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Wang Y, Shen J, Lang H, Shen F, Zhang L, Fang H, Yu Y. Elevated temperature magnifies the acute and chronic toxicity of clothianidin to Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124210. [PMID: 38795815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide residue and thermal stress resulting from global climate change are parallel stressors for soil fauna. However, it remains ambiguous how elevated temperatures and pesticides can interact to threaten soil fauna. In the study, the acute and chronic clothianidin (CTD) toxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at different temperatures, and the effect of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense mechanisms in response to CTD were investigated. The acute toxicity of CTD was exacerbated by increased temperature in both filter paper contact tests (a decrease in the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) from 0.077 μg/cm2 at 20 °C to 0.009 μg/cm2 at 30 °C) and natural soil tests (a decrease in the 48-h LC50 from 0.774 mg/kg at 20 °C to 0.199 mg/kg at 30 °C). Exposure to CTD or high temperature (30 °C) triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in earthworms; and the effect was particularly pronounced after exposure to both higher temperatures and CTD. At 20 and 25 °C, there was no significant change in the growth and reproduction of E. fetida after 56-d exposure to CTD-contaminated soil. However, the combined effect of CTD and high temperature (30 °C) significantly reduced the weight change rate, cocoon number, hatching rate, and number of juveniles on day 56. These results indicated that elevated temperature could aggravate acute and chronic CTD toxicity to earthworms. The findings emphasize that evaluating changes in pesticide toxicity under global warming is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiatao Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongbin Lang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Sruthi SN, Ramasamy EV, Shyleshchandran MN. Bioaccumulation of pesticide residue in earthworms collected from the agricultural soils of Kuttanad-a unique agroecosystem in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94940-94949. [PMID: 37542694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms encompass significant soil faunal biomass and have tremendous potential to provide vital ecosystem services. Earthworms are considered bioindicators of chemical contaminants and can provide early warnings of ecosystem deterioration. Studies pertaining to the accumulation of pesticide residues in earthworm in biomass in agrarian ecosystems are scarce. The Kuttanad agroecosystem (KAE), situated on the southwest coast of India, is one of the few regions globally supporting farming on land below the mean sea level. This investigation was conducted to assess the bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in earthworms from the KAE. The earthworms species Glyphidrilus annandalei collected from agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed for the presence of pesticides residues such as α-BHC, γ-BHC, atrazine, heptachlor, α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDT, β-endosulfan, and endrin ketone in their biomass. Analysis of the earthworm samples using a gas chromatograph revealed the presence of ten pesticide residues with notable concentrations (α-BHC, 0.36 ng/g; γ-BHC, 0.41 ng/g; heptachlor, 0.10 ng/g; atrazine, 0.89 ng/g; α-chlordane, 0.07 ng/g; γ-chlordane, 0.10 ng/g; 4,4-DDE, 0.05 ng/g; 4,4-DDD, 0.11 ng/g; 4,4-DDT, 0.31 ng/g; β-endosulfan, 0.19 ng/g; and endrin ketone, 0.13 ng/g). Six groups of pesticide residues are ΣBHC, ΣDDT, atrazine, Σchlordane, endrin ketone, and β-endosulfan were observed during bioaccumulation factor analysis, and the results show the following trend: atrazine > ΣBHC > ΣDDT > Σchlordane > Σendosulfan > Σendrin. As earthworms are a crucial component of this region's food chains, bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in earthworms can pause adverse consequences. Increasing trends in pesticide application in the KAE and bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in earthworm biomass can affect the entire food web.
