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Fattal J, Giljen M, Vargas T, Damme KSF, Calkins ME, Pinkham AE, Mittal VA. A Developmental Perspective on Early and Current Motor Abnormalities and Psychotic-Like Symptoms. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae062. [PMID: 38728386 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are prevalent in the general population and, because they represent a lower end of the psychosis vulnerability spectrum, may be useful in informing mechanistic understanding. Although it is well-understood that motor signs characterize formal psychotic disorders, the developmental trajectory of these features and their relationships with PLEs are less well-understood. STUDY DESIGN Data from 7559 adolescents and young adults (age 11-21) in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were used to investigate whether early-life milestone-attainment delays relate to current adolescent sensorimotor functioning and positive and negative PLEs. Current sensorimotor functioning was assessed using the Computerized Finger Tapping task (assessing motor slowing) and Mouse Practice task (assessing sensorimotor planning). STUDY RESULTS Early developmental abnormalities were related to current adolescent-aged motor slowing (t(7415.3) = -7.74, corrected-P < .001) and impaired sensorimotor planning (t(7502.5) = 5.57, corrected-P < .001). There was a significant interaction between developmental delays and current sensorimotor functioning on positive and negative PLEs (t = 1.67-4.51), such that individuals with early developmental delays had a stronger positive relationship between sensorimotor dysfunction and PLEs. Importantly, interaction models were significantly better at explaining current PLEs than those treating early and current sensorimotor dysfunction independently (χ2 = 4.89-20.34). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a relationship between early developmental delays and current sensorimotor functioning in psychosis proneness and inform an understanding of heterotypic continuity as well as a neurodevelopmental perspective of motor circuits. Furthermore, results indicate that motor signs are a clear factor in the psychosis continuum, suggesting that they may represent a core feature of psychosis vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fattal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maksim Giljen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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2
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Edvardsen E, Moszkowicz M, Olsen AL, Heinrichsen M, Pagsberg AK. Clinical and sociodemographic features in offspring aged 0-3 years of mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A descriptive cross-sectional study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:147-167. [PMID: 38072917 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Offspring of parents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disturbances. However, the ability to provide very early interventions to support these children and their families requires profound knowledge regarding characteristic features of both the parents and their offspring. Information on this subject is currently sparse. The aim of the present study is to investigate clinical and sociodemographic variables in offspring in the age range of 0-3 years of mothers diagnosed with SSD. METHODS The study is descriptive with a cross-sectional design and includes parent-child dyads consisting of mothers diagnosed with SSD (ICD-10: F20-29) and their offspring aged 0-3 years, who were referred for examination and intervention at the infant and toddler psychiatric units, at the Mental Health Services, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals in two locations (Bispebjerg and Glostrup). Clinical and sociodemographic data were extracted from the Copenhagen "Infant Psychiatric Database" and processed by descriptive analysis. RESULTS Out of 95 parent-child dyads considered for the study population, 85 were included. 27.8% of the mothers had psychiatric comorbidities, and 18.9% of the fathers had a psychiatric diagnosis at the time of investigation. Of the children, 89.7% were born full term (≥37th week) and most of them had a birth weight of ≥2500 g (81.8%). Of the mothers, 50% had experienced pregnancy complications of varying severity. Birth complications were seen in 62.9% of the dyads. Psychopathology was identified in 50% of the children at age 0-3 years, and 62.2% of the parent-child dyads appeared to have an affected relationship. CONCLUSION Results show widespread psychopathology in offspring aged 0-3 years of mothers with SSD. Moreover, several psychosocial stressors, clinical parental features, and relational disturbances are identified. These results contribute to a better understanding and identification of early risk markers of long-term psychopathology in this infant patient group, and hence serve as potential targets for early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Edvardsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mala Moszkowicz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Lise Olsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michella Heinrichsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Adraoui FW, Douw L, Martens GJM, Maas DA. Connecting Neurobiological Features with Interregional Dysconnectivity in Social-Cognitive Impairments of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097680. [PMID: 37175387 PMCID: PMC10177877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of the world's population. Social-cognitive impairments in SZ prevent positive social interactions and lead to progressive social withdrawal. The neurobiological underpinnings of social-cognitive symptoms remain poorly understood, which hinders the development of novel treatments. At the whole-brain level, an abnormal activation of social brain regions and interregional dysconnectivity within social-cognitive brain networks have been identified as major contributors to these symptoms. At the cellular and subcellular levels, an interplay between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction is thought to underly SZ pathology. However, it is not clear how these molecular processes are linked with interregional dysconnectivity in the genesis of social-cognitive symptoms. