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Taylor N, Dolcini MM, Catania JA, Harper G, Cristobal A, Timmons Tyler A. Examining Sexual Health Organizational Networks in Urban African American Communities Using Social Network Theory. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241240211. [PMID: 38572690 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241240211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Collaboration among organizations offering sexual health and youth development services has the potential to provide youth with effective sexual health support. However, formally structured efforts (eg, coalition formation) may be impractical or unsuitable for low-income communities where resources are often already limited. Social network theories provide an alternative approach for building collaborative organizational networks. APPROACH Research aims to evaluate the barriers and facilitators to collaboration in sexual health organizational networks. SETTING Organizations in low income, urban, communities in Chicago and San Francisco that serve African American adolescents. PARTICIPANTS Providers (n = 22) from organizations that offer sexual health services and youth development services. METHODS Focus groups (n = 4) were conducted and analyzed utilizing a combination of coding strategies. RESULTS Barriers to collaboration included resource limitations and competition, differences in organizational roles and deliverables, and prejudice and stigma. Identifying common ground among organizations was found to be a facilitator to collaboration. Social network concepts in conjunction with study findings lead to the development of a practice model that hypothesizes a pathway for organizations to improve collaboration without formally structured efforts. CONCLUSION Our findings offer ways to encourage collaboration among organizations that support youth sexual health in low-income, urban, African American communities without relying on formal structures. Such collaborations may be critical for improving the provision of comprehensive sexual health support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Taylor
- College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - M Margaret Dolcini
- College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Joseph A Catania
- College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gary Harper
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Audrey Cristobal
- Berkley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - April Timmons Tyler
- Michael Reese Research and Education Foundation Care Program at Mercy Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gurganus EA, Honigfeld L, Dworkin PH. Social Network Analysis as a Tool to Inform a Children's Hospital's Efforts to Improve Population Health. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:1338-1345. [PMID: 35417780 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A children's hospital explored the feasibility and utility of social network analysis as a tool for system building in community child health, to identify gaps and opportunities in community partnerships, and to assess its role as a contributor to collective impact. METHODS We employed social network analysis with the PARTNER survey to assess relationships among community-based organizations and a children's hospital's community-oriented programs. We utilized a two-stage, snowball sampling strategy to identify community partners. We analyzed social capital, network density, degree centralization, perceived trust, and perceived value. Network mapping depicted the hospital programs' relationships with community partners. RESULTS Of the 153 contacted potential respondents, 76 responded for a response rate of 50%. Respondents reported a total of 1116 ties, ranging in strength from awareness and cooperation to coordination and integration. Approximately 60% of network members could reach 100 or more members in 2 steps or less. The overall network trust score was 74%. Network mapping indicated that hospital programs enhance bonding relationships within sectors, bridge gaps between partners from different sectors, and provide linkages to resources such as funders. Deficits in bonding, bridging, and access to funding are evident when the hospital's programs are omitted from network maps. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the feasibility and utility of social network analysis as a tool for system building in community child health. The study demonstrates the potential of a children's hospital's programs to provide social capital in the form of bonding, bridging, and linking relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eminet Abebe Gurganus
- Office for Community Child Health (EA Gurganus, L Honigfeld and PH Dworkin), Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Conn
| | - Lisa Honigfeld
- Office for Community Child Health (EA Gurganus, L Honigfeld and PH Dworkin), Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Conn; Child Health and Development Institute (L Honigfeld), Farmington, Conn
| | - Paul H Dworkin
- Office for Community Child Health (EA Gurganus, L Honigfeld and PH Dworkin), Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Conn; Department of Pediatrics (PH Dworkin), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
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3
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Simpson VL, Hass ZJ, Panchal J, McGowan B. Understanding the Development, Evaluation, and Sustainability of Community Health Networks Using Social Network Analysis: A Scoping Review. Am J Health Promot 2021; 36:318-327. [PMID: 34865522 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211045984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify the scope of the literature which reports use of social network analysis to inform, support, or evaluate health promotion-focused community network/partnership development. DATA SOURCE A comprehensive search (not date-limited) of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library Database for Systematic Reviews. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Criteria for inclusion included published in the English language and used social network analysis to inform, support, or evaluate development of community networks/partnerships aiding health promotion efforts. Studies were excluded if they did not use social network analysis or were not focused upon health promotion. DATA EXTRACTION Three of the four authors extracted data using a summary chart to document information regarding study aims, target issue/population, methods, and key outcomes of the social network analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS The extracted data were qualitatively analyzed by 3 authors to categorize key social network analysis outcomes into categories. RESULTS Ninety-seven studies representing 9 geographical regions were included, with the majority (69) published after 2010. Key outcomes included the effectiveness of social network analysis to identify network characteristics, track network change over time, compare similar networks across locations, and correlate network attributes with outcomes. CONCLUSION Findings support the utility of social network analysis to inform, support, and evaluate development of sustainable health promotion-focused networks/partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Joseph Hass
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering Core Faculty, Schools of Nursing and Industrial Engineering, 311308Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jitesh Panchal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, 311308Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bethany McGowan