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Aderjan E, Wagenhoff E, Kandeler E, Moser T. Natural soils in OECD 222 testing - influence of soil water and soil properties on earthworm reproduction toxicity of carbendazim. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:403-415. [PMID: 36854854 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil sorption properties can influence the bioavailability of substances and consequently the toxicity for soil organisms. Current standardised laboratory testing for the exposure assessment of pesticides to soil organisms uses OECD artificial soil that does not reflect the high variation in chemical-physical soil properties found in natural agroecosystems. According to guideline OECD 222, earthworm reproduction tests with Eisenia fetida and the pesticide carbendazim were performed in four natural soils and OECD artificial soil. By using pF 1.6, which ensures a uniformity in actual soil water availability, the control reproduction performance of E. fetida in all natural soils was at the same level as OECD artificial soil. In a principle component analysis, the variation in toxicity between the tested soils was attributable to a combination of two soil properties, namely total organic carbon content (TOC) and pH. The largest difference of 4.9-fold was found between the typical agricultural Luvisol with 1.03% TOC and pH 6.2 (EC10: 0.17 (0.12-0.21) mg a.i. kg-1 sdw, EC50: 0.36 (0.31-0.40) mg a.i. kg-1 sdw) and OECD artificial soil with 4.11% TOC and pH 5.6 (EC10: 0.84 (0.72-0.92) mg a.i. kg-1 sdw, EC50: 1.07 (0.99-1.15) mg a.i. kg-1 sdw). The use of typical agricultural soils in standardised laboratory earthworm testing was successfully established with using the measure pF for soil moisture adjustment. It provides a more application-oriented approach and could serve as a new tool to refine the environmental risk assessment at lower tier testing or in an intermediate tier based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aderjan
- Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox GmbH, Eutinger Straße 24, 75223, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany.
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Eiko Wagenhoff
- Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox GmbH, Eutinger Straße 24, 75223, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Moser
- Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox GmbH, Eutinger Straße 24, 75223, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
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Graciani TS, Bandeira FO, Cardoso EJBN, Alves PRL. Influence of temperature and soil moisture on the toxic potential of clothianidin to collembolan Folsomia candida in a tropical field soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:82-92. [PMID: 36648631 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can alter the toxic effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates. However, the nature and magnitude of the influence of climatic factors on clothianidin impacts in tropical soils are still unknown. The influence of increasing atmospheric temperature and the reduction in soil moisture on the toxicity and risk of clothianidin (seed dressing formulation Inside FS®) were assessed through chronic toxicity tests with collembolans Folsomia candida in a tropical field soil (Entisol). The risk of clothianidin for collembolans was estimated using the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER) approach. Organisms were exposed to increasing clothianidin concentrations at 20, 25 and 27 °C in combination with two soil moisture conditions (30 and 60% of the maximum water holding capacity-WHC). The effect of temperature and soil moisture content on clothianidin toxicity was verified through the number of F. candida juveniles generated after 28 days of exposure to the spiked soil. The toxicities estimated at 25 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.014 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.010 mg kg-1) and 27 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.006 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.007 mg kg-1) were 2.9-3.0-fold (25 °C) and 4.3-6.7-fold (27 °C) higher than those found at 20 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.040 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.030 mg kg-1), indicating that clothianidin toxicity increases with temperature. No clear influence of soil moisture content on clothianidin toxicity could be observed once the EC50 values estimated at 30% and 60% WHC, within the same temperature, did not significantly differ. A significant risk was detected in all temperatures and soil moisture scenarios studied, and the TER values indicate that the risk can increase with increasing temperatures. Our results revealed that temperature could overlap with soil moisture in regulating clothianidin toxicity and reinforce the importance of including climatic factors in the prospective risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Pitombeira de Figueirêdo L, Athayde DB, Pinto TJDS, Daam MA, Guerra GDS, Duarte-Neto PJ, Espíndola ELG. Influence of temperature on the toxicity of the elutriate from a pesticide contaminated soil to two cladoceran species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:956-966. [PMID: 35672617 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has become one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world. However, there are still few studies evaluating pesticide toxicity integrating local aquatic and terrestrial environments. In addition, there is growing concern about the influence of temperature conditions related with climate change on contaminants toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the elutriate toxicity of the insecticide Kraft® 36 EC (a.i. abamectin), the fungicide Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole) and their mixture to the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis, using model ecosystems (mesocosms). To this end, mesocosms were filled with natural soil and subjected to the following treatments: Control (Milli-Q water), Kraft (10.8 g abamectin ha-1), Score (20 g difenoconazole ha-1), and Kraft + Score (10.8 g abamectin ha-1 + 20 g difenoconazole ha-1). The experiment lasted 18 days, and the applications were made on days 1, 8, and 15; the occurrence of rainfall was simulated on days 1, 8, and 15 after applications and only rainfall simulation on days 4, 11, and 18. The experiment was conducted under two different temperatures: 23 °C and 33 °C. At 23 °C, single Kraft treatment and in combination with Score showed high toxicity to both cladocerans. At 33 °C, elutriate of the Kraft® and mixture treatments were highly toxic to D. similis but not to C. silvestrii. The results indicate that while Kraft had higher toxicity than Score to both cladocerans, this toxicity was counteracted at 33 °C only for the exotic species, D. similis. The results portray the complexity of pesticide toxicity when considering realistic experimental settings including different organisms and temperature treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pitombeira de Figueirêdo
