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Chirinos-Peinado D, Castro-Bedriñana J, Ríos-Ríos E, Castro-Chirinos G, Quispe-Poma Y. Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Raw Milk Produced in the Vicinity of a Mini Mineral Concentrator in the Central Andes and Health Risk. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2376-2390. [PMID: 37713056 PMCID: PMC10954997 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The bovine milk quality, safety, and security are of great concern mainly due to the dispersion of toxic substances from various anthropogenic activities and poor practices for organophosphates in agriculture use. This study evaluated the potential risk to human health from lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) from the consumption of milk produced in an area of the Central Andes valley near a mini mineral concentrator by estimating the weekly intake (WI), dietary risk quotient (DRC), hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for the Peruvian population aged 2 to 85 years, in three scenarios of milk consumption by age (minimum, average, and maximum). Toxic element quantification was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry following standardized procedures. The mean amount ± standard deviation of Pb, Cd, and As in soils was 292±60.90, 3.54±1.58, and 5.60±2.20 mg/kg, the order of importance being Pb>As>Cd. The contents of Pb, Cd, and As in pastures were 23.17±10.02, 0.25±0.57, and 0.06±0.09 mg/kg, being from highest to lowest Pb>Cd>As. The means of Pb, Cd, and As content in 19 milk samples were 0.029±0.022, 0.007±0.006, and 0.010±0.004 mg/kg. Pb and Cd exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPL), and the As was below the MPL. At all ages and milk consumption levels, the WI for Pb and Cd were below the estimated tolerable intake (TWI). The WI for As in < 19 years was higher than the TWI. The DRC for Pb and Cd at all three milk intake levels and all ages was < 1, and for As, it was > 1 in < 19 years, being the risk group. The TQH and HI for Pb and Cd were also > 1, signifying no health risk, and for As, the values were > 1 in < 11 years. Our results are valuable for preventing adverse health impacts from safe and innocuous milk consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Chirinos-Peinado
- Research Center in Food and Nutritional Security, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Junín, Perú
| | - Jorge Castro-Bedriñana
- Research Center in Food and Nutritional Security, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Junín, Perú.
| | - Elva Ríos-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Yubaly Quispe-Poma
- Zootechnical Faculty, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Junín, Perú
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Chirinos-Peinado D, Castro-Bedriñana J, Barnes EPG, Ríos-Ríos E, García-Olarte E, Castro-Chirinos G. Assessing the Health Risk and Trophic Transfer of Lead and Cadmium in Dairy Farming Systems in the Mantaro Catchment, Central Andes of Peru. TOXICS 2024; 12:308. [PMID: 38787087 PMCID: PMC11125971 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) transfer in three dairy farming areas in the Mantaro river headwaters in the central Peruvian Andes and at varying distances from the mining complex at La Oroya. At each of these sites, the transfer of trace metals from the soil to raw milk was estimated, and a hazard assessment for lead and cadmium was carried out in scenarios of minimum, average, and maximum milk consumption in a Peruvian population aged 2-85. Pb and Cd were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Significantly, the concentrations of lead and cadmium were found to exceed the maximum limits recommended by the World Health Organization, with a positive geospatial trend correlated with the distance from mining activity. Both Pb and Cd were found to be transferred through the soil-pasture-milk pathway, with the primary source of Cd being phosphate-based fertilizers used in pasture improvement. Pb was found to be the most significant contributor to the Hazard Index (HI) with those under 19 years of age and over 60 recording an HI of >1, with infants being the most vulnerable group due to their greater milk consumption in relation to their body weight. A marginal increase in contamination was observed in the dry season, indicating the need for studies to be expanded over several annual cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Chirinos-Peinado
- Nutritional Food Safety Research Center, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo 12007, Peru; (D.C.-P.); (E.G.-O.)
| | - Jorge Castro-Bedriñana
- Nutritional Food Safety Research Center, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo 12007, Peru; (D.C.-P.); (E.G.-O.)
| | - Eustace P. G. Barnes
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK;
| | - Elva Ríos-Ríos
- Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Edgar García-Olarte
- Nutritional Food Safety Research Center, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo 12007, Peru; (D.C.-P.); (E.G.-O.)
