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Si W, Liu J, Wang Y, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Guo K, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhang F. IL-8 promotes lens capsular residual cells migration by down-regulates expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 via the CXCR1/2-NF-κB-RhoA signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113074. [PMID: 39244903 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior capsular opacification is a major complication following cataract surgery, marked by proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis of residual epithelial cells. Various inflammatory cytokines are upregulated and contribute to the development of posterior capsular opacification. The effect of interleukin-8 on residual epithelial cells has not been fully determined. METHODS Aqueous humor and anterior capsules samples were collected from cataract surgery. Capsular bags from rats and pigs were cultured in DMEM media. Protein and mRNA expressions were measured using immunoblot and qPCR. Cell migration was assessed using the transwell assay. RESULTS Interleukin-8 is an early inflammatory factor secreted by residual lens epithelial cells. Migration of lens epithelial cells in aqueous humor positively correlates with interleukin-8 levels, and this effect is inhibited by the receptors of interleukin-8 CXCR1/2 blocker Reparaxin. The expression of tight-junction protein ZO-1 and cell-adhesion protein E-cadherin were down-regulated by administrating interleukin-8, and cell migration of both SRA01/04 cell line in vitro and capsular residual epithelial cells ex vivo were up-regulated via activating RhoA expression and RhoA/GTPase activity. The loss-of- function studies demonstrate that interleukin-8 binding to its receptor CXCR1/2 activates NF-κB/p65, which then turns on the RhoA's expression and RhoA/GTPase activity, and RhoA-modulated the downexpression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 and the increase of cell migration. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation in interleukin-8 occurs early in posterior capsular opacification and contributes to down-regulating tight-junctions among epithelial cells and elevates cell migration via the CXCR1/2-NF-κB-RhoA signaling pathway. These demonstrated that interleukin-8 could be a potential target for preventing posterior capsular opacification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su Xu
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keyu Guo
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The jointed National Laboratory of Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Vardar C, George-Weinstein M, Getts R, Byrne ME. Evaluation of Dose-Response Relationship in Novel Extended Release of Targeted Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers to Treat Secondary Cataracts. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:459-466. [PMID: 38899506 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the dose-response relationship between targeted nanocarriers released from a novel, sustained release formulation and their ability to specifically deplete cells responsible for the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in month-long, dynamic cell cultures. Methods: Injectable, thermosensitive poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) triblock copolymer hydrogels were loaded with either a low or a high dose of doxorubicin-loaded antibody-targeted nanocarriers (G8:3DNA:Dox). Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, selected for their expression of PCO marker brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), were kept under dynamic media flow and received either a low or high dose of nanocarriers. Cells were fixed and stained at predetermined time points to evaluate targeted depletion of BAI1+ cells. Results: A lower dose of nanocarriers in hydrogel depleted BAI1+ cells at a slower rate than the higher dose, whereas both reached over 90% BAI1+ cellular nonviability at 28 days. Both treatment groups also significantly lowered the relative abundance of BAI1+ cells in the population compared with the control group. Conclusions: Controlled release of a lower dose of nanocarriers can still achieve therapeutically relevant effects in the prevention of PCO, while avoiding potential secondary effects associated with the administration of a higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vardar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Mark E Byrne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
- OcuMedic, Inc., Mullica Hill, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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Bu Q, Zhu H, Cao G, Gong G, Su Y, Ge Q, Zhu W, Li Z, Pan X. Targeting mechanics-induced trabecular meshwork dysfunction through YAP-TGFβ Ameliorates high myopia-induced ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109853. [PMID: 38453038 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
High myopia is a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The pathological mechanism of high myopia induced POAG occurrence is not fully understood. In this study, we successfully established the guinea pig model of ocular hypertension with high myopia, and demonstrated the susceptibility of high myopia for the occurrence of microbead-induced glaucoma compared with non-myopia group and the effect of YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway in TM pathogenesis induced by high myopia. Moreover, we performed stretching treatment on primary trabecular meshwork (TM) cells to simulate the mechanical environment of high myopia. It was found that stretching treatment disrupted the cytoskeleton, decreased phagocytic function, enhanced ECM remodeling, and promoted cell apoptosis. The experiments of mechanics-induced human TM cell lines appeared the similar trend. Mechanically, the differential expressed genes of TM cells caused by stretch treatment enriched YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway. To inhibit YAP/TGF-β signaling pathway effectively reversed mechanics-induced TM damage. Together, this study enriches mechanistic insights of high myopia induced POAG susceptibility and provides a potential target for the prevention of POAG with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Bu
