1
|
Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Inhibits Cell Migration of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549) by Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3, α5β1, and VEGF. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma lung cancer is a type of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of lung cancer incidence globally. The therapies that are being applied, both conventional therapies and antibody-based treatments, are still found to have side effects. Several previous studies have demonstrated the ability of the ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (EEOS) as an ethnomedicine with anti-tumor properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract in inhibiting the proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration of A549 cells (NSCLC). The adhesion as well as the migration assay was performed. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expression of αvβ3 integrins, α5β1 integrins, and VEGF. The cells were divided into the following treatment groups: control (non-treated/NT), positive control (AP3/inhibitor β3 80 µg/mL), cisplatin (9 µg/mL), and EEOS at concentrations of 50, 70, 100, and 200 µg/mL. The results showed that EEOS inhibits the adhesion ability and migration of A549 cells, with an optimal concentration of 200 µg/mL. ELISA testing showed that the group of A549 cells given EEOS 200 µg/mL presented a decrease in the optimal expression of integrin α5β1, integrin αvβ3, and VEGF.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sulaiman MK, Lakshmanan J. Systemic and Anticancer Potential of Adaptogenic Constituents Isolated from Traditional Herbs - A Mini-Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2811-2821. [PMID: 35400325 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220408091610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens were initially recognized as stress-resistance inducing compounds. Recent studies reveal that adaptogens are pleiotropically-acting chemical constituents that can be isolated from traditional herbs. They are gaining increasing attention in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the physiological action of adaptogens isolated from the 9 most widely used traditional herbs implicated in cancer therapy viz., Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Rhodiola rosea, Emblica officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Bacopa monnieri, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum sanctum, and Panax notoginseng. The studies were identified through a systematic search of major computerized databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Inflibnet, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Individual names of each herb and biological action were the search terms employed. In this review, we have enlisted the chemical constituents and their mechanism of action in a few organ systems as well as in cancer cells. Studies indicate that the adaptogens isolated from these herbs can be broadly arranged into 2 classes based on their chemical structure. These molecules exert a positive influence on several organ systems such as respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, immune, and gastrointestinal tract. It is also clear that adaptogens act as effective chemopreventive agents alone or in combination with chemo drugs in multiple cancers by targeting multiple intracellular target proteins. Therefore, we conclude that adaptogens are versatile ligands capable of eliciting many systemic effects. Their biological functions are complex, varied, and context-dependent in various cancers. This offers great scope for personalized treatment and cancer chemoprevention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaganathan Lakshmanan
- Dr. Hiram C. Polk, Jr., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, 511, S FLoyd St, MDR Building, RM#317, Louisville, KY 40202. USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Li N, Wang TM, Di L. Natural Products with Activity against Lung Cancer: A Review Focusing on the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910827. [PMID: 34639167 PMCID: PMC8509218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Despite the undeniable progress in lung cancer research made over the past decade, it is still the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and continues to challenge scientists and researchers engaged in searching for therapeutics and drugs. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as one of the major hallmarks of epithelial cancers, including the majority of lung cancers, and is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Targeting of the TME has received increasing attention in recent years. Natural products have historically made substantial contributions to pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer. In this review, we emphasize the role of the TME and summarize the experimental proof demonstrating the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products that target the TME. We also review the effects of natural products used in combination with anticancer agents. Moreover, we highlight nanotechnology and other materials used to enhance the effects of natural products. Overall, our hope is that this review of these natural products will encourage more thoughts and ideas on therapeutic development to benefit lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Li
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6516-1115 (N.L.)
