1
|
Wong KY, Wong MS, Liu J. Nanozymes for Treating Ocular Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401309. [PMID: 38738646 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes, characterized by their nanoscale size and enzyme-like catalytic activities, exhibit diverse therapeutic potentials, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-angiogenic effects. These properties make them highly valuable in nanomedicine, particularly ocular therapy, bypassing the need for systemic delivery. Nanozymes show significant promise in tackling multi-factored ocular diseases, particularly those influenced by oxidation and inflammation, like dry eye disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Their small size, coupled with their ease of modification and integration into soft materials, facilitates the effective penetration of ocular barriers, thereby enabling targeted or prolonged therapy within the eye. This review is dedicated to exploring ocular diseases that are intricately linked to oxidation and inflammation, shedding light on the role of nanozymes in managing these conditions. Additionally, recent studies elucidating advanced applications of nanozymes in ocular therapeutics, along with their integration with soft materials for disease management, are discussed. Finally, this review outlines directions for future investigations aimed at bridging the gap between nanozyme research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carozza G, Zerti D, Tisi A, Ciancaglini M, Maccarrone M, Maccarone R. An overview of retinal light damage models for preclinical studies on age-related macular degeneration: identifying molecular hallmarks and therapeutic targets. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:303-330. [PMID: 38153807 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive and irreversible retinal degeneration, whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Due to the complexity and to the multiple features of the disease, many efforts have been made to develop animal models which faithfully reproduce the overall AMD hallmarks or that are able to mimic the different AMD stages. In this context, light damage (LD) rodent models of AMD represent a suitable and reliable approach to mimic the different AMD forms (dry, wet and geographic atrophy) while maintaining the time-dependent progression of the disease. In this review, we comprehensively reported how the LD paradigms reproduce the main features of human AMD. We discuss the capability of these models to broaden the knowledge in AMD research, with a focus on the mechanisms and the molecular hallmarks underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We also critically revise the remaining challenges and future directions for the use of LD models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Darin Zerti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Xu M, Shen W, Xu Y, Shao A, Xu P, Yao K, Han H, Ye J. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for Ocular Fundus Neovascularization Disease Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304626. [PMID: 38406994 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
As an indispensable part of the human sensory system, visual acuity may be impaired and even develop into irreversible blindness due to various ocular pathologies. Among ocular diseases, fundus neovascularization diseases (FNDs) are prominent etiologies of visual impairment worldwide. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs remains the primary therapy but is hurdled by common complications and incomplete potency. To renovate the current therapeutic modalities, nanomedicine emerged as the times required, which is endowed with advanced capabilities, able to fulfill the effective ocular fundus drug delivery and achieve precise drug release control, thus further improving the therapeutic effect. This review provides a comprehensive summary of advances in nanomedicine for FND management from state-of-the-art studies. First, the current therapeutic modalities for FNDs are thoroughly introduced, focusing on the key challenges of ocular fundus drug delivery. Second, nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed for ocular posterior drug delivery based on the nanostructures: polymer-based nanocarriers, lipid-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles. Thirdly, the characteristics of the fundus microenvironment, their pathological changes during FNDs, and corresponding strategies for constructing smart nanocarriers are elaborated. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of nanomedicine for FND management are thoroughly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - An Shao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Peifang Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cupini S, Di Marco S, Boselli L, Cavalli A, Tarricone G, Mastronardi V, Castagnola V, Colombo E, Pompa PP, Benfenati F. Platinum Nanozymes Counteract Photoreceptor Degeneration and Retina Inflammation in a Light-Damage Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22800-22820. [PMID: 37934489 PMCID: PMC10690844 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with oxidative stress due to the intense aerobic metabolism of rods and cones that if not properly counterbalanced by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms can precipitate photoreceptor degeneration. In spite of being a priority eye disease for its high incidence in the elderly, no effective treatments for AMD exist. While systemic administration of antioxidants has been unsuccessful in slowing down degeneration, locally administered rare-earth nanoparticles were shown to be effective in preventing retinal photo-oxidative damage. However, because of inherent problems of dispersion in biological media, limited