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between macroscale (connectivity analyses) and microscale (molecular and cellular mechanistic) knowledge by proposing impaired myelination and the disinhibition of local microcircuits as possible causative biological pathways leading to dysconnectivity and abnormal activity of the social brain. Furthermore, we recommend electroencephalography as a promising translational technique that can foster pre-clinical drug development and discuss attractive drug targets for the treatment of social-cognitive symptoms in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Adraoui
- Biotrial, Preclinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Linda Douw
- Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience (DCN), Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NeuroDrug Research Ltd., 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien A Maas
- Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Carey E, Healy C, Perry Y, Gillan D, Whitehouse AJO, Cannon M, Lin A. Evidence that infant and early childhood developmental impairments are associated with hallucinatory experiences: results from a large, population-based cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2116-2124. [PMID: 34583789 PMCID: PMC10106299 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and motor dysfunction are hallmark features of the psychosis continuum, and have been detected during late childhood and adolescence in youth who report psychotic experiences (PE). However, previous investigations have not explored infancy and early childhood development. It remains unclear whether such deficits emerge much earlier in life, and whether they are associated with psychotic, specifically hallucinatory, experiences (HE). METHODS This study included data from Gen2 participants of The Raine Study (n = 1101), a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Western Australia. Five areas of childhood development comprising: communication; fine motor; gross motor; adaptive (problem-solving); and personal-social skills, were assessed serially at ages 1, 2 and 3 years. Information on HE, depression and anxiety at ages 10, 14 and 17 years was obtained. HE were further subdivided into those with transient or recurrent experiences. Mixed effects logistic regression models and cumulative risk analyses based on multiple domain delays were performed. RESULTS Early poorer development in multiple areas was noted from ages 1, 2 and 3 years among youth who reported HE. Early developmental delays significantly increased the risk for later HE. This association was particularly marked in the recurrent HE group, with over 40% having early developmental delays in multiple domains. There was no significant association between early childhood development and later anxiety/depression apart from lower gross motor scores at age 3. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that early pan-developmental deficits are associated with later HE, with the effect strongest for young people who report recurrent HE throughout childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Carey
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yael Perry
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Diane Gillan
- Department of Psychology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Behdani F, Hassanzadeh B, Eslamzadeh M, Moradi M, Hebrani P, Dadgarmoghaddam M, Shamsaki N. Can levetiracetam improve clinical symptoms in schizophrenic patients? A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:159-165. [PMID: 35661659 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is associated with persistent cognitive deficits, which worsen treatment outcomes despite increasing antipsychotic doses. This study aimed to assess the effect of levetiracetam on the severity of schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, controlled, three-blind randomized clinical trial approved by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran (IRCT20101130005280N31), forty chronic schizophrenic patients aged 18-60 years were randomly divided into two groups of levetiracetam and placebo. The levetiracetam group received levetiracetam for 8 weeks. The symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Stroop test, Digit Span test and Wisconsin Test at baseline, 4th week, and 8th week. Data were analyzed through SPSS V. 23 software, descriptive tests and inferential statistics. RESULTS At the end of the study, all subscales of the PANSS questionnaire reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Also, all subscales of the cognitive tests had significant changes. The trends of digit span tests, correct number of consonants and inconsonant were increasing. While the trends related to consonant errors, inconsistent errors, consistent reaction time and nonconsistent reaction time were decreasing. The changes in the number of classes were increased while changes in preservation error were decreased. CONCLUSION The results showed that levetiracetam has significant effects on clinical symptoms, especially negative symptoms. Also, it impacts significantly on cognitive functions. It is recommended that it be added to the pharmacological regimen of these patients to improve their clinical symptoms, quality of life and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Behdani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Behnaz Hassanzadeh
