/or PD, subsequently, the oxidative stress status, mitochondria activity, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, and survival rate were assessed. Cd exposure generated significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG) in the housefly larvae, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and survival rate decline. Interestingly, pretreatment with PD exhibited obviously mitochondrial protective effects in the Cd-exposed larvae, as evidenced by reduced MDA, ROS and 8-oxoG levels, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondrial electron transfer chain, and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as respiratory control ratio. These results suggested that PD could attenuate Cd-induced damage via maintaining redox balance, stimulating SOD activity, and regulating mitochondria activity in housefly larvae. As a natural polyphenolic chemical, PD can act as a potential candidate compounds to relieve Cd injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhang
- The International Centre for Precision Environmental Health and Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Menghua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fengyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- The International Centre for Precision Environmental Health and Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Telahigue K, Rabeh I, Bejaoui S, Hajji T, Nechi S, Chelbi E, El Cafsi M, Soudani N. Mercury disrupts redox status, up-regulates metallothionein and induces genotoxicity in respiratory tree of sea cucumber ( Holothuria forskali). Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:287-297. [PMID: 30554537 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1524475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is among the most deleterious contaminant in the aquatic environment and presents a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. This study evaluated the effects of Hg on oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA integrity and histological structure of the respiratory tree of Holothuria forskali exposed to different concentrations of mercury chloride HgCl2 (0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mg L-1) for 96 h. Exposure of H. forskali to Hg led to oxidative stress with an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and protein carbonyls (PCO) levels in the treated groups. Alteration of the antioxidant system was also confirmed by the significant increase in glutathione (GSH), nonprotein thiol (NPSH) and vitamin C contents. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Catalase (CAT) increased significantly. Our research revealed that total Metallothionein (MTs) content enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the exposure to this metal provoked a decrease in Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Hg genotoxicity was further evidenced by a random DNA degradation that was observed in the treated groups. The histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical results. Overall, our results indicated that mercury-induced genotoxicity, oxidative damage and histopathological injuries in the respiratory tree of H. forskali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Telahigue
- UR: Physiology and Aquatic Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabeh
- UR: Physiology and Aquatic Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- UR: Physiology and Aquatic Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- BVBGR-LR11ES31, Higher Institute of Biotechnology - Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- UR: Physiology and Aquatic Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- UR: Physiology and Aquatic Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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He J, Bai K, Hong B, Zhang F, Zheng S. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 53:56-62. [PMID: 29035816 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to exert beneficial health effects, including hepatoprotection. However, the effect of DHA alone has not been well studied, and the mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we reported the protective effect of DHA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis. Compared with the control group, the CCl4 group showed hepatic damage as evidenced by histological changes and elevation in serum transaminase activity, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress levels. These pathophysiological changes were attenuated by chronic DHA supplementation. The anti-fibrotic effect of DHA was accompanied by reductions in gene and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen in the liver tissue. DHA also attenuated CCl4-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. The upregulated inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6 by CCl4 were also ameliorated by DHA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ upregulation and type I and II receptors for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (Tβ-RI and Tβ-RII) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β receptor (PDGF-βR) downregulation on both mRNA and protein levels were observed by DHA treatment compared to CCl4 group. Moreover, in vitro study showed that DHA inhibited HSC activation, being associated with elevating PPARγ level and reducing the phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3 and ERKs, which are downstream intermediates of TGFβ and PDGF receptors, respectively. Taken together, the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of DHA appeared to be multifactorial. Further, one of the mechanisms of the anti-fibrotic effect of chronic DHA supplementation is probably through PPARγ signaling to interrupt TGFβ/Smad and PDGF/ERK pathways in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Kaikai Bai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Bihong Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Marques A, Piló D, Araújo O, Pereira F, Guilherme S, Carvalho S, Santos MA, Pacheco M, Pereira P. Propensity to metal accumulation and oxidative stress responses of two benthic species (Cerastoderma edule and Nephtys hombergii): are tolerance processes limiting their responsiveness? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:664-676. [PMID: 26911481 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The chronic exposure of benthic organisms to metals in sediments can lead to the development of tolerance mechanisms, thus diminishing their responsiveness. This study aims to evaluate the accumulation profiles of V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Cd, Pb and Hg and antioxidant system responses of two benthic organisms (Cerastoderma edule, Bivalvia; Nephtys hombergii, Polychaeta). This approach will provide clarifications about the ability of each species to signalise metal contamination. Organisms of both species were collected at the Tagus estuary, in two sites with distinct contamination degrees (ALC, slightly contaminated; BAR, highly contaminated). Accordingly, C. edule accumulated higher concentrations of As, Pb and Hg at BAR compared to ALC. However, antioxidant responses of C. edule were almost unaltered at BAR and no peroxidative damage occurred, suggesting adjustment mechanisms to the presence of metals. In contrast, N. hombergii showed a minor propensity to metal accumulation, only signalising spatial differences for As and Pb and accumulating lower concentrations of metals than C. edule. The differences in metal accumulation observed between species might be due to their distinctive foraging behaviour and/or the ability of N. hombergii to minimise the metal uptake. Despite that, the accumulation of As and Pb was on the basis of the polychaete antioxidant defences inhibition at BAR, including CAT, SOD, GR and GPx. The integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2) confirmed that N. hombergii was more affected by metal exposure than C. edule. In the light of current findings, in field-based studies, the information of C. edule as a bioindicator should be complemented by that provided by another benthic species, since tolerance mechanisms to metals can hinder a correct diagnosis of sediment contamination and of the system's health. Overall, the present study contributed to improve the lack of fundamental knowledge of two widespread and common estuarine species, providing insights of the metal accumulation profiles under a scenario of chronic contamination. Finally, this work provided useful information that can be applied in the interpretation of future environmental monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marques
- CESAM - Center for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - David Piló
- IPMA - The Portuguese Sea and Atmosphere Institute, Avenida 5 de Outubro, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Avenida República Saharaui S/N Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Olinda Araújo
- IPMA - The Portuguese Sea and Atmosphere Institute, Avenida Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Pereira
- IPMA - The Portuguese Sea and Atmosphere Institute, Avenida 5 de Outubro, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- CESAM - Center for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Carvalho
- IPMA - The Portuguese Sea and Atmosphere Institute, Avenida 5 de Outubro, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Ana Santos
- CESAM - Center for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM - Center for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM - Center for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Cardoso PG, Grilo TF, Reis AT, Coelho JP, Pereira E, Pardal MA. Field transplantation of the bivalve Scrobicularia plana along a mercury gradient in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal): uptake and depuration kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:55-61. [PMID: 25613770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation and depuration capabilities of mercury by the edible bivalve Scrobicularia plana was studied in a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) through a transplantation experiment. Little information on this topic is available in the literature, especially concerning different tissues' responses to contaminant exposure, but the present study is one of the few works that can surpass this knowledge gap. Organisms from a reference area were transplanted to two different contaminated areas in the Ria de Aveiro. In both areas, the bivalves (i.e., entire organism, digestive gland and the rest of the organism) presented a similar saturation model of mercury accumulation, the digestive gland being the tissue that reached the highest concentrations after 25 days of exposure to the contaminant. During this short uptake period, the transplanted organisms reached 20-30% of the concentrations observed in resident contaminated organisms. After the exposure period, the organisms were transplanted to a clean area for more than 25 days of depuration. At the end of the transplantation period, organisms lost approximately 50% of their mercury body burden (60%: the entire organism and digestive gland; 35%: gills and 40%: the rest of the organism) and the ones from the least contaminated site almost reached the concentrations recorded in the reference area. So, the results suggest that S. plana is a promising biomonitoring species, since it accumulates the contaminant in a considerable extent quite rapidly and at the same time it has a low metal retention capacity (low biological half-life) when exposed to clean sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Cardoso
