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Velitchkova M, Popova AV, Faik A, Gerganova M, Ivanov AG. Low temperature and high light dependent dynamic photoprotective strategies in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:93-108. [PMID: 32315446 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has been recognized as a chilling tolerant species based on analysis of resistance to low temperature stress, however, the mechanisms involved in this tolerance are not yet clarified. The low temperature-induced effects are exacerbated when plants are exposed to low temperatures in the presence of high light irradiance but the experimental data on the impact of light intensity during cold stress and its influence during recovery from stress are rather limited. The main objective of this study was to re-examine the photosynthetic responses of A. thaliana plants to short term (6 days) low temperature stress (12/10°C) under optimal (150 μmol m-2 s-1 ) and high light (500 μmol m-2 s-1 ) intensity and the subsequent recovery from the stress. Simultaneous measurements of the in vivo and in vitro functional performance of both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), as well as, net photosynthesis, low temperature (77 K) chlorophyll fluorescence and immunoblot analysis of the relative abundance of PSII and PSI reaction center proteins were used to evaluate the role of light in the development of possible protective mechanisms during low temperature stress and the consequent recovery from exposure to low temperature and different light intensities. The results presented clearly suggest that Arabidopsis plants can employ a number of highly dynamic photoprotective strategies depending on the light intensity. These strategies include one based on LHCII quenching and two other quenching mechanisms localized within the PSII and PSI reaction centers, which are all expressed to different extent depending on the severity of the photoinhibitory treatments under low temperature stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Velitchkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antoaneta V Popova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aygyun Faik
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Gerganova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Str. N, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Mattila H, Mishra KB, Kuusisto I, Mishra A, Novotná K, Šebela D, Tyystjärvi E. Effects of low temperature on photoinhibition and singlet oxygen production in four natural accessions of Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2020; 252:19. [PMID: 32671474 PMCID: PMC7363673 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature decreases PSII damage in vivo, confirming earlier in vitro results. Susceptibility to photoinhibition differs among Arabidopsis accessions and moderately decreases after 2-week cold-treatment. Flavonols may alleviate photoinhibition. The rate of light-induced inactivation of photosystem II (PSII) at 22 and 4 °C was measured from natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (Rschew, Tenela, Columbia-0, Coimbra) grown under optimal conditions (21 °C), and at 4 °C from plants shifted to 4 °C for 2 weeks. Measurements were done in the absence and presence of lincomycin (to block repair). PSII activity was assayed with the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm and with light-saturated rate of oxygen evolution using a quinone acceptor. When grown at 21 °C, Rschew was the most tolerant to photoinhibition and Coimbra the least. Damage to PSII, judged from fitting the decrease in oxygen evolution or Fv/Fm to a first-order equation, proceeded more slowly or equally at 4 than at 22 °C. The 2-week cold-treatment decreased photoinhibition at 4 °C consistently in Columbia-0 and Coimbra, whereas in Rschew and Tenela the results depended on the method used to assay photoinhibition. The rate of singlet oxygen production by isolated thylakoid membranes, measured with histidine, stayed the same or slightly decreased with decreasing temperature. On the other hand, measurements of singlet oxygen from leaves with Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green suggest that in vivo more singlet oxygen is produced at 4 °C. Under high light, the PSII electron acceptor QA was more reduced at 4 than at 22 °C. Singlet oxygen production, in vitro or in vivo, did not decrease due to the cold-treatment. Epidermal flavonols increased during the cold-treatment and, in Columbia-0 and Coimbra, the amount correlated with photoinhibition tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kumud B Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Iiris Kuusisto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Novotná
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Šebela
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Elkhouni A, Rabhi M, Ivanov AG, Krol M, Zorrig W, Smaoui A, Abdelly C, Huner NPA. Structural and functional integrity of Sulla carnosa photosynthetic apparatus under iron deficiency conditions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:415-425. [PMID: 29274120 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of calcareous soils makes bicarbonate-induced iron (Fe) deficiency a major problem for plant growth and crop yield. Therefore, Fe-efficient plants may constitute a solution for use on calcareous soils. We investigated the ability of the forage legume Sulla carnosa (Desf.) to maintain integrity of its photosynthetic apparatus under Fe deficiency conditions. Three treatments were applied: control, direct Fe deficiency and bicarbonate-induced Fe deficiency. At harvest, all organs of deficient plants showed severe growth inhibition, the effect being less pronounced under indirect Fe deficiency. Pigment analysis of fully expanded leaves revealed a reduction in concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids under Fe deficiency. Electron transport