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Danillo B Athayde
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Glauce da Silva Guerra
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
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Cho S, Lee SH, Kim S. Determination of the optimal maturation temperature for adult honey bee toxicity testing. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109359. [PMID: 35508268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Honey bees are exposed to various pesticides through pollinating and in-hive Varroa mite control. The most basic method for evaluating pesticide toxicity is the indoor bioassay using worker bees, in which newly emerged adults are matured in incubators for conditioning before use. However, little information is available on the optimum maturation temperature from a toxicological point of view, even though it can affect honey bee responses to pesticides. In this paper, to evaluate the optimal maturation temperature for pesticide toxicity testing, several indices related to the development, gene transcription, and toxicological properties of honey bee adults following maturation at 25, 30, and 35 °C were compared with those of field bees. The body weight and developmental state of hypopharyngeal glands were highest in the bees matured at 30 °C, and the overall transcription profiles of detoxification-related genes in the field bees were closest to those of bees matured at 30 °C, whereas immaturity and features of thermal stress were observed in the 25 °C and 35 °C bee groups, respectively. In the bioassay results, the effects of maturation temperature on the toxic response of honey bees varied significantly depending on the type of pesticide. By considering all the biological and toxicological aspects examined, we confirmed that 30 °C is a recommended maturation temperature for adult honey bee toxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Billet LS, Belskis A, Hoverman JT. Temperature affects the toxicity of pesticides to cercariae of the trematode Echinostoma trivolvis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 245:106102. [PMID: 35151071 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is predicted to have significant impacts on ecological interactions such as host-parasite relationships. Increased temperatures may also interact with other anthropogenic stressors, such as chemical contaminants, to exacerbate or reduce parasite transmission. However, studies on the effects of pesticides on non-target species are typically conducted at one standard temperature, despite the toxicity of many agrochemicals being temperature-dependent. Furthermore, most studies assessing the effects of temperature on pesticide toxicity have been conducted on host organisms, limiting our understanding of how temperature affects the toxicity of pesticides to free-living parasite stages as they move through the environment in search of a host. Using the free-swimming cercariae stage of the trematode Echinostoma trivolvis, we examined how the toxicities of three different pesticides (a carbamate insecticide, strobilurin fungicide, and triazine herbicide) vary by temperature by monitoring cercarial swimming activity over time. Our three main findings were: 1) a strong main effect of temperature across all pesticide trials - higher temperatures caused cercariae to cease swimming activity earlier, likely due to an increased rate of energy expenditure, 2) atrazine, azoxystrobin, and carbaryl were directly toxic to cercariae to some degree, but not in a predictable dose-dependent manner, and 3) the temperature at which pesticide exposure occurs could affect its toxicity to cercariae. The interaction between pesticide and temperature was most evident in the azoxystrobin exposure; azoxystrobin caused cercariae to cease swimming activity earlier at 30 °C but caused cercariae to maintain swimming activity longer at 18 °C relative to their respective pesticide-free control treatments. These findings highlight the importance of conducting toxicity assays at multiple temperatures and suggest that the combined effects of pesticides and temperature on host-parasite interactions may be difficult to generalize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan S Billet
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Alice Belskis
- Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, United States
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Toxicity of Pesticides towards Earthworms. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:8527991. [PMID: 34456999 PMCID: PMC8397574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8527991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examined one of the effects of climate change that has only recently received attention, i.e., climate change impacts on the distribution and toxicity of chemical contaminants in the environment. As ecosystem engineers, earthworms are potentially threatened by the increasing use of pesticides. Increases in temperature, precipitation regime changes, and related extreme climate events can potentially affect pesticide toxicity. This review of original research articles, reviews, and governmental and intergovernmental reports focused on the interactions between toxicants and environmental parameters. The latter included temperature, moisture, acidification, hypoxia, soil carbon cycle, and soil dynamics, as altered by climate change. Dynamic interactions between climate change and contaminants can be particularly problematic for organisms since organisms have an upper and lower physiological range, resulting in impacts on their acclimatization capacity. Climate change variables such as temperature and soil moisture also have an impact on acidification. An increase in temperature will impact precipitation which might impact soil pH. Also, an increase in precipitation can result in flooding which can reduce the population of earthworms by not giving juvenile earthworms enough time to develop into reproductive adults. As an independent stressor, hypoxia can affect soil organisms, alter bioavailability, and increase the toxicity of chemicals in some cases. Climate change variables, especially temperature and soil moisture, significantly affect the bioavailability of pesticides in the soil and the growth and reproduction of earthworm species.