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - T F Grilo
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A T Reis
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J P Coelho
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Pardal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal
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Anjum NA, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I. Juncus maritimus root biochemical assessment for its mercury stabilization potential in Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2231-2238. [PMID: 25175353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Major endogenous biochemical properties can make plants ideal agents for metal/metalloid-contaminated site cleanup. This study investigates the biochemistry of Juncus maritimus (Lam) roots for its high mercury (Hg) stabilization potential in the sediments of the Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal), which received Hg-rich effluents from a chlor-alkali industry between 1950 and 1994. J. maritimus plants were collected at a reference (R) site and three sites with the highest (L1), moderate (L2), and the lowest (L3) Hg contamination levels. The highest Hg-harboring/stabilizing J. maritimus roots at L1, exhibited significantly elevated damage endpoints (H2O2; lipid peroxidation, LPO; electrolyte leakage, EL; protein oxidation, PO; proline) which were accompanied by differential changes in H2O2-metabolizing defense system components (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase), glutathione reductase and the contents of both reduced and oxidized glutathione. Trends in measured endpoints reached maximum levels at L1 followed by L2 and L3. Cross-talks on root-Hg status and the studied biochemical traits revealed (a) high Hg-accrued elevations in oxidative stress as an obvious response; (b) Hg-stabilization potential of J. maritimus roots as a result of a successful mitigation of elevated high Hg-induced H2O2, and its anomalies such as LPO, EL, and PO; and (c) the induction of and a fine synchronization between non-glutathione and glutathione-based systems. Overall, the study unveiled biochemical mechanisms underlying root tolerance to Hg burden-accrued anomalies which, in turn, helped J. maritimus during Hg-stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Anjum
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Trevisan R, Flesch S, Mattos JJ, Milani MR, Bainy ACD, Dafre AL. Zinc causes acute impairment of glutathione metabolism followed by coordinated antioxidant defenses amplification in gills of brown mussels Perna perna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 159:22-30. [PMID: 24095941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Zinc demonstrates protective and antioxidant properties at physiological levels, although these characteristics are not attributed at moderate or high concentrations. Zinc toxicity has been related to a number of factors, including interference with antioxidant defenses. In particular, the inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) has been suggested as a possible mechanism for acute zinc toxicity in bivalves. The present work investigates the biochemical effects of a non-lethal zinc concentration on antioxidant-related parameters in gills of brown mussels Perna perna exposed for 21 days to 2.6 μM zinc chloride. After 2 days of exposure, zinc caused impairment of the antioxidant system, decreasing GR activity and glutathione levels. An increase in antioxidant defenses became evident at 7 and 21 days of exposure, as an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity along with restoration of glutathione levels and GR activity. After 7 and 21 days, an increase in cellular peroxides and lipid peroxidation end products were also detected, which are indicative of oxidative damage. Changes in GR activity contrasts with protein immunoblotting data, suggesting that zinc produces a long lasting inhibition of GR. Contrary to the general trend in antioxidants, levels of peroxiredoxin 6 decreased after 21 days of exposure. The data presented here support the hypothesis that zinc can impair thiol homeostasis, causes an increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibits GR, imposing a pro-oxidant status, which seems to trigger homeostatic mechanisms leading to a subsequent increase on antioxidant-related defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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13