antioxidant power, and short lifetimes, these NPs are still confined to the preclinical stage. Here we propose platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), potent antioxidant nanozymes, as a therapeutic tool for AMD. PtNPs exhibit high catalytic activity at minimal concentrations and protect primary neurons against oxidative insults and the ensuing apoptosis. We tested the efficacy of intravitreally injected PtNPs in preventing or mitigating light damage produced in dark-reared albino Sprague-Dawley rats by in vivo electroretinography (ERG) and ex vivo retina morphology and electrophysiology. We found that both preventive and postlesional treatments with PtNPs increased the amplitude of ERG responses to light stimuli. Ex vivo recordings demonstrated the selective preservation of ON retinal ganglion cell responses to light stimulation in lesioned retinas treated with PtNPs. PtNPs administered after light damage significantly preserved the number of photoreceptors and inhibited the inflammatory response to degeneration, while the preventive treatment had a milder effect. The data indicate that PtNPs can effectively break the vicious cycle linking oxidative stress, degeneration, and inflammation by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The increased photoreceptor survival and visual performances in degenerated retinas, together with their high biocompatibility, make PtNPs a potential strategy to cure AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cupini
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, University of
Genova, Viale Benedetto
XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rossana Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Cavalli
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, University of
Genova, Viale Benedetto
XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Tarricone
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastronardi
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rossana Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rossana Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rossana Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alrobaian M. Pegylated nanoceria: A versatile nanomaterial for noninvasive treatment of retinal diseases. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101761. [PMID: 37705880 PMCID: PMC10495644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced reactive oxygen species has been implicated as the primary molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of debilitating retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, neovascularization and age-related macular degeneration. Nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles) has recently received much attention, because of its superior and regenerative radical scavenging properties. This review focuses on retinal applications of nanoceria and functionalized nanoceria. Studies in animal models showed that nanoceria possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic properties and preserves retinal morphology and prevents loss of retinal functions. Nanoceria have been tested in animal models of age-related macular degeneration and neovascularization and their efficacy have been shown to persist for a long time, without any collateral effects. To date, several pharmaceutical formulations of nanoceria have been developed for their prospective clinical ophthalmic applications such as chitosan coated nanoceria, nanoceria loaded into hydrogels, nanoceria embedded in wafers and contact lens and organosilane or polyethylene glycol functionalized nanoceria. Based on their nano size range, ocular permeation could be achieved to allow topical administration of nanoceria. PEGylation of nanoceria represents the key strategy to support eye drop formulation with enhanced corneal permeation, without altering chemical physical properties. Based on their excellent antioxidant properties, nano-size, safety and tolerability, PEGylated nanoceria represent a new potential therapeutic for the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tisi A, Carozza G, Leuti A, Maccarone R, Maccarrone M. Dysregulation of Resolvin E1 Metabolism and Signaling in a Light-Damage Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076749. [PMID: 37047721 PMCID: PMC10095591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an eicosapentaenoic acid-derived lipid mediator involved in the resolution of inflammation. Here, we investigated whether RvE1 alterations may occur in an animal model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To this end, Sprague Dawley albino rats underwent light damage (LD), and retinas and serum were analyzed immediately or seven days after treatment. Western blot of retinas showed that the RvE1 receptor ChemR23 and the RvE1 metabolic enzymes 5-LOX and COX-2 were unchanged immediately after LD, but they were significantly up-regulated seven days later. Instead, the RvE1 receptor BLT1 was not modulated by LD, and neither was the RvE1 degradative enzyme 15-PGDH. Moreover, ChemR23, 5-LOX, COX-2 and BLT1 were found to be more expressed in the inner retina under all experimental conditions, as observed through ImageJ plot profile analysis. Of note, amacrine cells highly expressed BLT1, while ChemR23 was highly expressed in the activated microglia of the outer retina. ELISA assays also showed that LD rats displayed significantly higher circulating levels and reduced retinal levels of RvE1 compared to controls. Altogether, our data indicate that RvE1 metabolism and signaling are modulated in the LD model, suggesting a potentially relevant role of this pathway in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang C, Yang J, Lu A, Gong J, Yang Y, Lin X, Li M, Xu H. Nanoparticles in ocular applications and their potential toxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:931759. [PMID: 35911959 PMCID: PMC9334523 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.931759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been developed rapidly in recent decades and widely applied in ocular disease therapy. Nano-drug delivery systems overcome the bottlenecks of current ophthalmic drug delivery and are characterized with strong biocompatibility, stability, efficiency, sustainability, controllability, and few side effects. Nanoparticles have been identified as a promising and generally safe ophthalmic drug-delivery system based on the toxicity assessment in animals. Previous studies have found that common nanoparticles can be toxic to the cornea, conjunctiva, and retina under certain conditions. Because of the species differences between humans and animals, advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, such as human organoids, can mimic the human organism to a certain extent, bringing nanoparticle toxicity assessment to a new stage. This review summarizes the advanced application of nanoparticles in ocular drug delivery and the potential toxicity, as well as some of the current challenges and future opportunities in nanotoxicological evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxing Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tisi A, Pulcini F, Carozza G, Mattei V, Flati V, Passacantando M, Antognelli C, Maccarone R, Delle Monache S. Antioxidant Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prevent Retinal Neovascular Alterations In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061133. [PMID: 35740031 PMCID: PMC9220105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs), a promising antioxidant nanomaterial, may contrast retinal vascular alterations induced by oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, the light damage (LD) animal model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) was used and the CeO2-NPs were intravitreally injected. CeO2-NPs significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels, reduced neovascularization in the deep retinal plexus, and inhibited choroidal sprouting into the photoreceptor layer. The in vitro experiments were performed on human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells challenged with H2O2; we demonstrated that CeO2-NPs reverted H2O2-induced oxidative stress-dependent effects on this cell model. We further investigated the RPE-endothelial cells interaction under oxidative stress conditions in the presence or absence of CeO2-NPs through two experimental paradigms: (i) treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with conditioned media from ARPE-19 cells, and (ii) coculture of ARPE-19 and HUVECs. In both experimental conditions, CeO2-NPs were able to revert the detrimental effect of H2O2 on angiogenesis in vitro by realigning the level of tubule formation to that of the control. Altogether, our results indicate, for the first time, that CeO2-NPs can counteract retinal neovascularization and may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of wet AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mechanistic study of silica nanoparticles on the size-dependent retinal toxicity in vitro and in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35305659 PMCID: PMC8934510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are extensively applied in the biomedical field. The increasing medical application of SiO2 NPs has raised concerns about their safety. However, studies on SiO2 NP-induced retinal toxicity are lacking. Methods We investigated the retinal toxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes (15 and 50 nm) in vitro and in vivo along with the underlying mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes was assessed in R28 human retinal precursor cells by determining the ATP content and LDH release. The cell morphologies and nanoparticle distributions in the cells were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs in vivo was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. To further investigate the mechanism of retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glial cell activation and inflammation were monitored. Results The 15-nm SiO2 NPs were found to have higher cytotoxicity than the larger NPs. Notably, the 15-nm SiO2 NPs induced retinal toxicity in vivo, as demonstrated by increased cell death in the retina, TUNEL-stained retinal cells, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, glial cell activation, and inflammation. In addition, The SiO2 NPs caused oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in the ROS indicator H2DCF-DA. Furthermore, the pretreatment of R28 cells with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the ROS production and cytotoxicity induced by SiO2 NPs. Conclusions These results provide evidence that SiO2 NPs induce size-dependent retinal toxicity and suggest that glial cell activation and ROS generation contribute to this toxicity. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01326-8.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YE, Choi SW, Kim MK, Nguyen TL, Kim J. Therapeutic Hydrogel Patch to Treat Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Oxidative Stress. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2038-2047. [PMID: 35226507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with unbalanced immune responses in skin tissue. Although steroid drugs and antihistamines are generally used to treat AD, continuous administration causes multiple side effects. High oxidative stress derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. A high level of ROS promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell differentiation, resulting in the onset and deterioration of AD. Here, we report a therapeutic hydrogel patch suppressing the high oxidative stress generated in AD lesions. The hydrogel embedded with ROS-scavenging ceria nanoparticles leads to the decrease of both extracellular and intracellular ROS and exhibits cytoprotective effects in a highly oxidative condition. AD-induced mouse model studies show enhanced therapeutic outcomes, including a decrease in the epidermal thickness and levels of AD-associated immunological biomarkers. These findings indicate that a ROS-scavenging hydrogel could be a promising therapeutic hydrogel patch for treating and managing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Loc Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lord MS, Berret JF, Singh S, Vinu A, Karakoti AS. Redox Active Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Current Status and Burning Issues. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102342. [PMID: 34363314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) has captivated the scientific community due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as redox activity and oxygen buffering capacity, which made them available for many technical applications, including biomedical applications. The redox mimetic antioxidant properties of nanoceria have been effective in the treatment of many diseases caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species. The mechanism of ROS scavenging activity of nanoceria is still elusive, and its redox activity is controversial due to mixed reports in the literature showing pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity. In light of its current research interest, it is critical to understand the behavior of nanoceria in the biological environment and provide answers to some of the critical and open issues. This review critically analyzes the status of research on the application of nanoceria to treat diseases caused by ROS. It reviews the proposed mechanism of action and shows the effect of surface coatings on its redox activity. It also discusses some of the crucial issues in deciphering the mechanism and redox activity of nanoceria and suggests areas of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Sanjay Singh
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajay S Karakoti
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saifi MA, Seal S, Godugu C. Nanoceria, the versatile nanoparticles: Promising biomedical applications. J Control Release 2021; 338:164-189. [PMID: 34425166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a boon for the biomedical field due to the freedom it provides for tailoring of pharmacokinetic properties of different drug molecules. Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology for the diagnosis, treatment and/or management of the diseases. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are metal oxide-based nanoparticles (NPs) which possess outstanding reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities primarily due to the availability of "oxidation switch" on their surface. These NP have been found to protect from a number of disorders with a background of oxidative stress such as cancer, diabetes etc. In fact, the CNPs have been found to possess the environment-dependent ROS modulating properties. In addition, the inherent catalase, SOD, oxidase, peroxidase and phosphatase mimetic properties of CNPs provide them superiority over a number of NPs. Further, chemical reactivity of CNPs seems to be a function of their surface chemistry which can be precisely tuned by defect engineering. However, the contradictory reports make it necessary to critically evaluate the potential of CNPs, in the light of available literature. The review is aimed at probing the feasibility of CNPs to push towards the clinical studies. Further, we have also covered and censoriously discussed the suspected negative impacts of CNPs before making our way to a consensus. This review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and accessible review of general interest to the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sudipta Seal
- University of Central Florida, 12760 Pegasus Drive ENG I, Suite 207, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma Y, Li P, Zhao L, Liu J, Yu J, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhao R, Hua S, Zhu Y, Zhang Z. Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity and Reactive Oxygen Species of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelia Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5333-5341. [PMID: 34408413 PMCID: PMC8364434 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s305676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), a lanthanide element oxide and bivalent compound, has been growing continuously in industry and biomedicine. Due to their wide application, the potential human health problems of CeO2 NPs have attracted attention, but studies on the toxicity of this compound to human eyes are lacking. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of CeO2 NPs in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells). Methods Using the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the size distribution and shape of CeO2 NPs were characterized. To explore the effect of CeO2 NP size on ophthalmic toxicity in vitro, three sizes (15, 30 and 45 nm) of CeO2 NPs were investigated using ATP content measurement, LDH release measurement and cell proliferation assay in ARPE-19 cells. ROS values and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization were evaluated by H2DCF-DA staining and JC-1 staining. Morphology changes were detected using a phase-contrast microscope. Results The cytotoxicity of 15 nm CeO2 NPs was found to be the highest and hence was further explored. Treatment with 15 nm CeO2 NPs caused the morphology of ARPE-19 cells to change