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Eslamzadeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Marjan Moradi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Paria Hebrani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Negar Shamsaki
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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Damme KSF, Schiffman J, Ellman LM, Mittal VA. Sensorimotor and Activity Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale: An Exploration of Scale Structure With Replication and Validation. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:332-343. [PMID: 33047134 PMCID: PMC7965079 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorimotor abnormalities precede and predict the onset of psychosis. Despite the practical utility of sensorimotor abnormalities for early identification, prediction, and individualized medicine applications, there is currently no dedicated self-report instrument designed to capture these important behaviors. The current study assessed and validated a questionnaire designed for use in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). METHODS The current study included both exploratory (n = 3009) and validation (n = 439) analytic datasets-that included individuals identified as meeting criteria for a CHR syndrome (n = 84)-who completed the novel Sensorimotor Abnormalities and Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale, clinical interviews and a finger-tapping task. The structure of the scale and reliability of items were consistent across 2 analytic datasets. The resulting scales were assessed for discriminant validity across CHR, community sample non-psychiatric volunteer, and clinical groups. RESULTS The scale showed a consistent structure across 2 analytic datasets subscale structure. The resultant subscale structure was consistent with conceptual models of sensorimotor pathology in psychosis (coordination and dyskinesia) in both the exploratory and the validation analytic dataset. Further, these subscales showed discriminant, predictive, and convergent validity. The sensorimotor abnormality scales discriminated CHR from community sample non-psychiatric controls and clinical samples. Finally, these subscales predicted to risk calculator scores and showed convergent validity with sensorimotor performance on a finger-tapping task. CONCLUSION The SMAP-R scale demonstrated good internal, discriminant, predictive, and convergent validity, and subscales mapped on to conceptually relevant sensorimotor circuits. Features of the scale may facilitate widespread incorporation of sensorimotor screening into psychosis-risk research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL
| | | | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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7
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Masi G, Berloffa S, Milone A, Brovedani P. Social withdrawal and gender differences: Clinical phenotypes and biological bases. J Neurosci Res 2021; 101:751-763. [PMID: 33550643 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from everyday life suggests that differences in social behaviors between males and females exist, both in animal and in humans. These differences can be related to socio-cultural determinants, but also to specialized portions of the brain (the social brain), from the neurotransmitter to the neural network level. The high vulnerability of this system is expressed by the wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with social dysfunctions, particularly social withdrawal. The principal psychiatric disorders with prominent social withdrawal are described, including hikikomori-like syndromes, and anxiety, depressive, autistic, schizophrenic, and personality disorders. It is hypothesized that social withdrawal can be partially independent from other symptoms and likely reflect alterations in the social brain itself, leading to a similar, transdiagnostic social dysfunction, reflecting defects in the social brain across a variety of psychopathological conditions. An overview is provided of gender effects in the biological determinants of social behavior, including: the anatomical structures of the social brain; the dimorphic brain structures, and the modulation of their development by sex steroids; gender differences in "social" neurotransmitters (vasopressin and oxytocin), and in their response to social stress. A better comprehension of gender differences in the phenotypes of social disorders and in the neural bases of social behaviors may provide new insights for timely, focused, innovative, and gender-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berloffa
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Brovedani
