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Barboza LGA, Otero XL, Fernández EV, Vieira LR, Fernandes JO, Cunha SC, Guilhermino L. Are microplastics contributing to pollution-induced neurotoxicity? A pilot study with wild fish in a real scenario. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13070. [PMID: 36711285 PMCID: PMC9880392 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution-induced neurotoxicity is of high concern. This pilot study investigated the potential relationship between the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the brain of 180 wild fish (Dicentrarchus labrax, Platichthys flesus, Mugil cephalus) from a contaminated estuary and the activity of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. MPs were found in 9 samples (5% of the total), all of them from D. labrax collected in the summer, which represents 45% of the samples of this species collected in that season (20). Seventeen MPs were recovered from brain samples, with sizes ranging from 8 to 96 μm. Polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid and one biopolymer (zein) were identified by Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Fish with MPs showed lower (p ≤ 0.05) AChE activity than those where MPs were not found. These findings point to the contribution of MPs to the neurotoxicity induced by long-term exposure to pollution, stressing the need of further studies on the topic to increase 'One Health' protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Gabriel A. Barboza
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal,ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal,Corresponding author. CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Xosé L. Otero
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry - Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain,REBUSC, Network of Biological stations of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Marine Biology Station A Graña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Ezequiel V. Fernández
- RIAIDT, The Network of Infrastructures to Support Research and Technological Development of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Edificio Cactus, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Luís R. Vieira
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal,ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O. Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal,ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Varea R, Piovano S, Ferreira M. Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island Countries and Territories - A systematic review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111264. [PMID: 32510405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) are heavily dependent on the marine resources for food security, employment, government revenue and economic development, hence the concern about the potential exposure of these resources to pollutants. The main goal of this review was to identify ecotoxicology studies published that were done in PICTs. Four major gaps were identified: i) a quantitative gap, with low number of studies published on the PICTs; ii) a geographic gap, where ecotoxicology studies have unevenly covered the different PICTs; iii) a temporal gap, as no biological effect monitoring study has so far been published for the PICTs; and, iv) a pollutants gap, as all of the PICTs studies focused mainly on environmental monitoring studying on average two types of pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) per PICT only. We suggest, therefore, the potential risk to the marine environment to be estimated by assessing the fate of pollutants via chemical and biological effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino Varea
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Marta Ferreira
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Chen H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Tian F, Tang Z, Cai W, Jia X. Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate on gills- and liver-specific EROD activities and CYP1A levels in juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 232:108757. [PMID: 32229182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate, one of the most easily detected pollutants of phthalate esters in the environment, has been added to the priority list of hazardous substances by many countries. As one of low molecular weight phthalates, Di-n-butyl phthalate may have a great adverse potency on various aquatic organisms. In this study, the juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, was exposed to the concentrations of Di-n-butyl phthalate (20 μg L-1, 100 μg L-1 and 500 μg L-1) for 15 days. EROD activities and CYP1A levels were measured in liver and gill tissues. In gills, the similar effect has been found to inhibit or induce EROD activities and CYP1A levels, and there existed a good correlation between them. Whereas in the case of the liver, a moderate correlation was observed between EROD activities and CYP1A levels, which was mainly due to the inhibited EROD activities and the CYP1A levels with no significant difference by day 15. In conclusion, this study revealed the similar and different effects of cytochrome P450 enzymes on fish in the time-, concentration-, and tissue-dependent Di-n-butyl phthalate exposure. Furthermore, as the adverse effects indicated between CYP1A levels and EROD activities, metabolic mechanisms of phthalates in different tissues should be highly emphasized in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Chen
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Linbao Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Fei Tian
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhenzhao Tang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Wengui Cai
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiaoping Jia
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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Farabegoli F, Pirini M, Rotolo M, Silvi M, Testi S, Ghidini S, Zanardi E, Remondini D, Bonaldo A, Parma L, Badiani A. Toward the Authentication of European Sea Bass Origin through a Combination of Biometric Measurements and Multiple Analytical Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6822-6831. [PMID: 29883538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The authenticity of fish products has become an imperative issue for authorities involved in the protection of consumers against fraudulent practices and market stabilization. The present study aimed to provide a method for authentication of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) according to the requirements for seafood labels (Regulation 1379/2013/EU). Data on biometric traits, fatty acid profile, elemental composition, and isotopic abundance of wild and reared (intensively, semi-intensively, and extensively) specimens from 18 southern European sources ( n = 160) were collected, clustered in six sets of parameters, and then subjected to multivariate analysis. Correct allocations of subjects according to their production method, origin, and stocking density were demonstrated with good approximation rates (94, 92, and 92%, respectively) using fatty acid profiles. Less satisfying results were obtained using isotopic abundance, biometric traits, and elemental composition. The multivariate analysis also revealed that extensively reared subjects cannot be analytically discriminated from wild subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Farabegoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Maurizio Pirini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Magda Rotolo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Marina Silvi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Testi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food Science , University of Parma , Via del Taglio 10 , 43126 Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food Science , University of Parma , Via del Taglio 10 , 43126 Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA) , University of Bologna , Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 , 40127 Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Alessio Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luca Parma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Anna Badiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET) , University of Bologna , Via Tolara di Sopra 50 , 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia , Bologna , Italy
