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Yildirim RM, Seli E. Mitochondria as determinants of reproductive senescence and competence: implications for diagnosis of embryo competence in assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod 2024:deae171. [PMID: 39066612 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are commonly recognized as the powerhouses of the cell, primarily responsible for energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Alongside this vital function, they also play crucial roles in regulating calcium signaling, maintaining membrane potential, and modulating apoptosis. Their involvement in various cellular pathways becomes particularly evident during oogenesis and embryogenesis, where mitochondrial quantity, morphology, and distribution are tightly controlled. The efficiency of the mitochondrial network is maintained through multiple quality control mechanisms that are essential for reproductive success. These include mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy. Not surprisingly, mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in infertility and ovarian aging, prompting investigation into mitochondria as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in assisted reproduction. To date, mitochondrial DNA copy number in oocytes, cumulus cells, and trophectoderm biopsies, and fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy-based assessment of NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide content have been explored as potential predictors of embryo competence, yielding limited success. Despite challenges in the clinical application of mitochondrial diagnostic strategies, these enigmatic organelles have a significant impact on reproduction, and their potential role as diagnostic targets in assisted reproduction is likely to remain an active area of investigation in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Melike Yildirim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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Adamyan L, Pivazyan L, Obosyan L, Krylova E, Isaeva S. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in patients of different age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2024; 67:356-379. [PMID: 38803301 PMCID: PMC11266849 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the benefits of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and to discuss the role of PGT-A in patients of different ages undergoing assisted reproduction. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist. Registration number: CRD42022354697. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and ClinicalTrials databases. Seven meta-analyses were performed with additional stratification of age and prognosis of the women studied. Clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in patients aged >35 years was higher in the PGT-A group (P=0.0002) than in controls. Live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transfer in women 35 years old or younger (P=0.002) was higher in the PGT-A group. The LBR per patient in women aged >35 years was higher in the PGT-A group (P=0.004). The effects of PGT-A on LBR in patients with poor prognosis showed a statistically significant increase (P=0.003). There was no significant difference in the rate between the two groups. PGT-A is effective and can be recommended for patients aged >35 years undergoing assisted reproduction to improve their reproductive outcomes. Moreover, our study showed the possible benefits of PGT-A in patients with a poor prognosis. Overall, our findings suggest that PGT-A is a valuable tool for improving the reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive procedures in older women and those with a history of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Adamyan
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Pivazyan
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Obosyan
- Department of Operative Gynecology, First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sapiyat Isaeva
- Department of Operative Gynecology, First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Li F, Xiang R, Liu Y, Hu G, Jiang Q, Jia T. Approaches and challenges in identifying, quantifying, and manipulating dynamic mitochondrial genome variations. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111123. [PMID: 38417637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, possess their own unique genetic system, including replication, transcription, and translation. Studying these processes is crucial for comprehending mitochondrial disorders, energy production, and their related diseases. Over the past decades, various approaches have been applied in detecting and quantifying mitochondrial genome variations with also the purpose of manipulation of mitochondria or mitochondrial genome for therapeutics. Understanding the scope and limitations of above strategies is not only fundamental to the understanding of basic biology but also critical for exploring disease-related novel target(s), as well to develop innovative therapies. Here, this review provides an overview of different tools and techniques for accurate mitochondrial genome variations identification, quantification, and discuss novel strategies for the manipulation of mitochondria to develop innovative therapeutic interventions, through combining the insights gained from the study of mitochondrial genetics with ongoing single cell omics combined with advanced single molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Run Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanbo Jiang
- Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, 91405 Orsay, France; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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4