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, 311308Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Bachert P, Wäsche H, Albrecht F, Hildebrand C, Kunz AM, Woll A. Promoting Students' Health at University: Key Stakeholders, Cooperation, and Network Development. Front Public Health 2021; 9:680714. [PMID: 34277547 PMCID: PMC8277920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.680714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cooperation among university units is considered a cornerstone for the promotion of students' health. The underlying mechanisms of health-promoting networks at universities have rarely been examined so far. Shedding light on partnerships is generally limited to the naming of allied actors in a network. Objectives and Methods: In this study, we used network analysis intending to visualize and describe the positions and characteristics of the network actors, and examine organizational relationships to determine the characteristics of the complete network. Results: The network analysis at hand provides in-depth insights into university structures promoting students' health comprising 33 organizational units and hundreds of ties. Both cooperation and communication network show a flat, non-hierarchical structure, which is reflected by its low centralization indices (39–43%) and short average distances (1.43–1.47) with low standard deviations (0.499–0.507), small diameter (3), and the non-existence of subgroups. Density lies between 0.53 and 0.57. According to the respondents, the University Sports Center is considered the most important actor in the context of students' health. Presidium and Institute of Sport and Sports Science play an integral role in terms of network functionality. Conclusion: In the health-promoting network, numerous opportunities for further integration and interaction of actors exist. Indications for transferring results to other universities are discussed. Network analysis enables universities to profoundly analyze their health-promoting structures, which is the basis for sustained network governance and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bachert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Albrecht
- Central Scientific Institution for Key Competencies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexa Maria Kunz
- Central Scientific Institution for Key Competencies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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The Influence of Relationship Quality between Manufacturer and Retailer on Future Collaboration—A Case Study of Customer Electronic Product Channel in Taiwan. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the collaboration between upstream manufacturer brands and first-line retailers in Taiwan’s 3C product market, which is influenced by several factors. Both parties are motivated by profit and thus, strive for mutual cooperation in the business environment. Whether influencing factors exist between the retailer and manufacturer is a crucial issue. This study investigates 308 customer electronics retailers in Taiwan. Focusing on relationship quality, relational trust, and retailer satisfaction with the brand, we explore the possibility of future collaboration between retailers and manufacturer brands. The study results indicate the relationship quality between retailers and manufacturers has a significant impact on the relationship of trust. Both the relationship quality between retailers and manufacturers and the relational trust between the retailers and manufacturers have significant impacts on the retailer’s satisfaction with the manufacturer. Retailer satisfaction has a direct impact on the future collaboration between retailers and manufacturers. Compared with customers with high expectations, customers with low expectations have a higher effect on the relationship between retailer satisfaction with the brand manufacturer and the future collaboration between retailers and manufacturers.
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Windsor LC, Pinto RM, Lee CA. Interprofessional collaboration associated with frequency of life-saving links to HIV continuum of care services in the urban environment of Newark, New Jersey. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:1014. [PMID: 33160344 PMCID: PMC7648428 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV continuum of care has been used as a strategy to reduce HIV transmission rates, with timely engagement in HIV testing being the first and most critical step. This study examines interprofessional-collaboration (IPC) after controlling for agency/ provider demographics, provider training and self-efficacy as a significant predictor of how frequently HIV service providers link their clients to HIV testing. METHODS Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of IPC on links to HIV testing while controlling for demographic and agency information, provider training, and standardized measures of providers' feelings, attitudes, and opinions about IPC. Cross-sectional data from 142 providers in 13 agencies offering treatment and prevention services for HIV and substance-use disorders were collected via a survey. RESULTS Those who scored higher on the IPC scale reported significantly higher rates of linkages to HIV testing. Compared to the null model (i.e., no predictor model), the final multilevel binary logistic regression model showed a significantly improved likelihood of linkage to HIV testing by 11.4%, p. < .05. The final model correctly classified 90.2% of links to HIV testing. Providers in agencies with smaller budgets and in agencies offering substance use disorder services were more likely to link clients to HIV testing. Younger providers who received HIV training were also more likely to link clients to HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest IPC training as a potential strategy to improve linkages to HIV testing for clients at risk for HIV infection. Future research is recommended to identify specific areas of IPC that might have differential effects on links to HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Ann Lee
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Prochnow T, Patterson MS, Sharkey J, Umstattd Meyer MR. Health coalition collaboration network, perceived satisfaction and success. J Health Organ Manag 2020; 34:885-897. [PMID: 33063504 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-04-2020-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health equity and prosperity of communities is closely linked to the effectiveness and success of local health coalitions. Social network analysis (SNA) is one mechanism to quantify and understand the factors leading to collaboration and effectiveness within these coalitions. This study aims to investigate network characteristics associated with perceived success and satisfaction in a health coalition and determine significant factors related to organizational collaborations. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study examined the Olympic Peninsula Healthy Community Coalition (OPHCC) which aims to prevent chronic disease in rural Clallam County, Washington. Representatives (n = 21) from member organizations (n = 18) were asked to report on organization characteristics, perceived satisfaction in coalition activities, perceived success toward coalition's mission, and collaborations with other organizations in the coalition. Multilevel modeling used to analyze whether an organization's position within the coalition network was associated with their perceived satisfaction and perceived success. Exponential random graph modeling was used to examine what factors may impact collaboration ties between coalition members. FINDINGS Organization representatives reported a total of 252 collaboration ties. In multilevel models, organization characteristics and network centrality scores accounted for between 61 and 68% of variance displayed in satisfaction scores and 45-61% of variance in perceived success scores. Exponential random graph modeling revealed activity level, for-profit status, and transitivity as significant factors in collaborative tie presence. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Encouraging consistent active participation, a balance of organizational type, and projects which require more than two collaborators may provide an environment for collaborative ties between organizations.