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Le Croizier G, Lacroix C, Artigaud S, Le Floch S, Raffray J, Penicaud V, Coquillé V, Autier J, Rouget ML, Le Bayon N, Laë R, Tito De Morais L. Significance of metallothioneins in differential cadmium accumulation kinetics between two marine fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:462-476. [PMID: 29414371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Impacted marine environments lead to metal accumulation in edible marine fish, ultimately impairing human health. Nevertheless, metal accumulation is highly variable among marine fish species. In addition to ecological features, differences in bioaccumulation can be attributed to species-related physiological processes, which were investigated in two marine fish present in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), where natural and anthropogenic metal exposure occurs. The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis were exposed for two months to two environmentally realistic dietary cadmium (Cd) doses before a depuration period. Organotropism (i.e., Cd repartition between organs) was studied in two storage compartments (the liver and muscle) and in an excretion vector (bile). To better understand the importance of physiological factors, the significance of hepatic metallothionein (MT) concentrations in accumulation and elimination kinetics in the two species was explored. Accumulation was faster in the sea bass muscle and liver, as inferred by earlier Cd increase and a higher accumulation rate. The elimination efficiency was also higher in the sea bass liver compared to sole, as highlighted by greater biliary excretion. In the liver, no induction of MT synthesis was attributed to metal exposure, challenging the relevance of using MT concentration as a biomarker of metal contamination. However, the basal MT pools were always greater in the liver of sea bass than in sole. This species-specific characteristic might have enhanced Cd biliary elimination and relocation to other organs such as muscle through the formation of more Cd/MT complexes. Thus, MT basal concentrations seem to play a key role in the variability observed in terms of metal concentrations in marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Le Croizier
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Artigaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean Raffray
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Virginie Penicaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Valérie Coquillé
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Julien Autier
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Marie-Laure Rouget
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS UMS 3113, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire PFOM/ARN, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Raymond Laë
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Luis Tito De Morais
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Duarte IA, Reis-Santos P, França S, Cabral H, Fonseca VF. Biomarker responses to environmental contamination in estuaries: A comparative multi-taxa approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:31-41. [PMID: 28578214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems subjected to numerous anthropogenic pressures with consequent environmental quality degradation. In this study, multiple biomarker responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage (DNAd)] were determined in two fish (Dicentrarchus labrax and Pomatoschistus microps) and four macroinvertebrate species (Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Hediste diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana) from the Ria de Aveiro and Tejo estuaries over distinct months. Two sites per estuarine system were selected based on anthropogenic pressures and magnitude of environmental contamination. Antioxidant enzyme activities in fish species suggested a ubiquitous response to oxidative stress, while biotransformation and effect biomarkers exhibited higher spatial and temporal variation. In invertebrate species, biotransformation enzyme activity was clearly less variable than in fish evidencing lower xenobiotic transformation capability. Overall, largest biomarker responses were found in the most contaminated sites (Tejo), yet species-specific patterns were evident. These should be factored in multi-taxa approaches, considering that the differential functional traits of species, such as habitat use, life-stage, feeding or physiology can influence exposure routes and biomarker responses. The Integrated Biomarker Response index highlighted patterns in biomarker responses which were not immediately evident when analyzing biomarkers individually. Overall, results provided insights into the complexity of species responses to contamination in naturally varying estuarine environments. Ultimately, multi-taxa and multi-biomarker approaches provide a comprehensive and complementary view of ecosystem health, encompassing diverse forms of biological integration and exposure routes, and allow the validation of results among markers and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Susana França
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique Cabral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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El-Saad AMA, Kheirallah DA, El-Samad LM. Biochemical and histological biomarkers in the midgut of Apis mellifera from polluted environment at Beheira Governorate, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3181-3193. [PMID: 27864738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of organophosphorus (OP) pollutants on oxidative stress and ultrastructural biomarkers in the midgut of the honeybee Apis mellifera collected from three locations that differ in their extent of spraying load with OP insecticides: a weakly anthropised rural site, Bolin which is considered as a reference site; moderately spraying site, El Kaza; and a strongly anthropised urban site, Tiba with a long history of pesticide use. Results showed that high concentrations of chlorpyrifos, malathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and pirimiphos-methyl were detected in midgut at locations with extensive pesticide spraying. Reduced glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase displayed lowest activities in the heavily sprayed location (Tiba). Lipid peroxidation level in the midgut of honeybees in the sprayed locations was found to be significantly higher compared to the reference values. Meanwhile, various ultrastructural abnormalities were observed in the epithelial cells of midgut of honeybees collected from El Kaza and Tiba, included confluent and disorganized microvilli and destruction of their brush border, the cytoplasm with large vacuoles and alteration of cytoplasmic organelles including the presence of swollen mitochondria with lysis of matrices, disruption of limiting membranes, and disintegration of cristae. The nuclei with indented nuclear envelope and disorganized chromatin were observed. These investigated biomarkers indicated that the surveyed honeybees are being under stressful environmental conditions. So, we suggest using those biomarkers in the assessment of environmental quality using honeybees in future monitoring of ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Saad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dammam University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dalia A Kheirallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
