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Issertine M, Rosa‐Calwell ME, Sung D, Bouxsein ML, Rutkove SB, Mortreux M. Adaptation to full weight-bearing following disuse in rats: The impact of biological sex on musculoskeletal recovery. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15938. [PMID: 38383049 PMCID: PMC10881285 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the technological advances made to expand space exploration, astronauts will spend extended amounts of time in space before returning to Earth. This situation of unloading and reloading influences human physiology, and readaptation to full weight-bearing may significantly impact astronauts' health. On Earth, similar situations can be observed in patients who are bedridden or suffer from sport-related injuries. However, our knowledge of male physiology far exceeds our knowledge of female's, which creates an important gap that needs to be addressed to understand the sex-based differences regarding musculoskeletal adaptation to unloading and reloading, necessary to preserve health of both sexes. Using a ground-based model of total unloading for 14 days and reloading at full weight-bearing for 7 days rats, we aimed to compare the musculoskeletal adaptations between males and females. Our results reveal the existence of significant differences. Indeed, males experienced bone loss both during the unloading and the reloading period while females did not. During simulated microgravity, males and females showed comparable muscle deconditioning with a significant decline in rear paw grip strength. However, after 7 days of recovery, muscle strength improved. Additionally, sex-based differences in myofiber size existing at baseline are significantly reduced or eliminated following unloading and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Issertine
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Calwell
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dong‐Min Sung
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic StudiesBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
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Shi H, Li F, Zhang F, Wei X, Liu C, Duan R. An electrical stimulation intervention protocol to prevent disuse atrophy and muscle strength decline: an experimental study in rat. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:84. [PMID: 37386493 PMCID: PMC10311794 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is negatively impacted by conditions such as spaceflight or prolonged bed rest, resulting in a dramatic decline in muscle mass, maximum contractile force, and muscular endurance. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an essential tool in neurophysiotherapy and an effective means of preventing skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Historically, ES treatment protocols have used either low or high frequency electrical stimulation (LFES/HFES). However, our study tests the use of a combination of different frequencies in a single electrical stimulation intervention in order to determine a more effective protocol for improving both skeletal muscle strength and endurance. METHODS An adult male SD rat model of muscle atrophy was established through 4 weeks of tail suspension (TS). To investigate the effects of different frequency combinations, the experimental animals were treated with low (20 Hz) or high (100 Hz) frequency before TS for 6 weeks, and during TS for 4weeks. The maximum contraction force and fatigue resistance of skeletal muscle were then assessed before the animals were sacrificed. The muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber type and related protein expression were examined and analyzed to gain insights into the mechanisms by which the ES intervention protocol used in this study regulates muscle strength and endurance. RESULTS After 4 weeks of unloading, the soleus muscle mass and fiber CSA decreased by 39% and 58% respectively, while the number of glycolytic muscle fibers increased by 21%. The gastrocnemius muscle fibers showed a 51% decrease in CSA, with a 44% decrease in single contractility and a 39% decrease in fatigue resistance. The number of glycolytic muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius also increased by 29%. However, the application of HFES either prior to or during unloading showed an improvement in muscle mass, fiber CSA, and oxidative muscle fibers. In the pre-unloading group, the soleus muscle mass increased by 62%, while the number of oxidative muscle fibers increased by 18%. In the during unloading group, the soleus muscle mass increased by 29% and the number of oxidative muscle fibers increased by 15%. In the gastrocnemius, the pre-unloading group showed a 38% increase in single contractile force and a 19% increase in fatigue resistance, while in the during unloading group, a 21% increase in single contractile force and a 29% increase in fatigue resistance was observed, along with a 37% and 26% increase in the number of oxidative muscle fibers, respectively. The combination of HFES before unloading and LFES during unloading resulted in a significant elevation of the soleus mass by 49% and CSA by 90%, with a 40% increase in the number of oxidative muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius. This combination also resulted in a 66% increase in single contractility and a 38% increase in fatigue resistance. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that using HFES before unloading can reduce the harmful effects of muscle unloading on the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Furthermore, we found that combining HFES before unloading with LFES during unloading was more effective in preventing muscle atrophy in the soleus and preserving the contractile function of the gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Shi
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobei Wei
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Liu
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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Ticinesi A, Nouvenne A, Cerundolo N, Parise A, Meschi T. Accounting Gut Microbiota as the Mediator of Beneficial Effects of Dietary (Poly)phenols on Skeletal Muscle in Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102367. [PMID: 37242251 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function increasing the risk of disability and adverse outcomes in older people, is substantially influenced by dietary habits. Several studies from animal models of aging and muscle wasting indicate that the intake of specific polyphenol compounds can be associated with myoprotective effects, and improvements in muscle strength and performance. Such findings have also been confirmed in a smaller number of human studies. However, in the gut lumen, dietary polyphenols undergo extensive biotransformation by gut microbiota into a wide range of bioactive compounds, which substantially contribute to bioactivity on skeletal muscle. Thus, the beneficial effects of polyphenols may consistently vary across individuals, depending on the composition and metabolic functionality of gut bacterial communities. The understanding of such variability has recently been improved. For example, resveratrol and urolithin interaction with the microbiota can produce different biological effects according to the microbiota metabotype. In older individuals, the gut microbiota is frequently characterized by dysbiosis, overrepresentation of opportunistic pathogens, and increased inter-individual variability, which may contribute to increasing the variability of biological actions of phenolic compounds at the skeletal muscle level. These interactions should be taken into great consideration for designing effective nutritional strategies to counteract sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/1, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/1, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cerundolo
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Parise
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/1, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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5
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Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tokuda Y, Mori H. Essential Amino Acid and Tea Catechin Supplementation after Resistance Exercise Improves Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: An Open-Label, Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:255-262. [PMID: 35512762 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2025546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tea catechins (TCCs) have gained significant attention owing to their health effects. However, evidence is limited regarding the benefit of TCC and essential amino acids (EAAs) ingestion plus that of TCC ingestion after resistance exercise (RE) among older individuals with sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate whether a 24-week nutritional program involving EAA and TCC supplementation after RE improved skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among older adults with sarcopenia. METHODS We conducted an open-label, pilot, randomized controlled trial among older adults with sarcopenia at the Harima Care Center or community in Hyogo, Japan. Participants were allocated to RE (n = 18), RE with EAA supplementation (RE + EAA, n = 18), or RE with EAA and TCC supplementation (RE + EAA + TCC, n = 18) groups. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. A 24-week resistance exercise program was carried out twice weekly, with an intake of 3,000 mg and 540 mg of EAA and TCC supplements, respectively. SMM was the primary outcome parameter. The mean adherence rate to exercise and supplementation intake over the 24-week intervention period was 86.8% in the RE + EAA + TCC group, 86.4% in the RE + EAA group, and 85.4% in the RE group. A significant group-by-time interaction was identified for SMM (p = 0.010). The pre- to post-intervention increase in SMM was significantly higher in the RE + EAA + TCC group than in the RE group (p = 0.010). These results suggest that supplementation with EAA and TCC after RE, compared to RE only, improves SMM in older people with sarcopenia. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of TCC supplementation on SMM in older people with sarcopenia. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2022.2025546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Tokuda
- Hyogo Locomotion-senior-tera-koya, General Incorporated Association, Akashi-City, Hyogo-Prefecture, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Hyogo University, Kakogawa-City, Hyogo-Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Mori
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-City, Tokushima-Prefecture, Japan
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7
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Munguía L, Ortiz M, González C, Portilla A, Meaney E, Villarreal F, Nájera N, Ceballos G. Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Food 2022; 25:465-486. [PMID: 35394826 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) is a highly dynamic tissue that responds to physiological adaptations or pathological conditions, and SkM mitochondria play a major role in bioenergetics, regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, and apoptosis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with the ability to modulate molecular pathways implicated in the development of mitochondrial myopathy. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore its potential application in conditions such as aging, disuse, denervation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. To evaluate preclinical and clinical effects of flavonoids on SkM structure and function. We performed a systematic review of published studies, with no date restrictions applied, using PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were used: "flavonoids" OR "flavanols" OR "flavones" OR "anthocyanidins" OR "flavanones" OR "flavan-3-ols" OR "catechins" OR "epicatechin" OR "(-)-epicatechin" AND "skeletal muscle." The studies included in this review were preclinical studies, clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and randomized-controlled trials that investigated the influence of flavonoids on SkM health. Three authors, independently, assessed trials for the review. Any disagreement was resolved by consensus. The use of flavonoids could be a potential tool for the prevention of muscle loss. Their effects on metabolism and on mitochondria function suggest their use as muscle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy Munguía
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Miguel Ortiz
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Cristian González
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Andrés Portilla
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
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8
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Lemon Myrtle ( Backhousia citriodora) Extract and Its Active Compound, Casuarinin, Activate Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051078. [PMID: 35268053 PMCID: PMC8912364 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Exercise is effective in improving sarcopenia via two mechanisms: activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. In contrast, most nutritional approaches for improving sarcopenia focus mainly on muscle protein synthesis, and little is known about SC activation. Here, we investigated the effect of lemon myrtle extract (LM) on SC activation both in vitro and in vivo. Primary SCs or myoblast cell lines were treated with LM or its derived compounds, and incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, an indicator of cell cycle progression, was detected by immunocytochemistry. We found that LM significantly activated SCs (p < 0.05), but not myoblasts. We also identified casuarinin, an ellagitannin, as the active compound in LM involved in SC activation. The structure−activity relationship analysis showed that rather than the structure of each functional group of casuarinin, its overall structure is crucial for SC activation. Furthermore, SC activation by LM and casuarinin was associated with upregulation of interleukin-6 mRNA expression, which is essential for SC activation and proliferation. Finally, oral administration of LM or casuarinin to rats showed significant activation of SCs in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05), suggesting that LM and casuarinin may serve as novel nutritional interventions for improving sarcopenia through activating SCs.