rate, maximum and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (qN) as well as P700 activity also decreased significantly in plants exposed to direct Fe deficiency, while qN was not affected. The effects of indirect Fe deficiency on the same parameters were less pronounced in bicarbonate-treated plants. The relative abundances of thylakoid proteins related to PSI (PsaA, Lhca1, Lhca2) and PSII (PsbA, Lhcb1) were also more affected under direct than indirect Fe deficiency. We conclude that S. carnosa can maintain the integrity of its photosynthetic apparatus under bicarbonate-induced Fe deficiency, preventing harmful effects to both photosystems under direct Fe deficiency. This suggests a high capacity of this species not only to take up Fe in the presence of bicarbonate (HCO3- ) but also to preferentially translocate absorbed Fe towards leaves and prevent its inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elkhouni
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - M Rabhi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Krol
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - W Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - A Smaoui
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - C Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - N P A Huner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Flores-Bavestrello A, Król M, Ivanov AG, Hüner NPA, García-Plazaola JI, Corcuera LJ, Bravo LA. Two Hymenophyllaceae species from contrasting natural environments exhibit a homoiochlorophyllous strategy in response to desiccation stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 191:82-94. [PMID: 26720213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hymenophyllaceae is a desiccation tolerant family of Pteridophytes which are poikilohydric epiphytes. Their fronds are composed by a single layer of cells and lack true mesophyll cells and stomata. Although they are associated with humid and shady environments, their vertical distribution varies along the trunk of the host plant with some species inhabiting the drier sides with a higher irradiance. The aim of this work was to compare the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation and rehydration in two species, Hymenophyllum dentatum and Hymenoglossum cruentum, isolated from a contrasting vertical distribution along the trunk of their hosts. Both species were subjected to desiccation and rehydration kinetics to analyze frond phenotypic plasticity, as well as the structure, composition and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. Minimal differences in photosynthetic pigments were observed upon dehydration. Measurements of ϕPSII (effective quantum yield of PSII), ϕNPQ (quantum yield of the regulated energy dissipation of PSII), ϕNO (quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII), and TL (thermoluminescence) indicate that both species convert a functional photochemical apparatus into a structure which exhibits maximum quenching capacity in the dehydrated state with minimal changes in photosynthetic pigments and polypeptide compositions. This dehydration-induced conversion in the photosynthetic apparatus is completely reversible upon rehydration. We conclude that H. dentatum and H. cruentum are homoiochlorophyllous with respect to desiccation stress and exhibited no correlation between inherent desiccation tolerance and the vertical distribution along the host tree trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Król
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Aptdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luis J Corcuera
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | - León A Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile; Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
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Ivanov AG, Morgan-Kiss RM, Krol M, Allakhverdiev SI, Zanev Y, Sane PV, Huner NPA. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in a pea mutant with altered LHCII organization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 152:335-46. [PMID: 26321219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of leaves of the Costata 2/133 pea mutant with altered pigment composition and decreased level of oligomerization of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes (LHCII) of PSII (Dobrikova et al., 2000; Ivanov et al., 2005) did not differ from that of WT. In contrast, photosystem I (PSI) activity of the Costata 2/133 mutant measured by the far-red (FR) light inducible P700 (P700(+)) signal exhibited 39% lower steady state level of P700(+), a 2.2-fold higher intersystem electron pool size (e(-)/P700) and higher rate of P700(+) re-reduction, which indicate an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer (CET) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than WT. The mutant also exhibited a limited capacity for state transitions. The lower level of oxidizable P700 (P700(+)) is consistent with a lower amount of PSI related chlorophyll protein complexes and lower abundance of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer, PsaD and Lhca1 polypeptides in Costata 2/133 mutant. Exposure of WT and the Costata 2/133 mutant to high light stress resulted in a comparable photoinhibition of PSII measured in vivo, although the decrease of Fv/Fm was modestly higher in the mutant plants. However, under the same photoinhibitory conditions PSI photochemistry (P700(+)) measured as ΔA820-860 was inhibited to a greater extent (50%) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than in the WT (22%). This was accompanied by a 50% faster re-reduction rate of P700(+) in the dark indicating a higher capacity for CET around PSI in high light treated mutant leaves. The role of chloroplast thylakoid organization on the stability of the PSI complex and its susceptibility to high light stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - R M Morgan-Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45045, USA