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Gyllenberg D, McKeague IW, Sourander A, Brown AS. Robust data-driven identification of risk factors and their interactions: A simulation and a study of parental and demographic risk factors for schizophrenia. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020; 29:1-11. [PMID: 32520440 PMCID: PMC7723216 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few interactions between risk factors for schizophrenia have been replicated, but fitting all such interactions is difficult due to high-dimensionality. Our aims are to examine significant main and interaction effects for schizophrenia and the performance of our approach using simulated data. METHODS We apply the machine learning technique elastic net to a high-dimensional logistic regression model to produce a sparse set of predictors, and then assess the significance of odds ratios (OR) with Bonferroni-corrected p-values and confidence intervals (CI). We introduce a simulation model that resembles a Finnish nested case-control study of schizophrenia which uses national registers to identify cases (n = 1,468) and controls (n = 2,975). The predictors include nine sociodemographic factors and all interactions (31 predictors). RESULTS In the simulation, interactions with OR = 3 and prevalence = 4% were identified with <5% false positive rate and ≥80% power. None of the studied interactions were significantly associated with schizophrenia, but main effects of parental psychosis (OR = 5.2, CI 2.9-9.7; p < .001), urbanicity (1.3, 1.1-1.7; p = .001), and paternal age ≥35 (1.3, 1.004-1.6; p = .04) were significant. CONCLUSIONS We have provided an analytic pipeline for data-driven identification of main and interaction effects in case-control data. We identified highly replicated main effects for schizophrenia, but no interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gyllenberg
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Welfare Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian W McKeague
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan S Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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Orrico-Sánchez A, López-Lacort M, Muñoz-Quiles C, Sanfélix-Gimeno G, Díez-Domingo J. Epidemiology of schizophrenia and its management over 8-years period using real-world data in Spain. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:149. [PMID: 32248839 PMCID: PMC7132863 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-World Data (RWD) studies provide important insights in disease epidemiology, in real clinical populations, with long follow-up periods. The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SD) during an 8-year period in Spain. METHODS A retrospective cohort of subjects aged 15 to 64 years was followed-up using electronic healthcare databases of the Valencia region (2008-2015). SD cases included outpatient and inpatient settings (ICD 9 codes 295.XX). Prevalence of SD was assessed. Incidence rate (IR) in the subpopulation aged between 15 and 34 years was also provided. Healthcare utilization (HCU) rates, including outpatient, specialists, hospitalizations and antipsychotic dispensations were estimated. RESULTS The cohort included 3,976,071 subjects; 24,749 of them had a prevalent diagnosis of SD. The overall prevalence for SD was 6.2 per 1000 persons. SD were 76% more prevalent in men than women. IR in the subpopulation aged between 15 and 34 years was 50.25 per 100,000 persons years and was more than 2 times higher for men than for women. 83.4% of the overall outpatient visits from the cohort of patients were related to SD. The 21,095 overall hospitalizations with the SD code resulted in 286,139 days of hospitalization, with a median of 4 days (IQR: 1.6-9.2) per person-year. 93.2% of subjects diagnosed with SD were ever treated with some antipsychotic drug during the study period, and 70% of the patients were ever treated with antipsychotic polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS This large population-based study using RWD provides novel and recent information SD in a southern European country. The prevalence and IR of SD showed is greater than previously published and higher in men than in women. The fact of having used a large arsenal of electronic data (including outpatient and inpatient) for 8 years may have influenced. SD represents high burden and healthcare utilization. Contrary to guidelines recommendations the majority of patients were ever treated with antipsychotic polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Orrico-Sánchez
- grid.428862.2Vaccine Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. López-Lacort
- grid.428862.2Vaccine Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Muñoz-Quiles
- grid.428862.2Vaccine Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - G. Sanfélix-Gimeno
- grid.428862.2Health Services Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Díez-Domingo
- grid.428862.2Vaccine Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Lassila M, Nordström T, Hurtig T, Mäki P, Jääskeläinen E, Oinas E, Miettunen J. School success in childhood and subsequent prodromal symptoms and psychoses in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Psychol Med 2020; 50:948-955. [PMID: 31010450 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low IQ is a risk factor for psychosis, but the effect of high IQ is more controversial. The aim was to explore the association of childhood school success with prodromal symptoms in adolescence and psychoses in adulthood. METHODS In the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 8 229), we studied the relationship between teacher-assessed learning deficits, special talents and general school success at age 8 years and both prodromal symptoms (PROD-screen) at age 15-16 years and the occurrence of psychoses by age 30 years. RESULTS More prodromal symptoms were experienced by those talented in oral presentation [boys: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.96; girls: 1.23; 1.00-1.52] or drawing (boys: 1.44; 1.10-1.87). Conversely, being talented in athletics decreased the probability of psychotic-like symptoms (boys: OR 0.72; 0.58-0.90). School success below average predicted less prodromal symptoms with boys (OR 0.68; 0.48-0.97), whereas above-average success predicted more prodromal symptoms with girls (OR 1.22; 1.03-1.44). The occurrence of psychoses was not affected. Learning deficits did not associate with prodromal symptoms or psychoses. CONCLUSIONS Learning deficits in childhood did not increase the risk of prodromal symptoms in adolescence or later psychosis in this large birth cohort. Learning deficits are not always associated with increased risk of psychosis, which might be due to, e.g. special support given in schools. The higher prevalence of prodromal symptoms in talented children may reflect a different kind of relationship of school success with prodromal symptoms compared to full psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lassila