| | | | - Lei Di
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6516-1115 (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biswas A, Mason L, Mortuza A, Blumenthal E, Mustafa A. Stimulatory effect of Holy basil and Thai basil on mouse spleen cell proliferation. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 42:292-299. [PMID: 33373262 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1862864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Study was conducted on mouse spleen cells, cultured and incubated in-vitro with Holy basil and Thai basil, to observe their effect on proliferation. Four dilutions, namely 1:1, 1:5, 1:25, and 1:125, for both Holy basil and Thai Basil were used separately, in presence and absence of mitogen, Concanavalin A (Con A) to stimulate the T cells. Cell proliferation was monitored by 3 H- thymidine radioisotope incorporation. Spleen cells (macrophages, B and T cells) showed significantly more proliferation at 1:1 dilution than control (cells with no factor), incubated with Holy basil (in assay without Con A). Spleen T cells, however, did not show any significance in proliferation at same dilution, 1:1, with Holy basil with Con A. All other dilutions (with or without Con A), for either Holy basil or Thai basil, did not show any significant changes in proliferation when compared to control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Biswas
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindee Mason
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | - Asif Mortuza
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | - Elliott Blumenthal
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | - Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luke AM, Patnaik R, Kuriadom ST, Jaber M, Mathew S. An in vitro study of Ocimum sanctum as a chemotherapeutic agent on oral cancer cell-line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:887-890. [PMID: 33424380 PMCID: PMC7783796 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most commom cancer in the world. If remain untreated for several years, it may be fatal. Hence, it is important to prevent and treat OSCC at an early stage. In this study the effect of aqueous and dry leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum was observed on Ca9-22 cell line, which is an OSCC cell line. For this, Ca9-22 cell line was cultured and maintained. After 24 h, the cells were treated with aqueous and dry leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum plant. Viability of the cancerous cells were studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), lethal concentration25 (LC25), lethal concentration50 (LC50) and highest permissive concentration (HPC) was calculated by probit computational method. Experimentally, the MIC value was 5 mg/L, whereas the HPC was 30 mg/L of the plant extract in aqueous state. For the dry extract the MIC was 5 mg/L whereas the HPC was 35 mg/L for both MTT and NRU assays. For MTT assay LC values: 7.41 (LC25), 14.79 (LC50) and 26.91 mg/L (LC75) for aqueous extract and 12.58 (LC25), 20.89 (LC50), 29.51 mg/L (LC75) for dry extract. For NRU assay LC values were 10.23 (LC25), 14.79 (LC50) and 20.89 mg/L (LC75) aqueous extract, and 16.59 (LC25), 23.44 (LC50), 30.19 mg/L (LC75) dry extract of the plant. From the above study it was concluded that, Ocimum sanctum have anti-cancerous activity. It can further be used for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Luke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Patnaik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S T Kuriadom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Jaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Mathew
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al Jurf, Ajman, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Utispan K, Niyomtham N, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Koontongkaew S. Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Leaves Reduced Invasion and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity of Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:363-370. [PMID: 32102512 PMCID: PMC7332114 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a yearly incidence of 600,000 cases worldwide with a low survival rate. Ocimum sanctum L. or Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Holy basil; Tulsi in Hindi), is a traditional medicine herb that demonstrates numerous effects including anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-invasive effect of O. sanctum leaf extract on HNSCC cell lines. Methods: Ethanolic extract of O. sanctum leaf (EEOS) was prepared and the phenolic compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Genetically matched HNSCC cell lines derived from primary (HN30 and HN4) and metastatic sites (HN31 and HN12) from the same patient were used in this study. The EEOS cytotoxicity to the cell lines was determined using an MTT assay. The invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity of EEOS-treated cells were tested using a modified Boyden chamber assay and zymography, respectively. Results: We found that EEOS significantly inhibited the invasion and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity of HN4 and HN12 cells, but not HN30 and HN31 cells. Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and apigenin were detected in EEOS. Moreover, rosmarinic acid was found as the major phenolic compound. Conclusion: EEOS exerted its anti-invasive effect on HNSCC cells by attenuating MMP activity. The active compounds identified in EEOS might be promising as an alternative therapeutic agent for HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusumawadee Utispan
- Oral Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Medicinal Herbs for Treatment of Oral Diseases, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Nattisa Niyomtham
- Center of Excellence in Medicinal Herbs for Treatment of Oral Diseases, Thammasat University, Thailand.,Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boon-Ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittichai Koontongkaew