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Guangliang Cao
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ganyu Gong
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 271016, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Qingshu Ge
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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Wang Y, Wen C, Jing R, Yang Y, Qin Y, Qi T, Hu C, Bai X, Wu C, Pei C. Self-assembled coating with a metal-polyphenolic network for intraocular lens modification to prevent posterior capsule opacification. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025011. [PMID: 38194710 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1c9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a main complication after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation and is attributed to residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) migrating to the IOL surface and posterior capsules. IOL surface modification has been a newly-developing research filed in recent years; however, the applicability and economical acquisition of modified materials remain unsolved. In this study, we first applied a metal-polyphenolic network coating with a self-assembly technique on the IOL surface by using tannic acid (TA) combined with AlCl3, which are easily acquire and applying on the IOL surface to solve the IOL transmittance affair. Using wound healing and Transwell assay to verify AZD0364 inhibits cell migration (P< 0.05), the lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammation model to verify pterostilbene (PTE) inhibits the inflammatory reaction (P< 0.01). By optimizes its self-assembly coating parameters and calculating its drug release kinetics, we successfully loaded these two drugs on the coating, named TA (AZD0364/PTE) IOL. Its surface morphology characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectrometer and water contact angle. The optical performance was carefully investigated by optical instruments and equipment (n= 3). Thein vitroresults showed that TA (AZD0364/PTE) IOL can significantly inhibit cell adhesion and acute inflammation (n= 3,P< 0.0001). Importantly, afterin vivoimplantation for 28 d with eight rabbits PCO models in two groups, the TA (AZD0364/PTE) IOL group maintained clear refracting media and decreased the inflammatory reaction compared with the original IOL group (P< 0.05). This study provides a new applicable and economical strategy for preventing PCO and offers a reference for the next generation of IOLs that benefit cataract patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshan Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changrui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Agarwal S, Thornell E. YAG Capsulotomy Rates in Patients Following Cataract Surgery and Implantation of New Hydrophobic Preloaded Intraocular Lens in an Australian Cohort: 3-Year Results. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3637-3643. [PMID: 38026609 PMCID: PMC10680474 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s437537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the risk of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) following implantation of the Clareon lens. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for 484 consecutive eyes that had undergone phacoemulsification and implantation of a monofocal lens (CNA0T) between April 2018 and February 2020. Eyes with other ocular pathology that may affect outcomes, previous refractive surgery or eyes corrected for a near target were excluded. Incidence of PCO and YAG capsulotomy was recorded and regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors associated with PCO formation. Results Overall incidence of PCO following implantation of the CNA0T monofocal lens was 3.7% (18 eyes) at 1 year with 1.9% (9 eyes) undergoing YAG capsulotomy. At 3 years, 8.7% (42 eyes) had developed PCO and 4.1% (20 eyes) had undergone YAG capsulotomy cumulatively. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG; OR = 6.53; 95% CI = 18.68, 2.28; P = 0.0005), age-related macular degeneration (AMD; OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 5.21, 1.06; P = 0.036), vitreomacular traction (VMT; OR = 7.32; 95% CI = 45.08, 1.19; P = 0.032), retinal vein occlusion (RVO; OR = 8.42; 95% CI = 38.99, 1.82; P = 0.006) and history of anti-VEGF therapy (OR = 3.22; 95% CI = 10.26, 1.01; P = 0.048) were positively associated with an increased risk of PCO. Conclusions Incidence of PCO requiring YAG capsulotomy was relatively low. However, certain co-morbidities were found to increase the risk of PCO development, most significantly POAG and RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Agarwal
- Wollongong Eye Specialists, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Thornell
- Wollongong Eye Specialists, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Li X, Li J, Sun D, Ma T, Chen W, Ye Z, Li Z. Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 9768 eyes. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1893-1912. [PMID: 37133707 PMCID: PMC10287599 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. In this study, we develop a model to quantitatively predict the probability of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for vision-threatening PCO to improve the life quality of postoperative patients. METHODS A registry analysis of cataract procedures performed between the years 2010 and 2021. Following the screening of 16,802 patients (25,883 eyes), 9768 patients (eyes) were enrolled. The cohort was randomly divided into two groups: training (n = 6838) and validation (n = 2930). To identify relevant risk factors, univariate, multivariate, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm Cox regression analysis were employed, and a nomogram was created to demonstrate the prediction result. RESULTS At 5 years, the overall cumulative incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was 12.0% (1169/9768). The following variables were included in the prediction model: sex [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.53, 95% CI 1.32-1.76], age (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.88), intraocular