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Nordström
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Hurtig
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Mäki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Länsi-Pohja healthcare district Department of Psychiatry, The Middle Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Soite; Mental Health Services, Joint Municipal Authority of Wellbeing in Raahe District; Mental Health Services and Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kainuu Central Hospital, Kainuu Social and Healthcare District, Finland
| | - E Jääskeläinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - E Oinas
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Nietola M, Huovinen H, Heiskala A, Nordström T, Miettunen J, Korkeila J, Jääskeläinen E. Early childhood and adolescent risk factors for psychotic depression in a general population birth cohort sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1179-1186. [PMID: 32055894 PMCID: PMC7471190 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the group of severe mental disorders, psychotic depression (PD) is essentially under-researched. Knowledge about the risk factors is scarce and this applies especially to early risk factors. Our aim was to study early childhood and adolescent risk factors of PD in a representative birth cohort sample with a follow-up of up to 50 years. METHODS The study was carried out using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966). We used non-psychotic depression (NPD) (n = 746), schizophrenia (SZ) (n = 195), psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) (n = 27), other psychoses (PNOS) (n = 136) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 8200) as comparison groups for PD (n = 58). We analysed several potential early risk factors from time of birth until the age of 16 years. RESULTS The main finding was that parents' psychiatric illness [HR 3.59 (1.84-7.04)] was a risk factor and a high sports grade in school was a protective factor [HR 0.29 (0.11-0.73)] for PD also after adjusting for covariates in the multivariate Cox regression model. Parental psychotic illness was an especially strong risk factor for PD. The PD subjects had a parent with psychiatric illness significantly more often (p < 0.05) than NPD subjects. Differences between PD and other disorder groups were otherwise small. CONCLUSIONS A low sports grade in school may be a risk factor for PD. Psychiatric illnesses, especially psychoses, are common in the parents of PD subjects. A surprisingly low number of statistically significant risk factors may have resulted from the size of the PD sample and the underlying heterogeneity of the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Nietola
- Psychiatric Department, University of Turku and the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, Building 9, 3. Floor, 20700, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hanna Huovinen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni Heiskala
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Nordström
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jyrki Korkeila
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Psychiatric Department, University of Turku and Satakunta Hospital District, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Prediction, Psychosis, and the Cerebellum. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:820-831. [PMID: 31495402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly influential hypothesis posits that many of the diverse symptoms of psychosis can be viewed as reflecting dysfunctional predictive mechanisms. Indeed, to perceive something is to take a sensory input and make a prediction of the external source of that signal; thus, prediction is perhaps the most fundamental neural computation. Given the ubiquity of prediction, a more challenging problem is to specify the unique predictive role or capability of a particular brain structure. This question is relevant when considering recent claims that one aspect of the predictive deficits observed in psychotic disorders might be related to cerebellar dysfunction, a subcortical structure known to play a critical role in predictive sensorimotor control and perhaps higher-level cognitive function. Here, we review evidence bearing on this question. We first focus on clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging findings suggesting cerebellar involvement in psychosis and, specifically, schizophrenia. We then review a relatively novel line of research exploring whether computational models of cerebellar motor function can also account for cerebellar involvement in higher-order human cognition, and in particular, language function. We end the review by highlighting some key gaps in these literatures, limitations that currently preclude strong conclusions regarding cerebellar involvement in psychosis.