- Oral Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Medicinal Herbs for Treatment of Oral Diseases, Thammasat University, Thailand.,Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wihadmadyatami H, Karnati S, Hening P, Tjahjono Y, Rizal, Maharjanti F, Kusindarta DL, Triyono T, Supriatno. Ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. induces an apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02772. [PMID: 31844708 PMCID: PMC6895684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum (OS) is tropical herbal plant which is easy to find and widely used as a vegetable food in Indonesia. In last decade, lung adenocarcinoma was in top position as male cancer disease in Indonesia. Recently, emerging data showing the extracts of different species of Ocimum exhibiting the anti-tumor properties. Further studies on lung lewis carcinoma demonstrated pro-apoptosis effects after the treatment with Ocimum extracts. However, the effect of OS of Indonesian origin in human alveolar pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of ethanolic extract OS (EEOS) in A549 cell culture systems. Cell adhesion and viability assays revealed that EEOS significantly decreased the attachment into extracellular matrix of A549 cells. Morphological examination AO/EB and DAPI staining indicated that EEOS induced the cells shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and condensation of A549 cells. Further, EEOS treatment induced the apoptosis rate followed by up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 expression and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This condition also suppressed the expression of SOD2 as well as the GPx. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EEOS suppressed the viability of A549 cells, which may result from the activation of ROS promoting the apoptosis signaling via mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Taken together, EEOS might be a good therapeutic potential to further understand its properties in the treatment of lung carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maxilimilian University Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Puspa Hening
- Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60265
| | - Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fitriana Maharjanti
- Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Teguh Triyono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Supriatno
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monick S, Mohanty V, Khan M, Yerneni G, Kumar R, Cantu J, Ichi S, Xi G, Singh BR, Tomita T, Mayanil CS. A Phenotypic Switch of Differentiated Glial Cells to Dedifferentiated Cells Is Regulated by Folate Receptor α. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1441-1454. [PMID: 31381815 PMCID: PMC6899875 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that folate receptor‐α (FRα) translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor and upregulates Hes1, Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 genes responsible for pluripotency. Here, we show that acetylation and phosphorylation of FRα favor its nuclear translocation in the presence of folate and can cause a phenotypic switch from differentiated glial cells to dedifferentiated cells. shRNA‐FRα mediated knockdown of FRα was used to confirm the role of FRα in dedifferentiation. Ocimum sanctum hydrophilic fraction‐1 treatment not only blocks the folate mediated dedifferentiation of glial cells but also promotes redifferentiation of dedifferentiated glial cells, possibly by reducing the nuclear translocation of ~38 kDa FRα and subsequent interaction with chromatin assembly factor‐1. stem cells2019;37:1441–1454
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Monick
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vineet Mohanty
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariam Khan
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gowtham Yerneni
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorge Cantu
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shunsuke Ichi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guifa Xi
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bal Ram Singh
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chandra Shekhar Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Institute of Advanced Sciences, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oyenihi AB, Smith C. Are polyphenol antioxidants at the root of medicinal plant anti-cancer success? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:54-72. [PMID: 30287197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Given the severe side effects associated with most of the conventional cancer medications, as well as the expanding body of evidence indicating secondary toxicity of these drugs, individuals with cancer are increasingly turning to natural alternatives. Similarly, the pharmaceutical industry is in search of natural products to treat cancer. An understanding of the specific active components in plant products with which anti-cancer efficacy is achieved is required for this research to move forward. AIM OF THE STUDY To integrate data from cancer-relatestudies on plant-derived products or extracts, to elucidate whether these products may have similar active ingredients and/or mechanisms of action, that can explain their efficacy. This review also includes a discussion of the methodological complexities and important considerations involved in accurate isolation and characterisation of active substances from plant material. CONCLUSIONS From the literature reviewed, most plant products with consistently reported anti-cancer efficacy contains high levels of polyphenols or other potent antioxidants and their mechanisms of action correlate to that reported for isolated antioxidants in the context of cancer. This suggests that natural products may indeed become the panacea against this chronic disease - either as therapeutic medicine strategy or to serve as templates for the design of novel synthetic drugs. The recommendation is made that antioxidant activity of plant actives and especially polyphenols, should be the focus of anti-cancer drug discovery initiatives. Lastly, researchers are advised to exploit current techniques of chemical compound characterisation when investigating polyphenol-rich plants to enable the easy consolidation of research findings from different laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Oyenihi