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Wei S, Tang W, Chen D, Xiong J, Xue L, Dai Y, Guo Y, Wu C, Dai J, Wu M, Wang S. Multiomics insights into the female reproductive aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102245. [PMID: 38401570 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The human female reproductive lifespan significantly diminishes with age, leading to decreased fertility, reduced fertility quality and endocrine function disorders. While many aspects of aging in general have been extensively documented, the precise mechanisms governing programmed aging in the female reproductive system remain elusive. Recent advancements in omics technologies and computational capabilities have facilitated the emergence of multiomics deep phenotyping. Through the application and refinement of various high-throughput omics methods, a substantial volume of omics data has been generated, deepening our comprehension of the pathogenesis and molecular underpinnings of reproductive aging. This review highlights current and emerging multiomics approaches for investigating female reproductive aging, encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics. We elucidate their influence on fundamental cell biology and translational research in the context of reproductive aging, address the limitations and current challenges associated with multiomics studies, and offer a glimpse into future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liru Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Yican Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Zhou Y, Jin Y, Wu T, Wang Y, Dong Y, Chen P, Hu C, Pan N, Ye C, Shen L, Lin M, Fang T, Wu R. New insights on mitochondrial heteroplasmy observed in ovarian diseases. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00372-7. [PMID: 38061426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reportedly high mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be attributed to the absence of histone protection and complete repair mechanisms. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy refers to the coexistence of wild-type and mutant mtDNA. Most healthy individuals carry a low point mutation load (<1 %) in their mtDNA, typically without any discernible phenotypic effects. However, as it exceeds a certain threshold, it may cause the onset of various diseases. Since the ovary is a highly energy-intensive organ, it relies heavily on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy can potentially contribute to a variety of significant ovarian disorders. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we have elucidated the close relationship between mtDNA heteroplasmy and ovarian diseases, and summarized novel avenues and strategies for the potential treatment of these ovarian diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Mitochondrial heteroplasmy can potentially contribute to a variety of significant ovarian disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and endometriosis. Current strategies related to mitochondrial heteroplasmy are untargeted and have low bioavailability. Nanoparticle delivery systems loaded with mitochondrial modulators, mitochondrial replacement/transplantation therapy, and mitochondria-targeted gene editing therapy may offer promising paths towards potentially more effective treatments for these diseases, despite ongoing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China; Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang Dong
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Chen
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningping Pan
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Lin
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Fang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China; Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Smith AR, Hinojosa Briseño A, Picard M, Cardenas A. The prenatal environment and its influence on maternal and child mitochondrial DNA copy number and methylation: A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115798. [PMID: 37001851 PMCID: PMC10164709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is sensitive to environmental stressors and associated with human health. We reviewed epidemiological literature examining associations between prenatal environmental, dietary, and social exposures and alterations in maternal/child mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mtDNA methylation. Evidence exists that prenatal maternal exposures are associated with alterations in mtDNAcn for air pollution, chemicals (e.g. metals), cigarette smoke, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and treatment. Evidence for their associations with mtDNA methylation was limited. Given its potential implications as a disease pathway biomarker, studies with sufficient biological specificity should examine the long-term implications of prenatal and early-life mtDNA alterations in response to prenatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Hinojosa Briseño
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Wang X, Wang L, Xiang W. Mechanisms of ovarian aging in women: a review. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 37024976 PMCID: PMC10080932 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging is a natural and physiological aging process characterized by loss of quantity and quality of oocyte or follicular pool. As it is generally accepted that women are born with a finite follicle pool that will go through constant decline without renewing, which, together with decreased oocyte quality, makes a severe situation for women who is of advanced age but desperate for a healthy baby. The aim of our review was to investigate mechanisms leading to ovarian aging by discussing both extra- and intra- ovarian factors and to identify genetic characteristics of ovarian aging. The mechanisms were identified as both extra-ovarian alternation of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and intra-ovarian alternation of ovary itself, including telomere, mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, protein homeostasis, aneuploidy, apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, here we reviewed related Genome-wide association studies (GWAS studies) from 2009 to 2021 and next generation sequencing (NGS) studies of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in order to describe genetic characteristics of ovarian aging. It is reasonable to wish more reliable anti-aging interventions for ovarian aging as the exploration of mechanisms and genetics being progressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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8