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13
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Social brain, social dysfunction and social withdrawal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:10-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Filatova S, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Khandaker GM, Lowry E, Nordström T, Hurtig T, Moilanen K, Miettunen J. Early Motor Developmental Milestones and Schizotypy in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study 1966. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:1151-1158. [PMID: 29237066 PMCID: PMC6101480 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Delayed motor developmental milestones have been reported to be associated with schizophrenia in previous studies, but no study has examined the relationship between early motor developmental milestones and schizotypy. We have examined this relationship in a prospective birth cohort.In the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, data on 9 early motor developmental milestones were collected prospectively from visits to child welfare centers, and data on adult schizotypy were collected through a questionnaire (N = 4557-4674). Positive schizotypy was measured by the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS), negative schizotypy was measured by Physical Anhedonia Scale (PhAS) and Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS). Three related scales were included: Schizoidia Scale (SCHD), Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), and Bipolar II Scale (BIP2). We examined the milestone-schizotypy associations before and after excluding cases of schizophrenia from this population-based sample. Hierarchical regression analyses adjusted for covariates and separately for both genders were performed. In men, each extra month of delay in achievement of touching thumb with index finger, sitting unsupported, standing up, walking with support, or walking unsupported was associated with an increase in PAS, PhAS, or SCHD scores, or decrease in BIP2 score (P < .05). In women, each extra month of delay in achievement of turning from back to tummy was associated with an increase in PhAS and SAS scores (P < .05). Schizotypy is associated with delayed motor developmental milestones in early-life, but there is some heterogeneity with regards to types of milestones and gender. These findings suggest delayed motor development confers risk across the continuum of schizophrenia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Filatova
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Post Office Box 8000, FI-90014; tel: +358466548787, e-mail:
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Eastern Finland, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland,South-Savonia Hospital District, Finland,North Karelia Central Hospital, Finland,SOTE, Finland,Lapland Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Estelle Lowry
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland,PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland,Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Finland
| | - Kristiina Moilanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland,Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Motor abnormalities are an intrinsic feature of psychosis. Neurological soft signs, Parkinsonism, dyskinesia, and other motor phenomena are frequently observed in subjects at clinical or genetic risk for psychosis as well as first-episode patients, chronic patients. Here, we review the most recent literature on motor assessments and pathophysiology in psychosis. RECENT FINDINGS Instrumental measures of fine motor performance, balance, spontaneous motor activity, and gesture indicated motor abnormalities in subjects at risk and across stages of schizophrenia. Motor phenomena are associated with distinct symptom dimensions and may indicate poor outcomes. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated altered neural maturation within critical motor networks in subjects at risk. Furthermore, specific categories of motor dysfunction were associated with distinct structural and functional alterations in the motor system in schizophrenia. Motor abnormalities provide a unique window into the pathobiology of psychosis and have the potential to guide screening, staging, and outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 21, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for Developmental Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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16
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Filatova S, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Hirvonen N, Freeman A, Ivandic I, Hurtig T, Khandaker GM, Jones PB, Moilanen K, Miettunen J. Early motor developmental milestones and schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:13-20. [PMID: 28131598 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that impaired brain development is a cause of the illness. Early motor developmental milestones, such as learning to walk, are predictors of later schizophrenia but studies have not been systematically reviewed. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between early motor developmental milestones and the risk of adult schizophrenia. In addition, we updated a systematic review on motor function and risk of schizophrenia. The PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched for original research articles published up to July 2015. Motor milestones were measured between ages 0 and 13years. Random effect meta-analysis calculated effect estimates (Hedges' g) for the association between individual motor milestones and schizophrenia risk. An electronic database and selected articles reference list search identified 5990 articles after removing duplicates. Sixty-nine full text articles were assessed for eligibility of which six were included in the review. Five studies provided sufficient data for meta-analyses. The following motor milestones were significantly associated with adult schizophrenia risk: walking unsupported (g=0.46; 95% CI 0.27-0.64; p<0.001), standing unsupported (g=0.28; 0.16-0.40; p<0.001) and sitting unsupported (g=0.18; 0.05-0.31; p=0.007). Results for the milestones 'holding head up' and 'grabbing object' were not statistically significant. Delayed walking, sitting and standing unsupported were associated with adult onset schizophrenia. The findings emphasise the importance of timely achievement of these motor milestones in childhood and can contribute to the identification of individuals at risk of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Filatova