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8
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Huang GY, Liu YS, Liang YQ, Shi WJ, Hu LX, Tian F, Chen J, Ying GG. Multi-biomarker responses as indication of contaminant effects in Gambusia affinis from impacted rivers by municipal effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:273-281. [PMID: 27135591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated toxic effects in mosquitofish from two urban rivers of South China impacted by municipal effluents by using multiple biomarkers including fish morphology, biochemical indicators and transcriptional responses, and explored potential cause-effect relationship with a list of chemicals (metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides). The results showed significant alterations in metallothionein (MT) protein and mRNA expression in mosquitofish collected from the two rivers and a strong association between MT protein and mRNA expression levels and heavy metals in the river water. Both ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and cytochromes P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA expression were significantly enhanced in mosquitofish at most sampling sites. There existed a strong correlation between EROD activity and CYP1A mRNA expression levels, but no clear correlations between these responses and PAHs in the river water possibly because of the presence of many other agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the two rivers. Significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was observed in mosquitofish brain samples. The pesticides in the two rivers showed an influence on the AChE activity, which was also found to be significantly negatively correlated to fipronil concentrations. Moreover, the result also indicates that metals and pesticides present in the two rivers might cause the observed estrogenic and androgenic effects in mosquitofish. The findings from this study clearly showed morphological, biochemical and transcriptional responses in mosquitofish due to chemical contamination of the two urban rivers. This multi-biomarker approach using mosquitofish can be applied to evaluate contamination of riverine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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9
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Ribalta C, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Sole M. Hepatic biotransformation and antioxidant enzyme activities in Mediterranean fish from different habitat depths. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:176-183. [PMID: 26070027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine fish are threatened by anthropogenic chemical discharges. However, knowledge on adverse effects on deep-sea fish or their detoxification capabilities is limited. Herein, we compared the basal activities of selected hepatic detoxification enzymes in several species (Solea solea, Dicentrarchus labrax, Trachyrhynchus scabrus, Mora moro, Cataetix laticeps and Alepocehalus rostratus) collected from the coast, middle and lower slopes of the Blanes Canyon region (Catalan continental margin, NW Mediterranean Sea). The xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes analysed were the phase-I carboxylesterases (CbEs), and the phase-II conjugation activities uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Moreover, some antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR), were also included in this comparative study. Because CbE activity is represented by multiple isoforms, the substrates α-naphthyl acetate (αNA) and ρ-nitrophenyl acetate (ρNPA) were used in the enzyme assays, and in vitro inhibition kinetics with dichlorvos were performed to compare interspecific CbE sensitivity. Activity of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes varied among the species, following a trend with habitat depth and body size. Thus, UDPGT and some antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in fish inhabiting lower slopes of deep-sea, whereas UDPGT and αNA-CbE activities were negatively related to fish size. A trend between CbE activities and the IC50 values for dichlorvos suggested S. solea and M. moro as potentially more sensitive to anticholinesterasic pesticides, and T. scabrus as the most resistant one. A principal component analysis considering all enzyme activities clearly identified the species but this grouping was not related to habitat depth or phylogeny. Although these results can be taken as baseline levels of the main xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in Mediterranean fish, further research is needed to evaluate their response to environmental contaminant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ribalta
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Ecotoxicology Lab., Fac. Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - M Sole
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Bebianno MJ, Pereira CG, Rey F, Cravo A, Duarte D, D'Errico G, Regoli F. Integrated approach to assess ecosystem health in harbor areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 514:92-107. [PMID: 25659308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Harbors are critical environments with strategic economic importance but with potential environmental impact: health assessment criteria are a key issue. An ecosystem health status approach was carried out in Portimão harbor as a case-study. Priority and specific chemical levels in sediments along with their bioavailability in mussels, bioassays and a wide array of biomarkers were integrated in a biomarker index (IBR index) and the overall data in a weight of evidence (WOE) model. Metals, PAHs, PCBs and HCB were not particularly high compared with sediment guidelines and standards for dredging. Bioavailability was evident for Cd, Cu and Zn. Biomarkers proved more sensitive namely changes of antioxidant responses, metallothioneins and vittellogenin-like proteins. IBR index indicated that site 4 was the most impacted area. Assessment of the health status by WOE approach highlighted the importance of integrating sediment chemistry, bioaccumulation, biomarkers and bioassays and revealed that despite some disturbance in the harbor area, there was also an impact of urban effluents from upstream. CAPSULE ABSTRACT Environmental quality assessment in harbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bebianno
- CIMA, University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - C G Pereira
- CIMA, University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - F Rey
- CIMA, University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - A Cravo
- CIMA, University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - D Duarte
- CIMA, University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - G D'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Barhoumi B, Clérandeau C, Gourves PY, Le Menach K, El Megdiche Y, Peluhet L, Budzinski H, Baudrimont M, Driss MR, Cachot J. Pollution biomonitoring in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia), using combined chemical and biomarker analyses in grass goby, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Teleostei, Gobiidae). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:184-195. [PMID: 25106667 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biological responses and contaminant levels in biological tissues were investigated in grass goby fish specimens (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus) collected from five stations in a moderately polluted ecosystem, namely the Bizerte lagoon on the north coast of Tunisia. The following biomarkers were measured: muscular acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), lipoperoxidation (TBARS), condition factor (CF), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). These measurements were taken in parallel with the content of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Ag, Cd, Co and Ni) in muscle tissue. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 20.09 ± 0.68 to 105.77 ± 42.58 ng g(-1) dw, PCB from 33.19 ± 6.25 to 126.28 ± 7.37 ng g(-1) dw, OCP from 11.26 ± 1.62 to 19.17 ± 2.06 ng g(-1) dw, and metals from 107.83 ± 1.83 to 187.21 ± 2.00 mg/kg dw. The highest levels of pollutants and biomarkers were observed at station S1, located in the Bizerte channel. Elevated EROD, GST and CAT activities, as well as TBARS levels in liver were positively correlated with tissue contaminant levels at station S1. Significant negative correlations were also found between hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) body burden with AChE activity in muscle at station S2. The integration of biological responses and contaminant tissue content indicated that certain areas of the Bizerte lagoon, notably station S1, are significantly impacted by various human activities, which likely represent a threat for aquatic wildlife. On the basis of these results, and due to its ecological characteristics, the grass goby appears a suitable indicator species for pollution biomonitoring in coastal marine areas along the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (05/UR/12-03), University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Yassine El Megdiche
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (05/UR/12-03), University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Laurent Peluhet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (05/UR/12-03), University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
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12
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Fonseca VF, Vasconcelos RP, França S, Serafim A, Lopes B, Company R, Bebianno MJ, Costa MJ, Cabral HN. Modeling fish biological responses to contaminants and natural variability in estuaries. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 96:45-55. [PMID: 24239066 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that influence biological responses to contaminants has long been a major goal in marine environmental research. Seven estuarine sites along the Portuguese coast were sampled over a year, and different biological responses of Pomatoschistus microps and Atherina presbyter were determined: superoxide dismutase, catalase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, metallothioneins, lipid peroxidation, RNA:DNA ratio and condition factor K. Generalized linear models (GLM) were developed for each biological variable per species in relation to sediment chemical characterization (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration) and environmental conditions (month, site, water temperature, salinity, depth and mud percentage in the sediment). GLM varied in explanatory power and in the set of predictor variables included in the models. Environmental factors were frequently selected as predictor variables. Individual metals concentration and sediment quality guidelines (integrating all metals) were the major contaminants explaining biological variability. Accordingly, models for metallothioneins and lipid peroxidation had highest explanatory power. Species-specific responses and dataset size were the basis of observed differences between GLM for the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Fonseca
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - R P Vasconcelos
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S França
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Serafim
- CIMA, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - B Lopes
- CIMA, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - R Company
- CIMA, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M J Costa
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H N Cabral
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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13
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Fernandes D, Pujol S, Pérez-Albaladejo E, Tauler R, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Characterization of the environmental quality of sediments from two estuarine systems based on different in-vitro bioassays. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 96:127-135. [PMID: 24140013 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes the environmental quality of sediments from the Arade and Guadiana estuaries using different in-vitro bioassays: a) fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1) to determine cytotoxicity and presence of CYP1A and oxidative stress inducing agents; b) gonad subcellular fractions from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to detect compounds that are likely to act as endocrine disrupters by interfering with the synthesis of androgens (CYP17, CYP11β) and estrogens (CYP19). Approximately 60% of extracts from the Arade estuary were cytotoxic when tested at 60 mg eQsed/mL, while only one sample from Guadiana showed cytotoxicity. Sediments from Arade collected close to harbours and waste water effluents were enriched with CYP1A inducing agents, while those from the upper Guadiana induced oxidative stress in PLHC-1 cells. On the other hand, several extracts from both estuaries were able to significantly inhibit CYP17, CYP11β and CYP19 activities in gonad subcellular fractions of sea bass, which indicates the presence of endocrine disrupters, particularly in several sites from the Arade estuary. Overall, the study highlights the usefulness of in-vitro bioassays to identify those sediments that could pose risk to aquatic organisms and that require further action to improve their environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- FCT, CIMA, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Silvia Pujol
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Romà Tauler
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- FCT, CIMA, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cinta Porte
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Ferreira M, Santos P, Rey-Salgueiro L, Zaja R, Reis-Henriques MA, Smital T. The first demonstration of CYP1A and the ABC protein(s) gene expression and activity in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) primary hepatocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 100:152-159. [PMID: 24342362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary hepatocytes are a model for studying various effects of different xenobiotics, including detoxification strategies. In this study we have isolated and cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) primary hepatocytes and assessed gene transcription and activity of CYP1A (phase I of cellular detoxification) and ABCC1 and ABCC2 (phase III) transport proteins after exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). A dose dependent increase in Abcc2 and Cyp1a mRNA transcripts was observed in seabass primary hepatocytes upon exposure to BaP. The activity of ABC proteins, as key mediators of the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR), was further confirmed by assessing the accumulation of the model fluorescence substrate rhodamine 123 in the absence and presence of model inhibitors. A weak interaction between BaP and ABC proteins was observed. CYP1A dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deeethylase (EROD) activity was significantly induced by the presence of BaP. After the 24h exposure period only 10% of the initial BaP was present in the incubation medium, clearly demonstrating biotransformation potential of primary seabass hepatocytes. Furthermore, the presence of the 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, a BaP metabolite, in the medium implies its active efflux. In conclusion, we showed that seabass primary hepatocytes do express important elements of the cellular detoxification machinery and may be a useful in vitro model for studying basic cellular detoxification mechanisms and their interaction with environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS/UP - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ledicia Rey-Salgueiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Roko Zaja