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Zhang W, Wu F. Effects of adverse fertility-related factors on mitochondrial DNA in the oocyte: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:27. [PMID: 36932444 PMCID: PMC10021953 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of oocyte quality has profound impacts on fertilization, implantation, embryonic development, and the genetic quality of future generations. One factor that is often ignored but is involved in the decline of oocyte quality is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abnormalities. Abnormalities in mtDNA affect the energy production of mitochondria, the dynamic balance of the mitochondrial network, and the pathogenesis of mtDNA diseases in offspring. In this review, we have detailed the characteristics of mtDNA in oocytes and the maternal inheritance of mtDNA. Next, we summarized the mtDNA abnormalities in oocytes derived from aging, diabetes, obesity, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) in an attempt to further elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the decline in oocyte health. Because multiple infertility factors are often involved when an individual is infertile, a comprehensive understanding of the individual effects of each infertility-related factor on mtDNA is necessary. Herein, we consider the influence of infertility-related factors on the mtDNA of the oocyte as a collective perspective for the first time, providing a supplementary angle and reference for multi-directional improvement strategies of oocyte quality in the future. In addition, we highlight the importance of studying ART-derived mitochondrial abnormalities during every ART procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fuju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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9
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Kang MH, Kim YJ, Lee JH. Mitochondria in reproduction. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:1-11. [PMID: 36935406 PMCID: PMC10030209 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2022.05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In reproduction, mitochondria produce bioenergy, help to synthesize biomolecules, and support the ovaries, oogenesis, and preimplantation embryos, thereby facilitating healthy live births. However, the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in oocytes and embryos during oogenesis and embryo development has not been clearly elucidated. The functional activity of mitochondria is crucial for determining the quality of oocytes and embryos; therefore, the underlying mechanism must be better understood. In this review, we summarize the specific role of mitochondria in reproduction in oocytes and embryos. We also briefly discuss the recovery of mitochondrial function in gametes and zygotes. First, we introduce the general characteristics of mitochondria in cells, including their roles in adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species production, calcium homeostasis, and programmed cell death. Second, we present the unique characteristics of mitochondria in female reproduction, covering the bottleneck theory, mitochondrial shape, and mitochondrial metabolic pathways during oogenesis and preimplantation embryo development. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ovarian aging, a diminished ovarian reserve, a poor ovarian response, and several reproduction problems in gametes and zygotes, such as aneuploidy and genetic disorders. Finally, we briefly describe which factors are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial function can be recovered in reproduction. We hope to provide a new viewpoint regarding factors that can overcome mitochondrial dysfunction in the field of reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kang
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Vo KCT, Sato Y, Kawamura K. Improvement of oocyte quality through the SIRT signaling pathway. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12510. [PMID: 36845003 PMCID: PMC9949364 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oocyte quality is one of the major deciding factors in female fertility competence. Methods PubMed database was searched for reviews by using the following keyword "oocyte quality" AND "Sirtuins". The methodological quality of each literature review was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Main Findings Oxidative stress has been recognized as the mechanism attenuating oocyte quality. Increasing evidence from animal experiments and clinical studies has confirmed the protective roles of the sirtuin family in improving oocyte quality via an antioxidant effect. Conclusion The protective roles in the oocyte quality of the sirtuin family have been increasingly recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cat Tuyen Vo
- Graduate School of MedicineInternational University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineNarita‐shiJapan
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Yorino Sato
- Graduate School of MedicineInternational University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineNarita‐shiJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineBunkyokuJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Graduate School of MedicineInternational University of Health and Welfare School of MedicineNarita‐shiJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineBunkyokuJapan
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11
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Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Infertility: A Focus on Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233713. [PMID: 36496972 PMCID: PMC9738202 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive aging is on the rise globally and inseparable from the entire aging process. An extreme form of reproductive aging is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), which to date has mostly been of idiopathic etiology, thus hampering further clinical applications and associated with enormous socioeconomic and personal costs. In the field of reproduction, the important functional role of inflammation-induced ovarian deterioration and therapeutic strategies to prevent ovarian aging and increase its function are current research hotspots. This review discusses the general pathophysiology and relative causes of POI and comprehensively describes the association between the aging features of POI and infertility. Next, various preclinical studies of stem cell therapies with potential for POI treatment and their molecular mechanisms are described, with particular emphasis on the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in the current scenario. Finally, the progress made in the development of hiPSC technology as a POI research tool for engineering more mature and functional organoids suitable as an alternative therapy to restore infertility provides new insights into therapeutic vulnerability, and perspectives on this exciting research on stem cells and the derived exosomes towards more effective POI diagnosis and treatment are also discussed.