in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the treatment induced excessive ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. In addition, cytotoxicity was attenuated by the application of a ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L- cysteine (NAC). Conclusion CeO2 NPs induced cytotoxicity in ARPE-19 cells and excessive production of ROS and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. The Overproduction of ROS partially contributes to CeO2 NP-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Nephrology Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Laien Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruikang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuhong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sundararajan V, Venkatasubbu GD, Sheik Mohideen S. Investigation of therapeutic potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease using transgenic Drosophila. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:159. [PMID: 33758737 PMCID: PMC7937010 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the therapeutic potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) was investigated in a human tau (htau) model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), using Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo model. nCeO2 synthesised via the hydroxide-mediated approach were characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and Raman spectroscopy. Characterisation studies confirmed the formation of pure cubic-structured nCeO2 and showed that the particles were spherically shaped, with an average size between 20 and 25 nm. The synthesised nCeO2 were then administered as part of the diet to transgenic Drosophila for one month, at 0.1 and 1 mM concentrations, and its effect on the biochemical levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the climbing activity of flies were studied in a pan-neuronal model (elav; htau) of AD. Using an eye-specific model of htau expression (GMR; htau), the effect of nCeO2 on htau and autophagy-related (ATG) gene expression was also studied. Dietary administration of nCeO2 at a concentration of 1 mM restored the activity of SOD similar to that of control, but both concentrations of nCeO2 failed to modulate the level of AChE, and did not elicit any significant improvements in the climbing activity of elav; htau flies. Moreover, nCeO2 at a concentration of 1 mM significantly affected the climbing activity of elav; htau flies. nCeO2 also elicited a significant decrease in htau gene expression at both concentrations and increased the mRNA expression of key autophagy genes ATG1 and ATG18. The results therefore indicate that nCeO2 aids in replenishing the levels of SOD and tau clearance via the activation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - G. Devanand Venkatasubbu
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010064. [PMID: 33406612 PMCID: PMC7823525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch's membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sadidi H, Hooshmand S, Ahmadabadi A, Javad Hosseini S, Baino F, Vatanpour M, Kargozar S. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (Nanoceria): Hopes in Soft Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2020; 25:E4559. [PMID: 33036163 PMCID: PMC7583868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biocompatible materials have been applied for managing soft tissue lesions; cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, or nanoceria) are among the most promising candidates due to their outstanding properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and angiogenic activities. Much attention should be paid to the physical properties of nanoceria, since most of its biological characteristics are directly determined by some of these relevant parameters, including the particle size and shape. Nanoceria, either in bare or functionalized forms, showed the excellent capability of accelerating the healing process of both acute and chronic wounds. The skin, heart, nervous system, and ophthalmic tissues are the main targets of nanoceria-based therapies, and the other soft tissues may also be evaluated in upcoming experimental studies. For the repair and regeneration of soft tissue damage and defects, nanoceria-incorporated film, hydrogel, and nanofibrous scaffolds have been proven to be highly suitable replacements with satisfactory outcomes. Still, some concerns have remained regarding the long-term effects of nanoceria administration for human tissues and organs, such as its clearance from the vital organs. Moreover, looking at the future, it seems necessary to design and develop three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds containing nanoceria for possible use in the concepts of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadidi
- General Surgery Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176999311, Iran
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadabadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176999311, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine,, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Morvarid Vatanpour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tisi A, Passacantando M, Lozzi L, Maccarone R. Cerium oxide nanoparticles reduce the accumulation of autofluorescent deposits in light-induced retinal degeneration: Insights for age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108169. [PMID: 32758489 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipofuscin deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is one of the main events involved in age-related macular degeneration and its increase together with RPE dysfunction, blood retinal barrier disruption and photoreceptors death progressively leads to blindness. Lipofuscin