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Immunopotentiating significance of conventionally used plant adaptogens as modulators in biochemical and molecular signalling pathways in cell mediated processes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1815-1829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
12
|
Imran M, Nadeem M, Saeed F, Imran A, Khan MR, Khan MA, Ahmed S, Rauf A. Immunomodulatory perspectives of potential biological spices with special reference to cancer and diabetes. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1259293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Burewala/Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gu L, Li X, Ran Q, Kang C, Lee C, Shen J. Antimetastatic activity of novel ruthenium (III) pyridine complexes. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2850-2860. [PMID: 27605356 PMCID: PMC5083739 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium‐based complexes have emerged as promising anticancer, especially antimetastatic agents. Among them, NAMI‐A (trans‐[Ru(III)Cl4 (DMSO)(Im)][ImH], Im = imidazole, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) was well studied. In this study, we studied the antimetastatic activities of two novel NAMI‐A derivatives containing pyridine, G26b and G94a, using cultured cells and tumor‐bearing mice. Same to NAMI‐A, these two complexes displayed little direct cytotoxicity to the cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, but they, especially G26b, significantly reduced the occurrence and development of lung metastases in mice bearing the 4T1 mammary carcinoma. In vitro, these two complexes displayed significant suppressive effect on invasion and migration of cells and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell, to the same extent of NAMI‐A. The transcription of important molecules involved in metastasis, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP‐2 and ‐9), and vascular endothelial growth factor, was suppressed by the two complexes, as well as NAMI‐A. Plasma atomic emission spectrometer showed G26b had a longer Ru‐elimination time in lung, which may be a reason for better antimetastatic effect of G26b than NAMI‐A. Our results have demonstrated that G26b is a more effective antimetastatic agent than NAMI‐A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chen Kang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Canghai Lee
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jianying Shen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anti-inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity of the Ocimum basilicum essential oil and its main compound estragole: In vivo mouse models. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 257:14-25. [PMID: 27474066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ocimum are used in cooking, however, their essential oils are utilized in traditional medicine as aromatherapy. The present study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition and systemic anti-inflammatory activity of the Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EOOB) and its major component estragole, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. The Ocimum basilicum essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory action was verified using acute and chronic in vivo tests as paw edema, peritonitis, and vascular permeability and granulomatous inflammation model. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of action was analyzed by the participation of histamine and arachidonic acid pathways. The chemical profile analysis identified fourteen components present in the essential oil, within them: estragole (60.96%). The in vivo test results show that treatment with EOOB (100 and 50 mg/kg) and estragole (60 and 30 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran. The smallest doses of EOOB (50 mg/kg) and estragole (30 mg/kg) showed efficacy in the reduction of paw edema induced by histamine and arachidonic acid, vascular permeability inhibition and leukocyte emigration in the peritoneal fluid. Theses doses were capable of reducing the chronic inflammatory process. The results observed between the EOOB and estragole demonstrate efficacy in anti-inflammatory activity, however, the essential oil is more efficacious in the acute and chronic anti-inflammatory action. This study confirms the therapeutic potential of this plant and reinforces the validity of its use in popular medicine.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhuvaneshwari K, Gokulanathan A, Jayanthi M, Govindasamy V, Milella L, Lee S, Yang DC, Girija S. Can Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. in vitro culture be a potential source of secondary metabolites? Food Chem 2015; 194:55-60. [PMID: 26471526 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study Ocimum basilicum L. (OB) and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (OT) in vitro culture standardisation for increasing eugenol distribution, in comparison to their respective field grown parts was carried out. Eugenol was quantified using an optimised HPLC method and its relation with the total phenolic content (TPC) was measured. In vitro grown leaves and somatic embryos, of both OB and OT were found to contain similar quantities of eugenol (85μg/g approximately), higher than OB and OT field-grown leaves (30.2μg/g and 25.1μg/g respectively). It was also determined that in vitro grown leaves were richer in TPC than the field-grown intact organs. Results demonstrated the prominence of in vitro cultures for eugenol extraction. This study underlines that important food flavouring metabolites (e.g. vanillin, vanillic acids) might be produced, via the eugenol pathway, in Ocimum species that may be a good potential source of eugenol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Bhuvaneshwari
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India
| | - Ananda Gokulanathan
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India; Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Malayandi Jayanthi
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India
| | - Vaithiyanathan Govindasamy