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12
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Oxidative Stress and Human Ovarian Response—From Somatic Ovarian Cells to Oocytes Damage: A Clinical Comprehensive Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071335. [PMID: 35883826 PMCID: PMC9311552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic scientific research on human reproduction and oxidative damage has been extensively performed; however, a more clinical view is still lacking. As a result, exhaustive data on the influence of oxidative stress on human ovarian response and, consequently, on fertility are still lacking. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of oxidative stress in different conditions associated to female infertility and to list some of the main antioxidant agents. A systematic literature search was performed in May 2022 to retrieve studies regarding the oxidative stress and the human ovarian response from somatic ovarian cells to oocytes damage. Only human studies were included and the authors focused their review, in particular, on clinical implications in order to define a new research perspective on the assessment of any eventual strategy to preserve women’s fertility. Thereby, the authors evaluated the contribution of DNA repair pathways in improving women’s fertility by reducing the DNA damage associated with aging or diseases, such as endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome, and eventually, in prolonging the reproductive lifespan after cancer treatment.
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13
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Role of Mitochondria Transfer in Infertility: A Commentary. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121867. [PMID: 35740996 PMCID: PMC9221194 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria transfer techniques were first designed to prevent the transmission of diseases due to mutations in mtDNA, as these organelles are exclusively transmitted to the offspring by the oocyte. Despite this, given the crucial role of mitochondria in oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryo development, these approaches have been proposed as new potential strategies to overcome poor oocyte quality in infertile patients. This condition is a very common cause of infertility in patients of advanced maternal age, and patients with previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempt failures of oocyte origin. In this context, the enrichment or the replacement of the whole set of the oocyte mitochondria may improve its quality and increase these patients’ chances of success after an IVF treatment. In this short review, we will provide a brief overview of the main human studies using heterologous and autologous mitochondria transfer techniques in the reproductive field, focusing on the etiology of the treated patients and the final outcome. Although there is no current clearly superior mitochondria transfer technique, efforts must be made in order to optimize them and bring them into regular clinical practice, giving these patients a chance to achieve a pregnancy with their own oocytes.
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14
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Podolak A, Woclawek-Potocka I, Lukaszuk K. The Role of Mitochondria in Human Fertility and Early Embryo Development: What Can We Learn for Clinical Application of Assessing and Improving Mitochondrial DNA? Cells 2022; 11:797. [PMID: 35269419 PMCID: PMC8909547 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as 'the powerhouses of the cell'. Indeed, their major role is cellular energy production driven by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Such a feature makes these organelles essential for successful fertilisation and proper embryo implantation and development. Generally, mitochondrial DNA is exclusively maternally inherited; oocyte's mitochondrial DNA level is crucial to provide sufficient ATP content for the developing embryo until the blastocyst stage of development. Additionally, human fertility and early embryogenesis may be affected by either point mutations or deletions in mitochondrial DNA. It was suggested that their accumulation may be associated with ovarian ageing. If so, is mitochondrial dysfunction the cause or consequence of ovarian ageing? Moreover, such an obvious relationship of mitochondria and mitochondrial genome with human fertility and early embryo development gives the field of mitochondrial research a great potential to be of use in clinical application. However, even now, the area of assessing and improving DNA quantity and function in reproductive medicine drives many questions and uncertainties. This review summarises the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in human reproduction and gives an insight into the utility of their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Podolak
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lukaszuk