| | - M Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zanev
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P V Sane
- Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - N P A Huner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Georgieva E, Petrova D, Yordanova Z, Kapchina-Toteva V, Cellarova E, Chaneva G. Influence of cryopreservation on the antioxidative activity of in vitro cultivated Hypericum species. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:863-870. [PMID: 26740777 PMCID: PMC4686917 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.946805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidative activity of two in vitro cultivated Hypericum species – H. rumeliacum Boiss. and H. tetrapterum Fr. – was estimated after cryopreservation. Both species were successfully regenerated after a cryopreservation procedure performed by the vitrification method. H. tetrapterum did not manifest any significant oxidative stress-induced changes caused by low-temperature treatment. Conversely, a decrease in green pigments' content of H. rumeliacum was measured, particularly pronounced in chlorophyll b, which was accompanied by an increase of carotenoids in the regenerated plants. A strong increase of malone dialdehyde and H2O2 levels in H. rumeliacum tissues was detected. Superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced by 170%, as well as the catalase activity, which was 220% above the control. The same trend was observed in H. tetrapterum, although less pronounced – 143% increase of superoxide dismutase and 112% of catalase. Cryopreservation did not influence the phenol content in the examined plants, but it led to an increase of flavonoid content, especially in H. tetrapterum, by 237%. Total antioxidant activity in regenerated H. tetrapterum varied around the control level, but it was increased in H. rumeliacum. The free proline content in H. tetrapterum remained almost unaffected after freezing, as opposed to H. rumeliacum, where a strong increase of proline content (208% above the control) occurred. An electrolyte leakage from the cells of H. rumeliacum regenerated after cryopreservation was also registered, albeit not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Georgieva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Detelina Petrova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Zhenya Yordanova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | - Eva Cellarova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University of Košice , Košice , Slovak Republic
| | - Ganka Chaneva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Long-term and short-term responses of the photosynthetic electron transport to fluctuating light. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:89-99. [PMID: 24776379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Light energy absorbed by chloroplasts drives photosynthesis. When absorbed light is in excess, the thermal dissipation systems of excess energy are induced and the photosynthetic electron flow is regulated, both contributing to suppression of reactive oxygen species production and photodamages. Various regulation mechanisms of the photosynthetic electron flow and energy dissipation systems have been revealed. However, most of such knowledge has been obtained by the experiments conducted under controlled conditions with constant light, whereas natural light condition is drastically fluctuated. To understand photosynthesis in nature, we need to clarify not only the mechanisms that raise photosynthetic efficiency but those for photoprotection in fluctuating light. Although these mechanisms appear to be well balanced, regulatory mechanisms achieving the balance is little understood. Recently, some pioneering studies have provided new insight into the regulatory mechanisms in fluctuating light. In this review, firstly, the possible mechanisms involved in regulation of the photosynthetic electron flow in fluctuating light are presented. Next, we introduce some recent studies focusing on the photosynthetic electron flow in fluctuating light. Finally, we discuss how plants effectively cope with fluctuating light showing our recent results.
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Collakova E, Klumas C, Suren H, Myers E, Heath LS, Holliday JA, Grene R. Evidence for extensive heterotrophic metabolism, antioxidant action, and associated regulatory events during winter hardening in Sitka spruce. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:72. [PMID: 23631437 PMCID: PMC3651351 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold acclimation in woody perennials is a metabolically intensive process, but coincides with environmental conditions that are not conducive to the generation of energy through photosynthesis. While the negative effects of low temperatures on the photosynthetic apparatus during winter have been well studied, less is known about how this is reflected at the level of gene and metabolite expression, nor how the plant generates primary metabolites needed for adaptive processes during autumn. RESULTS The MapMan tool revealed enrichment of the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function, antioxidant and associated regulatory activity, while changes in metabolite levels over the time course were consistent with the gene expression patterns observed. Genes related to thylakoid function were down-regulated as expected, with the exception of plastid targeted specific antioxidant gene products such as thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase, components of the reactive oxygen species scavenging cycle, and the plastid terminal oxidase. In contrast, the conventional and alternative mitochondrial electron transport chains, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and redox-associated proteins providing reactive oxygen species scavenging generated by electron transport chains functioning at low temperatures were all active. CONCLUSIONS A regulatory mechanism linking thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase action with "chloroplast dormancy" is proposed. Most importantly, the energy and substrates required for the substantial metabolic remodeling that is a hallmark of freezing acclimation could be provided by heterotrophic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Collakova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Curtis Klumas