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shanmugam Girija
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwak TK, Sohn EJ, Kim S, Won G, Choi JU, Jeong K, Jeong M, Kwon OS, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum on osteopontin mediated metastasis of NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:419. [PMID: 25345853 PMCID: PMC4219006 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN) is one of important molecular targets in cancer progression, metastasis as a calcium-binding, extracellular-matrix-associated protein of the small integrin-binding ligand and, N-linked glycoprotein. In the present study, anti-metastatic mechanism of ethanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum (EEOS) was elucidated on OPN enhanced metastasis in NCI-H460 non- small cell lung cancer cells. Methods Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Adhesion and invasion assays were carried out to see that EEOS inhibited cell adhesion and invasion in OPN treated and non-treated NCI-H 460 cells. RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of uPA, uPAR, and EGFR. Results EEOS significantly inhibited cell adhesion and invasion in OPN treated and non treated NCI-H460 cells, though EEOS did not show any toxicity up to 200 μg/ml. EEOS effectively attenuated the expression of OPN and CD44 and also OPN activated the expression of CD44 in NCI-H460 cells. In addition, EEOS effectively suppressed the expression of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the phosphorylation of Akt at protein level in OPN treated NCI-H460 cells. Also, EEOS significantly attenuated the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at mRNA level and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and MMP-9 activity in OPN treated NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 enhanced anti-metastatic potential of EEOS to attenuate the expression of uPA and MMP-9 in OPN treated NCI-H 460 cells. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that anti-metastatic mechanism of EEOS is mediated by inhibition of PI3K/Akt in OPN treated NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Isoflavone and its metabolite equol inhibit the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours in ovariectomised rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
19
|
Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi): an ethnomedicinal plant for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 24:659-66. [PMID: 23629478 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328361aca1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum Linn., commonly known as 'Tulsi' or 'Holy Basil', is considered to be the most sacred herb of India. Several anatomical parts of O. sanctum are known to have an impressive number of therapeutic properties and accordingly find use in several traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Scientific investigations have shown that O. sanctum has a plethora of biological and pharmacological activities. The presence of an impressive number of phytoconstituents in O. sanctum could explain its exceptional beneficial effects. Although several recent articles provide an overview of the various pharmacological properties of O. sanctum, the use of this herb for either prevention or therapy of oncologic diseases has not been exclusively and critically discussed in the literature. The present review critically and comprehensively examines the current knowledge on the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of O. sanctum. The review also examines, in detail, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the antineoplastic effects of O. sanctum. Finally, we discuss the role of synergy, current limitations, and future directions of research toward the effective use of this ethnomedicinal plant for the prevention and treatment of human cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ha B, Ko H, Kim B, Sohn EJ, Jung JH, Kim JS, Yoon JJ, Won G, Kim JH, Jung DB, Yun M, Shim B, Kim SH. Regulation of crosstalk between epithelial to mesenchymal transition molecules and MMP-9 mediates the antimetastatic activity of anethole in DU145 prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:63-69. [PMID: 24328151 DOI: 10.1021/np4006376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The underlying antimetastatic mechanism of anethole (1) still remains unclear in association with the molecules of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, the role of the EMT molecules was elucidated in terms of the antimetastatic activity of 1 using DU145 cells. Anethole significantly inhibited the adhesion of DU145 cells to vitronectin-coated plates, as well as migration in a wound-healing assay and invasion using a Boyden chamber. Also, anethole suppressed the expression of MMP-9 in DU145 cells by zymography, ELISA, and RT-PCR. Consistently, the silencing of MMP-9 enhanced the activity of 1 to upregulate the expression of E-cadherin and to attenuate the expression of Vimentin in DU145 cells. Compound 1 enhanced E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker and attenuated the expression of Vimentin, Twist, and Snail as mesenchymal molecules at the mRNA level. Consistently, anethole upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of Vimentin, Twist and PI3K, and AKT at the protein level in DU145 cells. Conversely, the antimetastatic effects of 1 to inhibit invasion and the expression of MMP-9 and upregulate E-cadherin were reversed by the EMT inducer TGF-β in DU145 cells. Overall, the present findings suggest that anethole exerts antimetastatic activity via regulation of crosstalk between EMT molecules and MMP-9 on the basis of the in vitro data obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ByungChul Ha
