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Arrieta A, Nuñez de la Rosa YE, Pestana S. Cashew Nut Shell Waste Derived Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2024; 29:4168. [PMID: 39275016 PMCID: PMC11397352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The particular properties of graphene oxide (GO) make it a material with great technological potential, so it is of great interest to find renewable and eco-friendly sources to satisfy its future demand sustainably. Recently, agricultural waste has been identified as a potential raw material source for producing carbonaceous materials. This study explores the potential of cashew nut shell (CNS), a typically discarded by-product, as a renewable source for graphene oxide synthesis. Initially, deoiled cashew nut shells (DCNS) were submitted to pyrolysis to produce a carbonaceous material (Py-DCNS), with process optimization conducted through response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were identified as a pyrolysis temperature of 950 °C and a time of 1.8 h, yielding 29.09% Py-DCNS with an estimated purity of 82.55%, which increased to 91.9% post-washing. Using a modified Hummers method, the Py-DCNS was subsequently transformed into graphene oxide (GO-DCNS). Structural and functional analyses were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy, revealing the successful generation of GO-DCNS with characteristic oxygen-containing functional groups. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of defects and layer separations in GO-DCNS compared to Py-DCNS, indicative of effective oxidation. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated distinct thermal decomposition stages for GO-DCNS, aligning with the expected behavior for graphene oxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) further corroborated the morphological and compositional transformation from DCNS to GO-DCNS, showcasing reduced particle size, increased porosity, and significant oxygen functional groups. The results underscore the viability of cashew nut shells as a sustainable precursor for graphene oxide production, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods. This innovative approach addresses the waste management issue associated with cashew nut shells and contributes to developing high-value carbon materials with broad technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Arrieta
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
| | - Yamid E Nuñez de la Rosa
- Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Samuel Pestana
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
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2
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Dos Santos DF, Moreira WM, de Araújo TP, Bernardo MMS, de Figueiredo Ligeiro da Fonseca IM, Ostroski IC, de Barros MASD. Competitive adsorption of acetaminophen and caffeine onto activated Tingui biochar: characterization, modeling, and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:53611-53628. [PMID: 38008834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Tingui biochar (TB) activated with potassium hydroxide (TB-KOH) was synthesized in the present study. The adsorption capacity of TB-KOH was evaluated for the removal of acetaminophen and caffeine in monocomponent and bicomponent solutions. As a result, the study of the TB-KOH characterization as well as the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and a suggestion of the global adsorption mechanism are presented. TB-KOH was characterized through physical-chemical analysis to understand its surface morphology and how it contributes to the adsorption of these drugs. Furthermore, modelling using advanced statistical physical models was performed to describe how acetaminophen and caffeine molecules are adsorbed in the active sites of TB-KOH. Through the characterizations, it was observed that the activation with KOH contributed to the development of porosity and functional groups (-OH, C-O, and C = O) on the surface of TB. The monocomponent adsorption equilibrium was reached in 90 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 424.7 and 350.8 mg g-1 for acetaminophen and caffeine, respectively. For the bicomponent solution adsorption, the maximum adsorption capacity was 199.4 and 297.5 mg g-1 for acetaminophen and caffeine, respectively. The isotherm data was best fitted to the Sips model, and the thermodynamic study indicated that acetaminophen removal was endothermic, while caffeine removal was exothermic. The mechanism of adsorption of acetaminophen and caffeine by TB-KOH was described by the involvement of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the surface of TB-KOH and the molecules of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Peixoto de Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84017-220, Brazil
| | - Maria Manuel Serrano Bernardo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Carvalho CMD, Sanches-Neto FO, Carvalho-Silva VH, Ascheri DPR, Signini R. Response surface and DFT protocols for improvement of the adsorption process of lignocellulosic-based biomass for the removal of basic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133208. [PMID: 38889837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Jatobá-do-cerrado fruit shells, archetypical of lignocellulosic-based biomass, were used as an adsorbent to remove crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) from water. The adsorbent was characterized using various techniques, and kinetic studies showed dye adsorption followed second-order kinetics. An experimental design investigated the effects of pH and temperature on removal efficiency, with a quadratic model fitting the data best. The results suggest pH influences MB's adsorption capacity more than temperature and at 25 °C and pH 8, MB had a desirability value of 0.89, with 95 % removal efficiency. For CV, temperature had a greater influence, with a desirability value of 0.874 at 25 °C and pH 10, and 95 % removal efficiency. Adsorption isotherm studies revealed maximum adsorption capacities of 123.0 mg·g-1 and 113.0 mg·g-1 for CV and MB, respectively. Experimental thermodynamic parameters indicated an endothermic and spontaneous process which it was supported by quantum chemistry calculations. The protocols developed confirmed the potential for adsorbing CV and MB dyes in water, achieving over 73.1 and 74.4 mg g-1 dyes removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávio Olimpio Sanches-Neto
- Laboratory for Modeling of Physical and Chemical Transformations, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Goiás State University, 75132-903 Anápolis, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Goiás, IFG-Câmpus Valparaíso de Goiás, GO 72876-601, Brazil
| | - Valter Henrique Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratory for Modeling of Physical and Chemical Transformations, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Goiás State University, 75132-903 Anápolis, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Signini
- Goiás State University, Central Campus, Anápolis, PO Box 459, Goiás 75001-970, Brazil.