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Han C, Kim HJ, Lee JS, Sakakura Y, Hagiwara A. Species-specific effects of iron on temperate and tropical marine rotifers in reproduction, lipid and ROS metabolisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130317. [PMID: 33780671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two euryhaline rotifers, the temperate species Brachionus plicatilis and tropical species Brachionus rotundiformis, were used to investigate the effects of iron (FeSO4·7H2O), an essential trace metal, on reproductive patterns and lifetables, including the metabolism of lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). B. plicatilis was more sensitive to iron with regard to sexual reproduction. While iron had no significant effect on the population growth at 0-48 μg/mL, it caused a decrease in the resting egg production. B. plicatilis exposed to 6 and 12 μg/mL of iron showed an increase in the intracellular ROS levels and a decrease in the neutral lipid content in sexual organs, accompanied by downregulation of antioxidant components CuZnSOD and two cytochromes (CYP clan 2&3). These patterns suggested that iron-induced oxidative stress was not neutralized by its antioxidant defense system, thus negatively affecting the fecundity of fertilized mictic females. However, B. rotundiformis showed a dose-dependent increase in population growth with extended lifespan and positive sexual reproduction in response to 0-24 μg/mL iron. Furthermore, compared to Fe-exposed B. plicatilis, B. rotundiformis showed better antioxidant mechanism, whereas genes involved in lipid synthesis (citrate lyase, mitochondrial CYP) and reproduction (vasa, sirtuin-2) were significantly upregulated compared to the control, implying that B. rotundiformis was likely to have higher resilience in response to iron-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that iron is likely to cause interspecific interactions in the B. plicatilis species complex, whereas the tropical species B. rotundiformis may have evolved an effective defense mechanism against iron-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Han
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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Short S, Robinson A, Lahive E, Green Etxabe A, Hernádi S, Pereira MG, Kille P, Spurgeon DJ. Off-Target Stoichiometric Binding Identified from Toxicogenomics Explains Why Some Species Are More Sensitive than Others to a Widely Used Neonicotinoid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3059-3069. [PMID: 33559465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are currently licensed for use in 120 countries, making accurate nontarget species sensitivity predictions critical. Unfortunately, such predictions are fraught with uncertainty, as sensitivity is extrapolated from only a few test species and neonicotinoid sensitivities can differ greatly between closely related taxa. Combining classical toxicology with de novo toxicogenomics could greatly improve sensitivity predictions and identify unexpectedly susceptible species. We show that there is a >30-fold differential species sensitivity (DSS) for the neonicotinoid imidacloprid between five earthworm species, a critical nontarget taxon. This variation could not be explained by differential toxicokinetics. Furthermore, comparing key motif expression in subunit genes of the classical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) target predicts only minor differences in the ligand binding domains (LBDs). In contrast, predicted dissimilarities in LBDs do occur in the highly expressed but nonclassical targets, acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBPs). Critically, the predicted AChBP divergence is capable of explaining DSS. We propose that high expression levels of putative nonsynaptic AChBPs with high imidacloprid affinities reduce imidacloprid binding to critical nAChRs involved in vital synaptic neurotransmission. This study provides a clear example of how pragmatic interrogation of key motif expression in complex multisubunit receptors can predict observed DSS, thereby informing sensitivity predictions for essential nontarget species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Short
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Szabolcs Hernádi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
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Bandeira FO, Lopes Alves PR, Hennig TB, Toniolo T, Natal-da-Luz T, Baretta D. Effect of temperature on the toxicity of imidacloprid to Eisenia andrei and Folsomia candida in tropical soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115565. [PMID: 33254719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of temperature on the chronic toxicity and risk of imidacloprid to soil non-target species was assessed in tropical soils. Earthworms Eisenia andrei and collembolans Folsomia candida were exposed to a tropical artificial soil (TAS) and two natural tropical soils from Brazil (Entisol and Oxisol) with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid under atmospheric temperatures of 20, 25 and 28 °C. The effect of temperature on the reproduction of both species was assessed through the number of juveniles and earthworm's growth, and the risk associated was estimated through the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER). Toxicity of imidacloprid increased with temperature in all tested soils, being generally lower in TAS soil (EC50s of 1.48, 0.66 and 0.40 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.3, 0.2 and 0.06 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) compared to Entisol (EC50s of 0.19, 0.03 and 0.14 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) and Oxisol (EC50s of 0.21, 0.07, 0.06 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.16, 0.09, 0.06 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) within each temperature for both species. These values indicate that properties of TAS may not be representative of natural/local soils to adequately estimate the toxicity of pesticides to non-target soil species. At higher temperatures, the variability of imidacloprid toxicity between soils was lower, which suggests that the influence of soil properties on imidacloprid toxicity was overshadowed by temperature. TER values revealed that risk is also greater at higher temperatures. Data reported enforce the need for the inclusion of more realistic conditions in single-species tests in prospective risk assessment of pesticides to avoid underestimation of risk to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Tânia Toniolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil; Centro de Educação Superior Do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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12