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Best A, Ong N, Cooper P, Davison C, Coatta K, Berland A, Herbert C, Mitton C, Millar J, Reichert S, Cano A. Evaluating complex transformation. J Health Organ Manag 2020; 34:313-324. [PMID: 32364344 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-05-2019-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed case study of the evaluation strategies of a complex, multi-faceted response to a public health emergency: drug-related overdose deaths. It sets out the challenges of evaluating such a complex response and how they were overcome. It provides a pragmatic example of the rationale and issues faced to address the what, the why and particularly the how of the evaluation. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The case study overviews British Columbia's Provincial Response to the Overdose Public Health Emergency, and the aims and scope of its evaluation. It then outlines the conceptual approach taken to the evaluation, setting out key methodological challenges in evaluating large-scale, multi-level, multisectoral change. FINDINGS The evaluation is developmental and summative, utilization focused and system informed. Defining the scope of the evaluation required a strong level of engagement with government leads, grantees and other evaluation stakeholders. Mixed method evaluation will be used to capture the complex pattern of relationships that have informed the overdose response. Working alongside people with drug use experience to both plan and inform the evaluation is critical to its success. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This case study builds on a growing literature on evaluating large-scale and complex service transformation, providing a practical example of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Best
- InSource Research Group, West Vancouver, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Carolyn Davison
- Ministry of Mental Health and Addictions, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Craig Mitton
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Millar
- Department of Population Health, InSource Research Group, West Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Nooteboom LA, Mulder EA, Kuiper CHZ, Colins OF, Vermeiren RRJM. Towards Integrated Youth Care: A Systematic Review of Facilitators and Barriers for Professionals. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020; 48:88-105. [PMID: 32424453 PMCID: PMC7803720 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-020-01049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To overcome fragmentation in support for children and their families with multiple and enduring problems across life domains, professionals increasingly try to organize integrated care. However, it is unclear what facilitators and barriers professionals experience when providing this integrated care. Our systematic review, including 55 studies from a broad variety of settings in Youth Care, showed that integrated care on a professional level is a multi-component entity consisting of several facilitators and barriers. Findings were clustered in seven general themes: ‘Child’s environment’, ‘Preconditions’, ‘Care process’, ‘Expertise’, ‘Interprofessional collaboration’, ‘Information exchange’, and ‘Professional identity’. The identified facilitators and barriers were generally consistent across studies, indicating broad applicability across settings and professional disciplines. This review clearly shows that when Youth Care professionals address a broad spectrum of problems, a variety of facilitators and barriers should be considered. Registration PROSPERO, registration number CRD42018084527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Nooteboom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva A Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Academic Workplace Youth at Risk, Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre - Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H Z Kuiper
- Leiden University of Applied Sciences, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Horizon Youth Care and Special Education, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Youz, Parnassia Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
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10
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Pinto RM, Choi CJ, Wall MM. Developing a Scale to Measure Interprofessional Collaboration in HIV Prevention and Care: Implications for Research on Patient Access and Retention in the HIV Continuum of Care. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2020; 32:36-50. [PMID: 32073308 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2020.32.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To adapt and validate a scale for measuring interprofessional collaboration in HIV prevention and care (IPC-HIV), primary survey data were collected (2012-2017) from 577 HIV service providers in 60 organizations in New York, New Jersey, and Michigan. Cross-sectional training data were used to develop the IPC-HIV scale. The model was validated by fitting the five-factor confirmatory factor-analysis model to a 30-item set. The scale measures five domains with reliable alpha coefficients: Interdependence, Professional Activities, Flexibility, Collective Ownership, and Reflection on Process. Correlations between subscales were significant (p < .05). The strongest correlation was between Reflection on Process and Collective Ownership subscale scores. Mean scores ranged lfrom 4.070 to 4.880, with the highest score for Flexibility across all locations. IPC-HIV is valid and reliable among HIV-prevention and care workers, and is recommended for examining the effect of IPC on patient access to HIV testing and primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério M Pinto
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - C Jean Choi
- Division of Biostatistics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Division of Biostatistics in Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
- Division of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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11
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Mack J, Wanderer S, Kölch M, Roessner V. Come together: case specific cross-institutional cooperation of youth welfare services and child and adolescent psychiatry. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:34. [PMID: 31485265 PMCID: PMC6716872 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of children and families who require support from both youth welfare services and from mental health services, a solid cross-institutional cooperation is needed to provide coordinated and integrated help. Studies involving not only qualitative, but also quantitative information from both services regarding not only general, but also case specific views on cross-institutional cooperation and psychosocial needs are lacking. METHODS Hence, we collected data from n = 96 children and families who received support from youth welfare office (YWO) and child and adolescents psychiatry (CAP) simultaneously. In a longitudinal survey, we assessed the evaluation of case specific cross-institutional cooperation and psychosocial needs by employees of YWO and CAP as well as descriptive data (including psychopathology of children) over a 6-month period. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted to assess the effects of time and institution (YWO/CAP) on employees' evaluation of case specific cross-institutional cooperation and psychosocial needs as well as children's psychopathology. RESULTS The data showed that generally YWO employees rated the case specific communication better than CAP employees. Furthermore, CAP employees estimated psychosocial needs higher than YWO employees did. The employees' evaluation of total case specific cross-institutional cooperation did not differ between the employees of both institutions; it further did not change over time. The case specific evaluations did not correlate between the case responsible employees of YWO and CAP. CONCLUSION The data showed satisfaction with the case specific cross-institutional cooperation in general, but meaningful differences in case specific ratings between both institutions indicate the possibility and need for improvement in daily work and cooperation as well as in regulations and contractual agreements. The implementation of more exchange of higher quality and transparency will ensure smoother cross-institutional cooperation. Future research should pursue this topic to convey the need for further improvement in cross-institutional cooperation into decision-making processes and to evaluate the success of innovative projects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sina Wanderer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kölch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Greeson MR, Watling Neal J, Campbell R. Using Social Network Analysis to Identify Successful Relationship Patterns Within Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs). Violence Against Women 2018; 25:968-998. [PMID: 30301432 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218801115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study used social network analysis (SNA) to examine relationships within three effective Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) that coordinate the response of legal, medical, and advocacy organizations to sexual assault. Within each SART, organizations reported on each other member organization valuing their role, serving as a resource to their work, and communication outside of official meetings. Across the SARTs, there was high connectedness and reciprocity and low to moderate dependence on one organization to drive relationships. However, there was dependence on a subgroup of organizations to drive additional communication relationships. Implications for managing relationships in SARTs are discussed.