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Kwak Y, Eom J, Nam H, Nam C. Upcycling of PVC waste to high-value sorbent with KOH-activation for efficient removal of organic dyes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142283. [PMID: 38734251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), known for its chemical stability and flame-retardant qualities, has many uses in various fields, such as pipes, electric wires, and cable insulation. Research has established its potential recovery as a fluidic fuel through pyrolysis, but the use of PVC pyrolysis oil, which is tainted by chlorine, is constrained by its low heat value and harmful environmental effects. This study engineered a layered double hydroxide (LDH) to tackle these challenges. The LDH facilitated dechlorination during PVC pyrolysis and bolstered thermal stability via cross-linking. During pyrolysis with LDH, PVC was transformed into carbon-rich precursors to sorbents. Chemical activation of these residues using KOH created sorbents with a specific surface area of 1495.4 m2 g⁻1, rendering them hydrophilic. These resulting sorbents displayed impressive adsorption capabilities, removing up to 486.79 mg g⁻1 of methylene blue and exhibiting the simultaneous removal of cations and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Kwak
- Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Eom
- Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Nam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41950, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoo Nam
- Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Aljeboree AM, Alkaim AF. Studying removal of anionic dye by prepared highly adsorbent surface hydrogel nanocomposite as an applicable for aqueous solution. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9102. [PMID: 38643156 PMCID: PMC11032352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylamide-clay)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] was synthesized using the biopolymer sodium alginate (SA), acrylamide (AM), and bentonite clay (Bn) as hybrid materials embedded with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) for the removal of toxic Congo Red (CR) dye from an aqueous solution. The [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] nanocomposite has been described on the basis of thermal stability, morphological analysis, estimation of functional group, and crystalline/amorphous character by TGA, EFSEM/EDX, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD analysis, respectively. The effects of operational parameters toward the CR dye adsorption on [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2], including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, initial pH, and temperature were investigated. The maximum adsorption efficiency was found to be 185.12 mg/g for [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] in 100 mg/L of solution CR at pH 6.0 within 1 h. The equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics parameters of adsorption were examined, and results showed that the isotherm fitted the Freundlich model and the kinetics adsorption model of CR followed pseudo-first-order, thus indicating physisorption of anionic-CR onto the sorbent due to the development of an electrostatic attraction bond. Thermodynamic parameters for [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] have values (ΔG and ΔH) reflecting the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes. Moreover, [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] presented outstanding excellent reusability and recyclability with a relatively best removal percentage as compared to [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)] and suggested their applicability towards the textile industry and water purification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel M Aljeboree
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, 5001, Iraq.