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Haktan Suren
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elijah Myers
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Lenwood S Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jason A Holliday
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ruth Grene
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics and leaf protein analyses to track dynamics of photosynthetic performance in mulberry during progressive drought. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 119:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Millaleo R, Reyes-Díaz M, Alberdi M, Ivanov AG, Krol M, Hüner NPA. Excess manganese differentially inhibits photosystem I versus II in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:343-54. [PMID: 23183256 PMCID: PMC3528040 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to increasing manganese concentrations (50-1500 µM) from the start of the experiment on the functional performance of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) and photosynthetic apparatus composition of Arabidopsis thaliana were compared. In agreement with earlier studies, excess Mn caused minimal changes in the PSII photochemical efficiency measured as F(v)/F(m), although the characteristic peak temperature of the S(2/3)Q(B) (-) charge recombinations was shifted to lower temperatures at the highest Mn concentration. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses also did not exhibit any significant change in the relative abundance of PSII-associated polypeptides: PSII reaction centre protein D1, Lhcb1 (major light-harvesting protein of LHCII complex), and PsbO (OEC33, a 33 kDa protein of the oxygen-evolving complex). In addition, the abundance of Rubisco also did not change with Mn treatments. However, plants grown under excess Mn exhibited increased susceptibility to PSII photoinhibition. In contrast, in vivo measurements of the redox transients of PSI reaction centre (P700) showed a considerable gradual decrease in the extent of P700 photooxidation (P700(+)) under increased Mn concentrations compared to control. This was accompanied by a slower rate of P700(+) re-reduction indicating a downregulation of the PSI-dependent cyclic electron flow. The abundance of PSI reaction centre polypeptides (PsaA and PsaB) in plants under the highest Mn concentration was also significantly lower compared to the control. The results demonstrate for the first time that PSI is the major target of Mn toxicity within the photosynthetic apparatus of Arabidopsis plants. The possible involvement mechanisms of Mn toxicity targeting specifically PSI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Millaleo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M. Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración, Universidad de La Frontera,Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M. Alberdi
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Administración, Universidad de La Frontera,Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - A. G. Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - M. Krol
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - N. P. A. Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Ivanov AG, Rosso D, Savitch LV, Stachula P, Rosembert M, Oquist G, Hurry V, Hüner NPA. Implications of alternative electron sinks in increased resistance of PSII and PSI photochemistry to high light stress in cold-acclimated Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:191-206. [PMID: 22843101 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of control (non-hardened) Arabidopsis leaves to high light stress at 5 °C resulted in a decrease of both photosystem II (PSII) (45 %) and Photosystem I (PSI) (35 %) photochemical efficiencies compared to non-treated plants. In contrast, cold-acclimated (CA) leaves exhibited only 35 and 22 % decrease of PSII and PSI photochemistry, respectively, under the same conditions. This was accompanied by an accelerated rate of P700(+) re-reduction, indicating an up-regulation of PSI-dependent cyclic electron transport (CET). Interestingly, the expression of the NDH-H gene and the relative abundance of the Ndh-H polypeptide, representing the NDH-complex, decreased as a result of exposure to low temperatures. This indicates that the NDH-dependent CET pathway cannot be involved and the overall stimulation of CET in CA plants is due to up-regulation of the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase, antimycin A-sensitive CET pathway. The lower abundance of NDH complex also implies lower activity of the chlororespiratory pathway in CA plants, although the expression level and overall abundance of the other well-characterized component involved in chlororespiration, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), was up-regulated at low temperatures. This suggests increased PTOX-mediated alternative electron flow to oxygen in plants exposed to low temperatures. Indeed, the estimated proportion of O(2)-dependent linear electron transport not utilized in carbon assimilation and not directed to photorespiration was twofold higher in CA Arabidopsis. The possible involvement of alternative electron transport pathways in inducing greater resistance of both PSII and PSI to high light stress in CA plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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12