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Gui J, Ding R, Huang D, Wang L, Han Z, Yang X, Yang J, Luo H, Jiang L. Associations between urinary heavy metals and anxiety among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2012. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140085. [PMID: 37690549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the associations between heavy metals and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between single and combined exposure to heavy metals and anxiety. METHODS This study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012. Anxiety was assessed by patients self-reporting the number of anxious days per month. First, we evaluated the associations between 10 heavy metals single exposure and anxiety by multivariable logistic regression. We then selected 5 heavy metals (cadmium, antimony, cobalt, tungsten, and uranium) for further analysis by elastic net regression. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA), weighted quantile regression (WQS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were utilized to evaluate the associations between 5 heavy metals co-exposure and anxiety. RESULTS This study included 4512 participants, among whom 1206 participants were in an anxiety state. Urinary cadmium and antimony were separately related to an increased risk of anxiety (p for trend <0.01 and < 0.01, respectively). In PCA analysis, PC1 was associated with an increased risk of anxiety (p for trend <0.001). In WQS analysis, the positive WQS index was substantially linked with the risk of anxiety (OR (95%CI): 1.23 (1.04,1.39)). In BKMR analysis, the overall effects of co-exposure to heavy metals were positively connected with anxiety. CONCLUSION Our study identified a positive correlation between individual exposure to cadmium and antimony and the risk of anxiety. Additionally, the co-exposure to cadmium, antimony, cobalt, tungsten, and uranium was associated with an increased risk of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Gui
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dishu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lingman Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ziyao Han
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Castro-Bedriñana J, Chirinos-Peinado D, Ríos-Ríos E, Castro-Chirinos G, Chagua-Rodríguez P, De La Cruz-Calderón G. Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Raw Cow's Milk in a Central Andean Area and Risks for the Peruvian Populations. TOXICS 2023; 11:809. [PMID: 37888660 PMCID: PMC10611204 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Milk and its derivatives are basic foods in Peru, especially for children. The Junín region, in the central Andes, is one of the leading dairy basins. However, the safety of milk is affected by mining-metallurgical activities, wastewater dumping, organic residues, and inappropriate use of organophosphate fertilizers in agriculture whose contaminants reach the food chain, putting human health at risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in milk produced on a representative farm in central Peru, which uses phosphorous agrochemicals and is adjacent to a small mineral concentrator and a municipal solid waste dump, and to evaluate the potential risk for the Peruvian population of 2-85 years considering three levels of daily intake by age, which constitutes the innovative contribution of the study. These three elements were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry following standardized procedures. The mean contents of Pb (0.062 mg/kg), Cd (0.014 mg/kg), and As (0.030 mg/kg) in milk exceeded the maximum limits allowed by international standards. At all ages, the target quotient hazard followed a descending order of As > Pb > Cd, being > 1 in the case of As. The hazard index was >1 for children under 7, 9, and 11 years of age in the scenarios of low, medium, and high milk intake. The information is valid for formulating policies to prevent adverse health effects and develop standards and awareness programs, monitoring, and control of heavy metals in milk in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro-Bedriñana
- Research Center in Food and Nutritional Security, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo 12001, Peru;
| | - Doris Chirinos-Peinado
- Research Center in Food and Nutritional Security, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo 12001, Peru;
| | - Elva Ríos-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 14024, Peru;
| | | | - Perfecto Chagua-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional Autónoma Altoandina de Tarma, Tarma 12701, Peru;
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Zhao S, Gong Y, Yang S, Chen S, Huang D, Yang K, Cheng H. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and disinfection by-products in drinking water in megacities in China: A study based on age groups and Monte Carlo simulations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115330. [PMID: 37572625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water pose risks to human health and jeopardize drinking water. Water-related behaviors vary significantly among different age groups and regions. In this study, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of HMs (As, Cd, Cr6+, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and DBPs (bromodichloromethane (BDCM), bromoform, chloroform, dibromochloromethane (DBCM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA)) in drinking water in two Chinese megacities (Beijing in North China and Guangzhou in South China) via multiple exposure pathways were assessed. The results showed that children aged 9 months to 2 years had a total carcinogenic risk (TCR) and hazard index (HI) above acceptable levels, indicating that despite the drinking water quality in the selected megacities meeting the current Chinese national standards (GB 5749-2022), the health risks of exposure to HMs and DBPs in drinking water for local young children should not be neglected. Specifically, the carcinogenic risk (CR) of exposure to As in drinking water for children < 18-years-old, who were divided into different age groups, was 1.5-2.0- and 4.5-5.9-times higher than the TCR of exposure to DBPs in Beijing and Guangzhou, respectively. Regarding children aged 9 months to 2 years, the exposure to TCAA accounted for the largest proportion (35.6 %) of the TCR of exposure to DBPs in Beijing drinking water, 5.4-times higher than that in Guangzhou; whereas, the TCR of exposure to DBPs in Guangzhou drinking water was predominantly caused by exposure to chloroform, accounting for 40.6 % of the TCR and 1.5-times higher than that in Beijing. In addition, the CR of exposure to DCAA in drinking water in both megacities accounted for a large proportion of the TCR for children aged 9 months to 2 years. Monte Carlo simulations showed that 62.2 % and 42.6 % of the TCR of simultaneous exposure to As and DBPs in drinking water exceeded the acceptable level for sensitive populations, that is, children aged 1-2 years in Beijing (95th percentile = 4.2 × 10-4) and children aged 9-12 months in Guangzhou (95th percentile = 5.2 × 10-4), respectively. This elaborate health risk assessment sheds light on improving the water quality indices to guarantee drinking water safety in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoudao Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C8