| | - Ayad F Alkaim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla, 5001, Iraq
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Khan MKA, Abdulhameed AS, Alshahrani H, Algburi S. Chitosan/functionalized fruit stones as a highly efficient adsorbent biomaterial for adsorption of brilliant green dye: Comprehensive characterization and statistical optimization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130465. [PMID: 38423427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a highly efficient adsorbent biomaterial (hereinafter, CTS/PPS-HS) of chitosan/functionalized fruit stones (peach and plum) with H2SO4 was produced for the adsorption of brilliant green (BG) dye from aquatic systems. The developed biomaterial was characterized by several techniques like SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET, and pHpzc. To systematically optimize the adsorption performance of CTS/PPS-HS, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was attained. The factors considered for optimization included A: CTS/PPS-HS dosage (0.02-0.08 g), B: pH (4-10), and C: removal time (10-60 min). The pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm models exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental results of BG adsorption by CTS/PPS-HS. The outstanding adsorption capacity (409.63 mg/g) of CTS/PPS-HS was obtained. The remarkable adsorption of BG onto CTS/PPS-HS can be primarily attributed to electrostatic forces between the acidic sites of CTS/PPS-HS and the BG cations, accompanied by interactions such as π-π, Yoshida H-bonding, n-π, and H-bond interactions. The current data underscores the significant potential inherent in combining biomass with CTS polymer to create an exceptionally effective adsorbent biomaterial tailored for the elimination of cationic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K A Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Algburi
- College of Engineering Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk 36015, Iraq
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Kashi E, Surip SN, Khadiran T, Nawawi WI, De Luna Y, Yaseen ZM, Jawad AH. High adsorptive performance of chitosan-microalgae-carbon-doped TiO 2 (kronos)/ salicylaldehyde for brilliant green dye adsorption: Optimization and mechanistic approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129147. [PMID: 38181921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A composite of chitosan biopolymer with microalgae and commercial carbon-doped titanium dioxide (kronos) was modified by grafting an aromatic aldehyde (salicylaldehyde) in a hydrothermal process for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye. The resulting Schiff's base Chitosan-Microalgae-TiO2 kronos/Salicylaldehyde (CsMaTk/S) material was characterised using various analytical methods (conclusive of physical properties using BET surface analysis method, elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, XPS and point of zero charge). Box Behnken Design was utilised for the optimisation of the three input variables, i.e., adsorbent dose, pH of the media and contact time. The optimum conditions appointed by the optimisation process were further affirmed by the desirability test and employed in the equilibrium studies in batch mode and the results exhibited a better fit towards the pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 957.0 mg/g. Furthermore, the reusability study displayed the adsorptive performance of CsMaTk/S remains effective throughout five adsorption cycles. The possible interactions between the dye molecules and the surface of the adsorbent were derived based on the analyses performed and the electrostatic attractions, H-bonding, Yoshida-H bonding, π-π and n-π interactions are concluded to be the responsible forces in this adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Kashi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N Surip
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tumirah Khadiran
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izhan Nawawi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yannis De Luna
- Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.
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8
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Liou TH, Huang JJ. Efficient Removal of Hazardous P-Nitroaniline from Wastewater by Using Surface-Activated and Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Mesostructure. TOXICS 2024; 12:88. [PMID: 38276723 PMCID: PMC10821441 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
P-nitroaniline (PNA) is an aniline compound with high toxicity and can cause serious harm to aquatic animals and plants. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a multifunctional carbon-based material that can be applied in energy storage and biochemistry applications and semiconductors as well as for various environmental purposes. In the present study, MWCNTs (CO2-MWCNTs and KOH-MWCNTs) were obtained through CO2 and KOH activation. ACID-MWCNTs were obtained through surface treatment with an H2SO4-HNO3 mixture. Herein, we report, for the first time, the various MWCNTs that were employed as nanoadsorbents to remove PNA from aqueous solution. The MWCNTs had nanowire-like features and different tube lengths. The nanotubular structures were not destroyed after being activated. The KOH-MWCNTs, CO2-MWCNTs, and ACID-MWCNTs had surface areas of 487, 484, and 80 m2/g, respectively, and pore volumes of 1.432, 1.321, and 0.871 cm3/g, respectively. The activated MWCNTs contained C-O functional groups, which facilitate PNA adsorption. To determine the maximum adsorption capacity of the MWCNTs, the influences of several adsorption factors-contact time, solution pH, stirring speed, and amount of adsorbent-on PNA adsorption were investigated. The KOH-MWCNTs had the highest adsorption capacity, followed by the CO2-MWCNTs, pristine MWCNTs, and ACID-MWCNTs. The KOH-MWCNTs exhibited rapid PNA adsorption (>85% within the first 5 min) and high adsorption capacity (171.3 mg/g). Adsorption isotherms and kinetics models were employed to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The results of reutilization experiments revealed that the MWCNTs retained high adsorption capacity after five cycles. The surface-activated