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Tariba Lovaković B, Kašuba V, Katić A, Kopjar N, Marjanović Čermak AM, Micek V, Milić M, Pavičić I, Pizent A, Žunec S, Želježić D. Evaluation of oxidative stress responses and primary DNA damage in blood and brain of rats exposed to low levels of tembotrione. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126643. [PMID: 32278190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tembotrione is a rather novel pesticide, usually used for post-emergence weed control. Even though its use is rapidly growing, it is not followed by an adequate flow of scientific evidence regarding its toxicity towards non-target organisms. We evaluated the potential of low doses of tembotrione to induce oxidative stress and cytogenetic damage in blood and brain cells of adult male Wistar rats. Parameters of lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes and primary DNA damage were assessed following 28-day repeated oral exposure to doses comparable with the currently proposed health-based reference values. The results of the alkaline comet assay showed that such low doses of tembotrione have the potency to inflict primary DNA damage in both peripheral blood leukocytes and brain of treated rats, even with only slight changes in the oxidative biomarker levels. The DNA damage in blood and brain cells of Wistar rats significantly increased at all applied doses, suggesting that tembotrione genotoxicity is mainly a result of direct interaction with DNA while the induction of oxidative stress responses contributes to DNA instability in a lesser extent. The findings of the present study call for further research using other sensitive biomarkers of effect and different exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Katić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Animal Breeding Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Singh J, Schädler M, Demetrio W, Brown GG, Eisenhauer N. Climate change effects on earthworms - a review. SOIL ORGANISMS 2019; 91:114-138. [PMID: 31908681 PMCID: PMC6944501 DOI: 10.25674/so91iss3pp114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Climate change can have a plethora of effects on organisms above and below the ground in terrestrial ecosystems. Given the tremendous biodiversity in the soil and the many ecosystem functions governed by soil organisms, the drivers of soil biodiversity have received increasing attention. Various climatic factors like temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, as well as extreme climate events like drought and flood have been shown to alter the composition and functioning of communities in the soil. Earthworms are important ecosystem engineers in the soils of temperate and tropical climates and play crucial roles for many ecosystem services, including decomposition, nutrient cycling, and crop yield. Here, we review the published literature on climate change effects on earthworm communities and activity. In general, we find highly species- and ecological group-specific responses to climate change, which are likely to result in altered earthworm community composition in future ecosystems. Earthworm activity, abundance, and biomass tend to increase with increasing temperature at sufficiently high soil water content, while climate extremes like drought and flooding have deleterious effects. Changing climate conditions may facilitate the invasion of earthworms at higher latitudes and altitudes, while dryer and warmer conditions may limit earthworm performance in other regions of the world. The present summary of available information provides a first baseline for predictions of future earthworm distribution. It also reveals the shortage of studies on interacting effects of multiple global change effects on earthworms, such as potential context-dependent effects of climate change at different soil pollution levels and across ecosystem types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, G.T Road, 143002 Punjab, India
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06110 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06110 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wilian Demetrio
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - George G Brown
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira Km. 111, 83411-000 Colombo, Brazil
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06110 Halle, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Velki M, Weltmeyer A, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Acute toxicities and effects on multixenobiotic resistance activity of eight pesticides to the earthworm Eisenia andrei. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4821-4832. [PMID: 30569353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of deleterious effects on non-target species, including earthworms, have been conducted for a number of pesticides, but there is a need for additional assessments of potential adverse effects. In the present study, the acute toxicity of eight pesticides to the earthworm Eisenia andrei was assessed and compared. The exposures were conducted using the filter paper contact toxicity method. Based on the 48-h LC50 values, one pesticide was classified as supertoxic (combined fungicide containing difenoconazole and fludioxonil), four as extremely toxic (combined herbicide containing pethoxamide and terbuthylazine, combined fungicide containing fluopyram and tebuconazole, fungicide containing pyrimethanil, and combined fungicide containing thiram and carboxin), two as very toxic (combined fungicide containing flutriafol and thiabendazole, and herbicide containing fluroxypyr-meptyl), and one as moderately toxic (insecticide containing thiamethoxam). Additionally, effects of pesticides on the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity were measured. Results showed that four pesticides caused significant effects with a recorded inhibition of the activity, which can consequently lead to a higher toxicity due to longer retention of the pesticides in the cells. Finally, for three chosen pesticides, gene expression of cat, sod, and gst was measured, and significant changes were observed. The obtained results show that earthworms could be significantly affected by pesticides commonly used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Antonia Weltmeyer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Lackmann C, Velki M, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Herbicides diuron and fluazifop-p-butyl affect avoidance response and multixenobiotic resistance activity in earthworm Eisenia andrei. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:110-119. [PMID: 29986216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The usage of pesticides has been steadily increasing over the last decades, and among them herbicides are the most commonly used ones. Despite their main mode of action targeting plant organisms, they can also have adverse effects on non-target animal organisms. In soil ecosystems, earthworms play an important role due to their positive impacts on the soil functioning and they represent good model organisms in soil ecotoxicology. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of two herbicides on several endpoints at different levels of biological organization in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Diuron and fluazifop-p-butyl were selected for the investigation and their lethal concentrations were determined: LC50 48 h: 89.087 μg/cm2 for diuron and 6.167 μg/cm2 for fluazifop-p-butyl. Furthermore, measurements of enzymatic biomarkers (catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)), multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes (only for fluazifop-p-butyl) were conducted. Enzymatic biomarker responses showed no significant differences compared to the control after the exposure to the investigated herbicides, whereas the MXR activity was significantly inhibited. The gene expression level of superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione S-transferase (gst) after fluazifop-p-butyl exposure showed a significant increase. Finally, avoidance behavior in soil was assessed and it was determined that both herbicides caused significant avoidance response. The obtained results show that both investigated herbicides significantly affect earthworms on different levels of biological organization. This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment of herbicide effects on non-target organisms at all organizational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lackmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Hackenberger DK, Stjepanović N, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Acute and subchronic effects of three herbicides on biomarkers and reproduction in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:722-730. [PMID: 29894974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are exposed to herbicides both through their skin and digestive system. Herbicides can influence earthworms' survival, physiology and reproduction. However, there is a lack of data on herbicide effects on earthworms as they are often regarded as low or non-toxic. The aim of our study was to investigate whether widely used commercial formulations of glyphosate (GLF), tembotrione (TBT) and nicosulfuron (NCS) each applied at three environmentally relevant concentrations have adverse effects on various biomarkers and reproduction in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. The activities of measured biomarkers varied depending on the herbicide used and the exposure duration and suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the toxicity of tested herbicides. Namely, GLF caused an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity induction after seven days, and NCS after 28 days, while TBT caused an inhibition up to 47% (6.6 μg kgdw soil-1) after seven days. Only TBT caused a significant change (H2 = 13.96, p = 0.002) to catalase (CAT) after seven days of exposure. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) were increased all the time after NCS exposure, but only after seven days in GLF and 28 days in TBT treatments, respectively. The tested herbicides did not have a significant effect on reproduction success, expect of NCS which increased the number of juveniles (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Lončarić
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Branimir K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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17
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The Fate of Chemical Pollutants with Soil Properties and Processes in the Climate Change Paradigm—A Review. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants are two major groups of pollutants in soils. The fate and exposure of such pollutants in soil depends on their chemical properties, speciation, and soil properties. Soil properties and processes that control the toxicological aspects of pollutants include temperature, moisture, organic matter, mineral fractions, and microbial activities. These processes are vulnerable to climate change associated with global warming, including increased incidences of extreme rainfall, extended dry periods, soil erosion, and a rise in sea level. Here we explain evidence that relates to the effects of climate change-driven soil processes on the mobility, transport, and storage of pollutants in soil. The review found that changes in climate could increase human exposure to soil contaminants mainly due to processes involving soil organic carbon (SOC), surface runoff, redox state, and microbial community. However, uncertainties remain in relation to the extent of contaminant toxicity to human health, which is linked to global change drivers.