- Invicta Research and Development Center, 81-740 Sopot, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Huang QY, Chen SR, Chen JM, Shi QY, Lin S. Therapeutic options for premature ovarian insufficiency: an updated review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:28. [PMID: 35120535 PMCID: PMC8815154 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a rare gynecological condition. This disease causes menstrual disturbances, infertility, and various health problems. Historically, hormone replacement therapy is the first-line treatment for this disorder. Women diagnosed with POI are left with limited therapeutic options. In order to remedy this situation, a new generation of therapeutic approaches, such as in vitro activation, mitochondrial activation technique, stem cell and exosomes therapy, biomaterials strategies, and platelet-rich plasma intra-ovarian infusion, is being developed. However, these emerging therapies are yet in the experimental stage and require precise design components to accelerate their conversion into clinical treatments. Thus, each medical practitioner bears responsibility for selecting suitable therapies for individual patients. In this article, we provide a timely analysis of the therapeutic strategies that are available for POI patients and discuss the prospects of POI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shao-Rong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi-Yang Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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16
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The Role of Mitochondria in Oocyte Maturation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092484. [PMID: 34572133 PMCID: PMC8469615 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the nucleus as an exception, mitochondria are the only animal cell organelles containing their own genetic information, called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). During oocyte maturation, the mtDNA copy number dramatically increases and the distribution of mitochondria changes significantly. As oocyte maturation requires a large amount of ATP for continuous transcription and translation, the availability of the right number of functional mitochondria is crucial. There is a correlation between the quality of oocytes and both the amount of mtDNA and the amount of ATP. Suboptimal conditions of in vitro maturation (IVM) might lead to changes in the mitochondrial morphology as well as alternations in the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with mitochondrial function. Dysfunctional mitochondria have a lower ability to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which leads to oxidative stress. The mitochondrial function might be improved with the application of antioxidants and significant expectations are laid on the development of new IVM systems supplemented with mitochondria-targeted reagents. Different types of antioxidants have been tested already on animal models and human rescue IVM oocytes, showing promising results. This review focuses on the recent observations on oocytes’ intracellular mitochondrial distribution and on mitochondrial genomes during their maturation, both in vivo and in vitro. Recent mitochondrial supplementation studies, aiming to improve oocyte developmental potential, are summarized.
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17
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Fu L, Luo YX, Liu Y, Liu H, Li HZ, Yu Y. Potential of Mitochondrial Genome Editing for Human Fertility Health. Front Genet 2021; 12:673951. [PMID: 34354734 PMCID: PMC8329452 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes vital proteins and RNAs for the normal functioning of the mitochondria. Mutations in mtDNA leading to mitochondrial dysfunction are relevant to a large spectrum of diseases, including fertility disorders. Since mtDNA undergoes rather complex processes during gametogenesis and fertilization, clarification of the changes and functions of mtDNA and its essential impact on gamete quality and fertility during this process is of great significance. Thanks to the emergence and rapid development of gene editing technology, breakthroughs have been made in mitochondrial genome editing (MGE), offering great potential for the treatment of mtDNA-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the features of mitochondria and their unique genome, emphasizing their inheritance patterns; illustrate the role of mtDNA in gametogenesis and fertilization; and discuss potential therapies based on MGE as well as the outlook in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs District, FICS, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Rodríguez-Varela C, Herraiz S, Labarta E. Mitochondrial enrichment in infertile patients: a review of different mitochondrial replacement therapies. Ther Adv Reprod Health 2021; 15:26334941211023544. [PMID: 34263171 PMCID: PMC8243099 DOI: 10.1177/26334941211023544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor ovarian responders exhibit a quantitative reduction in their follicular
pool, and most cases are also associated with poor oocyte quality due to
patient’s age, which leads to impaired in vitro fertilisation
outcomes. In particular, poor oocyte quality has been related to mitochondrial
dysfunction and/or low mitochondrial count as these organelles are crucial in
many essential oocyte processes. Therefore, mitochondrial enrichment has been
proposed as a potential therapy option in infertile patients to improve oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro fertilisation outcomes.