and modified MWCNTs synthesized in this study can effectively remove hazardous pollutants from wastewater and may have additional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Horng Liou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan District, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Jie Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan District, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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Ruello JLA, Mengesha DN, Choi Y, Baye AF, Kim H. Laser-cum-KOH activation allows interfacial engineering of cardboard-derived carbon, tunable ionic states, and universal dye adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140732. [PMID: 37979806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the preparation of laser-cum KOH-activated porous carbon with tunable ionic states, unique surface chemistry, and physical texture from renewable and environmentally friendly precursors (waste cardboard boxes). The adsorption performance of the engineered adsorbents is examined on the adsorption of methyl blue (MB, anionic) and methylene blue (MeB, cationic). The adsorption mechanism was determined using detailed batch adsorption, and the MB was adsorbed via the formation of ternary complexes, whereas the MeB was adsorbed through cation-π interaction. Furthermore, the non-activated laser-induced carbon (LIC100) and the KOH-activated carbon (KAC(L)) exhibit superior dye adsorption capacities of 9610 (MB) and 1882 mg g-1 (MeB), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest ever reported at dye removal in the field of adsorptive dye removal. Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order are fitted well for both MB and MeB adsorption. Lastly, the carbons generated through this modern technique can be remodeled into a more secure device to obtain clean and microorganism-free water. This study showed the potential of laser-induced carbonization of KOH-activated substrate and provided unique insights into future development for universal dye adsorption and other possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Laurence A Ruello
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel N Mengesha
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Anteneh F Baye
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hern Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
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Guan J, Zhu M, Zhou J, Luo L, Fernando Romanholo Ferreira L, Zhang X, Liu J. Agricultural waste biochar after potassium hydroxide activation: Its adsorbent evaluation and potential mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129793. [PMID: 37769976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural waste (Goji branch) was pyrolyzed into biochars with one-step potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation under different processing conditions. The biochars were first characterized in structural features and functional groups and then evaluated for adsorptive performance with methylene blue as a model pollutant. Different adsorption models were applied to fit the adsorption process and reveal the possible mechanisms. The adsorption capacity was found to strongly correlate (R2 = 0.9642) with the surface area of the biochars, among which biochar K50%W29%C-700 (pyrolysis at 700 °C in the presence of 50 % KOH and 29 % water) possessed the largest surface area (1378 m2/g) and exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (769 mg/g) compared to its homologous products. Biochar K50%W29%C-700 also showed excellent recyclability and potent adsorption capacity toward other common organic pollutants. The results suggest that traces of water in agricultural wastes could significantly intensify the KOH-involved activation efficiency of producing porous biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mingxin Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | | | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiayang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Gongda Kaiyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chuzhou 239001, China.
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11
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Rashid M, Rehman R, E Al-Hazemi M, Jahangir MM, T Al-Thagafi Z, I Alsantali R, Akram M. Process optimization of adsorptive phytoremediation of mutagenic brilliant green dye for health risk management using chemically activated Symplocos racemosa agro-waste. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:626-638. [PMID: 37735932 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2259987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Textile industries use large amounts of water as well as dyes. These dyes containing water are then discharged into the water bodies causing a significant role in water pollution. Brilliant Green dye contributes to many harmful diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. In this study, Symplocos racemosa (SR) agro-waste was chemically treated with acid (SR-HCl) and base (SR-NaOH) and then used for removing Brilliant Green Dye (BGD) on the batch scale. They were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, TGA and DSC. Optimized conditions were 30 °C temperature, pH 6, adsorbent dose of 0.10 g/25 ml dye solution, shaking speed of 100 revolutions per minute, initial dye concentration of 50 ppm and 35 min time for shaking adsorbent and dye solution. Adsorption data obtained were analyzed using isotherms. The experimental data was found to fit well with the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of BGD on the SR, SR-HCl, and SR-NaOH was revealed to be 62.90, 65.40, and 71 mg/g respectively. Kinetic data (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) were evaluated and adsorption tends to follow the pseudo-2nd-order, which indicated the chemisorption mechanism. The results revealed that Symplocos racemosa agro-waste can be considered as the potential biosorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rehman
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maha E Al-Hazemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art at khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zahrah T Al-Thagafi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehwish Akram
- Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore,- Pakistan
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Enache AC, Cojocaru C, Samoila P, Ciornea V, Apolzan R, Predeanu G, Harabagiu V. Adsorption of Brilliant Green Dye onto a Mercerized Biosorbent: Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104129. [PMID: 37241872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the valorization of pistachio shell agricultural waste, aiming to develop an eco-friendly and cost-effective biosorbent for cationic brilliant green (BG) dye adsorption from aqueous media. Pistachio shells were mercerized in an alkaline environment, resulting in the treated adsorbent (PSNaOH). The morphological and structural features of the adsorbent were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy. The pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetic model best described the adsorption kinetics of the BG cationic dye onto PSNaOH biosorbents. In turn, the equilibrium data were best fitted to the Sips isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity decreased with temperature (from 52.42 mg/g at 300 K to 46.42 mg/g at 330 K). The isotherm parameters indicated improved affinity between the biosorbent surface and BG molecules at lower temperatures (300 K). The thermodynamic parameters estimated on the basis of the two approaches indicated a spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and exothermic (ΔH < 0) adsorption process. The design of experiments (DoE) and the response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to establish optimal conditions (sorbent dose (SD) = 4.0 g/L and initial concentration (C0) = 10.1 mg/L), yielding removal efficiency of 98.78%. Molecular docking simulations were performed to disclose the intermolecular interactions between the BG dye and lignocellulose-based adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra-Cristina Enache
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Corneliu Cojocaru
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petrisor Samoila
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Victor Ciornea
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 1 Ion Creangă Street, MD-2069 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Roxana Apolzan
- SC Cosfel Actual SRL, 95-97 Grivitei Street, 010705 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Predeanu
- Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly Technologies (CPMTE), University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valeria Harabagiu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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13
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Tao D, Tian C, Zhou Y, Pei L, Zhang F. Effective removal of brilliant green with magnetic barium phosphate composites: factor analysis and mechanism study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50364-50375. [PMID: 36795211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, magnetic barium phosphate (FBP) composites with different content of commercial Fe3O4 nanoparticles were easily prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. FBP composites with a magnetic content of 3% (FBP3) were studied as the example for the removal of an organic pollutant (Brilliant Green, BG) from the synthetic medium. The adsorption study was executed under the variation of different experimental conditions, such as solution pH (5 ~ 11), dosage (0.02 ~ 0.20 g), temperature (293 ~ 323 K), and the contact time (0 ~ 60 min) on the removal of BG. For comparison purposes, the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach and Doehlert matrix (DM) were both employed to investigate the factor impacts involved. FBP3 showed a high adsorption capacity of 1419.3 ± 10.0 mg/g for at 25 °C and pH = 6.31. The kinetics study revealed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model as the best-fitted model, and the thermodynamic data fit well with the Langmuir model. The possible adsorption mechanisms involved are the electrostatic interaction and/or hydrogen bonding of PO43-…N+/C-H and HSO4-…Ba2+ between FBP3 and BG. Furthermore, FBP3 showed good easy reusability and high capacities for BG removal. Our results provide new insights for developing low-cost, efficient, and reusable adsorbent to remove BG from industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tao
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengxuan Tian
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Luyao Pei
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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14
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Matebese F, Moutloali RM. Integrating Ultrafiltration Membranes with Flocculation and Activated Carbon Pretreatment Processes for Membrane Fouling Mitigation and Metal Ion Removal from Wastewater. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9074-9085. [PMID: 36936310 PMCID: PMC10018693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of metal ions in an aqueous medium is an ongoing challenge throughout the world. Processes employed for metal ion removal are developed continuously with the integration of these processes taking center stage. Herein, an integrated system consisting of flocculation, activated carbon (AC), and an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was assessed for the removal of multiple metal ions contained in wastewater generated from a university chemistry research laboratory. The quality of the wastewater was established before and further determined after treatment with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for metal content, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. Assessing the spent AC indicated minimal structural changes, indicating a potential for further reuse; for instance, the BET for both the pristine and spent AC exhibited type I isotherms with a mesoporous structure, indicating no major structural changes due to metal complexation. The relative performance of the integrated system indicated that the use of flocculation improved the water quality of metal-laden wastewater for safe disposal. The integrated treatment systems exhibited high removal efficiencies between 80 and 99.99% for all the metal ions except for Mn (<0.008 mg L-1) and Cr (<0.016 mg L-1) both at ca. 70%, indicative of the positive influence of the polyelectrolyte in the treatment process. The fabricated UiO-66-NH2@GO membranes (Z4 and Z5) exhibited high fouling resistance and reusability potential as well as relatively high pure water flux. Consequently, the integrated process employed for the treatment of laboratory metal-containing wastewater is promising as a generic approach to improving the quality of metal-containing wastewater to meet the standards of discharging limits in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funeka Matebese