lens (IOL) material (HR = 2.65, 95% CI 2.17-3.24), high myopia (HR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.90-2.75), and fibrinogen (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.72-0.88). In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictions for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy were 0.702, 0.691, and 0.688, respectively. For a subgroup of patients with high myopia, the protective effect of hydrophobic IOL disappeared (HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-1.12, P = 0.127). CONCLUSION This model could predict the probability of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for vision-threatening PCO after cataract surgery by taking into account factors such as age, gender, IOL material, high myopia, and fibrinogen. Meanwhile, implantation of a hydrophobic IOL in individuals with high myopia did not demonstrate a protective impact against vision-threatening PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlong Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Jinglan Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Di Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
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Xiao R, Lei C, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Interleukin-6 in retinal diseases: From pathogenesis to therapy. Exp Eye Res 2023:109556. [PMID: 37385535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in immunomodulation, inflammation, increases vascular permeability, hematopoiesis, and stimulates cell proliferation, among other biological processes. It exerts effects primarily through the classic and trans-signaling pathways. Many studies have demonstrated that IL-6 plays a critical role in the development of retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinal vein occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Thus, the progressive development of drugs targeting IL-6 and IL-6 receptor may play a role in the treatment of multiple retinal diseases. In this article, we comprehensively review the IL-6's biological functions of and its mechanisms in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the drugs targeting IL-6 and its receptor and prospect their potential application in retinal diseases, hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Li Y, Zhao J, Yin Y, Li K, Zhang C, Zheng Y. The Role of IL-6 in Fibrotic Diseases: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5405-5414. [PMID: 36147459 PMCID: PMC9461670 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.75876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a detrimental outcome of most chronic inflammatory disorders and is defined by the buildup of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which eventually leads to organ failure and death. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is promptly produced by immune cells in response to tissue injuries and has a wide range of effects on cellular processes such as acute responses, hematopoiesis, and immune reactions. Furthermore, high levels of IL-6 have been found in a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by fibrosis, and this factor plays a significant role in fibrosis in various organs via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) activation. Here, we review what is known about the role of IL-6 in fibrosis and why targeting IL-6 for fibrotic disease treatment makes sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wen C, Wang C, Hu C, Qi T, Jing R, Wang Y, Zhang M, Shao Y, Pei C. REPS2 downregulation facilitates FGF-induced adhesion and migration in human lens epithelial cells through FAK/Cdc42 signaling and contributes to posterior capsule opacification. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110378. [PMID: 35690292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) can cause postoperative visual loss after cataract surgery. Residual human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) are the entitative reasons for PCO. Low expression of Ral-binding protein 1-associated Eps domain-containing 2 (REPS2) and high levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) were observed in the lens and postoperative aqueous humor of cataract patients. REPS2 was identified as a negative regulator in growth factor signaling; however, its function in HLECs is unknown. This was first investigated in the present study by evaluating REPS2 expression in anterior lens capsules from cataract patients, a mouse cataract model, and HLE-b3 cells. The biological function of REPS2 in HLE-B3 cells was assessed by REPS2 silencing and Cell Counting Kit 8, wound healing, Transwell migration, F-actin staining, G-protein pulldown and western blot assays. In the present study, REPS2 was significantly downregulated in human and mouse cataract capsules and H2O2-treated HLE-B3 cells. REPS2 knockdown increased fibronectin, type I collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin expression levels and stimulated HLECs proliferation and migration; these effects were enhanced by FGF treatment and accompanied with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) activation, focal adhesion protein upregulation, and F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization. However, treatment with the FAK inhibitor PF573228 abolished these effects. Thus, REPS2 downregulation in cataract HLECs induces their proliferation and facilitates FGF-induced ECM synthesis, EMT, cell adhesion and migration by activating FAK/Cdc42 signaling, which may underlie PCO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, second affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, first affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Liu YC, Setiawan M, Chin JY, Wu B, Ong HS, Lamoureux E, Mehta JS. Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 1-Year Outcomes of Low-Energy Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery versus Conventional Phacoemulsification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:811093. [PMID: 34977102 PMCID: PMC8718704 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.811093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare 1-year clinical outcomes, phacoemulsification energy, aqueous profiles, and patient-reported outcomes of low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) vs. conventional phacoemulsification. Methods: The study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with paired-eye design. Eighty-five patients were randomized to receive FLACS (Ziemer LDV Z8) in one eye and conventional phacoemulsification in the fellow eye. Clinical data including phacoemulsification energy parameters (cumulative dissipated energy, phacoemulsification power, and phacoemulsification time), uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UCDVA and BCDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell count (ECC), anterior chamber flare, and post-operative complications were obtained for 1 year. Aqueous humor was collected for the analysis of prostaglandin (PGE)2, cytokines and chemokines concentrations. Patients' reported-outcomes on surgical experiences were evaluated using an in-house questionnaire. Results: Compared to conventional phacoemulsification, the low-energy assisted FLACS group had significantly less ECC reduction at 3 months (1.5 ± 0.3% vs. 7.0 ± 2.4%; P < 0.01) and 1 year (8.2 ± 2.8% vs. 11.2 ± 3.6%; P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in the phacoemulsification energy parameters, UCDVA, BCDVA, MRSE, CCT, occurrence of post-operative complications between the 2 groups throughout post-operative 1 year. Patients' subjective surgical experiences, including the surgical duration and perceived inconvenience, were comparable between the 2 groups. FLACS resulted in significantly higher aqueous PGE2 (P < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.03), IL-8 (P = 0.03), and interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.04) concentrations and greater anterior chamber flare at 1 day (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Our RCT presented 1-year longitudinal clinical and laboratory data. The long-term ECC result was more favorable in low-energy FLACS. The rest of the intraoperative and post-operative outcomes, as well as patient-reported outcomes, were comparable between these two procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melina Setiawan
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Chin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Population Health Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Health Services and System Research Department, Population Health Research, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Feiyue L, Yang L, Zhao J, Yu Q. An evaluation of the inhibition effects of cell migration of Aspirin soaking 360°square-edge intraocular lens in an in vitro lens capsule model. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:565-572. [PMID: 34935556 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2012201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study performs to evaluate the Hydrophobic and Hydrosmart 360°square-edge intraocular lens drug delivery of Aspirin using an in vitro lens capsular model. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to calculate 50% inhibiting concentration values in both SRA01/04 and HLE-B3 cells. Hoechst staining and transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation and cell migration. The in vitro lens capsule model was established mainly with a special transwell-col and cell climbing sheet, in which an intraocular lens and the TGF-β2 were added. The ultraviolet spectrophotometer was used to measure the drug concentrations released in vitro. Cell-exclusion zone assay was used to detect the cell migration in the in vitro capsular model. RESULTS It shows that cell morphology and distribution of SRA01/04 in the in vitro lens capsular model were closer to those in vivo. The results revealed that there could be significant inhibiting effects on cell migration of the hydrosmart intraocular lens with a sustained drug release in vitro in 7 days, while the hydrophobic intraocular lens drug delivery of Aspirin was mainly performed only from day 1 to day 3. CONCLUSIONS Results showed the developed hydrosmart intraocular lens could release Aspirin continuously in vitro to inhibit the cell migration of lens epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Feiyue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangyue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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FILIP1L-mediated cell apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis aggravate posterior capsular opacification. Life Sci 2021; 286:120061. [PMID: 34666037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and cell migration of residual lens cells constitute the canonical mechanisms of posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Recently, myofibroblast cell apoptosis is also observed in the rabbit PCO model. However, whether cell apoptosis is a key factor affecting PCO and regulates EMT/ECM synthesis/cell migration remains obscure. MAIN METHODS Flow cytometry was utilized to assess cell cycle and apoptosis. EMT marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), ECM markers fibronectin (Fn), type 1 collagen (COL-1) and apoptosis-associated proteins in the presence or absence of EMT/ECM inhibitor (LY2109761), apoptosis inhibitor (ZVAD) or apoptosis activator (BTSA1) were detected by Western blotting. Downstream effector genes in apoptosis-induced lens epithelial cell lines (LECs) were analyzed by RNA-seq. Gene silencing and overexpression in LECs were performed to validate the role of effector genes. We measured cell migration capability using Wound healing and Transwell assays. KEY FINDINGS We found that TGF-β2 induced cell apoptosis. ZVAD inhibited α-SMA expression in the ex vivo capsule model and decreased the expression of both EMT and ECM markers in TGF-β2-treated LECs. RNA-seq revealed that FILIP1L was significantly decreased in apoptosis-activated cells. We further validated that the knockdown of FILIP1L could enhance EMT and ECM synthesis and promote cell migration and that FILIP1L overexpression could reverse these effects. Apoptosis might contribute to TGF-β2-induced EMT and ECM synthesis during PCO, and these contributions are mediated by FILIP1L. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings uncover the role of apoptosis in PCO development and provide new drug targets.