Nowadays, different options are available for mitochondrial enrichment
treatments that are encompassed in two main approaches: heterologous and
autologous. In the heterologous approach, mitochondria come from an external
source, which is an oocyte donor. These techniques include transferring either a
portion of the donor’s oocyte cytoplasm to the recipient oocyte or nuclear
material from the patient to the donor’s oocyte. In any case, this approach
entails many ethical and safety concerns that mainly arise from the uncertain
degree of mitochondrial heteroplasmy deriving from it. Thus the autologous
approach is considered a suitable potential tool to improve oocyte quality by
overcoming the heteroplasmy issue. Autologous mitochondrial transfer, however,
has not yielded as many beneficial outcomes as initially expected. Proposed
mitochondrial autologous sources include immature oocytes, granulosa cells,
germline stem cells, and adipose-derived stem cells. Presently, it would seem
that these autologous techniques do not improve clinical outcomes in human
infertile patients. However, further trials still need to be performed to
confirm these results. Besides these two main categories, new strategies have
arisen for oocyte rejuvenation by improving patient’s own mitochondrial function
and avoiding the unknown consequences of third-party genetic material. This is
the case of antioxidants, which may enhance mitochondrial activity by
counteracting and/or preventing oxidative stress damage. Among others,
coenzyme-Q10 and melatonin have shown promising results in low-prognosis
infertile patients, although further randomised clinical trials are still
necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Labarta
- IVI Foundation – IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain;
IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Abstract
The mitochondria, present in almost all eukaryotic cells, produce energy but also contribute to many other essential cellular functions. One of the unique characteristics of the mitochondria is that they have their own genome, which is only maternally transmitted via highly specific mechanisms that occur during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The mature oocyte has the highest mitochondrial DNA copy number of any cell. This high mitochondrial mass is directly correlated to the capacity of the oocyte to support the early stages of embryo development in many species. Indeed, the subtle energetic and metabolic modifications that are necessary for each of the key steps of early embryonic development rely heavily on the oocyte’s mitochondrial load and activity. For example, epigenetic reprogramming depends on the metabolic cofactors produced by the mitochondrial metabolism, and the reactive oxygen species derived from the mitochondrial respiratory chain are essential for the regulation of cell signaling in the embryo. All these elements have also led scientists to consider the mitochondria as a potential biomarker of oocyte competence and embryo viability, as well as a key target for future potential therapies. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. This review article summarizes the past two decades of research that have led to the current understanding of mitochondrial functions in reproduction
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20
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Busnelli A, Navarra A, Levi-Setti PE. Qualitative and Quantitative Ovarian and Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Alterations: Mechanisms and Implications for Female Fertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010055. [PMID: 33466415 PMCID: PMC7824846 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of female fertility over time is considered as a natural consequence of ovarian aging. The exact mechanism underlying this process is not fully elucidated. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that qualitative and quantitative mitochondrial genome alterations might play a relevant role. The former include mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage caused by oxidative stress, the accumulation of acquired mtDNA mutations, the effects of inherited mtDNA mutations, and alterations in the mitochondrial stress response mechanism. The latter refer to alterations in the oocytes, granuolosa cells, and embryonic cells mtDNA content. The present review aims to investigate the evidence about: (1) the effect of qualitative and quantitative mtDNA alterations on female fertility, paying particular attention to those with a pathophysiology characterized by a relevant role of oxidative stress; (2) the use of oocytes, granulosa cells (GCs), embryonic cells, and peripheral blood cells mtDNA copy number as a female fertility surrogate biomarker; (3) experimental therapies tested to try to subvert the ovarian aging process with particular reference to antioxidant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Busnelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (P.E.L.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Navarra
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (P.E.L.-S.)
| | - Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (P.E.L.-S.)
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21
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Chiang JL, Shukla P, Pagidas K, Ahmed NS, Karri S, Gunn DD, Hurd WW, Singh KK. Mitochondria in Ovarian Aging and Reproductive Longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101168. [PMID: 32896666 PMCID: PMC9375691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging. Consistently mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and function decline with age in various tissues. There is increasing evidence to support that mitochondrial dysfunction drives ovarian aging. A decreased mtDNA copy number is also reported during ovarian aging. However, the mitochondrial mechanisms contributing to ovarian aging and infertility are not fully understood. Additionally, investigations into mitochondrial therapies to rejuvenate oocyte quality, select viable embryos and improve mitochondrial function may help enhance fertility or extend reproductive longevity in the future. These therapies include the use of mitochondrial replacement techniques, quantification of mtDNA copy number, and various pharmacologic and lifestyle measures. This review aims to describe the key evidence and current knowledge of the role of mitochondria in ovarian aging and identify the emerging potential options for therapy to extend reproductive longevity and improve fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L Chiang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6(th)Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Pallavi Shukla
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building Room 630, 720 20(th)Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States; Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Kelly Pagidas
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, TCM University, 9 Jason Drive, Lincoln, RI, 02865, United States
| | - Noha S Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building Room 630, 720 20(th)Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States; Department of Dermatology, Zagazig University, 44519 Shaibet an Nakareyah, Zagazig 2, Ash Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Srinivasu Karri
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building Room 630, 720 20(th)Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
| | - Deidre D Gunn
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6(th)Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - William W Hurd
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6(th)Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building Room 630, 720 20(th)Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States; UAB Department of Genetics, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Kaul Genetics Building University of Alabama at Birmingham, Room 620, 720 20(th)Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States.