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Armanda Reis-Henriques
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Rodrigues AP, Lehtonen KK, Guilhermino L, Guimarães L. Exposure of Carcinus maenas to waterborne fluoranthene: accumulation and multibiomarker responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 443:454-463. [PMID: 23220135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluoranthene (FLU) is a priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) commonly detected in estuarine sediments, water and biota. Despite this, information on FLU detection, accumulation and effects on marine crustaceans is scarce. This work investigated the accumulation of FLU in Carcinus maenas and the responses of several early-warning biomarkers after a 7-day laboratory exposure to five FLU concentrations (2.56 to 100 μg L(-1)). After exposure to FLU, sub-samples of the crabs' digestive gland and muscle were collected for biomarker determinations. The remaining digestive gland and muscle, together with the rest of the whole-body soft tissues, were analysed for FLU residues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The biomarkers assessed were: i) the quantification of FLU-type compounds by fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF); ii) the activities of glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of total glutathione (GT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) for oxidative stress; iii) the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for neurotoxicity; iv) the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, and total protein, glycogen and lipids as indicators of changes in energy metabolism and storage; and v) the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) as a measure of cell damage. The results showed strong (R(2)>0.95) concentration-dependent accumulation of FLU residues (as measured by GC-MS) in the remaining whole-body soft tissues and of FLU-type compounds (as measured by FF) in the digestive gland and muscle. A strong positive linear relationship (R(2)=0.91) between FLU residues and FLU-type compounds was also found. Comparing to controls, activities of GST and GR were significantly higher in crabs exposed to ≥16 and ≥40 μg L(-1) FLU, respectively. TG levels and IDH activity showed a significant trend to increase with FLU concentrations whereas AChE activity exhibited the opposite trend. FF measurements in the digestive gland and muscle proved to be an expeditious cost-effective method to assess the uptake and availability of FLU and its metabolites in C. maenas. The results suggest that under continuous environmental exposure, FLU may enhance detoxification and anti-oxidant defences, and cause alterations in the aerobic energy pathway, as well as neuromuscular toxic effects that may increase C. maenas risk of predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Rodrigues
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Abdel-Moneim AM, Al-Kahtani MA, Elmenshawy OM. Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of Oreochromis niloticus from polluted wetland environments, Saudi Arabia. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:1028-1035. [PMID: 22546634 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fish live in direct contact with their immediate external environment and, therefore, are highly vulnerable to aquatic pollutants. In this study, Oreochromis niloticus were caught at three different sites in Al-Hassa irrigation channels, namely Al-Jawhariya, Um-Sabah and Al-Khadoud. The histological changes in gills and liver were detected microscopically and evaluated with semi-quantitative analyses. Also, heavy metals have been determined in the water samples in these sites. Results showed that all sites were polluted by different kinds of heavy metals. Cd and Pb were mostly detected at concentrations above the WHO reference values. Meanwhile, various histopathological abnormalities were observed in gills and liver of fish specimens. In the gill filaments, cell proliferation, lamellar cell hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, lifting of the respiratory epithelium, and the presence of aneurysmal areas were observed. In the liver, there was vacuolization of the hepatocytes, sinusoidal congestion, necrosis of the parenchyma tissue, nuclear pyknosis, eosinophilic hepatocellular degeneration, pigment accumulation, an increase in the number and size of melanomacrophage centers. Liver tumors with severe chronic inflammation were occasionally found in fish at Al-Khadoud area (first-time report). The histological lesions were comparatively most severe in the liver. Despite heavy metals assessment did not show marked differences among sites, histopathological biomarkers indicated that the surveyed fish are living under stressful environmental conditions. So, we suggest use those biomarkers in future monitoring of aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Almeida JR, Gravato C, Guilhermino L. Challenges in assessing the toxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to marine organisms: a case study on the acute toxicity of pyrene to the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:926-937. [PMID: 22154001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity (96 h) of pyrene (PY) to European seabass (Dicentrachus labrax) juveniles assessed in a semi-static bioassay (SSB) with medium renewal at each 12h, and in a static bioassay (SB) without medium renewal was compared in laboratorial conditions (water PY concentrations: 0.07-10 mg L(-1)). Main findings in the SSB that assessed mainly the toxicity of PY and its metabolites were: increased levels of bile PY metabolites in good agreement with the profile of lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) in exposed fish relating PY exposure and oxidative damage; increased levels of PY-type compounds in the brain indicating their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier; increased levels of these substances in liver and muscle which are edible tissues for humans thus raising concern on potential adverse effects on consumers of fish from PY contaminated areas; a significant inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity suggesting its involvement in PY detoxication as toxicant scavenger; finally, an almost complete impairment of the swimming velocity at all the PY concentrations linking sub-individual to higher population level effects. In the SB, where the overall toxicity of PY, its metabolites and environmental degradation products was evaluated, 19% and 79% of PY decay in test media was found at 12 and 96 h, respectively. In general, the effects were similar to those of SSB but with significant effects being induced at higher PY concentrations indicating that the parental compound is more toxic than its environmental degradation products. The other main differences relatively to the SSB were: increased levels of PY-type substances in the liver suggesting more accumulation in this organ. Therefore, these findings highlight the need of carefully considering experimental design options when assessing the toxicity of readily degradable substances to marine fish, and stress the importance of taking into consideration the toxicity of environmental degradation products in addition to toxic effects of the parental substance and its metabolites for marine ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Almeida