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9
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Fix DK, Mahmassani ZS, Petrocelli JJ, de Hart NMMP, Ferrara PJ, Painter JS, Nistor G, Lane TE, Keirstead HS, Drummond MJ. Reversal of deficits in aged skeletal muscle during disuse and recovery in response to treatment with a secrotome product derived from partially differentiated human pluripotent stem cells. GeroScience 2021; 43:2635-2652. [PMID: 34427856 PMCID: PMC8602548 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged individuals are at risk to experience slow and incomplete muscle recovery following periods of disuse atrophy. While several therapies have been employed to mitigate muscle mass loss during disuse and improve recovery, few have proven effective at both. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a uniquely developed secretome product (STEM) on aged skeletal muscle mass and function during disuse and recovery. Aged (22 months) male C57BL/6 were divided into PBS or STEM treatment (n = 30). Mice within each treatment were assigned to either ambulatory control (CON; 14 days of normal cage ambulation), 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU), or 14 days of hindlimb unloading followed by 7 days of recovery (recovery). Mice were given an intramuscular delivery into the hindlimb muscle of either PBS or STEM every other day for the duration of their respective treatment group. We found that STEM-treated mice compared to PBS had greater soleus muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and grip strength during CON and recovery experimental conditions and less muscle atrophy and weakness during HU. Muscle CD68 +, CD11b + and CD163 + macrophages were more abundant in STEM-treated CON mice compared to PBS, while only CD68 + and CD11b + macrophages were more abundant during HU and recovery conditions with STEM treatment. Moreover, STEM-treated mice had lower collagen IV and higher Pax7 + cell content compared to PBS across all experimental conditions. As a follow-up to examine the cell autonomous role of STEM on muscle, C2C12 myotubes were given STEM or horse serum media to examine myotube fusion/size and effects on muscle transcriptional networks. STEM-treated C2C12 myotubes were larger and had a higher fusion index and were related to elevated expression of transcripts associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Our results demonstrate that STEM is a unique cocktail that possesses potent immunomodulatory and cytoskeletal remodeling properties that may have translational potential to improve skeletal muscle across a variety of conditions that adversely effect aging muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Fix
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Naomi M M P de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, UT, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Patrick J Ferrara
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, UT, Salt Lake City, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164887. [PMID: 34443483 PMCID: PMC8398525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the decrease in muscle mass and strength caused by reduced protein synthesis/accelerated protein degradation. Various conditions, such as denervation, disuse, aging, chronic diseases, heart disease, obstructive lung disease, diabetes, renal failure, AIDS, sepsis, cancer, and steroidal medications, can cause muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major contributors to muscle atrophy, by modulating signaling pathways that regulate muscle homeostasis. To prevent muscle catabolism and enhance muscle anabolism, several natural and synthetic compounds have been investigated. Recently, polyphenols (i.e., natural phytochemicals) have received extensive attention regarding their effect on muscle atrophy because of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported polyphenols as strongly effective bioactive molecules that attenuate muscle atrophy and enhance muscle health. This review describes polyphenols as promising bioactive molecules that impede muscle atrophy induced by various proatrophic factors. The effects of each class/subclass of polyphenolic compounds regarding protection against the muscle disorders induced by various pathological/physiological factors are summarized in tabular form and discussed. Although considerable variations in antiatrophic potencies and mechanisms were observed among structurally diverse polyphenolic compounds, they are vital factors to be considered in muscle atrophy prevention strategies.