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22
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Eker C, Basdas R, Balci BK, Bastu E, Gunel T. The genomic analysis of endometrial mitochondrial DNA copy number variation on recurrent implantation failure. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 50:101945. [PMID: 33075545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to define the relationship between RIF (Recurrent Implantation Failure) and endometrial mtDNA copy number. STUDY DESIGN A total of 50 women of reproductive age including twenty-five patients clinically diagnosed with RIF and twenty-five fertile women as healthy controls were recruited into the study. Endometrial biopsy samples were obtained with a pipelle at the 20-24 days of the menstrual cycle of each participant. Total genomic DNA samples were isolated from endometrial tissues; MT-ND1 (mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase I) and MT-CO2 (mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase II) target genes were amplified by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Nuclear GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) gene was also used for study normalization. The study has been conducted between February 2019 and June 2019. RESULT(S) Droplet digital PCR results were analyzed in "QuantaSoft" software. The concentration amount (copies/μl) of each participant's mitochondrial gene was normalized according to the GAPDH gene concentrations as nuclear reference. mtDNA amounts were compared between RIF patients and healthy controls. Normalized data was statistically evaluated using Mann-Whitney U test and ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSION(S) It was concluded that the mitochondrial target gene (MT-ND1 and MT-CO2) copy number amount of RIF patients was higher than the one obtained from the healthy group in endometrial tissues. It is thought that higher mtDNA copy number at the RIF group may be related to increased oxidative stress in the endometrium. This stress factors may influence receptivity negatively and cause implantation failure. The receptivity of the endometrium is associated with the number of mtDNA copies and difference can be used as a biomarker for receptivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Eker
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rumeysa Basdas
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burcin Karamustafaoglu Balci
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ercan Bastu
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 34755 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Gunel
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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23
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Cozzolino M, Marin D, Sisti G. New Frontiers in IVF: mtDNA and autologous germline mitochondrial energy transfer. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:55. [PMID: 31299996 PMCID: PMC6626406 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many infertility specialists support the existence of a relationship between the levels of mitochondrial DNA and the quality of the blastocysts. Despite the extensive use of pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, a significant percentage of euploid embryos do not implant even though the endometrium is normal. Mitochondrial DNA may be used as a new test in evaluating embryonic vitality.Ovarian aging leads to a decrease in the quantity and quality of oocytes and aged oocytes have a reduced number of mitochondria. Mitochondria are the energy factories of the cells and their lacked could leads to lower fertilization rates and poor embryonic development. Various strategies have been tested to increase the mitochondria quantity and thus improve the quality of oocytes used in in vitro fertilization. Results of ovarian rejuvenation techniques such as autologous mitochondrial transplantation have been controversial. In this review, we describe the state of the art concerning the use of mitochondrial DNA and autologous mitochondrial transplantation as new possibilities to increase success in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
- IVIRMA, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Avda/Fernando Abril Martorell, n° 106, Valencia, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Marin
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Giovanni Sisti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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24
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Mitochondrial DNA copy number as a predictor of embryo viability. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Pasquariello R, Ermisch AF, Silva E, McCormick S, Logsdon D, Barfield JP, Schoolcraft WB, Krisher RL. Alterations in oocyte mitochondrial number and function are related to spindle defects and occur with maternal aging in mice and humans†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:971-981. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Pasquariello
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alison F Ermisch
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Elena Silva
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Sue McCormick
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Deirdre Logsdon
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer P Barfield
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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26
