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Abu-Bonsrah KD, Zhang D, Bjorksten AR, Dottori M, Newgreen DF. Generation of Adrenal Chromaffin-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:134-150. [PMID: 29233551 PMCID: PMC5768882 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells are catecholamine (CA)-producing cells originating from trunk neural crest (NC) via sympathoadrenal progenitors (SAPs). We generated NC and SAPs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro via BMP2/FGF2 exposure, ascertained by qPCR and immunoexpression of SOX10, ASCL1, TFAP2α, and PHOX2B, and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting selection for p75NTR and GD2, and confirmed their trunk-like HOX gene expression. We showed that continuing BMP4 and curtailing FGF2 in vitro, augmented with corticosteroid mimetic, induced these cells to upregulate the chromaffin cell-specific marker PNMT and other CA synthesis and storage markers, and we demonstrated noradrenaline and adrenaline by Faglu and high-performance liquid chromatography. We showed these human cells' SAP-like property of migration and differentiation into cells expressing chromaffin cell markers by implanting them into avian embryos in vivo and in chorio-allantoic membrane grafts. These cells have the potential for investigating differentiation of human chromaffin cells and for modeling diseases involving this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Dongcheng Zhang
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bjorksten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital Grattan Street, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia.
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Vukicevic V, Rubin de Celis MF, Pellegata NS, Bornstein SR, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Adrenomedullary progenitor cells: Isolation and characterization of a multi-potent progenitor cell population. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:178-84. [PMID: 25575455 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal is a highly plastic organ with the ability to adjust to physiological needs by adapting hormone production but also by generating and regenerating both adrenocortical and adrenomedullary tissue. It is now apparent that many adult tissues maintain stem and progenitor cells that contribute to their maintenance and adaptation. Research from the last years has proven the existence of stem and progenitor cells also in the adult adrenal medulla throughout life. These cells maintain some neural crest properties and have the potential to differentiate to the endocrine and neural lineages. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the existence of adrenomedullary multi potent progenitor cells, their isolation and characterization, their differentiation potential as well as their clinical potential in transplantation therapies but also in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vukicevic
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Clinic III, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Fernandez Rubin de Celis
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Clinic III, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Medical Clinic III, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Division of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Clinic III, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Ehrhart-Bornstein
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Clinic III, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal microencapsulated human pheochromocytoma cell in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12135-48. [PMID: 25007069 PMCID: PMC4139834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pheochromocytoma cells, which are demonstrated to contain and release met-enkephalin and norepinephrine, may be a promising resource for cell therapy in cancer-induced intractable pain. Intrathecal injection of alginate-poly (l) lysine-alginate (APA) microencapsulated human pheochromocytoma cells leads to antinociceptive effect in a rat model of bone cancer pain, and this effect was blocked by opioid antagonist naloxone and alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist rauwolscine. Neurochemical changes of cerebrospinal fluid are in accordance with the analgesic responses. Taken together, these data support that human pheochromocytoma cell implant-induced antinociception was mediated by met-enkephalin and norepinephrine secreted from the cell implants and acting at spinal receptors. Spinal implantation of microencapsulated human pheochromocytoma cells may provide an alternative approach for the therapy of chronic intractable pain.