is the main autofluorescent (AF) component of the retina and therapies to counteract its deposition are a main goal to be achieved, since effective treatments have not yet been identified. Here, we first investigated the spatio-temporal pattern of AF deposits accumulation in the light-damage model of age-related macular degeneration. Afterward, we tested the ability of cerium oxide nanoparticles, a well known anti-oxidant agent, to counteract AF granules accumulation. The treatment was performed both before and after the induction of the degeneration. AF granules were quantified by confocal microscopy on whole mounted retinas. We demonstrated that the acute light-damage increases the accumulation of AF deposits in the hot spot retina in terms of number of granules and percentage of occupied area, with a peak 7 days after the exposure. Remarkably, cerium oxide nanoparticles showed a strong efficacy in preventing the formation of AF deposits when they were injected 3 days before light exposure. Moreover, when the treatment was performed 7 days after light exposure, nanoceria activity was found to be effective also in reducing the amount of the AF granules still deposited up to 60 days. These important results represent the very first evidence about the ability of cerium oxide nanoparticles to counteract AF deposits accumulation in retinal degeneration, laying the foundations for the development of a new therapy possibly targeting lipofuscin in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - L Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - R Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tisi A, Flati V, Delle Monache S, Lozzi L, Passacantando M, Maccarone R. Nanoceria Particles Are an Eligible Candidate to Prevent Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Inhibiting Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Death and Autophagy Alterations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071617. [PMID: 32635502 PMCID: PMC7408137 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and degeneration underlie the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs or nanoceria), which are anti-oxidant agents with auto-regenerative properties, are able to preserve the RPE. On ARPE-19 cells, we found that CeO2-NPs promoted cell viability against H2O2-induced cellular damage. For the in vivo studies, we used a rat model of acute light damage (LD), which mimics many features of AMD. CeO2-NPs intravitreally injected three days before LD prevented RPE cell death and degeneration and nanoceria labelled with fluorescein were found localized in the cytoplasm of RPE cells. CeO2-NPs inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition of RPE cells and modulated autophagy by the down-regulation of LC3B-II and p62. Moreover, the treatment inhibited nuclear localization of LC3B. Taken together, our study demonstrates that CeO2-NPs represent an eligible candidate to counteract RPE degeneration and, therefore, a powerful therapy for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Luca Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (V.F.); (S.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862433488
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, are the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The mainstay of treatment for these blinding diseases remains to be surgery, and the available pharmaceutical therapies on the market are limited, partially owing to various biological barriers in hindering the delivery of therapeutics to the retina. The nanoparticulate drug delivery system confers the capability for delivering therapeutics to the specific ocular targets and, hence, potentially revolutionizes the current treatment landscape of retinal diseases. While the research to date indicates the enormous therapeutics potentials of the nanoparticulate delivery systems, the successful translation of these systems from the bench to bedside is challenging and requires a combined understanding of retinal pathology, physiology of the eye, and particle and formulation designs of nanoparticles. To this end, the review begins with an overview of the most prevalent retinal diseases and related pharmacotherapy. Highlights of the current challenges encountered in ocular drug delivery for each administration route are provided, followed by critical appraisal of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the retinal diseases, including their formulation designs, therapeutic merits, limitations, and future direction. It is believed that a greater understanding of the nano-biointeraction in eyes will lead to the development of more sophisticated drug delivery systems for retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingwen Weng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Yip Thomas Lee
- Aptorum Group Limited, Unit 232, 12 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin New Town, Hong Kong
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tisi A, Parete G, Flati V, Maccarone R. Up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways and induction of neovascularization by an acute retinal light damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6376. [PMID: 32286488 PMCID: PMC7156521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The light damage (LD) model was mainly used to study some of the main aspects of age related macular degeneration (AMD), such as oxidative stress and photoreceptor death. Several protocols of light-induced retinal degeneration exist. Acute light damage is characterized by a brief exposure (24 hours) to high intensity light (1000 lux) and leads to focal degeneration of the retina which progresses over time. To date there are not experimental data that relate this model to neovascular events. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the retina after an acute light damage to assess whether the vascularization was affected. Functional, molecular and morphological investigations were carried out. The electroretinographic response was assessed at all recovery times (7, 60, 120 days after LD). Starting from 7 days after light damage there was a significant decrease in the functional response, which remained low up to 120 days of recovery. At 7 days after light exposure, neo-vessels invaded the photoreceptor layer and retinal neovascularization occurred. Remarkably, neoangiogenesis was associated to the up-regulation of VEGF, bFGF and their respective receptors (VEGFR2 and FGFR1) with the progression of degeneration. These important results indicate that a brief exposure to bright light induces the up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways with subsequent neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Parete
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V Flati
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou Z, Ni K, Deng H, Chen X. Dancing with reactive oxygen species generation and elimination in nanotheranostics for disease treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 158:73-90. [PMID: 32526453 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in cell signaling and tissue homeostasis, in which the level of ROS is critical through the equilibrium between ROS generating and eliminating events. A disruption of the balance leads to disease development either by a surplus or a dearth of ROS, which requires ROS-modulating strategies to overturn the defect for disease treatment. Over the past decade, there have been tremendous advances in nanomedicine centering ROS generation and/or elimination as major mechanisms to treat a variety of diseases. In this review, we will discuss the research achievements on two opposite approaches of ROS-generating and ROS-eliminating strategies for treating cancer and other related diseases. Importantly, we will highlight the conceptual and strategic advances of ROS-mediated immunomodulation, including macrophage polarization, immunogenic cell death and T cell activation, which are currently rising as one of the mainstreams of cancer therapy. At the end, the future challenges and opportunities of mediating ROS-based mechanisms are envisioned. In light of the pleiotropic roles of ROS in different diseases, we hope this review is timely to deliver a clear logic of designing principles on ROS generation and elimination for different disease treatments.
Collapse
|
22
|
Maccarone R, Tisi A, Passacantando M, Ciancaglini M. Ophthalmic Applications of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:376-383. [PMID: 31891528 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs; or nanoceria) have been largely studied for biomedical applications due to their peculiar auto-regenerative antioxidant activity. This review focuses on ophthalmic applications of nanoceria. Many in vivo data indicate that nanoceria protect the retina from neurodegeneration. In particular, they have been tested in animal models of age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa and their neuroprotective properties have been shown to persist for a long time, without any collateral effects. In vitro cytotoxicity studies have shown that CeO2-NPs could be safe for lens cells and could represent a new therapy for cataract treatment, but further studies are needed. To date, different pharmaceutical formulations based on nanoceria have been created looking at future clinical ophthalmic applications, such as water-soluble nanoceria, glycol chitosan-coated ceria nanoparticles (GCCNPs), and alginate-gelatin hydrogel loaded GCCNPs. GCCNPs were also effective in preventing choroidal neovascularization in vivo. Based on the nanosize of nanoceria, corneal permeation could be achieved to allow topical treatment of nanoceria. PEGylation and encapsulation in liposomes represent the main strategies to support corneal permeation, without altering nanoceria chemical-physical properties. Based on their great antioxidant properties, safety, and nanosize, nanoceria represent a new potential therapeutic for the treatment of several eye disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, and Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tisi A, Passacantando M, Ciancaglini M, Maccarone R. Nanoceria neuroprotective effects in the light-damaged retina: A focus on retinal function and microglia activation. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107797. [PMID: 31520599 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials is an emerging therapeutic approach for the treatment of several pathologies. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been studied for biomedical application, including neurodegenerative disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration in several animal models. The light damage model is characterised by oxidative stress upregulation followed by photoreceptor death and microglia activation in the outer retina. For this reason, the light damage model mimics some aspects involved in human age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective effects on retinal function and microglia activation in the light damage model, considering the administration of the nanoparticles both before and after the injury. The electrical responses of the retina and the microglia number and morphology are clearly modulated by the treatment, supporting the beneficial effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles to counteract the degeneration processes in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - M Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Blocco 11, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - R Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|