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11
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Gras S, Blasco A, Mòdol-Caballero G, Tarabal O, Casanovas A, Piedrafita L, Barranco A, Das T, Rueda R, Pereira SL, Navarro X, Esquerda JE, Calderó J. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with green tea catechins and cocoa flavanols on aging-related regressive changes in the mouse neuromuscular system. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18051-18093. [PMID: 34319911 PMCID: PMC8351677 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Besides skeletal muscle wasting, sarcopenia entails morphological and molecular changes in distinct components of the neuromuscular system, including spinal cord motoneurons (MNs) and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs); moreover, noticeable microgliosis has also been observed around aged MNs. Here we examined the impact of two flavonoid-enriched diets containing either green tea extract (GTE) catechins or cocoa flavanols on age-associated regressive changes in the neuromuscular system of C57BL/6J mice. Compared to control mice, GTE- and cocoa-supplementation significantly improved the survival rate of mice, reduced the proportion of fibers with lipofuscin aggregates and central nuclei, and increased the density of satellite cells in skeletal muscles. Additionally, both supplements significantly augmented the number of innervated NMJs and their degree of maturity compared to controls. GTE, but not cocoa, prominently increased the density of VAChT and VGluT2 afferent synapses on MNs, which were lost in control aged spinal cords; conversely, cocoa, but not GTE, significantly augmented the proportion of VGluT1 afferent synapses on aged MNs. Moreover, GTE, but not cocoa, reduced aging-associated microgliosis and increased the proportion of neuroprotective microglial phenotypes. Our data indicate that certain plant flavonoids may be beneficial in the nutritional management of age-related deterioration of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Gras
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Blasco
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lídia Piedrafita
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barranco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Research and Development, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Abbott Nutrition, Research and Development, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Navarro
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep E. Esquerda
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
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12
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Sharp MH, Sahin K, Stefan MW, Gheith RH, Reber DD, Ottinger CR, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Lowery RP, Durkee S, Wilson JM. Marine Phytoplankton Improves Exercise Recovery in Humans and Activates Repair Mechanisms in Rats. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:1070-1082. [PMID: 33352600 PMCID: PMC8566026 DOI: 10.1055/a-1320-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation on 1) perceived recovery and ground reaction forces in humans following a non-functional overreaching resistance-training program and 2) myogenic molecular markers associated with muscle cell recovery in a rat model. In the human trial, a 5-week resistance-training program with intentional overreaching on weeks 2 and 5 was implemented. Results indicate that marine phytoplankton prompted positive changes in perceived recovery at post-testing and, while both marine phytoplankton and placebo conditions demonstrated decreased peak and mean rate of force development following the overreaching weeks, placebo remained decreased at post-testing while marine phytoplankton returned to baseline levels. In the rat model, rats were divided into four conditions: (i) control, (ii) exercise, (iii) exercise + marine phytoplankton 2.55 mg·d-1, or (iv) exercise+marine phytoplankton 5.1 mg·d-1. Rats in exercising conditions performed treadmill exercise 5 d·wk-1 for 6 weeks. Marine phytoplankton in exercising rats increased positive and decrease negative myogenic factors regulating satellite cell proliferation. Taken together, marine phytoplankton improved perceptual and functional indices of exercise recovery in an overreaching human model and, mechanistically, this could be driven through cell cycle regulation and a potential to improve protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Sharp
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University School of Veterinary Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Matt W Stefan
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Raad H Gheith
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Dallen D Reber
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Charlie R Ottinger
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University School of Veterinary Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University School of Veterinary Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ryan P Lowery
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Shane Durkee
- Department of Consumer Health, Lonza Inc, Morristown, United States
| | - Jacob M Wilson
- Research Department, Applied Science & Performance Institute, Tampa, United States
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13
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Kim C, Hwang JK. Flavonoids: nutraceutical potential for counteracting muscle atrophy. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1619-1640. [PMID: 33282430 PMCID: PMC7708614 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the conversion of chemical energy into physical force. Muscle atrophy, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, is a symptom of chronic disease (cachexia), aging (sarcopenia), and muscle disuse (inactivity). To date, several trials have been conducted to prevent and inhibit muscle atrophy development; however, few interventions are currently available for muscle atrophy. Recently, food ingredients, plant extracts, and phytochemicals have received attention as treatment sources to prevent muscle wasting. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol compounds found in foods and plants. They possess diverse biological activities, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The effects of flavonoids on muscle atrophy have been investigated by monitoring molecular mechanisms involved in protein turnover, mitochondrial activity, and myogenesis. This review summarizes the reported effects of flavonoids on sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse muscle atrophy, thus, providing an insight into the understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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14
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Impacts of Green Tea on Joint and Skeletal Muscle Health: Prospects of Translational Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111050. [PMID: 33126483 PMCID: PMC7692648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and sarcopenia are two major joint and skeletal muscle diseases prevalent during aging. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial progressive degenerative and inflammatory disorder of articular cartilage. Cartilage protection and pain management are the two most important strategies in the management of osteoarthritis. Sarcopenia, a condition of loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated with impaired neuromuscular innervation, the transition of skeletal muscle fiber type, and reduced muscle regenerative capacity. Management of sarcopenia requires addressing both skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Emerging evidence suggests that green tea catechins play an important role in maintaining healthy joints and skeletal muscle. This review covers (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, such as excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced autophagy; (ii) the effects of green tea catechins on joint health by downregulating inflammatory signaling mediators, upregulating anabolic mediators, and modulating miRNAs expression, resulting in reduced chondrocyte death, collagen degradation, and cartilage protection; (iii) the effects of green tea catechins on skeletal muscle health via maintaining a dynamic balance between protein synthesis and degradation and boosting the synthesis of mitochondrial energy metabolism, resulting in favorable muscle homeostasis and mitigation of muscle atrophy with aging; and (iv) the current study limitations and future research directions.
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15
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Mirzoev TM. Skeletal Muscle Recovery from Disuse Atrophy: Protein Turnover Signaling and Strategies for Accelerating Muscle Regrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217940. [PMID: 33114683 PMCID: PMC7663166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers have a unique capacity to adjust their metabolism and phenotype in response to alternations in mechanical loading. Indeed, chronic mechanical loading leads to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, while prolonged mechanical unloading results in a significant decrease in muscle mass (muscle atrophy). The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is dependent on the balance between rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. While molecular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis during mechanical unloading have been relatively well studied, signaling events implicated in protein turnover during skeletal muscle recovery from unloading are poorly defined. A better understanding of the molecular events that underpin muscle mass recovery following disuse-induced atrophy is of significant importance for both clinical and space medicine. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the activation of protein synthesis and subsequent restoration of muscle mass after a period of mechanical unloading. In addition, the efficiency of strategies proposed to improve muscle protein gain during recovery is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia
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16
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Bennett BT, Mohamed JS, Alway SE. The Effects of Calcium- β-Hydroxy- β-Methylbutyrate on Aging-Associated Apoptotic Signaling and Muscle Mass and Function in Unloaded but Nonatrophied Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscles of Aged Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3938672. [PMID: 32774671 PMCID: PMC7396042 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3938672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a naturally occurring leucine metabolite, has been shown to attenuate plantar flexor muscle loss and increase myogenic stem cell activation during reloading after a period of significant muscle wasting by disuse in old rodents. However, it was less clear if HMB would alter dorsiflexor muscle response to unloading or reloading when there was no significant atrophy that was induced by unloading. In this study, we tested if calcium HMB (Ca-HMB) would improve muscle function and alter apoptotic signaling in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of aged animals that were unloaded but did not undergo atrophy. The EDL muscle was unloaded for 14 days by hindlimb suspension (HS) in aged (34-36 mo.) male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats. The rats were removed from HS and allowed normal cage ambulation for 14 days of reloading (R). Throughout the study, the rats were gavaged daily with 170 mg of Ca-HMB or water 7 days prior to HS, then throughout 14 days of HS and 14 days of recovery after removing HS. The animals' body weights were significantly reduced by ~18% after 14 days of HS and continued to decline by ~22% during R as compared to control conditions; however, despite unloading, EDL did not atrophy by HS, nor did it increase in mass after R. No changes were observed in EDL twitch contraction time, force production, fatigue resistance, fiber cross-sectional area, or markers of nuclear apoptosis (myonuclei + satellite cells) after HS or R. While HS and R increased the proapoptotic Bax protein abundance, BCL-2 abundance was also increased as was the frequency of TUNEL-positive myonuclei and satellite cells, yet muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area did not change and Ca-HMB treatment had no effect reducing apoptotic signaling. These data indicate that (i) increased apoptotic signaling preceded muscle atrophy or occurred without significant EDL atrophy and (ii) that Ca-HMB treatment did not improve EDL signaling, muscle mass, or muscle function in aged rats, when HS and R did not impact mass or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Bennett
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA 26506
| | - Junaith S. Mohamed
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 38163
- Laboratory of Nerve and Muscle, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 38163
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 38163
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA 26506
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 38163
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 38163
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 38163
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17
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Abstract