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Theocharis A, Clément C, Barka EA. Physiological and molecular changes in plants grown at low temperatures. PLANTA 2012; 235:1091-105. [PMID: 22526498 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apart from water availability, low temperature is the most important environmental factor limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of plants across the world. To cope with cold stress, plant species have evolved several physiological and molecular adaptations to maximize cold tolerance by adjusting their metabolism. The regulation of some gene products represents an additional mechanism of cold tolerance. A consequence of these mechanisms is that plants are able to survive exposure to low temperature via a process known as cold acclimation. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in research and hypotheses on how sensitive plants perceive cold. We also explore how this perception is translated into changes within plants following exposure to low temperatures. Particular emphasis is placed on physiological parameters as well as transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of cold-induced gene products that occur after exposure to low temperatures, leading to cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Theocharis
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défense et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC, UPRES EA 2069, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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13
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Savitch LV, Ivanov AG, Gudynaite-Savitch L, Huner NPA, Simmonds J. Cold Stress Effects on PSI Photochemistry in Zea mays: Differential Increase of FQR-Dependent Cyclic Electron Flow and Functional Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 52:1042-54. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Ohad I, Raanan H, Keren N, Tchernov D, Kaplan A. Light-induced changes within photosystem II protects Microcoleus sp. in biological desert sand crusts against excess light. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11000. [PMID: 20544016 PMCID: PMC2882322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus, a major primary producer in desert biological sand crusts, is exposed to frequent hydration (by early morning dew) followed by desiccation during potentially damaging excess light conditions. Nevertheless, its photosynthetic machinery is hardly affected by high light, unlike “model” organisms whereby light-induced oxidative stress leads to photoinactivation of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII). Field experiments showed a dramatic decline in the fluorescence yield with rising light intensity in both drying and artificially maintained wet plots. Laboratory experiments showed that, contrary to “model” organisms, photosynthesis persists in Microcoleus sp. even at light intensities 2–3 times higher than required to saturate oxygen evolution. This is despite an extensive loss (85–90%) of variable fluorescence and thermoluminescence, representing radiative PSII charge recombination that promotes the generation of damaging singlet oxygen. Light induced loss of variable fluorescence is not inhibited by the electron transfer inhibitors 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzoquinone (DBMIB), nor the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), thus indicating that reduction of plastoquinone or O2, or lumen acidification essential for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) are not involved. The rate of QA− re-oxidation in the presence of DCMU is enhanced with time and intensity of illumination. The difference in temperatures required for maximal thermoluminescence emissions from S2/QA− (Q band, 22°C) and S2,3/QB− (B band, 25°C) charge recombinations is considerably smaller in Microcoleus as compared to “model” photosynthetic organisms, thus indicating a significant alteration of the S2/QA− redox potential. We propose that enhancement of non-radiative charge recombination with rising light intensity may reduce harmful radiative recombination events thereby lowering 1O2 generation and oxidative photodamage under excess illumination. This effective photo-protective mechanism was apparently lost during the evolution from the ancestor cyanobacteria to the higher plant chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Ohad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Irael
| | - Hagai Raanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zulfugarov IS, Tovuu A, Dogsom B, Lee CY, Lee CH. PsbS-specific zeaxanthin-independent changes in fluorescence emission spectrum as a signature of energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching in higher plants. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:697-703. [PMID: 20442929 DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The PsbS protein of photosystem II is necessary for the development of energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (qE), and PsbS-deficient Arabidopsis plant leaves failed to show qE-specific changes in the steady-state 77 K fluorescence emission spectra observed in wild-type leaves. The difference spectrum between the quenched and un-quenched states showed a negative peak at 682 nm. Although the level of qE development in the zeaxanthin-less npq1-2 mutant plants, which lacked violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme, was only half that of wild type, there were no noticeable changes in this qE-dependent difference spectrum. This zeaxanthin-independent DeltaF682 signal was not dependent on state transition, and the signal was not due to photobleaching of pigments either. These results suggest that DeltaF682 signal is formed due to PsbS-specific conformational changes in the quenching site of qE and is a new signature of qE generation in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismayil S Zulfugarov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea.