| | - Yiwei Gong
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuwen Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaoyang Chen
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C8
| | - Di Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Singh S, Sharma P, Pal N, Kumawat M, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Tiwari RR, Kumar M, Nagpal R. Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Gut Microbiome and Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071457. [PMID: 35889175 PMCID: PMC9317668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the microbiome has emerged as a high-priority research area to discover missing links between brain health and gut dysbiosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the commensal gut microbiome is an important regulator of the gut–brain axis and plays a critical role in brain physiology. Engaging microbiome-generated metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, the endocrine system (including the HPA axis), tryptophan metabolism or the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in communication between the gut microbes and the brain. Humans are exposed to a wide range of pollutants in everyday life that impact our intestinal microbiota and manipulate the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, resulting in predisposition to psychiatric or neurological disorders. However, the interaction between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity has yet to be completely investigated. Although research into the precise processes of the microbiota–gut–brain axis is growing rapidly, comprehending the implications of environmental contaminants remains challenging. In these milieus, we herein discuss how various environmental pollutants such as phthalates, heavy metals, Bisphenol A and particulate matter may alter the intricate microbiota–gut–brain axis thereby impacting our neurological and overall mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Poonam Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Namrata Pal
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Swasti Shubham
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
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Bhuyan A, Ahmaruzzaman M. Metal-organic frameworks: A new generation potential material for aqueous environmental remediation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Ayuso-Álvarez A, Nuñez O, Martín-Méndez I, Bel-Lán A, Tellez-Plaza M, Pérez-Gómez B, Galán I, Fernández-Navarro P. Metal and metalloid levels in topsoil and municipal cardiovascular mortality in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112395. [PMID: 34800529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of metals and metalloids beyond arsenic, copper, lead and cadmium in cardiovascular disease is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between 18 metal or metalloid levels in topsoil (upper soil horizon) with all-cause and specific cardiovascular mortality endpoints in Spain. We designed an ecological spatial study, to assess cardiovascular mortality in 7941 Spanish mainland towns from 2010 to 2014. The estimation of metals and metalloids concentration in topsoil came from the Geochemical Atlas of Spain from 13,317 soil samples. We also summarized the joint variability of the metals using principal components analysis (PCA). These components (PCs) were included in a Besag, York, and Mollié model to assess their association with cardiovascular mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular, hypertension, and conduction disorders. Our results showed, both in men and women, that at the lowest component scores range, PC2 (mainly reflecting Al, Be, Tl and U) was positively associated with coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular mortality. At medium/highest scores range, PC4 (mainly reflecting Hg) was positively associated with cerebrovascular mortality. For PC3 (reflecting Se), the association with coronary heart disease mortality was positive only in men at the highest PC scores range. For PC1 (partly reflecting metals such as Pb, As, Cu or Cd), we observed a strongly suggestive positive association with all-cause cardiovascular diseases mortality. Our ecological results are consistent with the available evidence supporting a cardiovascular role of excessive exposure to Se, Hg, Pb, As, Cu and Cd, but also identify Al, Be, Tl and U as potentially novel cardiovascular factors. Additional research is needed to confirm the biological relevance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ayuso-Álvarez
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Economics and Business, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Nuñez
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Martín-Méndez
- Geological Survey of Spain (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, IGME-CSIC), Spain
| | - Alejandro Bel-Lán
- Geological Survey of Spain (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, IGME-CSIC), Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Galán
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Li X, Su H, Xia Y, Zhao Y. The association between water source and depressive symptoms in China: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:56-62. [PMID: 34411946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the associations between residential water sources and symptoms of depression and the relationships between switching residential water sources and symptoms of depression in middle-aged and elderly people in China. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 12,713 participants and the longitudinal study included 8,286 participants. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multiple logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify associations between water sources and symptoms of depression. RESULTS Participants without tap water were more likely to have depressive symptoms than participants with tap water (odds ratio (OR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.42) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.28). The lack of access to tap water in residence was positively related to the prevalence and incidence of symptoms of depression in almost all subgroups. Changing the water source from non-tap to tap water decreased the risk of depressive symptoms (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60 - 0.79). LIMITATIONS The results may not be generalizable to the whole population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that no tap water in residence is a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Therefore, providing tap water in residence may help prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004
| | - Han Su
- Medical Equipment Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004.