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028Johannesburg, South Africa
- DSI/Mintek
Nanotechnology Innovation Center−UJ Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard M. Moutloali
- Institute
for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering
and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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Wang H, Wang W, Zhou S, Gao X. Adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) on woody-activated carbons. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13267. [PMID: 36798761 PMCID: PMC9925964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide guidance for the selection of woody-activated carbon in the treatment of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), the adsorption tests on two varieties of commercial woody-activated carbon powder from different manufacturers were carried out. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of activated carbon were studied by using elemental, chemical, and instrumental analyses. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) was discussed by investigating the factors affecting the removal of hexavalent chromium. The two kinds of woody-activated carbon have microporous and mesoporous structures. Commercial woody-activated carbon No.1 (ACI) has a more extensive specific surface area and a better-developed pore structure. While ACI exhibits a higher adsorption capability when the content of Cr(VI) is high, commercial woody-activated carbon No.2 (AC) can remove hexavalent chromium fast when the concentration is low. A rise in pH value is not helpful for the materials to remove Cr(VI) from solutions. For Cr(VI) removal, the optimum pH value is 2. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by AC and ACI followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The maximum adsorption value of Cr(VI) is 154.56 mg/g for AC and 241.55 mg/g for ACI. There is chemical adsorption during the Cr(VI) removal. A lot of Cr (Ⅲ) was formed by Cr(VI). The abundance of pores and the reducing ability of the materials are essential for the removal of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Low-Modified Coal, Yulin City, 719000, China,Corresponding author. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Chongwen Road No.51, Yulin City, 719000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wencheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China
| | - Song Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China
| | - Xuchun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Low-Modified Coal, Yulin City, 719000, China
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16
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Gul S, Gul A, Gul H, Khattak R, Ismail M, Khan SU, Khan MS, Aouissi HA, Krauklis A. Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Water Using Ficus benghalensis Tree Leaves as an Efficient Biosorbent. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020521. [PMID: 36676258 PMCID: PMC9866320 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of dyes in water stream is a major environmental problem that affects aquatic and human life negatively. Therefore, it is essential to remove dye from wastewater before its discharge into the water bodies. In this study, Banyan (Ficus benghalensis, F. benghalensis) tree leaves, a low-cost biosorbent, were used to remove brilliant green (BG), a cationic dye, from an aqueous solution. Batch model experiments were carried out by varying operational parameters, such as initial concentration of dye solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH of the solution, to obtain optimum conditions for removing BG dye. Under optimum conditions, maximum percent removal of 97.3% and adsorption capacity (Qe) value of 19.5 mg/g were achieved (at pH 8, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, dye concentration 50 ppm, and 60 min contact time). The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to the experimental data. The linear fit value, R2 of Freundlich adsorption isotherm, was 0.93, indicating its best fit to our experimental data. A kinetic study was also carried out by implementing the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption of BG on the selected biosorbent follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99), indicating that transfer of internal and external mass co-occurs. This study surfaces the excellent adsorption capacity of Banyan tree leaves to remove cationic BG dye from aqueous solutions, including tap water, river water, and filtered river water. Therefore, the selected biosorbent is a cost-effective and easily accessible approach for removing toxic dyes from industrial effluents and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 22101, Pakistan
| | - Azra Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 22101, Pakistan
| | - Hajera Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Khattak
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 22101, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 22101, Pakistan
| | | | - Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etude en Aménagement et Urbanisme (LREAU), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie (USTHB), Algiers 16000, Algeria
- Environmental Research Center (CRE), Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Andrejs Krauklis
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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17