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Saxena S, Wahl J, Huber-Lang MS, Stadel D, Braubach P, Debatin KM, Beltinger C. Generation of murine sympathoadrenergic progenitor-like cells from embryonic stem cells and postnatal adrenal glands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64454. [PMID: 23675538 PMCID: PMC3651195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathoadrenergic progenitor cells (SAPs) of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are important for normal development of the sympathetic PNS and for the genesis of neuroblastoma, the most common and often lethal extracranial solid tumor in childhood. However, it remains difficult to isolate sufficient numbers of SAPs for investigations. We therefore set out to improve generation of SAPs by using two complementary approaches, differentiation from murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and isolation from postnatal murine adrenal glands. We provide evidence that selecting for GD2 expression enriches for ESC-derived SAP-like cells and that proliferating SAP-like cells can be isolated from postnatal adrenal glands of mice. These advances may facilitate investigations about the development and malignant transformation of the sympathetic PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus S. Huber-Lang
- Institute of Traumatology, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominic Stadel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Division of Neurophysiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Beltinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Yates R, Katugampola H, Cavlan D, Cogger K, Meimaridou E, Hughes C, Metherell L, Guasti L, King P. Adrenocortical Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2013; 106:239-312. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416021-7.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ambriz-Tututi M, Monjaraz-Fuentes F, Drucker-Colín R. Chromaffin cell transplants: From the lab to the clinic. Life Sci 2012; 91:1243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Santana MM, Chung KF, Vukicevic V, Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Kanczkowski W, Cortez V, Hackmann K, Bastos CA, Mota A, Schrock E, Bornstein SR, Cavadas C, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Isolation, characterization, and differentiation of progenitor cells from human adult adrenal medulla. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197690 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromaffin cells, sympathetic neurons of the dorsal ganglia, and the intermediate small intensely fluorescent cells derive from a common neural crest progenitor cell. Contrary to the closely related sympathetic nervous system, within the adult adrenal medulla a subpopulation of undifferentiated progenitor cells persists, and recently, we established a method to isolate and differentiate these progenitor cells from adult bovine adrenals. However, no studies have elucidated the existence of adrenal progenitor cells within the human adrenal medulla. Here we describe the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of chromaffin progenitor cells obtained from adult human adrenals. Human chromaffin progenitor cells were cultured in low-attachment conditions for 10-12 days as free-floating spheres in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and epidermal growth factor. These primary human chromosphere cultures were characterized by the expression of several progenitor markers, including nestin, CD133, Notch1, nerve growth factor receptor, Snai2, Sox9, Sox10, Phox2b, and Ascl1 on the molecular level and of Sox9 on the immunohistochemical level. In opposition, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), a marker for differentiated chromaffin cells, significantly decreased after 12 days in culture. Moreover, when plated on poly-l-lysine/laminin-coated slides in the presence of FGF-2, human chromaffin progenitor cells were able to differentiate into two distinct neuron-like cell types, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)(+)/β-3-tubulin(+) cells and TH(-)/β-3-tubulin(+) cells, and into chromaffin cells (TH(+)/PNMT(+)). This study demonstrates the presence of progenitor cells in the human adrenal medulla and reveals their potential use in regenerative medicine, especially in the treatment of neuroendocrine and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Eaton MJ, Berrocal Y, Wolfe SQ, Widerström-Noga E. Review of the history and current status of cell-transplant approaches for the management of neuropathic pain. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:263972. [PMID: 22745903 PMCID: PMC3382629 DOI: 10.1155/2012/263972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of sensory neuropathies, whether inherited or caused by trauma, the progress of diabetes, or other disease states, are among the most difficult problems in modern clinical practice. Cell therapy to release antinociceptive agents near the injured spinal cord would be the logical next step in the development of treatment modalities. But few clinical trials, especially for chronic pain, have tested the transplant of cells or a cell line to treat human disease. The history of the research and development of useful cell-transplant-based approaches offers an understanding of the advantages and problems associated with these technologies, but as an adjuvant or replacement for current pharmacological treatments, cell therapy is a likely near future clinical tool for improved health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Eaton
- Miami VA Health System Center, D806C, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Yerko Berrocal
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Stacey Q. Wolfe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, 1 Jarrett White Road, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Eva Widerström-Noga
- Miami VA Health System Center, D806C, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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GABAergic pathway in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain: Modulation after intrathecal transplantation of a human neuronal cell line. Neurosci Res 2011; 69:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jeon Y. Cell based therapy for the management of chronic pain. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 60:3-7. [PMID: 21359073 PMCID: PMC3040428 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2011.60.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain, still has significant unmet needs. In addition to inadequate symptomatic relief, there are concerns about adverse effects and addiction associated with treatments. The transplantation of cells that secrete neuroactive substances with analgesic properties into the central nervous system has only become of practical interest in more recent years, but provides a novel strategy to challenge current approaches in treating chronic pain. This review covers pre-clinical and clinical studies from both allogeneic and xenogeneic sources for management of chronic refractory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Wu S, Ma C, Li G, Mai M, Wu Y. Intrathecal implantation of microencapsulated PC12 cells reduces cold allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Artif Organs 2010; 35:294-300. [PMID: 21114677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2010.