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Factors Affecting Posterior Capsule Opacification in the Development of Intraocular Lens Materials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060860. [PMID: 34200928 PMCID: PMC8230425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication arising from the corrective surgery used to treat cataract patients. PCO arises when lens epithelial cells (LEC) residing in the capsular bag post-surgery undergo hyper-proliferation and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, migrating from the posterior capsule over the visual axis of the newly implanted intraocular lens (IOL). The developmental pathways underlying PCO are yet to be fully understood and the current literature is contradictory regarding the impact of the recognised risk factors of PCO. The aim of this review is firstly to collate the known biochemical pathways that lead to PCO development, providing an up-to-date chronological overview from surgery to established PCO formation. Secondly, the risk factors of PCO are evaluated, focussing on the impact of IOLs’ properties. Finally, the latest experimental model designs used in PCO research are discussed to demonstrate the ongoing development of clinical PCO models, the efficacy of newly developed IOL technology, and potential therapeutic interventions. This review will contribute to current PCO literature by presenting an updated overview of the known developmental pathways of PCO, an evaluation of the impact of the risk factors underlying its development, and the latest experimental models used to investigate PCO. Furthermore, the review should provide developmental routes for research into the investigation of potential therapeutic interventions and improvements in IOL design in the aid of preventing PCO for new and existing patients.
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Jin J, Qian F, Zheng D, He W, Gong J, He Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Renal Fibrosis via Exosomes-Mediated Delivery of microRNA Let-7i-5p Antagomir. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3565-3578. [PMID: 34079249 PMCID: PMC8164705 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process affecting kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have been shown to alleviate renal fibrosis and injury, but the mechanism of MSCs-Exo-induced renal protection remains unknown. Methods In this study, MSCs were transfected with let-7i-5p antagomir (anti-let-7i-5p), and then exosomes were isolated from the transfected MSCs to deliver anti-let-7i-5p oligonucleotides to inhibit the level of let-7i-5p in kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Results In both NRK-52E cells stimulated by TGF-β1 and the mouse kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we demonstrated increased level of let-7i-5p. In addition, MSCs-Exo can deliver anti-let-7i-5p to reduce the level of let-7i-5p in NRK-52E cells and increase the expression of its target gene TSC1. Moreover, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated NRK-52E cells and in the kidneys of UUO-treated mice. Meanwhile, mice received exosomal anti-let-7i-5p displayed reduced renal fibrosis and improved kidney function when challenged with UUO. Furthermore, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p promoted the activation the tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1/mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC1/mTOR) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion In conclusion, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p from MSCs exerts anti-fibrotic effects in TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic responses in NRK52E cells in vitro as well as in UUO-induced renal fibrosis model in vivo. These results provided a novel perspective on improving renal fibrosis by MSCs-Exo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen X, Yan H, Chen Y, Li G, Bin Y, Zhou X. Moderate oxidative stress promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the lens epithelial cells via the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1631-1642. [PMID: 33417163 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in fibrosis and migration of lens epithelial cells (LECs), and eventually induces posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In the past, it was generally believed that the TGF-β/Smad pathway regulates lens EMT. A recent study found that attenuated glutathione level promotes LECs EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which suggests a more complex pathogenesis of PCO. To test the hypothesis, we used the mouse cataract surgery PCO model and tested both canonical Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. The results showed that both TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were activated during the lens capsule fibrosis. Compared with the freshly isolated posterior capsule, the expression level of phosphorylated Smad2 was highest at day3 and then slightly decreased, but the expression level of Wnt10a gradually increased from day0 to day7. It shows that these two pathways are involved in the lens epithelium's fibrotic process and may play different roles in different periods. Subsequently, we established oxidative stress-induced EMT model in primary porcine lens epithelial cells and found that both the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were activated. Further study suggests that block Wnt/β-catenin pathway using XAV939 alone or block TGF-β/Smad pathway using LY2109761 could partially block pLECs fibrosis, but blocking Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad pathway using combined XAV939 and LY2109761 could completely block pLECs fibrosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both TGF-β/Smad and canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways play a significant role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of lens epithelial cells but might be in a different stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yue Bin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Parreno J, Amadeo MB, Kwon EH, Fowler