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - H Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Departments of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, South-Savonia Hospital District, Mikkeli, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, SOSTERI, Savonlinna, SOTE, Iisalmi, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - N Hirvonen
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Freeman
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität, Leipzig, Germany
| | - I Ivandic
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, Chair for Public Health and Health Services Research, Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - T Hurtig
- Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland; Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Finland
| | - G M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - P B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Moilanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Koutra K, Roumeliotaki T, Kyriklaki A, Kampouri M, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Bitsios P, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Maternal depression and personality traits in association with child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years: Mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:89-98. [PMID: 28395209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor perinatal maternal mental health has been linked with negative outcomes on early child development; however, the importance of maternal personality has been neglected thus far. We aimed to examine the effects of antenatal and postnatal maternal mental health, including assessment of maternal personality characteristics, on child neuropsychological and behavioral development at preschool years in a population based mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece. METHOD Self-reported measures of maternal depression (EPDS), trait anxiety (STAI-Trait) and personality traits (EPQ-R) were assessed in a sample of 288 women at 28-32 weeks of gestation. A larger sample of 642 mothers completed the EPDS scale at 8 weeks postpartum. Children's neuropsychological (MSCA) and behavioral (ADHDT and SDQ) development were assessed at 4 years of age. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the exposures and outcomes of interest after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Regarding child neuropsychological development, increased postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with child's perceptual performance, whereas increased maternal psychoticism was linked with child's motor ability at 4 years of age. Furthermore, elevated levels of maternal depression during pregnancy and postpartum, and the predisposing personality characteristics of trait anxiety and neuroticism, were associated with children's behavioral difficulties. LIMITATIONS A clinical diagnostic instrument for maternal mental health was not used and assessment of children's behavior was based on maternal report. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that poor perinatal maternal mental health and an adverse personality profile may be associated with impaired child neuropsychological and behavioral development at preschool years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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18
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Altered growth trajectory of head circumference during infancy and schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:115-119. [PMID: 27818077 PMCID: PMC5376228 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of abnormalities in the developmental trajectory during infancy of future schizophrenia cases offers the potential to reveal pathogenic mechanisms of this disorder. Previous studies of head circumference in pre-schizophrenia were limited to measures at birth. The use of growth acceleration of head circumference (defined as the rate of change in head circumference) provides a more informative representation of the maturational landscape of this measure compared to studies based on static head circumference measures. To date, however, no study has examined whether HC growth acceleration differs between pre-schizophrenia cases and controls. In the present study, we employed a nested case control design of a national birth cohort in Finland. Cases with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=375) and controls (N=375) drawn from the birth cohort were matched 1:1 on date of birth (within 1month), sex, and residence in Finland at case diagnosis. Longitudinal data were obtained on head circumference from birth through age 1. Data were analyzed using a new nonparametric Bayesian inversion method which allows for a detailed understanding of growth dynamics. Adjusting for growth velocity of height and weight, and gestational age, there was significantly accelerated growth of head circumference in females with schizophrenia from birth to 2months; the findings remained significant following Bonferroni correction (p<0.0125). This is the first study to report abnormal HC growth acceleration, a more sensitive measure of somatic developmental deviation of this measure, in schizophrenia.