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Factors That Influence Linkages to HIV Continuum of Care Services: Implications for Multi-Level Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111355. [PMID: 29112126 PMCID: PMC5707994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continuum of care involves health promotion providers (e.g., social workers and health educators) linking patients to medical personnel who provide HIV testing, primary care, and antiretroviral treatments. Regrettably, these life-saving linkages are not always made consistently and many patients are not retained in care. To design, test and implement effective interventions, we need to first identify key factors that may improve linkage-making. To help close this gap, we used in-depth interviews with 20 providers selected from a sample of 250 participants in a mixed-method longitudinal study conducted in New York City (2012–2017) in order to examine the implementation of HIV services for at-risk populations. Following a sociomedical framework, we identified provider-, interpersonal- and environmental-level factors that influence how providers engage patients in the care continuum by linking them to HIV testing, HIV care, and other support services. These factors occurred in four domains of reference: Providers’ Professional Knowledge Base; Providers’ Interprofessional Collaboration; Providers’ Work-Related Changes; and Best Practices in a Competitive Environment. Of particular importance, our findings show that a competitive environment and a fear of losing patients to other agencies may inhibit providers from engaging in linkage-making. Our results suggest relationships between factors within and across all four domains; we recommend interventions to modify factors in all domains for maximum effect toward improving care continuum linkage-making. Our findings may be applicable in different areas of the globe with high HIV prevalence.
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Loitz CC, Stearns JA, Fraser SN, Storey K, Spence JC. Network analysis of inter-organizational relationships and policy use among active living organizations in Alberta, Canada. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:649. [PMID: 28793890 PMCID: PMC5550942 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coordinated partnerships and collaborations can optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of service and program delivery in organizational networks. However, the extent to which organizations are working together to promote physical activity, and use physical activity policies in Canada, is unknown. This project sought to provide a snapshot of the funding, coordination and partnership relationships among provincial active living organizations (ALOs) in Alberta, Canada. Additionally, the awareness, and use of the provincial policy and national strategy by the organizations was examined. Methods Provincial ALOs (N = 27) answered questions regarding their funding, coordination and partnership connections with other ALOs in the network. Social network analysis was employed to examine network structure and position of each ALO. Discriminant function analysis determined the extent to which degree centrality was associated with the use of the Active Alberta (AA) policy and Active Canada 20/20 (AC 20/20) strategy. Results The funding network had a low density level (density = .20) and was centralized around Alberta Tourism Parks and Recreation (ATPR; degree centralization = 48.77%, betweenness centralization = 32.43%). The coordination network had a moderate density level (density = .31), and was low-to-moderately centralized around a few organizations (degree centralization = 45.37%, betweenness centrality = 19.92%). The partnership network had a low density level (density = .15), and was moderate-to-highly centralized around ATPR. Most organizations were aware of AA (89%) and AC 20/20 (78%), however more were using AA (67%) compared to AC 20/20 (33%). Central ALOs in the funding network were more likely to use AA and AC 20/20. Central ALOs in the coordination network were more likely to use AC 20/20, but not AA. Conclusions Increasing formal and informal relationships between organizations and integrating disconnected or peripheral organizations could increase the capacity of the network to promote active living across Alberta. Uptake of the AA policy within the network is high and appears to be facilitated by the most central ALO. Promoting policy use through a central organization appeared to be an effective strategy for disseminating the province-level physical activity policy and could be considered as a policy-uptake strategy by other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Loitz
- Alberta Centre for Active Living, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Chronic Disease Prevention - Healthy Living, Population, Public and Indigenous Health, Alberta Health Services, 242, 2nd Floor, WSP Plaza, 10909 Jasper Avenue, Athabasca, AB, T5J 4J3, Canada.
| | - Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shawn N Fraser
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada
| | - Kate Storey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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15
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Willis CD, Greene JK, Abramowicz A, Riley BL. Strengthening the evidence and action on multi-sectoral partnerships in public health: an action research initiative. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2017; 36:101-11. [PMID: 27284702 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.36.6.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Public Health Agency of Canada's Multi-sectoral Partnerships Initiative, administered by the Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention (CCDP), brings together diverse partners to design, implement and advance innovative approaches for improving population health. This article describes the development and initial priorities of an action research project (a learning and improvement strategy) that aims to facilitate continuous improvement of the CCDP's partnership initiative and contribute to the evidence on multi-sectoral partnerships. METHODS The learning and improvement strategy for the CCDP's multi-sectoral partnership initiative was informed by (1) consultations with CCDP staff and senior management, and (2) a review of conceptual frameworks to do with multi-sectoral partnerships. Consultations explored the development of the multi-sectoral initiative, barriers and facilitators to success, and markers of effectiveness. Published and grey literature was reviewed using a systematic search strategy with findings synthesized using a narrative approach. RESULTS Consultations and the review highlighted the importance of understanding partnership impacts, developing a shared vision, implementing a shared measurement system and creating opportunities for knowledge exchange. With that in mind, we propose a six-component learning and improvement strategy that involves (1) prioritizing learning needs, (2) mapping needs to evidence, (3) using relevant data collection methods, (4) analyzing and synthesizing data, (5) feeding data back to CCDP staff and teams and (6) taking action. Initial learning needs include investigating partnership reach and the unanticipated effects of multi-sectoral partnerships for individuals, groups, organizations or communities. CONCLUSION While the CCDP is the primary audience for the learning and improvement strategy, it may prove useful for a range of audiences, including other government departments and external organizations interested in capturing and sharing new knowledge generated from multi-sectoral partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Willis
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J K Greene
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Abramowicz
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - B L Riley
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Harris JK, Jonson-Reid M, Carothers BJ, Fowler P. The Structure of Policy Networks for Injury and Violence Prevention in 15 US Cities. Public Health Rep 2017; 132:381-388. [PMID: 28426291 DOI: 10.1177/0033354917705367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in policy can reduce violence and injury; however, little is known about how partnerships among organizations influence policy development, adoption, and implementation. To understand partnerships among organizations working on injury and violence prevention (IVP) policy, we examined IVP policy networks in 15 large US cities. METHODS In summer 2014, we recruited 15 local health departments (LHDs) to participate in the study. They identified an average of 28.9 local partners (SD = 10.2) working on IVP policy. In late 2014, we sent survey questionnaires to 434 organizations, including the 15 LHDs and their local partners, about their partnerships and the importance of each organization to local IVP policy efforts; 319 participated. We used network methods to examine the composition and structure of the policy networks. RESULTS Each IVP policy network included the LHD and an average of 21.3 (SD = 6.9) local partners. On average, nonprofit organizations constituted 50.7% of networks, followed by government agencies (26.3%), schools and universities (11.8%), coalitions (11.2%), voluntary organizations (9.6%), hospitals (8.5%), foundations (2.2%), and for-profit organizations (0.7%). Government agencies were perceived as important by the highest proportion of partners. Perceived importance was significantly associated with forming partnerships in most networks; odds ratios ranged from 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13) to 2.35 (95% CI, 1.68-3.28). Organization type was significantly associated with partnership formation in most networks after controlling for an organization's importance to the network. CONCLUSIONS Several strategies could strengthen local IVP policy networks, including (1) developing connections with partners from sectors that are not well integrated into the networks and (2) encouraging indirect or less formal connections with important but missing partners and partner types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenine K Harris
- 1 Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bobbi J Carothers
- 1 Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Fowler
- 1 Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Willis CD, Saul J, Bevan H, Scheirer MA, Best A, Greenhalgh T, Mannion R, Cornelissen E, Howland D, Jenkins E, Bitz J. Sustaining organizational culture change in health systems. J Health Organ Manag 2016; 30:2-30. [DOI: 10.1108/jhom-07-2014-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The questions addressed by this review are: first, what are the guiding principles underlying efforts to stimulate sustained cultural change; second, what are the mechanisms by which these principles operate; and, finally, what are the contextual factors that influence the likelihood of these principles being effective? The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted a literature review informed by rapid realist review methodology that examined how interventions interact with contexts and mechanisms to influence the sustainability of cultural change. Reference and expert panelists assisted in refining the research questions, systematically searching published and grey literature, and helping to identify interactions between interventions, mechanisms and contexts.
Findings
– Six guiding principles were identified: align vision and action; make incremental changes within a comprehensive transformation strategy; foster distributed leadership; promote staff engagement; create collaborative relationships; and continuously assess and learn from change. These principles interact with contextual elements such as local power distributions, pre-existing values and beliefs and readiness to engage. Mechanisms influencing how these principles sustain cultural change include activation of a shared sense of urgency and fostering flexible levels of engagement.
Practical implications
– The principles identified in this review, along with the contexts and mechanisms that influence their effectiveness, are useful domains for policy and practice leaders to explore when grappling with cultural change. These principles are sufficiently broad to allow local flexibilities in adoption and application.
Originality/value
– This is the first study to adopt a realist approach for understanding how changes in organizational culture may be sustained. Through doing so, this review highlights the broad principles by which organizational action may be organized within enabling contextual settings.