VM. Tropomyosin 3.1 Association With Actin Stress Fibers is Required for Lens Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:2. [PMID: 32492110 PMCID: PMC7415280 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cause of anterior and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Central to EMT is the formation of actin stress fibers. Selective targeting of actin stress fiber-associated tropomyosin (Tpm) in epithelial cells may be a means to prevent stress fiber formation and repress lens EMT. Methods We identified Tpm isoforms in mouse immortalized lens epithelial cells and epithelial and fiber cells from whole lenses by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed Sanger sequencing. We focused on the role of one particular tropomyosin isoform, Tpm3.1, in EMT. To induce EMT, we treated cells or native lenses with TGFβ2. To test the function of Tpm3.1, we exposed cells or whole lenses to a Tpm3.1-specific chemical inhibitor, TR100, as well as investigated lenses from Tpm3.1 knockout mice. We examined stress fiber formation by confocal microscopy and assessed EMT progression by analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) mRNA (real-time RT-PCR), and protein (Western immunoassay [WES]). Results Lens epithelial cells express eight Tpm isoforms. Cell culture studies showed that TGFβ2 treatment results in the upregulation of Tpm3.1, which associates with actin in stress fibers. TR100 prevents stress fiber formation and reduces αSMA in TGFβ2-treated cells. Using an ex vivo lens culture model, TGFβ2 treatment results in stress fiber formation at the basal regions of the epithelial cells. Genetic knockout of Tpm3.1 or treatment of lenses with TR100 prevents basal stress fiber formation and reduces epithelial αSMA levels. Conclusions Targeting specific stress fiber associated tropomyosin isoform, Tpm3.1, is a means to repress lens EMT.
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17
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Qi T, Jing R, Wen C, Hu C, Wang Y, Pei C, Ma B. Interleukin-6 promotes migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:629-638. [PMID: 32997263 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of surgical failure in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) treatment. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell proliferation, migration, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) are intrinsic to the formation of a PVR membrane. High level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been found in the vitreous of PVR patients, while the role of IL-6 in RPE cells remaining further characterized. In the present study, we evaluated the potential regulatory effects of IL-6 on cell migration, ECM components, and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) expression in RPE cells. Furthermore, cell counting kit-8 (CCK‑8) assay was used to investigate cell proliferation activity. We found that IL-6 promoted fibronectin (Fn) and type I collagen (COL-1), TGF-β2 expression in RPE cells, also stimulate RPE cell migration effectively. Moreover, the induction of IL-6 activated the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT3) and the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways significantly. Simultaneously, both JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways inhibitors, WP1066 and BAY11-7082, alleviated IL-6-induced biological effects, respectively. However, it was noted that IL-6 had little effect on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Collectively, our results reveal that IL-6 promotes RPE cell migration and ECM synthesis via activating JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which may play a crucial role in PVR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao Y, Deng X, Chang P, Hu M, Li Z, Zhang F, Ding X, Zhao Y. Expression Profiles of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor of Children after Congenital Cataract Extraction. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:3. [PMID: 32855850 PMCID: PMC7422780 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the change in cytokine microenvironment of the aqueous humor (AH) after surgery in children with congenital or developmental cataracts. Methods AH samples were obtained from 59 eyes diagnosed with a congenital or developmental cataract. Thirty-three of these eyes were aphakic following previous cataract surgery and were scheduled for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Additionally, AH samples from 26 eyes that had not undergone surgery were taken. AH samples were then analyzed for 16 different inflammatory immune mediators using multiplex bead immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The mean interval between secondary IOL implantation and original cataract surgery was 24.85 months (range, 9–60 months). Levels of IL-6, IP-10 (CXCL10), MCP-1 (CCL2), and IL-2 were significantly elevated in the AH of eyes after surgery compared to eyes that did not undergo surgery (P < 0.001, P = 0.047, P = 0.006, P = 0.012, respectively). There was significant correlation between the levels of TGF-β2 and intraocular pressure (IOP) in postsurgical and nonsurgical eyes (r = 0.532, P = 0.006; r = 0.57, P = 0.001). Postsurgical outcomes, such as iris adhesions, capsular fibrosis, and capsular contraction, were found not to be significantly associated with cytokine levels in the AH after surgery; however, IL-6 levels in capsular exposure eyes were significantly higher than those in cortical closure eyes (P = 0.023). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to report significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the AH after congenital cataract extraction in children. Our study also suggests that this proinflammatory state may be maintained for a prolonged period of time. Overall, these results give us insight into the relationship between the inflammatory cytokine microenvironment of the aqueous humor and potential long-term complications following congenital cataract surgery. Translational Relevance The inflammatory cytokine microenvironment of the aqueous humor might help explain potential long-term complications after surgery in patients with congenital or developmental cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Zhao