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Käkelä J, Marttila R, Keskinen E, Veijola J, Isohanni M, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Haapea M, Jääskeläinen E, Miettunen J. Association between family history of psychiatric disorders and long-term outcome in schizophrenia - The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 249:16-22. [PMID: 28063393 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Family history of psychiatric disorders has been associated with impaired outcome in schizophrenia, but very few studies have investigated its long-term social and occupational outcome. We investigated the association of family history of psychiatric disorders, especially psychosis, with long-term social, occupational, clinical and global outcome in schizophrenia. The study sample comprises of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Cohort members with psychosis were detected by Finnish national registers. Altogether 69 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis participated, mean age 43, after on average 17 years since onset of illness. The information regarding family history of psychiatric disorders were gathered from registers and interviews. A Strauss-Carpenter Outcome Scale, PANSS and SOFAS were conducted to assess the outcome. Results showed that the family history of any psychiatric disorder was associated with more severe positive and emotional symptoms in PANSS. The family history of psychosis was not associated with outcomes. These findings suggest that family history of psychiatric disorders has a small association with outcome in schizophrenia. Despite family history of psychosis being a strong risk factor for schizophrenia, after years of illness it does not seem to affect outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Käkelä
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Riikka Marttila
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emmi Keskinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Isohanni
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; South-Savonia Hospital District, Mikkeli, Finland; North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland; SOSTERI, Savonlinna, Finland; SOTE, Iisalmi, Finland; Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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20
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Rautio N, Käkelä J, Nordström T, Miettunen J, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Ala-Mursula L, Karppinen J, Penttilä M, Jääskeläinen E. Prognosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder may not be predetermined during early development--the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Schizophr Res 2016; 173:62-8. [PMID: 26971074 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about whether factors during the first years of life predict later outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). As part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, we examined if prospectively collected early parenthood-related and developmental factors predict employment and hospitalization in individuals with and without SSD. METHODS Overall, 161 individuals with SSD and 10,116 without SSD were included in the study. Outcomes were analysed at age of 44-45years, defining "employment" as being employed for at least 25% of working days and "hospitalization" as having psychiatric hospitalization at least once during the last two years of follow-up. Maternal age, wantedness of pregnancy, grand multiparity, parental psychoses, birth weight, birth height, age of standing up and standing and walking without support were analysed as predictors. RESULTS Of the individuals with SSD, only 11.2% were employed, although 77.6% remained not hospitalized. In individuals with SSD, only young maternal age was associated with lower probability (OR 0.25, CI 0.08-0.77) of being non-hospitalized after controlling for sex and onset age of illness. Among persons without SSD, almost all parenthood-related and developmental factors were related to employment, while grand multiparity and parental psychosis were related to hospitalization after controlling for sex. CONCLUSIONS Only one of the early parenthood-related and developmental factors analysed in this study predicted outcome in individuals with SSD, while among those without SSD almost all factors were related to employment. Thus, prognosis of SSD does not seem to be predetermined much by early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rautio
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Käkelä
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Leena Ala-Mursula
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Matti Penttilä
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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