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18
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Thomas SL, Williams K, Ritchie J, Zwi K. Improving paediatric outreach services for urban Aboriginal children through partnerships: views of community-based service providers. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:836-42. [PMID: 25818830 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, Aboriginal children experience significantly poorer health outcomes compared with non-Aboriginal children. Health policies aimed at improving Aboriginal health outcomes include interventions in the early childhood period. There is a need for government health services to work in partnership with Aboriginal people and other services to achieve the highest level of health possible for Aboriginal children, who often require a range of services to meet complex needs. AIM This paper describes the views of service providers on how paediatric outreach services work in partnership with other services, Aboriginal families and the community and how those partnerships could be improved to maximize health outcomes for children. METHODS In-depth, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with managers and service providers over a 6-week period in 2010. The views and suggestions of participants were documented and a thematic analysis was undertaken. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis of two focus groups with seven service providers and five individual interviews with service managers resulted in the identification of four themes: (i) using informal and formal ways of working; (ii) cultivating effective relationships; (iii) demonstrating cultural sensitivity; and (iv) forging strong leadership. Use of formal and informal approaches facilitated effective relationships between service providers and Aboriginal families and communities. Partnerships with the community were founded on a culturally appropriate model of care that recognized a holistic approach to health and wellness. Leadership emerged as an essential component of effective partnerships, cultivating the ethos of the workplace and creating an environment where collaboration is supported. CONCLUSION Culturally appropriate child health services, which utilize effective relationships and employ a range of informal and formal collaboration with other services and community members, are well positioned to implement health policy and improve access to services for Aboriginal children with better health outcomes as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Thomas
- New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Remote Health, Flinders University and Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - K Williams
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Developmental Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Ritchie
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Zwi
- Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Improving the performance of interorganizational networks for preventing chronic disease: identifying and acting on research needs. Healthc Manage Forum 2014; 27:123-7. [PMID: 25518146 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcmf.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the role of interorganizational networks in chronic disease prevention and an action research agenda for promoting understanding and improvement. Through a model of engaged scholarship, leaders with expertise and experience in chronic disease prevention networks helped shape research directions focused on network value, governance, and evolution. The guiding principles for facilitating this research include applying existing knowledge, developing network-appropriate methods and measures, creating structural change, promoting an impact orientation, and fostering cultural change.
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20
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Shoaf KI, Kelley MM, O'Keefe K, Arrington KD, Prelip ML. Enhancing emergency preparedness and response systems: correlates of collaboration between local health departments and school districts. Public Health Rep 2014; 129 Suppl 4:107-13. [PMID: 25355981 DOI: 10.1177/00333549141296s414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collaboration between existing components of the public health system is important for protecting public health and promoting community resilience. We describe the factors that promote collaborative emergency preparedness and response activities between local health departments (LHDs) and school systems. METHODS We gathered data from a multistage, stratified random sample of 750 LHDs nationwide. Utilizing a mailed invitation, we recruited respondents to participate in an online questionnaire. We calculated descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The majority of LHDs collaborated with school systems for emergency preparedness and response activities and most indicated they were likely to collaborate in the future. Characteristics of the jurisdiction, general experience and perceptions of collaboration, and characteristics of the preparedness collaboration itself predicted future collaboration. CONCLUSION Our results help us understand the nature of collaborations between LHDs and school systems on emergency preparedness and response activities, which can be used to identify priority areas for developing successful and sustainable joint efforts in the future. By focusing on the perceived value of collaboration and building on existing non-preparedness partnering, communities can increase the likelihood of ongoing successful LHD-school system emergency preparedness collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley I Shoaf
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Center for Public Health and Disasters, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melissa M Kelley
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kaitlin O'Keefe
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Center for Public Health and Disasters, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katharine D Arrington
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Center for Public Health and Disasters, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael L Prelip
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA
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21
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Nageswaran S, Golden SL, Easterling D, O'Shea TM, Hansen WB, Ip EH. Factors associated with collaboration among agencies serving children with complex chronic conditions. Matern Child Health J 2013; 17:1533-40. [PMID: 22555946 PMCID: PMC5119949 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to identify agency-level factors that increase collaborative relationships between agencies that serve children with complex chronic conditions (CCC). We hypothesized that an agency will collaborate with more partners in the network if the agency had a coordinator and participated in a community coalition. We surveyed representatives of 63 agencies that serve children with CCC in Forsyth County, North Carolina about their agencies' collaborations with other agencies. We used social network analytical methods and exponential random graph analysis to identify factors associated with collaboration among agencies. The unit of analysis was the collaborative tie (n = 3,658) between agencies in the network. Agencies participating in a community coalition were 1.5 times more likely to report collaboration than agencies that did not participate in a coalition. Presence of a coordinator in an agency was not associated with the number of collaborative relationships. Agencies in existence for a longer duration (≥11 vs. ≤10 years; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.1) and those with a higher proportion of CCC clientele (aOR: 2.1 and 1.6 for 11-30 % and ≥31 % compared to ≤10 %) had greater collaboration. Care coordination agencies and pediatric practices reported more collaborative relationships than subspecialty clinics, home-health agencies, durable medical equipment companies, educational programs and family-support services. Collaborative relationships between agencies that serve children with CCC are increased by coalition participation, longer existence and higher CCC clientele. Future studies should evaluate whether interventions to improve collaborations among agencies will improve clinical outcomes of children with CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savithri Nageswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA,
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22
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Willis CD, Riley BL, Best A, Ongolo-Zogo P. Strengthening health systems through networks: the need for measurement and feedback. Health Policy Plan 2013; 27 Suppl 4:iv62-6. [PMID: 23014155 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czs089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Willis
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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23
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Brannan AM, Brashears F, Gyamfi P, Manteuffel B. Implementation and development of federally-funded systems of care over time. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 49:467-482. [PMID: 21964990 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes development in federally funded systems of care. Data for this study were collected using the System of Care Assessment that rated grantees' enactment of system of care principles in the infrastructure and service delivery domains. Data were collected by trained raters who conducted several site visits over the funding period. This study described system development over time across 61 sites and tested whether gains were statistically significant. Latent profile analysis was used to explore whether sites could be meaningfully grouped based on their baseline service delivery domain scores. Differences across groups were tested in terms of community, system, and client characteristics. Differential growth across groups was also examined. Overall, systems of care developed over time in both the infrastructure and service delivery domains. Although infrastructure scores were generally lower than service delivery scores, greater gains were seen for the infrastructure domain. Three groups of sites were identified that could be distinguished in terms of degree of development overall, and for specific system of care principles. The groups of sites differed in terms of community factors, system features, and client characteristics. In addition, repeated measures analyses found differential growth in system development over time across groups.