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Estudos de Populações, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Serafim A, Lopes B, Company R, Cravo A, Gomes T, Sousa V, Bebianno MJ. A multi-biomarker approach in cross-transplanted mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:1959-1974. [PMID: 21769590 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work integrates the active biomonitoring (ABM) concept in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from the South coast of Portugal transplanted during 28 days between two sites with different sources of contamination, and vice versa, in order to assess biological effects in these mussels. For that purpose a multibiomarker approach was used. The suit of biomarkers indicative of metal contamination were metallothioneins (MT) and the enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), for organic contamination mixed function oxidase system (MFO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). These biomarkers were used to determine an index to evaluate the stress levels in these two sites. Site A is strongly influenced by metallic contamination, with higher Cu, Cr and Pb in M. galloprovincialis, as well as higher MT levels, antioxidant enzymes activities and LPO concentrations, and lower ALAD activity. In site B organic compounds (PAHs) are prevalent and native mussels show higher activities of the MFO system components and GST. Transplanted mussels had significant alterations in some biomarkers that reflect the type of contaminants present in each site, which demonstrates the primary role of the environment in determining the physiological characteristics of resident mussels. Therefore the application of ABM using a battery of biomarkers turns out to be a useful approach in sites where usually complex mixtures of contaminants occurs. In this study the biomarkers that better differentiate the impact of different contaminants at each site were MT, CYP450, SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serafim
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Fonseca VF, França S, Vasconcelos RP, Serafim A, Company R, Lopes B, Bebianno MJ, Cabral HN. Short-term variability of multiple biomarker response in fish from estuaries: Influence of environmental dynamics. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 72:172-178. [PMID: 21868087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Short-term variability in biomarker responses and the effects of temperature and salinity variation were explored in three fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Solea senegalensis and Pomatoschistus microps) occurring in the Tejo estuary. Short-term variability in biomarkers was observed in all species although no pattern was discerned over time (days to weeks). Antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) showed low temporal variability, indicating some constancy or baseline level in antioxidant responses. Only CAT activity in S. senegalensis was correlated with temperature, suggesting that exposure to contaminants triggered antioxidant acclimation. Higher short-term variability was observed in xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes activity (phase I ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and phase II glutathione S-transferase (GST)). Yet a significant correlation between EROD and GST in D. labrax and S. senegalensis suggests a concomitant response to contaminants. Moreover the lack of correlation between xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes and abiotic variables on concordant time scales, suggest a high specificity of these biomarkers to chemical exposure, rather than high variability due to environmental dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Fonseca
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Fonseca VF, França S, Serafim A, Company R, Lopes B, Bebianno MJ, Cabral HN. Multi-biomarker responses to estuarine habitat contamination in three fish species: Dicentrarchus labrax, Solea senegalensis and Pomatoschistus microps. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 102:216-27. [PMID: 21356184 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Several biomarker responses were determined in three fish species, Dicentrarchus labrax, Solea senegalensis and Pomatoschistus microps, from two estuaries of the Portuguese coast, Ria de Aveiro and Tejo. Both estuaries have significant anthropogenic influences from multiple sources (industrial, agricultural and shipping activities), which was evident from sediment chemical characterization concerning metal (copper, zinc, nickel, lead and chromium) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. Spatial variability in fish responses was observed across species for most biomarkers of exposure [the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and metallothionein concentrations (MT)] and effect biomarkers [lipid peroxidation (LPO), RNA to DNA ratio (R:D), protein and lipid content]. In general, the interspecific differences in biomarker responses were greater than the spatial differences, due to differences in the behavior and habitat use of the species. Nevertheless, similarities were also observed considering both chemical load and biomarker responses. In highly polluted sites fish showed in general a significant antioxidant enzyme induction, associated with decreased R:D values, while fish from the least impacted site had little enzyme induction and better condition indices (high R:D and low LPO values). EROD activity was also higher for all species in the Tejo than Ria de Aveiro estuary, despite the generally higher total PAH measured in Ria de Aveiro, most likely due to a higher proportion of 4 and 6-ring PAHs, considered more toxic than low molecular weight PAHs, in the Tejo. In conclusion, this multi-biomarker approach considering multiple species provided improved understanding of the diverse responses and effects of exposure to contaminants and the effective risk it poses for different fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Fonseca
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal.
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21
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Spearow JL, Kota RS, Ostrach DJ. Environmental contaminant effects on juvenile striped bass in the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:393-402. [PMID: 21038432 DOI: 10.1002/etc.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The decline of pelagic organisms in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) (California, USA) is attributed to several factors, including water diversions, invasive species, and exposure to environmental toxicants. The present study evaluated the effects of environmental contaminants on liver vitellogenin, metallothionein, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and benzyloxyresorufin O-deethylase (BROD) activity in juvenile striped bass (Morone saxitilis) in the SFE. Analysis of juvenile striped bass liver extracts revealed site-specific elevations of vitellogenin, metallothionein, and EROD biomarkers across the estuary. Although some striped bass in the estuary showed EROD activity similar to unhandled hatchery controls, several sites in the estuary showed significantly higher EROD activity that was in the range of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)-injected, positive controls. Overall, EROD activity averaged 283% higher in estuary fish than in hatchery controls. Chemical analyses of extracts from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) deployed in the estuary for one month showed elevated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. Semipermeable membrane devices extract injections-induced metallothionein and BROD in striped bass livers. These data show that environmental exposures are impacting EROD and other biomarkers in the SFE striped bass population. Previous studies in our laboratory have associated poor larval development with maternal transfer of environmental contaminants. Further studies are needed to monitor contaminant exposures by the use of biomarkers and to integrate them into a more effective pelagic species recovery plan in the SFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy L Spearow
- Pathobiology, Conservation and Population Biology Laboratory, University of California Davis, California, USA
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22