Significance: Regular contractile activity plays a critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle morphological integrity and physiological function. If the muscle is forced to stop contraction, such as during limb immobilization (IM), the IGF/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway that normally stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits proteolysis will be suppressed, whereas the FoxO-controlled catabolic pathways such as ubiquitin-proteolysis and autophagy/mitophagy will be activated and dominate, resulting in muscle fiber atrophy. Recent Advances: Mitochondria occupy a central position in the regulation of both protein synthesis and degradation through several redox-sensitive pathways, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, mitophagy, and sirtuins. Prolonged IM downregulates PGC-1α due to AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) and FoxO activation, thus decreasing mitochondrial biogenesis and causing oxidative damage. Decrease of mitochondrial inner membrane potential and increase of mitochondrial fission can trigger cascades of mitophagy leading to loss of mitochondrial homeostasis (mitostasis), inflammation, and apoptosis. The phenotypic outcomes of these disorders are compromised muscle function and fiber atrophy. Critical Issues: Given the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis, it is imperative that the integrity of intracellular signaling be restored to prevent the deterioration. So far, overexpression of PGC-1α via transgene and in vivo DNA transfection has been found to be effective in ameliorating mitostasis and reduces IM-induced muscle atrophy. Nutritional supplementation of select amino acids and phytochemicals also provides mechanistic and practical insights into the prevention of muscle disuse atrophy. Future Directions: In light of the importance of mitochondria in regulating the various critical signaling pathways, future work should focus on exploring new epigenetic strategies to restore mitostasis and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Ji
- The Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dongwook Yeo
- The Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Departmet Physical Education, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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18
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Shen S, Yu H, Gan L, Ye Y, Lin L. Natural constituents from food sources: potential therapeutic agents against muscle wasting. Food Funct 2019; 10:6967-6986. [PMID: 31599912 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is highly correlated with not only reduced quality of life but also higher morbidity and mortality. Although an increasing number of patients are suffering from various kinds of muscle atrophy and weakness, there is still no effective therapy available, and skeletal muscle is considered as an under-medicated organ. Food provided not only essential macronutrients but also functional substances involved in the modulation of the physiological systems of our body. Natural constituents from commonly consumed dietary plants, either extracts or compounds, have attracted more and more attention to be developed as agents for preventing and treating muscle wasting due to their safety and effectiveness, as well as structural diversity. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of muscle wasting, and summarizes the extracts and compounds from food sources as potential therapeutic agents against muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Lishe Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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19
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High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Black Tea Does Not Prevent Atrophy by Unloading, But Promotes Soleus Muscle Mass Recovery from Atrophy in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092131. [PMID: 31500089 PMCID: PMC6770236 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that polyphenol-rich fraction (named E80) promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload in mice. This study indicates that E80 has potential for affecting skeletal muscle mass. Then, we evaluate the effect of E80 on atrophic and recovery conditions of skeletal muscle in mice. Hindlimb suspension (unloading) and relanding (reloading) are used extensively to observe disuse muscle atrophy and subsequent muscle mass recovery from atrophy. Eight-week old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a normal diet or a diet containing 0.5% E80 for two weeks under conditions of hindlimb suspension and a subsequent 5 or 10 days of reloading. We found that E80 administration did not prevent atrophy during hindlimb suspension, but promoted recovery of slow-twitch (soleus) muscle mass from atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension. After five days of reloading, we discovered that phosphorylation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins, such as Akt and P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), was activated in the muscle. Therefore, E80 administration accelerated mTOR signal and increased protein synthesis in the reloaded soleus muscle.
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20
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Chung E, Campise SN, Joiner HE, Tomison MD, Kaur G, Dufour JM, Cole L, Ramalingam L, Moustaid-Moussa N, Shen CL. Effect of annatto-extracted tocotrienols and green tea polyphenols on glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolism in obese male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Yoshioka Y, Kubota Y, Samukawa Y, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. Glabridin inhibits dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Li P, Liu A, Xiong W, Lin H, Xiao W, Huang J, Zhang S, Liu Z. Catechins enhance skeletal muscle performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:515-528. [PMID: 30633538 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1549534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-related disorders, such as sarcopenia and cachexia, caused by aging and chronic diseases can lead to the loss of muscle mass and strength to different degrees, severely affecting human health. Globally, tea is one of the three most popular beverages, and its major active ingredient catechins have been reported to delay muscular atrophy and enhance movement. However, currently, there is no systematic review to elaborate its roles and the associated mechanisms. This article reviews the (1) functions and mechanisms of catechins in the differentiation of myogenic stem cells, biogenesis of mitochondria, synthesis and degradation of proteins, regulation of glucose level, and metabolism of lipids in muscle cells; and (2) effect of catechins on the blood vessels, bones, and nerves that are closely related to the skeletal muscles. Catechins could prevent, mitigate, delay, and even treat muscle-related disorders caused by aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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23
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Ramos‐García P, González‐Moles MÁ, Ayén Á, González‐Ruiz L, Ruiz‐Ávila I, Gil‐Montoya JA. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of
CTTN
/cortactin alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2018; 41:1963-1978. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ángela Ayén
- School of MedicineUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Lucía González‐Ruiz
- Servicio de DermatologíaHospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz‐Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía PatológicaComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada Granada Spain
| | - José Antonio Gil‐Montoya
- School of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada Spain
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24
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Wang QQ, Jing XM, Bi YZ, Cao XF, Wang YZ, Li YX, Qiao BJ, Chen Y, Hao YL, Hu J. Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells May Attenuate Sarcopenia in Aged Mice Induced by Hindlimb Suspension. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9272-9281. [PMID: 30571669 PMCID: PMC6320659 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the use of human umbilical cord Wharton’s Jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) to treat sarcopenia has not been explored, we studied the effects of hWJ-MSCs in aged male C57BL/6J mice with sarcopenia induced by hindlimb suspension, and explored the potential mechanism. Material/Methods Hindlimb suspension was used to induce sarcopenia in 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice and green fluorescent protein-tagged hWJ-MSCs and controls were transplanted into mice via tail vein or local intramuscular injection. After hWJ-MSC transplantation, changes in whole body muscle strength and endurance, gastrocnemius muscle weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were studied. Proliferation of skeletal muscle stem cell, apoptosis, and chronic inflammation were also investigated. Results We demonstrated that whole body muscle strength and endurance, gastrocnemius muscle mass, and CSA were significantly increased in hWJ-MSC-transplanted mice than in controls (P<0.05). In hWJ-MSC-transplanted mice, apoptotic myonuclei was reduced, and BrdU and Pax-7 expression indices of gastrocnemius muscles were increased (P<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were downregulated, and IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated (P<0.05). Conclusions hWJ-MSCs may ameliorate sarcopenia in aged male C57BL/6J mice induced by hindlimb suspension, and this may be via activation of resident skeletal muscle satellite cells, reduction of apoptosis, and less chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Quan Wang
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Ma Jing
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Zhen Bi
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Fu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Xin Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bao-Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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25
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Oliveira JRS, Mohamed JS, Myers MJ, Brooks MJ, Alway SE. Effects of hindlimb suspension and reloading on gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass and function in geriatric mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:19-31. [PMID: 30448397 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reloading of atrophied muscles after hindlimb suspension (HLS) can induce muscle injury and prolong recovery after disuse in old rats, especially in fast contracting muscles. Less is known about the responses in mice and whether fast and slow muscles from geriatric mice will respond in a similar fashion to HLS unloading and recovery (HLS + R). Furthermore, while slow muscles undergo atrophy with disuse, they typically are more resistant to sarcopenia than fast contracting muscles. Geriatric (28 mo. of age) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly placed into 3 groups. These included HLS for 14 days n = 9, and HLS followed by 14 days of reloading recovery (HLS + R; n = 9), or normal ambulatory cage controls (n = 9). Control mice were not exposed to unloading. Electrically evoked maximal muscle function was assessed in vivo in anesthetized mice at baseline, after 14 days of HLS or HLS + R. As expected, HLS significantly reduced body weight, wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and in vivo maximal force. There were no differences in vivo fatigability of the plantar flexor muscles and overall fiber size. There were only minor fiber type distribution and frequency distribution of fiber sizes that differ between HLS + R and control gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Soleus muscle wet weight had recovered to control levels after reloading, but type I/IIA fibers in the soleus muscles were significantly smaller after HLS + R than control muscles. In contrast, gastrocnemius muscle wet weight did not recover to control levels after reloading. Plantar flexion muscle force (primarily influenced by the gastrocnemius muscles) did not recover in HLS + R conditions as compared to HLS conditions and both were lower than control force production signaling for apoptosis, autophagy and anabolic markers were not different between control and HLS + R gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in geriatric mice. These results suggest that molecular signaling does not explain attenuated ability to regain muscle wet weight, fiber size or muscle force production after HLS in geriatric mice. It is possible that fluid shifts, reduced blood flow, or shortened muscle fibers which failed to regain control lengths contributed to the attenuation of muscle wet weight after HLS and reloading and this affected force production. Further work is needed to determine if altered/loss of neural activity contributed to the inability of geriatric mice to regain gastrocnemius muscle weight and function after HLS and reloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardhis S Oliveira
- Interuniversity Exchange Undergraduate Program, CAPES Foundation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Dept. of Human Performance & Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States of America; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Dept. of Human Performance & Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Myers
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Dept. of Human Performance & Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Brooks
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Dept. of Human Performance & Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States of America; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States of America; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Dept. of Human Performance & Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America.