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 131-701, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim A, Im M, Yim NH, Jung YP, Ma JY. Aqueous extract of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam inhibits PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and pulmonary metastasis: suppression of NF-κB activation through ROS signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78061. [PMID: 24205091 PMCID: PMC3810142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo shavings (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, BCT) are widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine to control hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and to alleviate fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. It has been demonstrated that BCT reduces ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreases tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. However, the effects of BCT on the metastatic potential of malignant cancer cells and the detailed mechanism of its anti-metastatic activity have not been examined previously. In this study, we investigated whether an aqueous extract of BCT (AE-BCT) reduces the metastatic potential of HT1080 cells, and elucidated the underlying anti-metastatic mechanism. In addition, we examined whether AE-BCT administration inhibits pulmonary metastasis of intravenously injected B16F10 cells in C57BL/6J mice. AE-BCT (50–250 µg/ml) dose-dependently suppressed colony-forming activity under anchorage-dependent and -independent growth conditions. Pretreatment with AE-BCT efficiently inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. AE-BCT also dramatically suppressed PMA-induced MMP-9 activity and expression by blocking NF-κB activation and ERK phosphorylation. Production of intracellular ROS, a key regulator of NF-κB-induced MMP-9 activity, was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with AE-BCT. Furthermore, daily oral administration of AE-BCT at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg efficiently inhibited lung metastasis of B16F10 cells injected into the tail veins of C57BL/6J mice with no systemic toxicity. These results demonstrate that AE-BCT significantly reduced the metastatic activity of highly malignant cancer cells by suppressing MMP-9 activity via inhibition of ROS-mediated NF-κB activation. These results indicate that AE-BCT may be a safe natural product for treatment of metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aeyung Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Im
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hui Yim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Pil Jung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma D, Zhang Y, Yang T, Xue Y, Wang P. Isoflavone intake inhibits the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in normal and ovariectomized rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 54:31-8. [PMID: 24426188 PMCID: PMC3882481 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the associations between isoflavone (49.72% genistin, 5.32% daidzin, 34.54% glycitin) and breast cancer risk, 150 rats were given 5 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and half of them were ovariectomized. Then normal rats and ovariectomized rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, isoflavone high (HI), middle (MI), or low (LI) dose group consuming 100, 500, or 1000 mg isoflavones/kg diet, estrogen group (2.5 mg stilboestrol/kg diet). After 24 weeks, tumor incidences were 73% in control group, 7% in HI, 7% in MI, 27% in LI, and 80% in estrogen group for normal rats; 60% in control group, 13% in HI, 7% in MI, 13% in LI, and 73% in estrogen group for ovariectomized rats. Isoflavone treatment decreased tumor incidence and mean tumor number per rat and increased mean latent period compared with those in control group and estrogen group group significantly (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of estrogen receptor β were significantly higher in isoflavone treatment groups than those in control group group. Moreover, isoflavone treatment significantly decreased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine content and increased superoxide dismutase level in normal rats and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations in ovariectomized rats compared with control group. In conclusions, isoflavone intake significantly inhibited the development of premenopausal and postmenopausal mammary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defu Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Titi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
KIM AEYUNG, YIM NAMHUI, IM MINJU, JUNG YOUNGPIL, KIM TAESOO, MA JINYEUL. Suppression of the invasive potential of highly malignant tumor cells by KIOM-C, a novel herbal medicine, via inhibition of NF-κB activation and MMP-9 expression. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:287-97. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
24
|
Shimizu T, Torres MP, Chakraborty S, Souchek JJ, Rachagani S, Kaur S, Macha M, Ganti AK, Hauke RJ, Batra SK. Holy Basil leaf extract decreases tumorigenicity and metastasis of aggressive human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: potential role in therapy. Cancer Lett 2013; 336:270-80. [PMID: 23523869 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop alternative therapies against lethal pancreatic cancer (PC). Ocimum sanctum ("Holy Basil") has been used for thousands of years in traditional Indian medicine, but its anti-tumorigenic effect remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that extracts of O. sanctum leaves inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis of PC cells in vitro. The expression of genes that promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells including activated ERK-1/2, FAK, and p65 (subunit of NF-κB), was downregulated in PC cells after O. sanctum treatment. Intraperitoneal injections of the aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of orthotopically transplanted PC cells in vivo (p<0.05). Genes that inhibit metastasis (E-cadherin) and induce apoptosis (BAD) were significantly upregulated in tumors isolated from mice treated with O. sanctum extracts, while genes that promote survival (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and chemo/radiation resistance (AURKA, Chk1 and Survivin) were downregulated. Overall, our study suggests that leaves of O. sanctum could be a potential source of novel anticancer compounds in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nangia-Makker P, Raz T, Tait L, Shekhar MPV, Li H, Balan V, Makker H, Fridman R, Maddipati K, Raz A. Ocimum gratissimum