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Gonzalez-Rey M, Lau TC, Gomes T, Maria VL, Bebianno MJ, Wu R. Comparison of metal accumulation between 'Artificial Mussel' and natural mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in marine environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 63:149-153. [PMID: 21237472 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The passive sampler called 'Artificial Mussel' (AM) developed by Wu et al. (2007) can provide a time-integrated estimate of metal concentrations in the marine environment, and offers a potential device to assess and compare metal concentration in different marine environments worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare metal accumulation on AM and natural mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at three sites with different metal loads along the Portuguese coast for four months. M. galloprovincialis were placed in cages alongside AMs at each site. Samples were collected monthly and Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in whole soft tissues and AMs compared. For both Cu and Cd, the results were similar between AMs and natural mussels. Higher concentrations of Zn were observed in natural mussels, whereas the inverse was shown for Pb (about 10-fold higher). Our results showed that AMs are promising tools for assessing metal concentrations in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gonzalez-Rey
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Campus de Gambelas, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Ferreira M, Caetano M, Antunes P, Costa J, Gil O, Bandarra N, Pousão-Ferreira P, Vale C, Reis-Henriques MA. Assessment of contaminants and biomarkers of exposure in wild and farmed seabass. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:579-588. [PMID: 20167373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between levels of organochlorine compounds (PCBs and DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and biomarkers of exposure (EROD and GST) and oxidative stress biomarkers, in wild and cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Additionally, the fatty acid profile was determined in muscle to assess differences between cultivated and wild specimens of marketable size. Although results pointed to relatively low concentration of contaminants, wild specimens presented enhanced accumulation of metals and cultivated specimens higher levels of organic compounds. Biomarkers were correlated with contaminants in tissues, showing that higher levels can cause effects at the biochemical level. Wild specimens have presented higher content on omega-3 fatty acids in muscle. Besides the useful application of biomarkers in wild species, this study has shown that they can also be applied to monitor biological effects in the fish farming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental-Laboratório Toxicologia Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Onsanit S, Ke C, Wang X, Wang KJ, Wang WX. Trace elements in two marine fish cultured in fish cages in Fujian province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1334-1342. [PMID: 20149944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two cultured marine fish, the Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and red seabream (Pagrus major) were collected from eight fish cage sites along the coast of Fujian province in China. The concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in their muscle, stomach and liver tissue were quantified. The risk of these trace elements to humans through fish consumption was then assessed. The highest concentrations of As, Cd, Se and Zn in fish feed from fish cages were found in Dongshan Station. Moreover, the As levels in the muscles of both species at all sites were generally higher than China's national standard (>1.0 microg/g). Trace element concentrations in two marine fish followed the order of livers > stomachs > muscles. Although the As levels in two marine caged fish exceeded the permissible standards, the estimated daily intake of As did not exceed the reference dose guideline established by US EPA. For other trace elements examined in this study, their concentrations did not exceed the permissible concentrations of the international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarayut Onsanit
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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25
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Cazenave J, Bacchetta C, Parma MJ, Scarabotti PA, Wunderlin DA. Multiple biomarkers responses in Prochilodus lineatus allowed assessing changes in the water quality of Salado River basin (Santa Fe, Argentina). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:3025-3033. [PMID: 19589632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This field study assessed water quality of Salado River basin by using a set of biomarkers in the fish Prochilodus lineatus. Multiple biomarkers were measured, including morphological indexes (condition factor, liver somatic index), hematological (red and white blood cells) and biochemical (glucose, total protein and cholinesterase activity) parameters. Besides, detoxication and oxidative stress markers (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation) were measured in liver, gills and kidney. Despite water quality assessment did not show marked differences among sites, biomarkers responses indicate that fish are living under stressful environmental conditions. According to multivariate analysis glucose, glutathione S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation levels and the count of white blood cells are key biomarkers to contribute to discrimination of sites. So, we suggest use those biomarkers in future monitoring of freshwater aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Cazenave
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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26
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Fernandes D, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Assessing pollutant exposure in cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Iberian Peninsula. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:1043-1050. [PMID: 19593642 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is an expanding activity, mainly due to the world population demand of fish. However, intensive production and the use of chemicals have raised environmental concerns and have questioned the quality of cultured fish in comparison to wild fish. Up to date, there is little information regarding pollutant residues in cultured stocks and the risks associated to consumption. Here we summarize recent data on pollutants exposure, together with biochemical responses in both cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Iberian Peninsula. The obtained data highlights the use of chemicals in current aquaculture practices as a significant source of pollution in cultured fish that poses a risk to exposed individuals and may negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, a controlled use of those chemicals and a careful selection of the aquaculture location can ensure relatively low and homogeneous levels of pollutants in cultured fish in comparison to wild specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Maria VL, Ahmad I, Oliveira M, Serafim A, Bebianno MJ, Pacheco M, Santos MA. Wild juvenile Dicentrarchus labrax L. liver antioxidant and damage responses at Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1861-70. [PMID: 19577807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Aveiro Lagoon, at the north-western coast of Portugal, has been under considerable anthropogenic pressure for the last 5 decades. In order to perform an adequate survey of the effects induced by the contaminants in presence, wild juveniles Dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass) were selected. Thus, sea bass was captured at five sites: Torreira (TOR, as reference site), Gafanha (GAF), Rio Novo Príncipe (RIO), Laranjo (LAR) and Vagos (VAG) in autumn 2005. Liver defence responses such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSHt), total non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and metallothioneins (MT) were measured. Liver damage was determined as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA integrity loss. RIO, LAR and VAG presented lower CAT, GR, GST activities and NP-SH and GSHt depletion in comparison to TOR. VAG and LAR showed higher GPx activity when compared to TOR. The highest MT level was found at GAF and VAG. The NP-SH and DNA integrity decreased at GAF compared to TOR. This field study demonstrated that not only antioxidant induction but also inhibitory responses must be considered as a signal of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Maria