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24
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Nageswaran S, Ip EH, Golden SL, O’Shea TM, Easterling D. Inter-agency collaboration in the care of children with complex chronic conditions. Acad Pediatr 2012; 12:189-97. [PMID: 22583632 PMCID: PMC3354334 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to describe the network of collaboration among agencies that serve children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and identify gaps in the network. METHODS We surveyed representatives from agencies that serve children with CCCs in Forsyth County, North Carolina, about their agencies' existing and desired collaborations with other agencies in the network. We used Social Network Analytical (SNA) methods to describe gaps in the network. Mean out-degree and in-degree centrality (number of collaborative ties extending from or directed toward an agency) and density (ratio of extant ties to all possible ties) were measured. RESULTS In this network with 3658 possible collaborative ties, care-coordination agencies and pediatric practices reported the highest existing collaborations with other agencies (out-degree centrality: 32 and 30, respectively). Pediatric practices reported strong ties with subspecialty clinics (density: 73%), but weak ties with family support services (density: 3%). Pediatric practices and subspecialty clinics (in-degree: 26) received the highest collaborative ties from other agencies. Support services and durable medical equipment (DME) companies reported low ties with other agencies (out-degree: 7 and 10, respectively). Nursing agencies reported the highest desired collaborations (out-degree: 18). Support services, pediatric practices, and care-coordination programs had the highest in-degree centrality (7, 6, and 6, respectively) for desired collaborations. Nursing agencies and support services had the greatest gaps in collaboration. CONCLUSION Although collaboration exists among agencies serving children with CCCs, there are many gaps in the network. Future studies should explore barriers and facilitators to inter-agency collaborations and whether increased collaboration in the network improves patient-level outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savithri Nageswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Edward H. Ip
- Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Shannon L. Golden
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Douglas Easterling
- Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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25
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Bess KD, Speer PW, Perkins DD. Ecological contexts in the development of coalitions for youth violence prevention: an organizational network analysis. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2011; 39:526-37. [PMID: 22002248 DOI: 10.1177/1090198111419656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Community coalitions are a recognized strategy for addressing pressing public health problems. Despite the promise of coalitions as an effective prevention strategy, results linking coalition efforts to positive community outcomes are mixed. To date, research has primarily focused on determining organizational attributes related to successful internal coalition functioning. The authors' research complements and adds to this literature by offering a network conceptualization of coalition formation in which coalition participation is studied within the broader context of local organizational networks both within and beyond a coalition. The authors examine participation in the first year of a youth violence prevention coalition exploring both differences between participating and nonparticipating organizations and levels of participation. Each network variable, reflecting prior collaboration and being viewed by other organizations as a local leader, approximately doubled the explained variance in coalition participation beyond the predictive power of all available organizational attributes combined. Results suggest that initial coalition participation emerged out of a preexisting network of interorganizational relations and provide an alternative perspective on coalition formation that goes beyond conceptual orientations that treat coalitions as bounded organizational entities that exist apart from the communities in which they are embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Bess
- Center for Community Studies, Peabody College of Education & Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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26
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Buchwald D, Dick RW. Weaving the native web: using social network analysis to demonstrate the value of a minority career development program. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2011; 86:778-86. [PMID: 21512364 PMCID: PMC3127457 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e318217e824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE American Indian and Alaska Native scientists are consistently among the most underrepresented minority groups in health research. The authors used social network analysis (SNA) to evaluate the Native Investigator Development Program (NIDP), a career development program for junior Native researchers established as a collaboration between the University of Washington and the University of Colorado Denver. METHOD The study focused on 29 trainees and mentors who participated in the NIDP. Data were collected on manuscripts and grant proposals produced by participants from 1998 to 2007. Information on authorship of manuscripts and collaborations on grant applications was used to conduct social network analyses with three measures of centrality and one measure of network reach. Both visual and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS Participants in the NIDP collaborated on 106 manuscripts and 83 grant applications. Although three highly connected individuals, with critical and central roles in the program, accounted for much of the richness of the network, both current core faculty and "graduates" of the program were heavily involved in collaborations on manuscripts and grants. CONCLUSIONS This study's innovative application of SNA demonstrates that collaborative relationships can be an important outcome of career development programs for minority investigators and that an analysis of these relationships can provide a more complete assessment of the value of such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedra Buchwald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1730 Minor Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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27
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Dedrick RF, Greenbaum PE. Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Scale Measuring Interagency Collaboration of Children's Mental Health Agencies. JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS 2011; 19:27-40. [PMID: 21528103 PMCID: PMC3082154 DOI: 10.1177/1063426610365879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the 12-item, three-factor Interagency Collaboration Activities Scale (IACS) at the informant level and at the agency level. Results from 378 professionals (104 administrators, 201 service providers, and 73 case managers) from 32 children's mental health service agencies supported a correlated three-factor model at each level and indicated that the item loadings were not significantly (p < .05) different across levels. Reliability estimates of the three factors (Financial and Physical Resource Activities, Program Development and Evaluation Activities, and Collaborative Policy Activities) at the agency level were .81, .60, and .72, respectively, while these estimates were .79, .82, and .85 at the individual level. These multilevel results provide support for the construct validity of the scores from the IACS. When the IACS was examined in relation to level-1 and level-2 covariates, results showed that participants' characteristics (i.e., age, job role, gender, educational level, and number of months employed) and agency characteristics (i.e., state location and number of employees) were not significantly (p > .05) related to levels of interagency collaboration.