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26
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Navarro-Triviño FJ, Gil-Montoya JA. An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2018; 25:949-971. [PMID: 29878474 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. We also analyze a series of emerging functions that cortactin may exert in oral cancer (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of exosomes, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment). We review its molecular structure, its most important interactions (with Src, Arp2/3 complex, and SH3-binding partners), the regulation of its functions, and its specific oncogenic role in oral cancer. We explore the mechanisms of its overexpression in cancer, mainly related to genetic amplification. We analyze the prognostic implications of the oncogenic activation of cortactin in potentially malignant disorders and in head and neck cancer, where it appears to be relevant in the development of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we discuss its usefulness as a therapeutic target and suggest future research lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángela Ayén
- School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
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27
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Brooks MJ, Hajira A, Mohamed JS, Alway SE. Voluntary wheel running increases satellite cell abundance and improves recovery from disuse in gastrocnemius muscles from mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1616-1628. [PMID: 29470148 PMCID: PMC6032091 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00451.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reloading of atrophied muscles after hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU) can induce injury and prolong recovery. Low-impact exercise, such as voluntary wheel running, has been identified as a nondamaging rehabilitation therapy in rodents, but its effects on muscle function, morphology, and satellite cell activity after HSU are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that low-impact wheel running would increase satellite cell proliferation and improve recovery of muscle structure and function after HSU in mice. Young adult male and female C57BL/6 mice ( n = 6/group) were randomly placed into five groups. These included HSU without recovery (HSU), normal ambulatory recovery for 14 days after HSU (HSU+NoWR), and voluntary wheel running recovery for 14 days after HSU (HSU+WR). Two control groups were used: nonsuspended mouse cage controls (Control) and voluntary wheel running controls (ControlWR). Satellite cell activation was evaluated by providing mice 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in their drinking water. As expected, HSU significantly reduced in vivo maximal force, decreased in vivo fatigability, and decreased type I and IIa myosin heavy chain (MHC) abundance in plantarflexor muscles. HSU+WR mice significantly improved plantarflexor fatigue resistance, increased type I and IIa MHC abundance, increased fiber cross-sectional area, and increased the percentage of type I and IIA muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle. HSU+WR mice also had a significantly greater percentage of BrdU-positive and Pax 7-positive nuclei inside muscle fibers and a greater MyoD-to-Pax 7 protein ratio compared with HSU+NoWR mice. The mechanotransduction protein Yes-associated protein (YAP) was elevated with reloading after HSU, but HSU+WR mice had lower levels of the inactive phosphorylated YAPserine127, which may have contributed to increased satellite cell activation with reloading after HSU. These results indicate that voluntary wheel running increased YAP signaling and satellite cell activity after HSU and this was associated with improved recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although satellite cell involvement in muscle remodeling has been challenged, the data in this study suggest that voluntary wheel running increased satellite cell activity and suppressed Yes-associated protein (YAP) protein relative to no wheel running and this was associated with improved muscle recovery of force, fatigue resistance, expression of type I myosin heavy chain, and greater fiber cross-sectional area after disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brooks
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance and Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ameena Hajira
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance and Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance and Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance and Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center , Memphis, Tennessee
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28
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Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. Drugs of Muscle Wasting and Their Therapeutic Targets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:463-481. [PMID: 30390265 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting and weakness such as cachexia, atrophy, and sarcopenia are characterized by marked decreases in the protein content, myonuclear number, muscle fiber size, and muscle strength. This chapter focuses on the recent advances of pharmacological approach for attenuating muscle wasting.A myostatin-inhibiting approach is very intriguing to prevent sarcopenia but not muscular dystrophy in humans. Supplementation with ghrelin is also an important candidate to combat sarcopenia as well as cachexia. Treatment with soy isoflavone, trichostatin A (TSA), and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) inhibitors seems to be effective modulators attenuating muscle wasting, although further systematic research is needed on this treatment in particular concerning side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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29
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Park SS, Kwon ES, Kwon KS. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions in sarcopenia. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2017; 3:117-122. [PMID: 30775515 PMCID: PMC6372765 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2017.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of muscle mass and function with aging. Recently sarcopenia was recognized as a clinical disease by the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, Clinical Modification. An imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation causes a gradual loss of muscle mass, resulting in a decline of muscle function as a progress of sarcopenia. Many mechanisms involved in the onset of sarcopenia include age-related factors as well as activity-, disease-, and nutrition-related factors. The stage of sarcopenia reflecting the severity of conditions assists clinical management of sarcopenia. It is important that systemic descriptions of the disease conditions include age, sex, and other environmental risk factors as well as levels of physical function. To develop a new therapeutic intervention needed is the detailed understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms by which apoptosis, autophagy, atrophy, and hypertrophy occur in the muscle stem cells, myotubes, and/or neuromuscular junction. The new strategy to managing sarcopenia will be signal-modulating small molecules, natural compounds, repurposing of old drugs, and muscle-specific microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sup Park
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Corresponding author. Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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30
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Pence BD, Bhattacharya TK, Park P, Rytych JL, Allen JM, Sun Y, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Johnson RW, Rhodes JS, Woods JA. Long-term supplementation with EGCG and beta-alanine decreases mortality but does not affect cognitive or muscle function in aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:22-29. [PMID: 28818411 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 6weeks of a diet containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and beta-alanine (B-ALA) was not effective in improving either cognitive or muscle function in aged (18month) mice (Gibbons et al. Behav Brain Res 2014). However, diet reduced oxidative stress in the brain, and previous studies using longer-term interventions have documented beneficial effects in cognitive, but not muscle, function. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 6months of feeding on measures of cognitive and muscle function in mice. Mice (12months, N=15/group) were fed AIN-93M containing 0.15% EGCG and 0.34% B-ALA or standard AIN-93M for 6months, then underwent a battery of tests for cognitive and muscle function at 18months. Interestingly, a higher percentage of mice receiving EGCG and B-ALA (E+B, 80%) survived to study end compared to control (Ctrl, 40%) mice (p=0.02). E+B did not affect arm preference in the Y-maze test (p=0.74, novel arm) and did not alter performance in an active avoidance test (p=0.16, avoidances per 50 trials). E+B increased rotarod performance (p=0.03), did not affect grip strength (p=0.91), and decreased time to exhaustion in a treadmill fatigue test (p=0.02) compared to Ctrl. In conclusion, E+B reduced mortality, had no effect on cognitive function and variable effects on muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt D Pence
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States; Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Tushar K Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Pul Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jennifer L Rytych
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jacob M Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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31