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingjun Chang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Hu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangliang Li
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixia Ding
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yune Zhao
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ling J, Tan K, Lu L, Yang F, Luan L. lncRNA MIAT increases cell viability, migration, EMT and ECM production in age-related cataracts by regulating the miR-181a/CTGF/ERK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1053-1063. [PMID: 32742346 PMCID: PMC7388250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract (ARC) is a common cause of blindness in elderly individuals. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) has been reported to participate in various biological processes in a number of diseases; however, the biological mechanism underlying MIAT during ARC is not completely understood. The expression levels of MIAT, microRNA (miR)-181a and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of CTGF, α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen type I, ERK, phosphorylated (p)-ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), and p-MEK were detected by western blotting. Cell viability and migration were assessed using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. Moreover, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the interaction between miR-181a and MIAT or CTGF. MIAT and CTGF were upregulated, while miR-181a was significantly downregulated in ARC tissues compared with normal tissues. MIAT or CTGF knockdown decreased cell viability, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix production in TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. It was hypothesized that miR-181a may be sponged by MIAT and may target CTGF. Furthermore, the miR-181a inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of MIAT knockdown on the progression of TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. Moreover, CTGF knockdown also reversed MIAT overexpression-mediated progression of TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. In addition, MIAT and CTGF regulated the activity of the ERK signaling pathway. The results suggested that MIAT may regulate the progression of ARC via the miR-181a/CTGF/ERK signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Kassumeh S, Kueres A, Hillenmayer A, von Studnitz A, Elhardt C, Ohlmann A, Priglinger SG, Wertheimer CM. Development of a drug-eluting intraocular lens to deliver epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib for posterior capsule opacification prophylaxis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 31:436-444. [PMID: 31789061 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119891042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different molecular targets, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, have been identified for the prophylaxis of posterior capsule opacification. This led to the proposal of several drugs, yet drug delivery into the capsular bag remains challenging. The intraocular lens as a drug delivery device would provide a convenient method to allow drug release in the location needed. This is to evaluate the effect of a drug-eluting intraocular lens using an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. METHODS Hydrophobic and hydrophilic intraocular lenses were coated with gefitinib using the dip coating technique. The cellular response on the modified intraocular lenses was tested in a human lens epithelial cell line (FHL-124) in an anterior segment model. Furthermore, modified intraocular lenses were implanted into human capsular bags ex vivo. Drug release was determined as well as the biocompatibility on human corneal endothelial cells. Unmodified intraocular lenses served as controls. In addition, immunofluorescence staining with fibronectin as a marker for fibrotic response was conducted. RESULTS Both coated hydrophilic and hydrophobic intraocular lenses could attenuate the cell growth of FHL-124 cells in the human capsular bag in comparison to the unmodified controls. Furthermore, gefitinib-soaked intraocular lenses showed a constant drug release over the first 10 days. No reduction in cell viability of corneal endothelial cells occurred. A decrease in fibronectin expression under gefitinib treatment could be observed. CONCLUSION In vitro epidermal growth factor receptor seems to be a valuable target for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. The gefitinib-eluting intraocular lens in this study could inhibit cell growth in non-toxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kassumeh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kueres
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Hillenmayer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annabel von Studnitz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Elhardt
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried G Priglinger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Wertheimer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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21