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Ahmad I, Mohmood I, Pacheco M, Santos MA, Duarte AC, Pereira E. Mercury's mitochondrial targeting with increasing age in Scrobicularia plana inhabiting a contaminated lagoon: damage-protection dichotomy and organ specificities. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:1231-1237. [PMID: 23711411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand bivalves' (Scrobicularia plana) adaptive strategies, with emphasis on mitochondria as a target organelle, in response to mercury-contaminated environment. Inter-age and organ-specific approaches were applied using different annual size classes (2(+), 3(+), 4(+) and 5(+) years old) and assessing specific organs (gill, digestive gland), respectively. Bivalves were collected from moderately (M) and highly (H) contaminated sites at Laranjo basin - Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), where a mercury gradient was identified, and compared with those from a reference (R) site. Total antioxidants capacity (TAC) was measured in mitochondria, whereas the lipid peroxidation was assessed as a marker of damage. S. plana age determined the clams' vulnerability towards mercury induced mitochondrial peroxidative damage depending upon the mercury accumulation: younger animals were more vulnerable than older. Clams showed a decreasing trend of TAC with increasing age. This decrease was found to be statistically significant in 4(+) and 5(+) years at M; whereas, at H, with depleted TAC, remained same until they have grown 5(+) years. The organ specificity was evident for antioxidant response and peroxidative damage. A clear pattern of overall TAC increase in digestive gland (at M) and decrease in gill (at H) was observed, while only gills were found to be susceptible to peroxidative damage. Overall, mitochondria proved to be a sensitive fraction for the effects of mercury in S. plana inhabiting mercury contaminated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Srikanth K, Pereira E, Duarte AC, Ahmad I. Glutathione and its dependent enzymes' modulatory responses to toxic metals and metalloids in fish--a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2133-2149. [PMID: 23334549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metals and metalloid are being rapidly added from multiple pathways to aquatic ecosystem and causing severe threats to inhabiting fauna including fish. Being common in all the type of aquatic ecosystems such as freshwater, marine and brackish water fish are the first to get prone to toxic metals and metalloids. In addition to a number of physiological/biochemical alterations, toxic metals and metalloids cause enhanced generation of varied reactive oxygen species (ROS) ultimately leading to a situation called oxidative stress. However, as an important component of antioxidant defence system in fish, the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) directly or indirectly regulates the scavenging of ROS and their reaction products. Additionally, several other GSH-associated enzymes such as GSH reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), and GSH sulfotransferase (glutathione-S-transferase (GST), EC 2.5.1.18) cumulatively protect fish against ROS and their reaction products accrued anomalies under toxic metals and metalloids stress conditions. The current review highlights recent research findings on the modulation of GSH, its redox couple (reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione), and other GSH-related enzymes (GR, glutathione peroxidase, GST) involved in the detoxification of harmful ROS and their reaction products in toxic metals and metalloids-exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ahmad I, Singh MK, Pereira ML, Pacheco M, Santos MA, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Grácio J. Morphological, compositional and ultrastructural changes in the Scrobicularia plana shell in response to environmental mercury--an indelible fingerprint of metal exposure? CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2697-2704. [PMID: 23273325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess morphological, structural and compositional alterations in Scrobicularia plana nacre environmentally exposed to mercury in order to seek out the possibility of the assessed alterations as a monitoring tool to handle complexity and interactions of metals in the environment involving a non-invasive methodology. Bivalves were collected from a mercury contaminated site (Laranjo basin - Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) and a reference site in the same aquatic system. The combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique depicted a sheet like morphology of bivalve nacre collected from the reference site. Moreover, EDS plot exhibited the presence of potassium, oxygen, calcium, and carbon elements. Shells collected from the contaminated area depicted lamellar patches like structures with particle like morphology composition. SEM images corresponding to the elemental analysis by EDS plot clearly denoted the presence of mercury. SEM images from the other locations of the contaminated shells depicted large surface area, a broken or ruptured symmetry of organic matrix as well as crack-like gaps. The influence of environmental mercury affecting the surface morphology of S. plana nacre showed dimple like morphology (as proved by transmission electron microscopy, TEM). The possible explanation may be the replacement of calcium elements with other elements or alloys from the nacre composite collected from contaminated region. Therefore, the nacre fingerprint may be useful as innovative knowledge and applicable tool aiming at risk reduction from noxious mercury present in the environment. Overall results suggested the use of shell as an indelible fingerprint of metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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