retards breast cancer growth and progression and is a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:417-27. [PMID: 23380593 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocimum genus (a.k.a holy basil or tulsi) is a dietary herb used for its multiple beneficial pharmacologic properties including anti-cancer activity. Here we show that crude extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and its hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions (HB and HL) differentially inhibit breast cancer cell chemotaxis and chemoinvasion in vitro and retard tumor growth and temporal progression of MCF10ADCIS.com xenografts, a model of human breast comedo-ductal carcinoma in situ (comedo-DCIS). OG-induced inhibition of tumor growth was associated with decreases in basement membrane disintegration, angiogenesis and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as confirmed by in situ gelatin zymography and cleavage of galectin-3. There was also decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the conditioned media of OG-treated MCF10AT1 and MCF10AT1-EIII8 premalignant human breast cancer cells as compared with control. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitory activities of OG were verified in vitro using gelatin, a synthetic fluorogenic peptide and recombinant galectin-3 as MMP substrates. Mice fed on OG-supplemented drinking water showed no adverse effects compared with control. These data suggest that OG is non-toxic and that the anti-cancer therapeutic activity of OG may in part be contributed by its MMP inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baliga MS, Jimmy R, Thilakchand KR, Sunitha V, Bhat NR, Saldanha E, Rao S, Rao P, Arora R, Palatty PL. Ocimum sanctum L (Holy Basil or Tulsi) and its phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65 Suppl 1:26-35. [PMID: 23682780 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.785010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum L. or Ocimum tenuiflorum L, commonly known as the Holy Basil in English or Tulsi in the various Indian languages, is a important medicinal plant in the various traditional and folk systems of medicine in Southeast Asia. Scientific studies have shown it to possess antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antistress, and immunomodulatory activities. Preclinical studies have also shown that Tulsi and some of its phytochemicals eugenol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, myretenal, luteolin, β-sitosterol, and carnosic acid prevented chemical-induced skin, liver, oral, and lung cancers and to mediate these effects by increasing the antioxidant activity, altering the gene expressions, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. The aqueous extract of Tulsi and its flavanoids, orintin, and vicenin are shown to protect mice against γ-radiation-induced sickness and mortality and to selectively protect the normal tissues against the tumoricidal effects of radiation. The other important phytochemicals like eugenol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and carnosic acid are also shown to prevent radiation-induced DNA damage. This review summarizes the results related to the chemopreventive and radioprotective properties of Tulsi and also emphasizes aspects that warrant future research to establish its activity and utility in cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Shivananjappa M, Joshi M. Aqueous Extract ofTulsi(Ocimum sanctum) Enhances Endogenous Antioxidant Defenses of Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2012.712939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
28
|
Zheng W, Zhang Y, Ma D, Shi Y, Liu C, Wang P. (±)Equol inhibits invasion in prostate cancer DU145 cells possibly via down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator by antioxidant activity. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 51:61-7. [PMID: 22798715 PMCID: PMC3391865 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to soy isoflavones has been associated with low mortality of prostate cancer. In this study, we examined the effects of (±)equol and two representative isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, on migration and invasion in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. First of all, the three regents did not show significant growth inhibitive effect in DU145 cells until the treatments last for 72 h. Treatment with 5 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM (±)equol, 0.5 µM, 1 µM, 5 µM daidzein and genistein for 24 h decreased cell migration and invasion significantly. (±)equol activated phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten at protein level but not mRNA level, which activated antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2. A reduction of malondialdehyde concentration, the product of lipid per-oxidation, was observed as well. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, the crucial members in metastasis, were down-regulated. Overall, our data indicate that (±)equol, daidzein and genistein may have significant anti-invasion effect in DU145 cells (in vitro). The effects induced by (±)equol may relate to its anti-oxidant effect mediated by phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jeong SJ, Koh W, Kim B, Kim SH. Are there new therapeutic options for treating lung cancer based on herbal medicines and their metabolites? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:652-661. [PMID: 22032843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHONOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in terms of mortality and incidence worldwide. Despite intensive research and investigation, treatment of lung cancer is still unsatisfactory due to adverse effects and multidrug resistance. Recently, herbal drugs have been recognized as one of attractive approaches for lung cancer therapy with little side effects. Furthermore, there are evidences that various herbal medicines have proven to be useful and effective in sensitizing conventional agents, prolonging survival time, preventing side effects of chemotherapy, and improving quality of life (QoL) in lung cancer patients. AIM AND METHODS OF THE STUDY Nevertheless, the underlying molecular targets and efficacy of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment still remain unclear. Thus, we reviewed traditionally used herbal medicines and their phytochemicals with antitumor activity against lung cancer from peer-reviewed papers through Scientific Database Medline, Scopus and Google scholar. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that herbal medicines and phytochemicals can be useful anti-cancer agents for lung cancer treatment by targeting molecular signaling involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, metastasis and severe side effects, only provided quality control and reproducibility issues were solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Jeong