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10
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Geronimo ACR, Melo ESP, Silva KRN, Pereira HS, Nascimento VA, Machate DJ, do Nascimento VA. Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772928. [PMID: 34858191 PMCID: PMC8631468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study estimated the human health risk assessment and daily intake of heavy metals and metalloids in herbal medicines used to treat anxiety in Brazil. Six different brands of herbal medicines were purchased in the city of Campo Grande/MS, Brazil: Pasalix®, Calman®, Serenus®, Maracugina®, Prakalmar® and Calmasyn®. In total, eight elements including As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were analyzed using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). Only the concentration of As in the herbal medicine Prakalmar® is above the values established by United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USP) and Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (BF) for permitted concentration of elemental impurities in drugs substances. The concentration of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr and Cu in all herbal medicines are lower than the values set by USP and FB. The concentration of Pb in Calman® is lower than the limits established by BF, but higher than those established by USP. Pasalix, Serenus®, Calmasyn®, Prakalmar® and Marcacugina® have a higher Pb concentration than the values allowed by USP and BF. All herbal medications have concentrations within safe ranges for human consumption, with the exception of Calmasyn®, which has Pb over the value defined by USP for oral permissible daily exposure (PDE) for elemental impurities. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI) of metal (loid)s in adults and children obtained from the consumption of the herbal medicines are below the values stipulated by the minimal risk levels (MRLs). All the hazard index (HI) values recorded in this study were below 1. However, monitoring by regulatory agency is necessary, large doses of heavy metal may cause acute or chronic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. R. Geronimo
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elaine S. P. Melo
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Kassia R. N. Silva
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Hugo S. Pereira
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Valdir A. Nascimento
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - David J. Machate
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Valter A. do Nascimento
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Li HB, Ning H, Li SW, Li J, Xue RY, Li MY, Wang MY, Liang JH, Juhasz AL, Ma LQ. An interlaboratory evaluation of the variability in arsenic and lead relative bioavailability when assessed using a mouse bioassay. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:593-607. [PMID: 33952142 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1919947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal bioassays have been developed to estimate oral relative bioavailability (RBA) of metals in soil, dust, or food for accurate health risk assessment. However, the comparability in RBA estimates from different labs remains largely unclear. Using 12 soil and soil-like standard reference materials (SRMs), this study investigated variability in lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) RBA estimates employing a mouse bioassay in 3 labs at Nanjing University, University of Jinan, and Shandong Normal University. Two performances of the bioassay at Nanjing University in 2019 and 2020 showed reproducible Pb and As RBA estimates, but increasing the number of mouse replicates in 2020 produced more precise RBA measurements. Although there were inter-lab variations in diet consumption rate and metal accumulation in mouse liver and kidneys following SRM ingestion due to differences in diet composition, bioassays at 3 labs in 2019 yielded overall similar Pb and As RBA estimates for the 12 SRMs with strong linear correlations between each 2 of the 3 labs for Pb (R2 = 0.95-0.98 and slope = 0.85-1.02) and As RBA outcomes (R2 = 0.46-0.86 and slope = 0.56-0.79). The consistency in RBA estimates was attributed to the relative nature of the final bioavailability outcome, which might overcome the inter-lab variation in diet consumption and metal uptake in mice. These results increased the confidence of use of mouse bioassays in bioavailability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Yue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang C, Jia X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Cao K, Zhang N, Gao Y, Wang Z. The combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and cadmium exposure on flavonoids in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111878. [PMID: 33418159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids participate in several plant processes such as growth and physiological protection in adverse environments. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of eCO2 and cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils on the total flavonoid and monomer contents in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2, Cd, and eCO2+ Cd increased the total flavonoids in the leaves relative to the control, and eCO2 mostly increased (p < 0.05) the total flavonoid content under Cd exposure. Elevated CO2 increased (p < 0.05) robinin, rutin, and acacetin contents in the leaves of 45-day seedlings and decreased (p < 0.05) the content of robinin and acacetin at 90 and 135 d under Cd exposure except for robinin at day 45 under Cd1 and acacetin on day 135 under Cd1. Quercetin content decreased (p < 0.05) under the combined conditions relative to Cd alone. Kaempferol in the leaves was only detected under eCO2 on day 135. The responses of total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, starch, C, N, S, and the C/N ratio in the leaves to eCO2 significantly affected the synthesis of total flavonoids and monomers under Cd exposure. Overall, rutin was more sensitive to eCO2+ Cd than the other flavonoids. Cadmium, CO2, and time had significant interactive effects on the synthesis of flavonoids in the leaves of R. pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2 may improve the protection and defense system of seedlings grown in Cd-contaminated soils by promoting the synthesis of total flavonoids, although robinin, rutin, quercetin, and acacetin yields may reduce with time. Additionally, increased Cd in the leaves suggested that eCO2 could improve the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Kemeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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