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Kumar A, Upadhyay SN, Mishra PK, Mondal MK. Multivariable modeling, optimization and experimental study of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution using peanut shell biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114287. [PMID: 36087774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peanut shell biomass was selected and utilized to produce biochar through pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere at 923 K. After studying various effects of experimental parameters and by statistical modeling and optimization by RSM using Box-Benken design, optimized conditions of pH 2.0 ± 0.1, temperature 303 K, and adsorbent dose used of 2.5 g L-1 were obtained giving almost 99.99% removal for Cr(VI) from the solution. FESEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, EDX, elemental mapping, and pHzpc were used for the evaluation of the surface characteristics of peanut shell biochar (PSB). Studies revealed C-O, C-H, CO, and O-H functional groups' presence with the help of FTIR, majorly in control of adsorption mechanism and the EDX confirmed the presence of Cr(VI) onto peanut shell biochar (PSB). Further adsorption mechanism for Cr(VI) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order rate with adsorption capacity of 29.38 mg g-1 given by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic study confirmed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the process for Cr(VI) adsorption onto PSB. The adsorption mechanism showed electrostatic attraction, reduction, and complexation mainly responsible for Cr(VI) adsorption by PSB. Thus, PSB effectively removes Cr(VI) is confirmed by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Monoj Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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18
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Effect of Ti-doping on photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanocatalyst under sunlight irradiation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Kim HK, Anwer H, Park JW. Citric, succinic, and vanillic acid-functionalized magnetic-cored dendrimer for methylene blue adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:902-912. [PMID: 36193564 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2130646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new functional composite was synthesized in this study comprising magnetic-cored dendrimer (MCD) modified with citric acid (CA), succinic acid (SA), and vanillic acid (VA) terminal groups. The CA-MCD, SA-MCD, and VA-MCD exhibited average particle size of 8-18 nm and superparamagnetic behavior. Adsorption potential of the composite was assessed by monitoring methylene blue (MB) removal from contaminated water. The CA-MCD attained adsorption equilibrium in 30 min while SA-MCD and VA-MCD achieved equilibrium in 60 min. The Langmuir model better fitted the adsorption results than the Freundlich model, indicating a monolayer mode of MB adsorption on the composite. Maximum adsorption capacity of CA-MCD, SA-MCD, and VA-MCD was 216.30 mg/g, 184.29 mg/g, and 196.58 mg/g, respectively. The CA-MCD exhibited best adsorption performance by removing 99% MB at pH = 11. In reusability experiments, the CA-MCD, SA-MCD, and VA-MCD maintained over 90% MB adsorption for both 15 mg/L and 50 mg/L solutions in the third cycle. Overall, the organic acid-functionalized MCDs with high adsorption capacity and reusability potential showed utility for practical application for wastewater decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hassan Anwer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Adsorptive Detoxification of Congo Red and Brilliant Green Dyes Using Chemically Processed Brassica Oleracea Biowaste from Waste Water. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9995335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution being a potential risk to mankind is treated in several ways which includes chemical treatments. Among them, adsorption took a prominent position for the removal of many hazardous dyes from waste water. Here in this study, an environment-friendly, inexpensive, and broadly available leaves of Brassica oleracea were utilized for adsorption of two carcinogenic dyes, i.e., Congo red and brilliant green. The adsorbent Brassica oleracea leaves were collected, dried, and characterized by FTIR and SEM and then utilized in batch manner for dye removal. Isothermal modeling was carried out on data obtained after experiment which show the best fitting of Langmuir with
42.553 and 103.093 mg.g-1 for Congo red (CR) and brilliant green (BG), respectively. Consequently, a homogenous, monolayer mode of adsorption was followed. Kinetic modeling supported pseudosecond order and Elovich model in most suitable manner. It was also found that a spontaneous, exothermic process provided by the values of thermodynamic parameters (
,
, and
) was calculated.
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21
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Garlic Peel Surface Modification and Fixed-Bed Column Investigations towards Crystal Violet Dye. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6904842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic peel, a low-cost agro-waste, was explored as an adsorbent for the remediation of wastewater containing the crystal violet (CV) cationic dye. The garlic peel was treated with NaOH at 1 : 1.5 ratios in order to modify the surface and increase its porosity. The surface-modified garlic peel was ground to a smaller size in order to increase its surface area and used as an adsorbent in the continuous column investigations. Column parameters such as bed height, flow rate, and initial concentration were optimised and found that optimal removal efficiency was achieved at 3 ml rate of flow, 3 cm column depth, and 100 mg l-1 initial concentration. The surface-modified garlic peel exhibited a higher loading capacity of 99.9 mg g-1 towards CV at optimised conditions. SEM investigations confirmed the surface modification and increase in porosity of the garlic peel. The column data was tending to fit well with Thomas and Yoon-Nelson’s models suggesting the scalability to an industrial level. Regeneration of MGP was successful with 0.01 M HCl solution. These results conclude that garlic peel is a potential agro-waste material that can be used to mitigate water pollution.
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