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Vargas VMF, da Silva Júnior FMR, Silva Pereira TD, Silva CSD, Coronas MV. A comprehensive overview of genotoxicity and mutagenicity associated with outdoor air pollution exposure in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:172-199. [PMID: 36775848 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2175092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review examined the mutagenicity and genotoxicity associated with exposure to outdoor air pollutants in Brazil. A search was performed on the Web of Science database using a combination of keywords that resulted in 134 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 75 articles were obtained. The articles were classified into three categories: (1) studies with plants and animals, (2) in vitro studies, and (3) human biomonitoring. The investigations were conducted in 11 of 27 Brazilian states with the highest prevalence in the southeast and south regions. Only 5 investigations focused on the effects of burning biomass on the quality of outdoor air. Plants, especially Tradescantia pallida, were the main air pollution biomonitoring tool. When available, a significant association between levels of air pollutants and genetic damage was described. Among the in vitro studies, Salmonella/microsome is the most used test to evaluate mutagenesis of outdoor air in Brazil (n = 26). Human biomonitoring studies were the least frequent category (n = 18). Most of the investigations utilized micronucleus bioassay, in oral mucosa cells (n = 15) and lymphocytes (n = 5), and the comet assay (n = 6). The analysis in this study points to the existence of gaps in genotoxicity studies and our findings indicate that future studies need to address the variety of potential sources of pollution existing in Brazil. In addition to extent of the impacts, consideration should be given to the enormous Brazilian biodiversity, as well as the determination of the role of socioeconomic inequality of the population in the observed outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Aquicultura de Peixes Ornamentais do Xingu, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Silva da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciênciae Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vieira Coronas
- Coordenaç'ão Acad"êmica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Dey D, Gyeltshen T, Aich A, Naskar M, Roy A. Climate adaptive crop-residue management for soil-function improvement; recommendations from field interventions at two agro-ecological zones in South Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109164. [PMID: 32000007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of biomass energy from various agricultural wastes for local usages and its removal through open burning potentially increase emission of Green House Gases (GHGs), deteriorate air-quality, formation of tropospheric ozone and create trans-boundary health hazards in countries of South East Asia. The effect of common agro-waste management practices in soil quality and agricultural production system over this part of the world is not well documented. In the present three-years long study, spanning over two entirely different agro-ecological zones of India and Bhutan, highlights the impacts of the burning of agricultural waste in soil physio-chemical properties, biological properties and crop production. The current study also focuses on the alternative usage of crop residue to enhance soil organic carbon, soil moisture, soil nutrients and soil biological activity through the application of biochar and raw agricultural waste generated from the field. It was observed that crop residue used as raw mulch and biochar improved the agricultural production up to 36%-64% over the experimental fields of India and Bhutan. The results from the study disseminated among the local farmers and technological support were provided for practicing alternative crop residue management. Nearly 1450-1500 farmers in India and 100-125 farmers in Bhutan have adopted the agro-waste management practices of removal and re-application of agro-wastes in the field. A total of ~26000 t of CO2 emission has been reduced in two intervention sites during the study period. The present action-research helps to propose future guidelines for environmental friendly crop residue utilization and management and simultaneously help to improve agricultural yield along with soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Dey
- South Asian Forum for Environment, Research & Planning Division, India
| | | | - Amitava Aich
- South Asian Forum for Environment, Research & Planning Division, India
| | - Mrinmoyee Naskar
- Department of Geography, Baruipur College, Calcutta University, India
| | - Arindam Roy
- South Asian Forum for Environment, Research & Planning Division, India.
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Sthel MS, Mothé GA, Lima MA, de Castro MPP, Esquef I, da Silva MG. Pollutant gas and particulate material emissions in ethanol production in Brazil: social and environmental impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35082-35093. [PMID: 31676940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of fossil-based fuels by renewable fuels (biofuels) was proposed in the IPCC report, as an alternative to reduce greenhouse gas emission and reach out to a low-carbon economy. On this perspective, the Brazilian government had implemented a renewable energy program based on the use of ethanol in the transport sector. This work evaluates the scenario of pollutant gas emissions and particulate material that comes from the biomass burning process involved in ethanol production cycle, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. The gases and particulate material emitted by sugarcane and bagasse burning processes-the last one in energy co-generation mills-were analyzed. A laboratory-controlled burning of both samples was realized in an oven with temperature ramp from 250 to 400 °C, at a regular rate of 50 °C. The gas samples were collected directly from the oven's exhaust pipe. The particulates obtained were the residual material taken out of the burned samples: a powder with the aspect of soot. A photoacoustic spectroscopy system coupled with quantum cascade laser and electrochemical analyzers was used to measure the emission of polluting gases such as N2O, CO2, CO, NOx (NO, NO2), and SO2 in ppmv range. Fluorescent X-ray spectrometry was applied to evaluate the chemical composition of particulate material, enabling the identification of elements such as Si, Al, Ca, K, Fe, S, P, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sc, V, Cu, and Sr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Sthel
- Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Center for Science and Technology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.