- CESAM & Biology Department of Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Ahmad I, Maria VL, Oliveira M, Serafim A, Bebianno MJ, Pacheco M, Santos MA. DNA damage and lipid peroxidation vs. protection responses in the gill of Dicentrarchus labrax L. from a contaminated coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 406:298-307. [PMID: 18644616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present research work aimed to investigate the damage vs. protection responses in gill of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) captured at a polluted coastal lagoon, Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), as a tool to evaluate the human impacts on environmental health. Damage was assessed as DNA strand breakage and lipid peroxidation (LPO) whereas protection was evaluated by measuring catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSHt), thiols and metallothioneins (MT). Fish were caught at five locations: Gafanha (GAF), Rio Novo do Príncipe (RIO), Laranjo (LAR) and Vagos (VAG) presenting each a different recognized source of contamination, and Torreira (TOR), assumed as reference site. Among the surveyed sites, gill damage was observed only at GAF, as measured by DNA integrity loss and LPO increase. An overall induction in enzymatic antioxidant protection was perceptible in fish from GAF and VAG, expressed as higher GPX, GR and GST activities. In addition, LAR fish showed elevated GST and CAT activities. Thiols content was higher in all study sites irrespective to the pollution spectrum, whereas GSHt increase was only observed at GAF and VAG. The highest MT level was detected in fish from VAG and the lowest level from RIO suggesting a low contamination degree on this particular site. Globally, the results expressed site-specific response patterns, signalling two critical areas - GAF and VAG. Additionally, a joint analysis (damage vs. protection) allowed the following ordering of surveyed sites according to the contamination degree and risk to fish health; GAF>VAG>LAR>RIO>TOR. D. labrax gill responses demonstrated their efficacy as early warning signals of the contaminants presence. Moreover, the adopted approach, considering simultaneously protection responses and damaging effects, also revealed its usefulness on the pollution extent assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Ferreira M, Antunes P, Costa J, Amado J, Gil O, Pousão-Ferreira P, Vale C, Reis-Henriques MA. Organochlorine bioaccumulation and biomarkers levels in culture and wild white seabream (Diplodus sargus). CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:1669-1674. [PMID: 18789475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which can accumulate in the adipose fish tissues, can enter the human food chain through the consumption of fish, and cause risk to health. The use of chemical analysis, and biochemical and cellular responses is a way to detect the impact of pollutants in aquatic systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls - PCB and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites - tDDT) in, wild and cultivated, white seabream (Diplodus sargus), and also its biological effects that were evaluated by assessing the activity of biotransformation enzymes and genotoxic effects. To achieve that we have sampled five different size classes (I - 13 g, II - 64 g, III - 143 g, IV - 315 g and V - 441 g) of white seabream from a local aquaculture, and also a group of wild fish (375g) in order to compare accumulation and responses between cultured and wild fish. White seabream, cultured and wild, presented low levels of organochlorine content, both in liver and in muscle. Wild white seabream, in comparison to cultured ones at the marketable size, showed lower organochlorine accumulation. Biotransformation enzymes showed negative correlations with organochlorine levels in liver. Micronucleous numbers revealed that wild white seabream are not so exposed to genotoxic compounds as cultured ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
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Fernandes D, Andreu-Sánchez O, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Assessment of pollution along the Northern Iberian shelf by the combined use of chemical and biochemical markers in two representative fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 155:327-335. [PMID: 18162268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle concentrations of organochlorinated compounds as well as biliary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APEs) were determined in two different fish species, the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) and the pouting (Trisopterus luscus) collected along the Northern Iberian coast. Additionally, a set of biochemical markers namely, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and catalase (CAT) were measured in liver subcellular fractions. Chemical analysis indicated geographical differences in pollutant loads that were further reinforced by biomarker responses. Thus, EROD activity showed a good correlation with the amount of PCBs bioaccumulated in muscle tissue of both fish species. Elevated UGT activity was observed in those individuals highly exposed to APEs and 1-naphthol. The study reinforces the need to select representative sentinel species from different habitats for biomonitoring purposes and provides further support for the use of biomarkers in assessing the health of coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- CIMA, University of Algarve, FCMA, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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31
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Fernandes D, Zanuy S, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Chemical and biochemical tools to assess pollution exposure in cultured fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 152:138-46. [PMID: 17587471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There is little information regarding pollutant levels in farmed fish, and the risks associated to consumption. This study was designed to assess levels of exposure to metals, organochlorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APEs) in farmed sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from five aquacultures located in Southern Europe. Additionally, several biochemical responses (metallothionein, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, vitellogenin) were determined as complementary tools. The obtained data indicate that pollutants exposure in farmed fish is similar to the levels reported in wild specimens from the area. Nonetheless, some biochemical responses were observed in the studied organisms, viz. metallothionein induction in Cu exposed organisms, and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and vitellogenin induction in PAHs and APEs exposed ones. The study further supports the usefulness of the biomarker approach as a first screening method to discriminate between basal and high levels of exposure in cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- CIMA, University of Algarve, FCMA, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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