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28
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[Cooperation and networking in early prevention and intervention and child protection: the importance of evidence-based methods]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2010; 59:731-43. [PMID: 21162327 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2010.59.9.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prevention, intervention and child protection in early childhood essentially need well-established interdisciplinary systematic networking. Individual, heterogeneous and complex needs of families cannot be met by one profession alone. Successful cooperation of various institutions and professions is based on fixed arrangements and cooperation pathways. Networking has to be systematically established in everyday routine to be able to work in difficult emergency cases of child protection. Only well established cooperation is experienced as a support for the participants of the network and not as an additional complication. Prerequisite for such a development of favorable conditions is an evidence-based knowledge of the impact of different structures of cooperation, relations and conditions. This requires data collection with the aim of further empirically based development of local network structures. Three tools for such surveys have been developed and tested in the field.
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29
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[Social network analysis of interdisciplinary cooperation and networking in early prevention and intervention. A pilot study]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010; 53:1134-42. [PMID: 20976431 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-010-1147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Child protection can only be successfully solved by interdisciplinary cooperation and networking. The individual, heterogeneous, and complex needs of families cannot be met sufficiently by one profession alone. To guarantee efficient interdisciplinary cooperation, there should not be any gaps in the network. In addition, each actor in the network should be placed at an optimal position regarding function, responsibilities, and skills. Actors that serve as allocators, such as pediatricians or youth welfare officers, should be in key player positions within the network. Furthermore, successful child protection is preventive and starts early. Social network analysis is an adequate technique to assess network structures and to plan interventions to improve networking. In addition, it is very useful to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions like round tables. We present data from our pilot project which was part of "Guter Start ins Kinderleben" ("a good start into a child's life"). Exemplary network data from one community show that networking is already quite effective with a satisfactory mean density throughout the network. There is potential for improvement in cooperation, especially at the interface between the child welfare and health systems.
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30
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Janssens A, Peremans L, Deboutte D. Conceptualizing collaboration between children's services and child and adolescent psychiatry: A bottom--up process based on a qualitative needs assessment among the professionals. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010; 15:251-66. [PMID: 20179020 DOI: 10.1177/1359104509340651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the need of professionals of children's services and child and adolescent psychiatry to collaborate. This study aimed to explore the perception of practitioners of both services with regard to a future collaborative partnership improving the wellbeing of children in children's services. Eight focus groups were performed and analysed, following the principles of the Grounded Theory. The focus groups revealed that the professionals agree considerably concerning the outlines of the collaboration. They agree upon the primary goal of the partnership, their expected role and tasks. In addition, the partnership should develop in an atmosphere of mutual respect and with the intention to provide the best care for the child. The results of the focus groups are discussed in consideration of a future implementation of interventions on developing best practices at the intersection of children's services and child and adolescent psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Janssens
- University of Antwerp, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, ZNA University Centre Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Antwerp, Belgium.
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31
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Barnes M, Maclean J, Cousens L. Understanding the structure of community collaboration: the case of one Canadian health promotion network. Health Promot Int 2010; 25:238-47. [PMID: 20190267 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daq002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2004, over 6.8 million Canadians were considered overweight, with an additional 2.4 million labeled clinically obese. Due to these escalating levels of obesity in Canada, physical activity is being championed by politicians, physicians, educators and community members as a means to address this health crisis. In doing so, many organizations are being called upon to provide essential physical activity services and programs to combat rising obesity rates. Yet, strategies for achieving these organizations' mandates, which invariably involve stretching already scarce resources, are difficult to implement and sustain. One strategy for improving the health and physical activity levels of people in communities has been the creation of inter-organizational networks of service providers. Yet, little is known about whether networks are effective in addressing policy issues in non-clinical health settings. The purpose of this investigation was 2-fold; to use whole network analysis to determine the structure of one health promotion network in Canada, and to identify the types of ties shared by actors in the health network. Findings revealed a network wherein information sharing constituted the basis for collaboration, whereas efforts related to sharing resources, marketing and/or fundraising endeavors were less evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Barnes
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Road, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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Valente TW, Coronges KA, Stevens GD, Cousineau MR. Collaboration and competition in a children's health initiative coalition: a network analysis. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2008; 31:392-402. [PMID: 18639933 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Activating communities to achieve public health change and initiate policy reform usually requires collective action from many entities. This case study analyzes inter-organizational networks among members of a coalition created to expand health insurance coverage to uninsured children in a large metropolitan area. Six networks were measured: collaboration, competition, formal agreements, receive funding from, send funding to, and greater communication. The response rate was 65.8% (50 of the 76 active members). Positive network questions such as "who do you collaborate with" elicited many network choices whereas negative ones such as "who do you compete with" elicited few. The collaboration network had a core-periphery structure and analysis showed that a large network can be reduced to a small set of core organizations one-sixth the size of the whole. Centrality (out- and in-degree) was associated with perceived organizational function and perceived barriers to success. For example, organizations that received many choices as collaboration partners were more likely to perceive the coalition functioned well than those who received few choices. The study suggests that perceptions of organizational performance are associated with position in the network, central members are more likely to perceive the organization performs well than those on the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1000 Fremont Avenue, Building A Room 5133, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA
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