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Takahashi H, Suzuki Y, Mohamed JS, Gotoh T, Pereira SL, Alway SE. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases autophagy signaling in resting and unloaded plantaris muscles but selectively suppresses autophagy protein abundance in reloaded muscles of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017; 92:56-66. [PMID: 28286171 PMCID: PMC5501279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously found that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), an abundant catechin in green tea, reduced apoptotic signaling and improved muscle recovery in response to reloading after hindlimb suspension (HS). In this study, we investigated if EGCg altered autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle of old rats in response to HS or reloading after HS. Fischer 344×Brown Norway inbred rats (age 34months) were given 1ml/day of purified EGCg (50mg/kg body weight), or the same sample volume of the vehicle by gavage. One group of animals received HS for 14days and the second group of rats received 14days of HS, then the HS was removed and they were allowed to recover by ambulating normally around the cage for two weeks. EGCg decreased a small number of autophagy genes in control muscles, but it increased the expression of other autophagy genes (e.g., ATG16L2, SNCA, TM9SF1, Pink1, PIM-2) and HS did not attenuate these increases. HS increased Beclin1, ATG7 and LC3-II/I protein abundance in hindlimb muscles. Relative to vehicle treatment, EGCg treatment had greater ATG12 protein abundance (35.8%, P<0.05), but decreased Beclin1 protein levels (-101.1%, P<0.05) after HS. However, in reloaded muscles, EGCg suppressed Beclin1 and LC3-II/I protein abundance as compared to vehicle treated muscles. EGCg appeared to "prime" autophagy signaling before and enhance autophagy gene expression and protein levels during unloading in muscles of aged rats, perhaps to improve the clearance of damaged organelles. However, EGCg suppressed autophagy signaling after reloading, potentially to increase the recovery of hindlimb muscles mass and function after loading is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kyushu University, Naoiri-gun Kuju-cho 4045-4, 878-0201, Oita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kyushu University, Naoiri-gun Kuju-cho 4045-4, 878-0201, Oita, Japan
| | - Suzette L Pereira
- Discovery Technology, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, United States
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
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32
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Pence BD, Bhattacharya TK, Park P, Rytych JL, Allen JM, Sun Y, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Johnson RW, Rhodes JS, Woods JA. Dose-dependent decrease in mortality with no cognitive or muscle function improvements due to dietary EGCG supplementation in aged mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:495-502. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a diet containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and beta-alanine is not effective in improving either cognitive or muscle function in aged (18 month) mice (Gibbons et al., Behav. Brain Res., 2014, 272:131–140; Pence et al., Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 2016, 41(2): 181–190). However, this diet reduced oxidative stress in the brain, and previous studies using longer term interventions and other doses have documented beneficial effects in cognitive and muscle function, especially with EGCG. Here we hypothesized that a different dose of EGCG or longer feeding period would be more efficacious in improving cognition. Aged (21–25 mo) Balb/cByJ male mice underwent 63 days of feeding with EGCG at 0, 0.091, or 3.67 mg/g AIN-93M diet and were then subjected to a battery of cognitive and muscle function tests. EGCG feeding at either of the 2 doses did not alter preference for novel versus familiar arm in the Y-maze test (p = 0.29) and did not affect learning in the active avoidance test (p = 0.76). Similarly, EGCG did not affect preference for novel versus familiar mice in a social discrimination test (p = 0.17). Likewise, there was no effect of EGCG on muscle function by grip strength (p = 0.16), rotarod (p = 0.18), or treadmill test to exhaustion (p = 0.25). EGCG reduced mortality in a dose-dependent fashion (p = 0.05, log-rank test for trend), with 91% of high EGCG, 72% of low EGCG, and 55% of control mice surviving to the end of the study. In conclusion, EGCG improves survival in aged mice but does not affect cognitive or muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt D. Pence
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tushar K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Pul Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Rytych
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jacob M. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert H. McCusker
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keith W. Kelley
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Black Tea High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenol-Rich Fraction Promotes Hypertrophy during Functional Overload in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040548. [PMID: 28353662 PMCID: PMC6154721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria activation factor (MAF) is a high-molecular-weight polyphenol extracted from black tea that stimulates training-induced 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and improves endurance capacity. Originally, MAF was purified from black tea using butanol and acetone, making it unsuitable for food preparation. Hence, we extracted a MAF-rich sample "E80" from black tea, using ethanol and water only. Here, we examined the effects of E80 on resistance training. Eight-week old C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet or a diet containing 0.5% E80 for 4, 7 and 14 days under conditions of functional overload. It was found that E80 administration promoted overload-induced hypertrophy and induced phosphorylation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins, such as Akt, P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and S6 in the plantaris muscle. Therefore, functional overload and E80 administration accelerated mTOR signaling and increased protein synthesis in the muscle, thereby inducing hypertrophy.
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Kim AR, Kim KM, Byun MR, Hwang JH, Park JI, Oh HT, Jeong MG, Hwang ES, Hong JH. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate stimulates myogenic differentiation through TAZ activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:378-384. [PMID: 28315325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Muscle loss is a typical process of aging. Green tea consumption is known to slow down the progress of aging. Their underlying mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound of green tea, on myogenic differentiation and found that EGCG significantly increases myogenic differentiation. After EGCG treatment, the expression of myogenic marker genes, such as myosin heavy chain, are increased through activation of TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif. TAZ-knockdown does not stimulate EGCG-induced myogenic differentiation. EGCG facilitates the interaction between TAZ and MyoD, which stimulates MyoD-mediated gene transcription. EGCG induces nuclear localization of TAZ through the dephosphorylation of TAZ at its Ser89 residue, which relieves 14-3-3 binding in the cytosol. Interestingly, inactivation of Lats kinase is observed after EGCG treatment, which is responsible for the production of dephosphorylated TAZ. Together, these results suggest that EGCG induces myogenic differentiation through TAZ, suggesting that TAZ plays an important role in EGCG induced muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rum Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jung Il Park
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ho Taek Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Mukai R, Horikawa H, Lin PY, Tsukumo N, Nikawa T, Kawamura T, Nemoto H, Terao J. 8-Prenylnaringenin promotes recovery from immobilization-induced disuse muscle atrophy through activation of the Akt phosphorylation pathway in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1022-R1031. [PMID: 27629889 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00521.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylflavonoid that originates from hop extracts and is thought to help prevent disuse muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that 8-PN affects muscle plasticity by promoting muscle recovery under disuse muscle atrophy. To test the promoting effect of 8-PN on muscle recovery, we administered an 8-PN mixed diet to mice that had been immobilized with a cast to one leg for 14 days. Intake of the 8-PN mixed diet accelerated recovery from muscle atrophy, and prevented reductions in Akt phosphorylation. Studies on cell cultures of mouse myotubes in vitro demonstrated that 8-PN activated the PI3K/Akt/P70S6K1 pathway at physiological concentrations. A cell-culture study using an inhibitor of estrogen receptors and an in vivo experiment with ovariectomized mice suggested that the estrogenic activity of 8-PN contributed to recovery from disuse muscle atrophy through activation of an Akt phosphorylation pathway. These data strongly suggest that 8-PN is a naturally occurring compound that could be used as a nutritional supplement to aid recovery from disuse muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan;
| | - Hitomi Horikawa
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nao Tsukumo
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisao Nemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Deschenes MR, Leathrum CM. Gender-specific neuromuscular adaptations to unloading in isolated rat soleus muscles. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:300-7. [PMID: 26773754 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential of gender to affect unloading-induced neuromuscular adaptations was investigated. METHODS Twenty male and 20 female rats were assigned to control (CTL), or unloaded (UL) conditions. After 2 weeks of unloading, soleus muscles were removed, and neuromuscular function was assessed during a train of alternating indirect (neural) and direct (muscle) stimuli. RESULTS In rested muscle, strength showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) main effects for gender (male > female) and treatment (CTL > UL). By the end of the testing protocol, when muscles showed fatigue, gender-related and treatment-related differences in strength had disappeared. Neuromuscular transmission efficiency and strength suffered a greater decline during the testing protocol in males than females. Unloaded male muscles displayed greater contractile velocity than female muscles both when rested and fatigued. CONCLUSIONS Gender affected unloading-induced neuromuscular adaptations. The greater strength of rested male muscles was due to greater muscle mass and neuromuscular transmission efficiency. Muscle Nerve 54: 300-307, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Deschenes