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16
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Krol M, Ivanov AG, Booij-James I, Mattoo AK, Sane PV, Hüner NP. Absence of the major light-harvesting antenna proteins alters the redox properties of photosystem II reaction centres in thechlorina F2mutant of barley. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:557-66. [DOI: 10.1139/o09-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the chlorina F2 mutant of barley specifically exhibits reduced levels of the major light-harvesting polypeptides associated with photosystem II (PSII), thermoluminescence measurements of photosystem reaction centre photochemistry revealed that S2/S3QB–charge recombinations were shifted to lower temperatures, while the characteristic peak of S2QA–charge recombinations was shifted to higher temperatures compared with wild-type (WT) barley. Thus, we show that the absence of the major light-harvesting polypeptides affects the redox properties of PSII reaction centres. Radiolabeling studies in vivo and in vitro with [32P]orthophosphate or [γ-32P]ATP, respectively, demonstrated that the D1 PSII reaction centre polypeptide is phosphorylated in both the WT and the F2 mutant. In contrast with the radiolabeling results, phosphorylation of D1 and other PSII proteins, although detected in WT barley, was ambiguous in the F2 mutant when the phosphothreonine antibody method of detection was used. Thus, caution must be exercised in the use of commercially available phosphothreonine antibodies to estimate thylakoid polypeptide phosphorylation. Furthermore, in membrano, the D1 polypeptide of the F2 mutant was less susceptible to trypsin treatment than that of WT barley. The role of the light-harvesting complex in modulating the structure and function of the D1 polypeptide of PSII reaction centers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Isabelle Booij-James
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - P. V. Sane
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Norman P.A. Hüner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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17
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Wetzel CM, Harmacek LD, Yuan LH, Wopereis JLM, Chubb R, Turini P. Loss of chloroplast protease SPPA function alters high light acclimation processes in Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:1715-27. [PMID: 19349419 PMCID: PMC2671626 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SPPA1 is a protease in the plastids of plants, located in non-appressed thylakoid regions. In this study, T-DNA insertion mutants of the single-copy SPPA1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g73990) were examined. Mutation of SPPA1 had no effect on the growth and development of plants under moderate, non-stressful conditions. It also did not affect the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis as measured by dark-adapted F(v)/F(m) and light-adapted Phi(PSII). Chloroplasts from sppA mutants were indistinguishable from the wild type. Loss of SPPA appears to affect photoprotective mechanisms during high light acclimation: mutant plants maintained a higher level of non-photochemical quenching of Photosystem II chlorophyll (NPQ) than the wild type, while wild-type plants accumulated more anthocyanin than the mutants. The quantum efficiency of Photosystem II was the same in all genotypes grown under low light, but was higher in wild type than mutants during high light acclimation. Further, the mutants retained the stress-related Early Light Inducible Protein (ELIP) longer than wild-type leaves during the early recovery period after acute high light plus cold treatment. These results suggest that SPPA1 may function during high light acclimation in the plastid, but is non-essential for growth and development under non-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Wetzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA.
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18
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Savitch LV, Ivanov AG, Gudynaite-Savitch L, Huner NPA, Simmonds J. Effects of low temperature stress on excitation energy partitioning and photoprotection in Zea mays. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2009; 36:37-49. [PMID: 32688625 DOI: 10.1071/fp08093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the partitioning of absorbed light energy within PSII into fractions utilised by PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), thermally dissipated via ΔpH- and zeaxanthin-dependent energy quenching (ΦNPQ) and constitutive non-photochemical energy losses (Φf,D) was performed in control and cold-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. The estimated energy partitioning of absorbed light to various pathways indicated that the fraction of ΦPSII was twofold lower, whereas the proportion of thermally dissipated energy through ΦNPQ was only 30% higher, in cold-stressed plants compared with control plants. In contrast, Φf,D, the fraction of absorbed light energy dissipated by additional quenching mechanism(s), was twofold higher in cold-stressed leaves. Thermoluminescence measurements revealed that the changes in energy partitioning were accompanied by narrowing of the temperature gap (ΔTM) between S2/3QB- and S2QA- charge recombinations in cold-stressed leaves to 8°C compared with 14.4°C in control maize plants. These observations suggest an increased probability for an alternative non-radiative P680+QA- radical pair recombination pathway for energy dissipation within the reaction centre of PSII in cold-stressed maize plants. This additional quenching mechanism might play an important role in thermal energy dissipation and photoprotection when the capacity for the primary, photochemical (ΦPSII) and zeaxanthin-dependent non-photochemical quenching (ΦNPQ) pathways are thermodynamically restricted in maize leaves exposed to cold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V Savitch
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Central Experimental Farm, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | | | - Norman P A Huner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John Simmonds
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Central Experimental Farm, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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19