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18
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Feng J, Yang G, Zhang S, Liu Q, Jafari SM, McClements DJ. Fabrication and characterization of β-cypermethrin-loaded PLA microcapsules prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation: loading and release properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13525-13535. [PMID: 29492820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsulses can be designed to effectively encapsulate, protect, and control the release of pesticides. In this study, emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used to fabricate microcapsules using dichloromethane as the solvent, polylactic acid (PLA) as the carrier materials, poly(vinyl alcohol) as the emulsifier, and β-cypermethrin as the entrapped pesticide. The effects of process parameters on the microcapsules characteristics (size, loading content, and encapsulation efficiency) were investigated. Also, the release behavior of the β-cypermethrin was measured experimentally and modeled mathematically. Kinetic analysis indicated that release mechanism of β-cypermethrin was compatible to Fickian diffusion. By optimizing the process parameters, β-cypermethrin-loaded microcapsules were successfully produced with spherical shape, smooth surface, high encapsulation efficiency (> 80%), and a range of pesticide contents. These parameters could be adjusted to achieve delivery systems with desirable release profiles. The results are beneficial to develop delivery systems for rational and effective usage of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Feng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Guantian Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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19
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Liu T, Zhang X, Wang X, Chen D, Li Y, Wang F. Comparative toxicity and bioaccumulation of two dinotefuran metabolites, UF and DN, in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:988-996. [PMID: 29665639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dinotefuran, as the latest generation of neonicotinoid insecticide, has broad application prospects around the world. However, dinotefuran is easily metabolized and the two main metabolites are 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidium dihydrogen (DN). In the present study, the risks of UF and DN in soil on typical non-target species earthworm were investigated. In the same time, the degradation in soil and accumulation in earthworms of UF and DN were monitored. The present results showed that the toxicities of UF and DN were similar in their effect on earthworms and they were supertoxic pollutants to earthworms. The degradation trend in soil and accumulation trend in earthworms of UF and DN were consistent throughout the whole exposure period. At 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, UF and DN could induce the excess production of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress effects in earthworm cells. The excess ROS induce changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, damage in biomacromolecules, and abnormal expression of function genes. The present results showed that UF and DN may have high risks for earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
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20
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Briones MJI, Schmidt O. Conventional tillage decreases the abundance and biomass of earthworms and alters their community structure in a global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4396-4419. [PMID: 28464547 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of less intensive soil cultivation practices is expected to increase earthworm populations and their contributions to ecosystem functioning. However, conflicting results have been reported on the effects of tillage intensity on earthworm populations, attributed in narrative reviews to site-dependent differences in soil properties, climatic conditions and agronomic operations (e.g. fertilization, residue management and chemical crop protection). We present a quantitative review based on a global meta-analysis, using paired observations from 165 publications performed over 65 years (1950-2016) across 40 countries on five continents, to elucidate this long-standing unresolved issue. Results showed that disturbing the soil less (e.g. no-tillage and conservation agriculture [CA]) significantly increased earthworm abundance (mean increase of 137% and 127%, respectively) and biomass (196% and 101%, respectively) compared to when the soil is inverted by conventional ploughing. Earthworm population responses were more pronounced when the soil had been under reduced tillage (RT) for a long time (>10 years), in warm temperate zones with fine-textured soils, and in soils with higher clay contents (>35%) and low pH (<5.5). Furthermore, retaining organic harvest residues amplified this positive response to RT, whereas the use of the herbicide glyphosate did not significantly affect earthworm population responses to RT. Additional meta-analyses confirmed that epigeic and, more importantly, the bigger-sized anecic earthworms were the most sensitive ecological groups to conventional tillage. In particular, the deep burrower Lumbricus terrestris exhibited the strongest positive response to RT, increasing in abundance by 124% more than the overall mean of all 13 species analysed individually. The restoration of these two important ecological groups of earthworms and their burrowing, feeding and casting activities under various forms of RT will ensure the provision of ecosystem functions such as soil structure maintenance and nutrient cycling by "nature's plough."