| | - Georgia A Mothé
- Chemistry and Technology Laboratory, Higher Institutes of Education CENSA-ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Marcenilda A Lima
- Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Center for Science and Technology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Maria P P de Castro
- Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Center for Science and Technology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Israel Esquef
- Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Center for Science and Technology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G da Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Center for Science and Technology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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Rodrigues de Almeida EJ, Christofoletti Mazzeo DE, Deroldo Sommaggio LR, Marin-Morales MA, Rodrigues de Andrade A, Corso CR. Azo dyes degradation and mutagenicity evaluation with a combination of microbiological and oxidative discoloration treatments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109484. [PMID: 31398583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the degradation of the Acid Blue 161 and Procion Red MX-5B dyes in a binary solution by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in systems with and without electrochemical oxidation as the pretreatment process. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography with (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) were applied towards the degradation analysis of the dyes. Adsorption tests with white clay immobilized on alginate were also conducted after the discoloration treatments to remove intermediate metabolites formed during the degradation of the dye molecules. The discoloration treatments led to the complete color removal of the solutions in all the systems tested. The clay demonstrated affinity for the metabolites formed after discoloration treatments, the removal rates were variable, but the all systems has proved efficient. The Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) with strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence and presence of exogenous metabolism (S9 microsomal system, Moltox) revealed that the initial molecules and by-products of the metabolism of the dyes were direct mutagens. The electrochemical/A. terreus/clay system was able to discolor the solutions and transform the direct mutagens into non-mutagenic compounds in addition to reducing the mutagenic potency of the pro-mutagens to the Salmonella strain TA100/S9, which demonstrates the high efficiency of this system with regard to discoloring and degrading azo dye molecules and their by-products. Therefore, this study showed that although not having standard treatment system for this type of pollutant, the combination of treatments can be considered promising. The use of electrochemical oxidation along with microbiological treatment may lead to the degradation and mineralization of these compounds, reducing or eliminating the environmental impact caused by the improper disposal of these dyes in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Janaina Rodrigues de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dânia Elisa Christofoletti Mazzeo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Roberta Deroldo Sommaggio
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalgisa Rodrigues de Andrade
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Corso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Jaconis SY, Culley TM, Meier AM. Does particulate matter along roadsides interfere with plant reproduction? A comparison of effects of different road types on Cichorium intybus pollen deposition and germination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:261-266. [PMID: 28089212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The roadside habitat can be challenging for plants, which must maintain normal biological processes despite an influx of airborne pollutants. While the effects of many gases on plants have been quantified, the impacts of particulate pollutants have been relatively less studied. This is especially true of field experiments where particle dispersion may be influenced by meteorology and roadway use. We examined chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) along roadsides in the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area to assess particulate influence on plant pollination through stigmatic clogging. We compared flowers collected from plants situated along interstates, U.S. highways, state highways, and county roads as these different road-types vary in motor vehicle usage and thus should have varying levels of particulate deposition on flowers. We examined floral stigmas for total particulates, total pollen, and percentage of pollen tube germination to determine whether particulates may interfere with early reproductive processes. Our results suggest that there was minimal variation of particulate matter found on chicory stigmas among road-types. Furthermore, the deposition of particulates on stigmas based on road-type did not show a strong link to variation in pollen deposition and pollen germination. There was also no significant relationship between total particulate levels and pollen germination rates across all road types. Future studies should investigate other plant species that may be more sensitive to roadside pollution, such as economically important crops. Locations in which vehicle use is increasing and where pollutants are not regulated strictly should also be examined as the effects of airborne particulates in early plant reproduction would be expected to be more substantial in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y Jaconis
- Department of Biological Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, 614 Rieveschl Hall, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA.
| | - Theresa M Culley
- Department of Biological Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, 614 Rieveschl Hall, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Meier
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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Alves DKM, Kummrow F, Cardoso AA, Morales DA, Umbuzeiro GA. Mutagenicity profile of atmospheric particulate matter in a small urban center subjected to airborne emission from vehicle traffic and sugar cane burning. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:41-50. [PMID: 26289646 DOI: 10.1002/em.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is genotoxic and recently was classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. PM chemical composition varies depending on source and atmospheric conditions. The Salmonella/microsome assay is the most used mutagenicity test and can identify the major chemical classes responsible for observed mutagenicity. The objective of this work was to characterize the mutagenicity of PM samples from a countryside city, Limeira, Brazil, which is influenced by heavy traffic and sugar cane biomass burning. Six samples of total PM were collected. Air mass backward trajectories were calculated. Organic extracts were assayed using the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension mutagenicity assay using TA98, YG1041, and TA1538, with and without metabolic activation (S9). YG1041 was the most sensitive strain and mutagenicity reached 9,700 revertants per m(3) without metabolic activation. Potency for TA1538 was higher than TA98, indicating that this strain should be considered in air mutagenicity studies. The increased response to YG1041 relative to TA98, and the decreased response with S9, suggests that nitroaromatics are the major contributors. Limeira is among the most mutagenic cities in the world. High mutagenicity in Limeira seems to occur when the air mass from the area of sugarcane production is mixed with air from the region impacted by anthropogenic activities such as traffic. An increase in the formation of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may result from longer contact time between the aromatic compounds and the atmosphere with high NOx and ozone concentration, although more studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Kristina M Alves
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Kummrow
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo A Cardoso
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Morales
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisela A Umbuzeiro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Prieto A, Santos A, Csipak A, Caliri C, Silva I, Arbex M, Silva F, Marchi M, Cavalheiro A, Silva D, Bolzani V, Soares C. Chemopreventive activity of compounds extracted from Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) Sw against DNA damage induced by particulate matter emitted by sugarcane burning near Araraquara, Brazil. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:368-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Traversi D, Schilirò T, Degan R, Pignata C, Alessandria L, Gilli G. Involvement of nitro-compounds in the mutagenicity of urban Pm2.5 and Pm10 in Turin. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 726:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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