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee SH, Jaganath IB, Wang SM, Sekaran SD. Antimetastatic effects of Phyllanthus on human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20994. [PMID: 21698198 PMCID: PMC3116853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells mainly by inducing apoptosis. However, they become ineffective once cancer cell has the ability to metastasize, hence the poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of Phyllanthus (P. niruri, P. urinaria, P. watsonii, and P. amarus) on lung and breast carcinoma cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Cytotoxicity of Phyllanthus plant extracts were first screened using the MTS reduction assay. They were shown to inhibit MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma) cells growth with IC50 values ranging from 50–180 µg/ml and 65–470 µg/ml for methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. In comparison, they have lower toxicity on normal cells with the cell viability percentage remaining above 50% when treated up to 1000 µg/ml for both extracts. After determining the non-toxic effective dose, several antimetastasis assays were carried out and Phyllanthus extracts were shown to effectively reduce invasion, migration, and adhesion of both MCF-7 and A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, at concentrations ranging from 20–200 µg/ml for methanolic extracts and 50–500 µg/ml for aqueous extracts. This was followed by an evaluation of the possible modes of cell death that occurred along with the antimetastatic activity. Phyllanthus was shown to be capable of inducing apoptosis in conjunction with its antimetastastic action, with more than three fold increase of caspases-3 and -7, the presence of DNA-fragmentation and TUNEL-positive cells. The ability of Phyllanthus to exert antimetastatic activities is mostly associated to the presence of polyphenol compounds in its extracts. Conclusions/Significance The presence of polyphenol compounds in the Phyllanthus plant is critically important in the inhibition of the invasion, migration, and adhesion of cancer cells, along with the involvement of apoptosis induction. Hence, Phyllanthus could be a valuable candidate in the treatment of metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sau Har Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Isolation and characterization of anti-diabetic component (bioactivity-guided fractionation) from Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) aerial part. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:278-82. [PMID: 21771470 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate and characterize antidiabetic component (bioactivity-guided fractionation) from hydro alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) aerial part. METHODS Ten fractions (F1-F10) were isolated from hydro alcoholic extract of O. sanctum aerial part by column chromatography. All the fractions F1 to F10 were screened for antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats by estimating serum glucose level and lipid parameters. The isolated bioactive component was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR) data analysis. RESULTS The bioactive fraction (F5) was found to be potent antidiabetic by ameliorating glucose and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol). The extensive spectroscopic data analysis reveals that, the isolated bioactive compound elucidated as tetracyclic triterpenoid [16-hydroxy-4,4,10,13-tetramethyl-17-(4-methyl-pentyl)-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one]. CONCLUSIONS Our present study concluded that, tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from aerial part of O. sanctum has a great anti-diabetic potential.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shao HY, Miao ZY, Hui-Chen, Qin FX, Chen XC, Tan S, Zhang HJ, Wang L, Gao YJ, Yang ZL, Zhang L. Nucleophosmin gene mutations promote NIH3T3 cell migration and invasion through CXCR4 and MMPs. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 90:38-44. [PMID: 21122805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) plays key roles in ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, and maintenance of genomic integrity. NPM1 mutations have been recently identified as the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia and are related to leukemogenesis. NPM1 mutations are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. However, the oncogenic potential of NPM1 mutations is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the change of cell migration and invasion in vitro and the role of NPM1 mutations in this process. In our study, NIH3T3 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding NPM1 mutation A (NPM1 mA), and the cell chemotactic response in vitro was evaluated by cell migration and invasion assays. In addition, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and CXCR4 were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Our findings suggested that the migration and invasion of NIH3T3 cells were significantly enhanced after transfection with NPM1 mA (p<0.01). Furthermore, there was greater expression of MMP-9 and CXCR4 (p<0.01), but a lower expression of MMP-2 in the NPM1 mA group. These results demonstrate that NPM1 mutations may promote cell migration and invasion in vitro, and MMP-9 and CXCR4 may be involved in the regulation of cell invasion. Thus, this study sheds new light on the effect of NPM1 mutations on leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|