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús I Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Dumas E, Giraudo M, Goujon E, Halma M, Knhili E, Stauffert M, Batisson I, Besse-Hoggan P, Bohatier J, Bouchard P, Celle-Jeanton H, Costa Gomes M, Delbac F, Forano C, Goupil P, Guix N, Husson P, Ledoigt G, Mallet C, Mousty C, Prévot V, Richard C, Sarraute S. Fate and ecotoxicological impact of new generation herbicides from the triketone family: An overview to assess the environmental risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:136-156. [PMID: 27930998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triketones, derived chemically from a natural phytotoxin (leptospermone), are a good example of allelochemicals as lead molecules for the development of new herbicides. Targeting a new and key enzyme involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, these latest-generation herbicides (sulcotrione, mesotrione and tembotrione) were designed to be eco-friendly and commercialized fifteen-twenty years ago. The mechanisms controlling their fate in different ecological niches as well as their toxicity and impact on different organisms or ecosystems are still under investigation. This review combines an overview of the results published in the literature on β-triketones and more specifically, on the commercially-available herbicides and includes new results obtained in our interdisciplinary study aiming to understand all the processes involved (i) in their transfer from the soil to the connected aquatic compartments, (ii) in their transformation by photochemical and biological mechanisms but also to evaluate (iii) the impacts of the parent molecules and their transformation products on various target and non-target organisms (aquatic microorganisms, plants, soil microbial communities). Analysis of all the data on the fate and impact of these molecules, used pure, as formulation or in cocktails, give an overall guide for the assessment of their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dumas
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Giraudo
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - E Goujon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR PIAF 547, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Halma
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - E Knhili
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Stauffert
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France; Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - I Batisson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P Besse-Hoggan
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.
| | - J Bohatier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P Bouchard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - H Celle-Jeanton
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6524, LMV, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - M Costa Gomes
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - F Delbac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Forano
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P Goupil
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR PIAF 547, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - N Guix
- INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France; VetAgro Sup, 89 avenue de l'Europe, BP 35, 63370 Lempdes, France; UMR Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRA-UBP, UMR 1095, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Husson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - G Ledoigt
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR PIAF 547, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Mallet
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Mousty
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - V Prévot
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C Richard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - S Sarraute
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France
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Velki M, Ečimović S. Important Issues in Ecotoxicological Investigations Using Earthworms. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 239:157-184. [PMID: 27161559 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance and beneficial effects of earthworms on soil structure and quality is well-established. In addition, earthworms have proved to be important model organisms for investigation of pollutant effects on soil ecosystems. In ecotoxicological investigations effects of various pollutants on earthworms were assessed. But some important issues regarding the effects of pollutants on earthworms still need to be comprehensively addressed. In this review several issues relevant to soil ecotoxicological investigations using earthworms are emphasized and guidelines that should be adopted in ecotoxicological investigations using earthworms are given. The inclusion of these guidelines in ecotoxicological studies will contribute to the better quantification of impacts of pollutants and will allow more accurate prediction of the real field effects of pollutants to earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, 31000, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Ečimović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, 31000, Croatia
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