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Jing R, Qi T, Wen C, Yue J, Wang G, Pei C, Ma B. Interleukin-2 induces extracellular matrix synthesis and TGF-β2 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:410-418. [PMID: 31608440 PMCID: PMC6899885 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macular fibrosis is a vital obstacle of vision acuity improvement of age‐related macular degeneration patients. This study was to investigate the effects of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF‐β2) expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. 10 μg/L IL‐2 was used to induce fibrosis in RPE cells for various times. Western blot was used to detect the EMT marker α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), ECM markers fibronectin (Fn) and type 1 collagen (COL‐1), TGF‐β2, and the activation of the JAK/STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, JAK/STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling pathways were specifically blocked by WP1066 or BAY11‐7082, respectively, and the expression of α‐SMA, COL‐1, Fn and TGF‐β2 protein were detected. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to measure cell migration ability of IL‐2 with or without WP1066 or BAY11‐7082. After induction of IL‐2, the expressions of Fn, COL‐1, TGF‐β2 protein were significantly increased, and this effect was correlated with IL‐2 treatment duration, while α‐SMA protein expression did not change significantly. Both WP1066 and BAY11‐7082 could effectively downregulate the expression of Fn, COL‐1 and TGF‐β2 induced by IL‐2. What's more, both NF‐κB and JAK/STAT3 inhibitors could suppress the activation of the other signaling pathway. Additionally, JAK/STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 and NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082 could obviously decrease RPE cells migration capability induced by IL‐2. IL‐2 promotes cell migration, ECM synthesis and TGF‐β2 expression in RPE cells via JAK/STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling pathways, which may play an important role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Ma B, Jing R, Liu J, Qi T, Pei C. Gremlin is a potential target for posterior capsular opacification. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1714-1726. [PMID: 31234714 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the role of gremlin during the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: The activation, roles and relationships of the BMPs/Smad1/5, MAPK, FAK and AKT signaling pathways in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) after gremlin induction were detected by western blotting and real-time PCR. Wound-healing, transwell, capsular bag models and rat PCO models assays were used to test the effects of gremlin on HLECs' migration, proliferation, EMT-specific protein α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and development of PCO in rats. Results: Our data showed that knockdown of the gremlin inhibited the development of PCO and reduced expression of α-SMA in rats. While gremlin did not alter the migration of HLECs, it increased the expression of p-ERK and p-AKT. Knockout of Smad2 or Smad3 inhibited the expression of p-ERK and p-AKT proteins induced by gremlin. Gremlin also reduced BMP4-induced expression of the p-Smad1/5 protein. Finally, knockout of Smad1/5 increased gremlin-induced expression of α-SMA, fibronectin and type I collagen (COL-1) in HLECs. Conclusion: These results suggested that gremlin contributed to the development of PCO by promoting LEC proliferation, activation of TGF-β/Smad, ERK and AKT signaling and inhibition of BMPs/Smad1/5 signaling. Furthermore, inhibiting gremlin effectively impaired both PCO development in rats and EMT in the lens capsule. Thus, our data suggest that gremlin might be a potential target for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jie Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Cheng Pei
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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23
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Liu J, Xu D, Li J, Gao N, Liao C, Jing R, Wu B, Ma B, Shao Y, Pei C. The role of focal adhesion kinase in transforming growth factor-β2 induced migration of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3591-3601. [PMID: 30280182 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of lens epithelial cells towards the posterior capsule is a key event in the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Accumulating evidence has described crosstalk between growth factors and adhesive signaling pathways in wound healing and cell migration. The aim of the present study was to elucidate an aberrant transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β2 signaling pathway that regulated the migration of lens epithelial cells in the pathological context of PCO. The expression of fibronectin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated (p)‑FAK in HLE‑B3 cells following TGF‑β2 treatment was determined by western blot analysis and the expression of integrin α5β1 was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration capacity was measured by wound healing and Transwell assays in the presence of 1,2,4,5‑tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrochloride, a selective FAK inhibitor, fibronectin small interfering RNA interference, arginylglycylaspartic acid peptides or α5β1‑integrin neutralizing antibodies. The 1,2,4,5‑tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrochloride was administered daily to 16 rabbits following cataract surgery. Fibronectin and TGF‑β expression were increased in the PCO group, demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays. PCO grading was conducted by slit‑lamp biomicroscopy and evaluation of posterior capsule opacification software. It was observed that TGF‑β2 promoted HLE‑B3 cell migration and upregulated fibronectin expression, which was followed by an increased phosphorylation of FAK. In addition, TGF‑β2 treatment and fibronectin surface coating significantly increased cell migration and FAK activation, which was inhibited by disrupting fibronectin‑integrin α5β1 interaction with the arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide, α5β1‑integrin neutralizing antibody or fibronectin depletion. Finally, suppression of FAK signaling by its inhibitor significantly decreased cell migration in vitro and attenuated PCO development in vivo. In summary, TGF‑β2 was indicated to promote the migration of lens epithelial cells through the TGF‑β2/fibronectin/integrin/FAK axis. Inhibition of FAK activity decreased TGF‑β2‑mediated cell migration in vitro and improved the symptoms of PCO in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chongbing Liao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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