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of cells into the central nervous system provides a constant and replenishable source of analgesic substances for the alleviation of chronic pain. In the present study, PC12 cells were microencapsulated in a semipermeable membrane that protected the cells from the host's immune system. A chronic neuropathic pain model was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats with CCI were divided randomly into two groups: the cell-loaded group received microencapsulated PC12 cells (n = 15) and the control group received empty capsules (n = 15). The microcapsules were implanted into the lumbar subarachnoid space. After implantation, a significant reduction of cold allodynia was observed in the rats of the cell-loaded group at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days compared to the control group with the empty capsules (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of catecholamines and met-enkephalin in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats in the cell-loaded group were higher than the levels in the controls (P < 0.05). These results suggest that intrathecal microencapsulated PC12 cells could be a useful method for chronic neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Wu
- Pain Treatment Centre of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Pérez-Alvarez A, Hernández-Vivanco A, Albillos A. Past, Present and Future of Human Chromaffin Cells: Role in Physiology and Therapeutics. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:1407-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chromaffin Progenitor Cells from the Adrenal Medulla. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:1417-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tyrosine hydroxylase, chromogranin A, and steroidogenic acute regulator as markers for successful separation of human adrenal medulla. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 340:607-12. [PMID: 20440513 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Progress in high throughput "-omic" techniques now allows the simultaneous measurement of expression levels of thousands of genes and promises the improved understanding of the molecular biology of diseases such as cancer. Detection of the dysfunction of molecular pathways in diseases requires healthy control tissue. This is difficult to obtain from pheochromocytomas (PHEOs), rare chromaffin tumors derived from adrenal medulla. The two options for obtaining adrenal tissue are: (1) whole organ removal post-mortem or during radical nephrectomy; (2) removal during PHEO surgery. Access to high quality normal adrenal tissue is limited. Removal of whole adrenals during nephrectomy is rare, because of improved surgical techniques. For adrenals removed post-mortem, the lag time to proper organ perfusion causes uncontrolled tissue degradation. Adjacent normal adrenal tissue can almost never be obtained from resected PHEOs, because they often replace the entire medulla or are well-encapsulated. If a margin of normal adrenal is attached to a resected PHEO, it seldom contains any medulla. The clean separation of medulla and cortex is further complicated, because their border is convoluted, and because adult adrenal consists of approximately 90% cortex. Thus, the quality of separation has to be evaluated with specific medullary and cortical markers. We describe the successful dissection of highly pure, medullary tissue from adrenals snap-frozen upon resection during radical nephrectomy or after brain death. Separation quality has been verified by quantitative reverse transcription with polymerase chain reaction for the medullary enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, and chromogranin A, and for the cortical enzyme, steroidogenic acute regulator.
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Chung KF, Sicard F, Vukicevic V, Hermann A, Storch A, Huttner WB, Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Isolation of neural crest derived chromaffin progenitors from adult adrenal medulla. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2602-13. [PMID: 19609938 DOI: 10.1002/stem.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are neural crest-derived cells of the sympathoadrenal lineage. Unlike the closely-related sympathetic neurons, a subpopulation of proliferation-competent cells exists even in the adult. Here, we describe the isolation, expansion, and in vitro characterization of proliferation-competent progenitor cells from the bovine adrenal medulla. Similar to neurospheres, these cells, when prevented from adherence to the culture dish, grew in spheres, which we named chromospheres. These chromospheres were devoid of mRNA specific for smooth muscle cells (MYH11) or endothelial cells (PECAM1). During sphere formation, markers for differentiated chromaffin cells, such as phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase, were downregulated while neural progenitor markers nestin, vimentin, musashi 1, and nerve growth factor receptor, as well as markers of neural crest progenitor cells such as Sox1 and Sox9, were upregulated. Clonal analysis and bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-incorporation analysis demonstrated the self-renewing capacity of chromosphere cells. Differentiation protocols using NGF and BMP4 or dexamethasone induced neuronal or endocrine differentiation, respectively. Electrophysiological analyses of neural cells derived from chromospheres revealed functional properties of mature nerve cells, such as tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels and action potentials. Our study provides evidence that proliferation and differentiation competent chromaffin progenitor cells can be isolated from adult adrenal medulla and that these cells might harbor the potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Fang Chung
- Carl Gustav Carus University Medical School, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of chronic pain remains a challenge in spite of numerous drugs that are either approved or still in development. Apart from inadequate relief, there are concerns about adverse effects and addiction. Cell therapy is being explored for relief of pain. OBJECTIVE To address the rationale for cell therapy for treatment of pain and its advantages over conventional pharmaceuticals. The prospects of translation of these techniques from experimental animals to clinical use are discussed. METHODS This review is based on the literature on cell therapy in relation to pain and is confined to experimental work as there are no approved therapies in this category. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS A number of promising cell therapy technologies have been identified. These provide targeted approaches to delivery of antinociceptive molecules, avoiding subjecting the patient to systemic toxicity of drugs. There has been considerable progress in treating degenerative joint diseases causing pain. Management of neuropathic pain is a challenge and a number of ongoing studies are addressing it. Overall the future of cell therapy for pain is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Jain
- Jain PharmaBiotech, Blaesiring 7, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland.
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