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23187-8795, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Colleen M Leathrum
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23187-8795, USA
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Bhullar AS, Putman CT, Mazurak VC. Potential Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Myogenic Program of Satellite Cells. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:1-10. [PMID: 26884682 PMCID: PMC4747635 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s27481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle loss is associated with aging as well as pathological conditions. Satellite cells (SCs) play an important role in muscle regeneration. Omega-3 fatty acids are widely studied in a variety of muscle wasting diseases; however, little is known about their impact on skeletal muscle regeneration. The aim of this review is to evaluate studies examining the effect of omega-3 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on the regulation of SC proliferation and differentiation. This review highlights mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may modulate the myogenic program of the stem cell population within skeletal muscles and identifies considerations for future studies. It is proposed that minimally three myogenic transcriptional regulatory factors, paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation 1 protein, and myogenin, should be measured to confirm the stage of SCs within the myogenic program affected by omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal S Bhullar
- M.Sc, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Science, Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Charles T Putman
- PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Science, Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Nagano K. Alteration of cathepsin-D expression in atrophied muscles and apoptotic myofibers by hindlimb unloading in a low-temperature environment. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3585-91. [PMID: 26696743 PMCID: PMC4681950 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to elucidate the cathepsin-D involvement in
signaling pathways for the survival and apoptosis of myofibers in rats with
hindlimb-unloading in a low-temperature environment. [Subjects and Methods] Wistar rats
were divided into two groups: a control group and a group that underwent hindlimb
unloading in a low-temperature environment to induce muscle apoptosis. Cathepsin-D
localization in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, along with the
expression of cathepsin-D in apoptotic myofibers, was examined. Expression of the active
and inactive forms of cathepsin-D was also analyzed. [Results] Cathepsin-D was mainly
expressed in type I myofibers and was observed to have punctate patterns in the control
group. In the hindlimb unloading in a low-temperature environment group, the type I
myofiber composition ratio decreased, and caspase-3 activation and TUNEL-positive
apoptotic myofibers were observed. In caspase-3-activated myofibers, cathepsin-D
overexpression and leakage of it into the cytoplasm were observed. In the hindlimb
unloading in a low-temperature environment group, the amount of inactive cathepsin-D
decreased, whereas that of the active form increased. [Conclusion] Cathepsin-D was deduced
to be indicative of a myofiber-type classification and a factor related to myofiber type
maintenance. In addition, cathepsin-D leakage into the cytoplasm was appeared to be
involved in caspase-3 activation in the hindlimb unloading in a low-temperature
environment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Nagano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fukui College of Health Sciences, Japan
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Pence BD, Gibbons TE, Bhattacharya TK, Mach H, Ossyra JM, Petr G, Martin SA, Wang L, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Rhodes JS, Johnson RW, Woods JA. Effects of exercise and dietary epigallocatechin gallate and β-alanine on skeletal muscle in aged mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:181-90. [PMID: 26761622 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to sarcopenia and loss of physical function. We examined whether voluntary wheel running, when combined with dietary supplementation with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and β-alanine (β-ALA), could improve muscle function and alter gene expression in the gastrocnemius of aged mice. Seventeen-month-old BALB/cByJ mice were given access to a running wheel or remained sedentary for 41 days while receiving either AIN-93M (standard feed) or AIN-93M containing 1.5 mg·kg(-1) EGCG and 3.43 mg·kg(-1) β-ALA. Mice underwent tests over 11 days from day 29 to day 39 of the study period, including muscle function testing (grip strength, treadmill exhaustive fatigue, rotarod). Following a rest day, mice were euthanized and gastrocnemii were collected for analysis of gene expression by quantitative PCR. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) improved rotarod and treadmill exhaustive fatigue performance and maintained grip strength in aged mice, while dietary intervention had no effect. VWR increased gastrocnemius expression of several genes, including those encoding interleukin-6 (Il6, p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1, p = 0.046), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (Ppargc1a, p = 0.013), forkhead box protein O3 (Foxo3, p = 0.005), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf, p = 0.008), while reducing gastrocnemius levels of the lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxynonenal (p = 0.019). Dietary intervention alone increased gastrocnemius expression of Ppargc1a (p = 0.033) and genes encoding NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1, p = 0.039), insulin-like growth factor I (Igf1, p = 0.003), and macrophage marker CD11b (Itgam, p = 0.016). Exercise and a diet containing β-ALA and EGCG differentially regulated gene expression in the gastrocnemius of aged mice, while VWR but not dietary intervention improved muscle function. We found no synergistic effects between dietary intervention and VWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt D Pence
- a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Trisha E Gibbons
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tushar K Bhattacharya
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Houston Mach
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jessica M Ossyra
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Geraldine Petr
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Martin
- a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,f Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert H McCusker
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keith W Kelley
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- d Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.,e Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,g Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,b Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,c Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,h Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Wimmer RJ, Russell SJ, Schneider MF. Green tea component EGCG, insulin and IGF-1 promote nuclear efflux of atrophy-associated transcription factor Foxo1 in skeletal muscle fibers. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1559-67. [PMID: 26344776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevention and slowing of skeletal muscle atrophy with nutritional approaches offers the potential to provide far-reaching improvements in the quality of life for our increasingly aging population. Here we show that polyphenol flavonoid epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), found in the popular beverage green tea (Camellia sinensis), demonstrates similar effects to the endogenous hormones insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin in the ability to suppress action of the atrophy-promoting transcription factor Foxo1 through a net translocation of Foxo1 out of the nucleus as monitored by nucleo-cytoplasmic movement of Foxo1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live skeletal muscle fibers. Foxo1-GFP nuclear efflux is rapid in IGF-1 or insulin, but delayed by an additional 30 min for EGCG. Once activated, kinetic analysis with a simple mathematical model shows EGCG, IGF-1 and insulin all produce similar apparent rate constants for Foxo1-GFP unidirectional nuclear influx and efflux. Interestingly, EGCG appears to have its effect at least partially via parallel signaling pathways that are independent of IGF-1's (and insulin's) downstream PI3K/Akt/Foxo1 signaling axis. Using the live fiber model system, we also determine the dose-response curve for both IGF-1 and insulin on Foxo1 nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution. The continued understanding of the activation mechanisms of EGCG could allow for nutritional promotion of green tea's antiatrophy skeletal muscle benefits and have implications in the development of a clinically significant parallel pathway for new drugs to target muscle wasting and the reduced insulin receptor sensitivity which causes type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sarah J Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Sung B, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Kim M, Jeong JW, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Loquat leaf extract enhances myogenic differentiation, improves muscle function and attenuates muscle loss in aged rats. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:792-800. [PMID: 26178971 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A main characteristic of aging is the debilitating, progressive and generalized impairment of biological functions, resulting in an increased vulnerability to disease and death. Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the human body; thus, it is the most abundant tissue. At the age of 30 onwards, 0.5‑1% of human muscle mass is lost each year, with a marked acceleration in the rate of decline after the age of 65. Thus, novel strategies that effectively attenuate skeletal muscle loss and enhance muscle function are required to improve the quality of life of older subjects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf extract (LE) can prevent the loss of skeletal muscle function in aged rats. Young (5-month-old) and aged (18‑19-month-old) rats were fed LE (50 mg/kg/day) for 35 days and the changes in muscle mass and strength were evaluated. The age‑associated loss of grip strength was attenuated, and muscle mass and muscle creatine kinase (CK) activity were enhanced following the administration of LE. Histochemical analysis also revealed that LE abrogated the age‑associated decrease in cross‑sectional area (CSA) and decreased the amount of connective tissue in the muscle of aged rats. To investigate the mode of action of LE, C2C12 murine myoblasts were used to evaluate the myogenic potential of LE. The expression levels of myogenic proteins (MyoD and myogenin) and functional myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were measured by western blot analysis. LE enhanced MyoD, myogenin and MyHC expression. The changes in the expression of myogenic genes corresponded with an increase in the activity of CK, a myogenic differentiation marker. Finally, LE activated the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which is involved in muscle protein synthesis during myogenesis. These findings suggest that LE attenuates sarcopenia by promoting myogenic differentiation and subsequently promoting muscle protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Bhattacharya TK, Pence BD, Ossyra JM, Gibbons TE, Perez S, McCusker RH, Kelley KW, Johnson RW, Woods JA, Rhodes JS. Exercise but not (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate or β-alanine enhances physical fitness, brain plasticity, and behavioral performance in mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 145:29-37. [PMID: 25797079 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition and physical exercise can enhance cognitive function but the specific combinations of dietary bioactives that maximize pro-cognitive effects are not known nor are the contributing neurobiological mechanisms. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid constituent of many plants with high levels found in green tea. EGCG has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and is known to cross the blood brain barrier where it can affect brain chemistry and physiology. β-Alanine (B-ALA) is a naturally occurring β-amino acid that could increase cognitive functioning by increasing levels of exercise via increased capacity of skeletal muscle, by crossing the blood brain barrier and acting as a neurotransmitter, or by free radical scavenging in muscle and brain after conversion into carnosine. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of EGCG (~250mg/kg/day), B-ALA (~550mg/kg/day), and their combination with voluntary wheel running exercise on the following outcome measures: body composition, time to fatigue, production of new cells in the granule layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as a marker for neuronal plasticity, and behavioral performance on the contextual and cued fear conditioning tasks, as measures of associative learning and memory. Young adult male BALB/cJ mice approximately 2months old were randomized into 8 groups varying the nutritional supplement in their diet and access to running wheels over a 39day study period. Running increased food intake, decreased fat mass, increased time to exhaustive fatigue, increased numbers of new cells in the granule layer of the hippocampus, and enhanced retrieval of both contextual and cued fear memories. The diets had no effect on their own or in combination with exercise on any of the fitness, plasticity, and behavioral outcome measures other than B-ALA decreased percent body fat whereas EGCG increased lean body mass slightly. Results suggest that, in young adult BALB/cJ mice, a 39day treatment of exercise but not dietary supplementation with B-ALA or EGCG enhances measures of fitness, neuroplasticity and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K Bhattacharya
- Beckman Institute, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Brandt D Pence
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jessica M Ossyra
- Beckman Institute, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Trisha E Gibbons
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Samuel Perez
- Beckman Institute, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Psychology, Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Kawabata K, Mukai R, Ishisaka A. Quercetin and related polyphenols: new insights and implications for their bioactivity and bioavailability. Food Funct 2015; 6:1399-417. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions and mechanisms of action of quercetin and its related polyphenols are highlighted, including their effects on brain, blood vessels, muscle, and intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Kawabata
- Department of Bioscience
- Fukui Prefectural University
- Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195
- Japan
| | - Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science
- Institute of Health Biosciences
- The University of Tokushima Graduate School
- Tokushima 770-8503
- Japan
| | - Akari Ishisaka
- School of Human Science and Environment
- University of Hyogo
- Himeji 670-0092
- Japan
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Alway SE, Bennett BT, Wilson JC, Sperringer J, Mohamed JS, Edens NK, Pereira SL. Green tea extract attenuates muscle loss and improves muscle function during disuse, but fails to improve muscle recovery following unloading in aged rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:319-30. [PMID: 25414242 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00674.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we tested the hypothesis that green tea extract (GTE) would improve muscle recovery after reloading following disuse. Aged (32 mo) Fischer 344 Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to receive either 14 days of hindlimb suspension (HLS) or 14 days of HLS followed by normal ambulatory function for 14 days (recovery). Additional animals served as cage controls. The rats were given GTE (50 mg/kg body wt) or water (vehicle) by gavage 7 days before and throughout the experimental periods. Compared with vehicle treatment, GTE significantly attenuated the loss of hindlimb plantaris muscle mass (-24.8% vs. -10.7%, P < 0.05) and tetanic force (-43.7% vs. -25.9%, P <0.05) during HLS. Although GTE failed to further improve recovery of muscle function or mass compared with vehicle treatment, animals given green tea via gavage maintained the lower losses of muscle mass that were found during HLS (-25.2% vs. -16.0%, P < 0.05) and force (-45.7 vs. -34.4%, P < 0.05) after the reloading periods. In addition, compared with vehicle treatment, GTE attenuated muscle fiber cross-sectional area loss in both plantaris (-39.9% vs. -23.9%, P < 0.05) and soleus (-37.2% vs. -17.6%) muscles after HLS. This green tea-induced difference was not transient but was maintained over the reloading period for plantaris (-45.6% vs. -21.5%, P <0.05) and soleus muscle fiber cross-sectional area (-38.7% vs. -10.9%, P <0.05). GTE increased satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in plantaris and soleus muscles during recovery from HLS compared with vehicle-treated muscles and decreased oxidative stress and abundance of the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), yet this did not further improve muscle recovery in reloaded muscles. These data suggest that muscle recovery following disuse in aging is complex. Although satellite cell proliferation and differentiation are critical for muscle repair to occur, green tea-induced changes in satellite cell number is by itself insufficient to improve muscle recovery following a period of atrophy in old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; West Virginia Center for Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Brian T Bennett
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Joseph C Wilson
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Justin Sperringer
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
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45
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Alway SE, Myers MJ, Mohamed JS. Regulation of satellite cell function in sarcopenia. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:246. [PMID: 25295003 PMCID: PMC4170136 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to sarcopenia include reduced satellite cell (myogenic stem cell) function that is impacted by the environment (niche) of these cells. Satellite cell function is affected by oxidative stress, which is elevated in aged muscles, and this along with changes in largely unknown systemic factors, likely contribute to the manner in which satellite cells respond to stressors such as exercise, disuse, or rehabilitation in sarcopenic muscles. Nutritional intervention provides one therapeutic strategy to improve the satellite cell niche and systemic factors, with the goal of improving satellite cell function in aging muscles. Although many elderly persons consume various nutraceuticals with the hope of improving health, most of these compounds have not been thoroughly tested, and the impacts that they might have on sarcopenia and satellite cell function are not clear. This review discusses data pertaining to the satellite cell responses and function in aging skeletal muscle, and the impact that three compounds: resveratrol, green tea catechins, and β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate have on regulating satellite cell function and therefore contributing to reducing sarcopenia or improving muscle mass after disuse in aging. The data suggest that these nutraceutical compounds improve satellite cell function during rehabilitative loading in animal models of aging after disuse (i.e., muscle regeneration). While these compounds have not been rigorously tested in humans, the data from animal models of aging provide a strong basis for conducting additional focused work to determine if these or other nutraceuticals can offset the muscle losses, or improve regeneration in sarcopenic muscles of older humans via improving satellite cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Matthew J. Myers
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Junaith S. Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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