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Ivanov AG, Sane PV, Hurry V, Oquist G, Huner NPA. Photosystem II reaction centre quenching: mechanisms and physiological role. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:565-74. [PMID: 18821028 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation of excess absorbed light energy in eukaryotic photoautotrophs through zeaxanthin- and DeltapH-dependent photosystem II antenna quenching is considered the major mechanism for non-photochemical quenching and photoprotection. However, there is mounting evidence of a zeaxanthin-independent pathway for dissipation of excess light energy based within the PSII reaction centre that may also play a significant role in photoprotection. We summarize recent reports which indicate that this enigma can be explained, in part, by the fact that PSII reaction centres can be reversibly interconverted from photochemical energy transducers that convert light into ATP and NADPH to efficient, non-photochemical energy quenchers that protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. In our opinion, reaction centre quenching complements photoprotection through antenna quenching, and dynamic regulation of photosystem II reaction centre represents a general response to any environmental condition that predisposes the accumulation of reduced Q(A) in the photosystem II reaction centres of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs. Since the evolution of reaction centres preceded the evolution of light harvesting systems, reaction centre quenching may represent the oldest photoprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Ivanov AG, Krol M, Zeinalov Y, Huner NPA, Sane PV. The lack of LHCII proteins modulates excitation energy partitioning and PSII charge recombination in Chlorina F2 mutant of barley. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 14:205-15. [PMID: 23572888 PMCID: PMC3550619 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-008-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the partitioning of absorbed light energy within PSII into fractions utilized by PSII photochemistry (ØPSII), thermally dissipated via ΔpH-and zeaxanthin-dependent energy quenching (ØNPQ) and constitutive non-photochemical energy losses (ØNO) was performed in wild type and F2 mutant of barley. The estimated energy partitioning of absorbed light to various pathways indicated that the fraction of ØPSII was slightly higher, while the proportion of thermally dissipated energy through ØNPQ was 38% lower in F2 mutant than in WT. In contrast, ØNO, i.e. the fraction of absorbed light energy dissipated by additional quenching mechanism(s) was 34% higher in F2 mutant. The increased proportion of ØNO correlated with narrowing the temperature gap (ΔT M) between S2/3QB- and S2QA- charge recombinations in F2 mutant as revealed by thermoluminescence measurements. We suggest that this would result in increased probability for an alternative non-radiative P680+QA- radical pair recombination pathway for energy dissipation within the reaction centre of PSII (reaction center quenching) and that this additional quenching mechanism might play an important role in photoprotection when the capacity for the primary, zeaxanthin-dependent non-photochemical quenching (ØNPQ) and state transitions pathways are restricted in the absence of LHCII polypeptides in F2 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Ivanov
- />Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - M. Krol
- />Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Y. Zeinalov
- />Institute of Biophysics, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N. P. A. Huner
- />Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - P. V. Sane
- />Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon, 425 001 India
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21
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Pocock T, Sane PV, Falk S, Hüner NPA. Excitation pressure regulates the activation energy for recombination events in the photosystem II reaction centres of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 85:721-9. [PMID: 18059530 DOI: 10.1139/o07-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using in vivo thermoluminescence, we examined the effects of growth irradiance and growth temperature on charge recombination events in photosystem II reaction centres of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We report that growth at increasing irradiance at either 29 or 15 degrees C resulted in comparable downward shifts in the temperature peak maxima (T(M)) for S2QB- charge pair recombination events, with minimal changes in S2QA- recombination events. This indicates that such growth conditions decrease the activation energy required for S2QB- charge pair recombination events with no concomitant change in the activation energy for S2QA- recombination events. This resulted in a decrease in the DeltaT(M) between S2QA- and S2QB- recombination events, which was reversible when shifting cells from low to high irradiance and back to low irradiance at 29 degrees C. We interpret these results to indicate that the redox potential of QB was modulated independently of QA, which consequently narrowed the redox potential gap between QA and QB in photosystem II reaction centres. Since a decrease in the DeltaT(M) between S2QA- and S2QB- recombination events correlated with growth at increasing excitation pressure, we conclude that acclimation to growth under high excitation pressure narrows the redox potential gap between QA and QB in photosystem II reaction centres, enhancing the probability for reaction center quenching in C. reinhardtii. We discuss the molecular basis for the modulation of the redox state of QB, and suggest that the potential for reaction center quenching complements antenna quenching via the xanthophyll cycle in the photoprotection of C. reinhardtii from excess light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Pocock
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
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22
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Zulfugarov IS, Ham OK, Mishra SR, Kim JY, Nath K, Koo HY, Kim HS, Moon YH, An G, Lee CH. Dependence of reaction center-type energy-dependent quenching on photosystem II antenna size. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:773-80. [PMID: 17459330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of photosystem II antenna size on reaction center-type energy-dependent quenching (qE) were examined in rice plants grown under two different light intensities using both wild type and qE-less (OsPsbS knockout) mutant plants. Reaction center-type qE was detected by measuring non-photochemical quenching at 50 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) white light intensity. We observed that in low light-grown rice plants, reaction center-type qE was higher than in high light-grown plants, and the amount of reaction center-type qE did not depend on zeaxanthin accumulation. This was confirmed in Arabidopsis npq1-2 mutant plants that lack zeaxanthin due to a mutation in the violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme. Although the electron transport rate measured at a light intensity of 50 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) was the same in high light- and low light-grown wild type and mutant plants lacking PsbS protein, the generation of energy-dependent quenching was completely impaired only in mutant plants. Analyses of the pigment content, Lhcb proteins and D1 protein of PSII showed that the antenna size was larger in low light-grown plants, and this correlated with the amount of reaction center-type qE. Our results mark the first time that the reaction center-type qE has been shown to depend on photosystem II antenna size and, although it depends on the existence of PsbS protein, the extent of reaction center-type qE does not correlate with the transcript levels of PsbS protein. The presence of reaction center-type energy-dependent quenching, in addition to antenna-type quenching, in higher plants for dissipation of excess light energy demonstrates the complexity and flexibility of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants to respond to different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismayil S Zulfugarov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Keumjung-ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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23
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Szyszka B, Ivanov AG, Hüner NPA. Psychrophily is associated with differential energy partitioning, photosystem stoichiometry and polypeptide phosphorylation in Chlamydomonas raudensis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1767:789-800. [PMID: 17234152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas raudensis UWO 241 and SAG 49.72 represent the psychrophilic and mesophilic strains of this green algal species. This novel discovery was exploited to assess the role of psychrophily in photoacclimation to growth temperature and growth irradiance. At their optimal growth temperatures of 8 degrees C and 28 degrees C respectively, UWO 241 and SAG 49.72 maintained comparable photostasis, that is energy balance, as measured by PSII excitation pressure. Although UWO 241 exhibited higher excitation pressure, measured as 1-qL, at all growth light intensities, the relative changes in 1-qL were similar to that of SAG 49.72 in response to growth light. In response to suboptimal temperatures and increased growth irradiance, SAG 49.72 favoured energy partitioning of excess excitation energy through inducible, down regulatory processes (Phi(NPQ)) associated with the xanthophyll cycle and antenna quenching, while UWO 241 favoured xanthophyll cycle-independent energy partitioning through constitutive processes involved in energy dissipation (Phi(NO)). In contrast to SAG 49.72, an elevation in growth temperature induced an increase in PSI/PSII stoichiometry in UWO 241. Furthermore, SAG 49.72 showed typical threonine-phosphorylation of LHCII, whereas UWO 241 exhibited phosphorylation of polypeptides of comparable molecular mass to PSI reaction centres but the absence of LHCII phosphorylation. Thus, although both strains maintain an energy balance irrespective of their differences in optimal growth temperatures, the mechanisms used to maintain photostasis were distinct. We conclude that psychrophily in C. raudensis is complex and appears to involve differential energy partitioning, photosystem stoichiometry and polypeptide phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Szyszka
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Wilson KE, Ivanov AG, Öquist G, Grodzinski B, Sarhan F, Huner NP. Energy balance, organellar redox status, and acclimation to environmental stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/b06-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In plants and algal cells, changes in light intensity can induce intrachloroplastic and retrograde regulation of gene expression in response to changes in the plastoquinone redox status. We review the evidence in support of the thesis that the chloroplast acts as a general sensor of cellular energy imbalance sensed through the plastoquinone pool. Alteration in cellular energy balance caused by chloroplast or mitochondrial metabolism can induce intracellular signalling to affect chloroplastic and nuclear gene expression in response, not only to light intensity, but to a myriad of abiotic stresses. In addition, this chloroplastic redox sensing also appears to have a broader impact, affecting long-distance systemic signalling related to plant growth and development. The organization of the respiratory electron transport chains of mitochondria and heterotrophic prokaryotes is comparable to that of chloroplast thylakoid membranes, and the redox state of the respiratory ubiquinone pool is a well-documented cellular energy sensor. Thus, modulation of electron transport component redox status by abiotic stress regulates organellar as well as nuclear gene expression. From the evidence presented, we suggest that the photosynthetic and respiratory machinery in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have a dual function: primary cellular energy transformation, and global environmental sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E. Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-901 87, Sweden
- Departments of Plant Agriculture and Environmental Biology, Bovey Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-901 87, Sweden
- Departments of Plant Agriculture and Environmental Biology, Bovey Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Gunnar Öquist
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-901 87, Sweden
- Departments of Plant Agriculture and Environmental Biology, Bovey Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bernard Grodzinski
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-901 87, Sweden
- Departments of Plant Agriculture and Environmental Biology, Bovey Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Fathey Sarhan
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-901 87, Sweden
- Departments of Plant Agriculture and Environmental Biology, Bovey Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Norman P.A. Huner
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, S-901 87, Sweden
- Departments of Plant Agriculture and Environmental Biology, Bovey Complex, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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