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Ravichandran K, McCaffrey C, Grifo J, Morales A, Perloe M, Munne S, Wells D, Fragouli E. Mitochondrial DNA quantification as a tool for embryo viability assessment: retrospective analysis of data from single euploid blastocyst transfers. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1282-1292. [PMID: 28387858 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in blastocyst biopsy specimens have the potential to serve as a biomarker of euploid embryo implantation ability, independent of morphology? SUMMARY ANSWER The results of this study strongly suggest that elevated mtDNA levels, above a previously defined threshold, are strongly associated with blastocyst implantation failure and represent an independent biomarker of embryo viability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Improved methods of embryo selection are highly desirable in order to increase the efficiency of IVF treatment. At present, even the transfer of chromosomally normal embryos of high morphological grade cannot guarantee that a pregnancy will follow. Recently, it has been proposed that the quantity of mtDNA in embryonic cells may be an indicator of developmental potential, with higher levels of mtDNA associated with reduced implantation. However, thus far reported data sets have been relatively small and in some cases have lacked appropriate validation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This large, blinded, retrospective study involved the analysis of relative mtDNA levels in 1505 euploid blastocysts obtained from 490 couples undergoing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Implantation outcomes were compared to mtDNA levels in order to determine the capacity of the method to predict viability and to assess the validity of previously established thresholds. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DNA from blastocyst biopsy samples was amplified and then subjected to aneuploidy analysis using next generation sequencing or array comparative genomic hybridization. Only those embryos classified as chromosomally normal had their mtDNA levels assessed. This analysis was undertaken retrospectively using quantitative real-time PCR, without knowledge of the outcome of embryo transfer. Predictions of implantation failure, based upon mtDNA levels were subsequently compared to the observed clinical results. All cycles involved the transfer of a single embryo. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of all blastocysts analyzed, 9.2% (139/1505) contained mtDNA levels above a previously established viability threshold and were therefore predicted to have reduced chances of implantation. To the date of analysis, 282 euploid blastocysts had been transferred with an overall implantation rate of 65.6% (185/282). Of the transferred embryos, 249 contained levels of mtDNA in the normal range, 185 of which produced a pregnancy, giving an implantation rate of 74.3% for euploid embryos with 'normal' quantities of mtDNA. However, 33 of the transferred embryos were determined to have elevated mtDNA quantities. None of these led to a pregnancy. Therefore, the negative predictive value of mtDNA assessment in this cohort was 100% (33/33). The difference between the implantation rates for embryos with normal and elevated mtDNA levels was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The mtDNA thresholds, used for classification of embryos, were unaffected by female age or the clinic in which the IVF was undertaken. The probability of an embryo having elevated levels of mtDNA was not influenced by variation in embryo morphology. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study provides strong evidence that mtDNA quantification can serve as a valuable tool to assist the evaluation of blastocyst viability. However, to determine the true extent of any clinical benefits, other types of investigations, such as non-selection studies and randomized controlled trials, will also be necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study suggest that mtDNA quantity can serve as an independent biomarker for the prediction of euploid blastocyst implantation potential. Prospective studies should now be undertaken to confirm these results. Additionally, investigations into the underlying biological cause(s) of elevated mtDNA levels and an enhanced understanding of how they relate to diminished implantation potential would be invaluable. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by funding provided by Reprogenetics. None of the authors have any competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ravichandran
- Reprogenetics, A Cooper Surgical Company, 3 Regent Street, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - C McCaffrey
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 333 E 38th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - J Grifo
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 333 E 38th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - A Morales
- Fertility Specialists Medical Group, 8010 Frost Street, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - M Perloe
- Georgia Reproductive Specialists, 5445 Meridian Mark Road, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - S Munne
- Reprogenetics, A Cooper Surgical Company, 3 Regent Street, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - D Wells
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute for Reproductive Sciences, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2HW, UK.,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - E Fragouli
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute for Reproductive Sciences, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2HW, UK.,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Chiaratti MR, Garcia BM, Carvalho KF, Machado TS, Ribeiro FKDS, Macabelli CH. The role of mitochondria in the female germline: Implications to fertility and inheritance of mitochondrial diseases. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:711-724. [PMID: 29418047 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a fundamental role during development of the female germline. They are fragmented, round, and small. Despite these characteristics suggesting that they are inactive, there is accumulating evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctions are a major cause of infertility and generation of aneuploidies in humans. In addition, mitochondria and their own genomes (mitochondrial DNA-mtDNA) may become damaged with time, which might be one reason why aging leads to infertility. As a result, mitochondria have been proposed as an important target for evaluating oocyte and embryo quality, and developing treatments for female infertility. On the other hand, mutations in mtDNA may cause mitochondrial dysfunctions, leading to severe diseases that affect 1 in 4,300 people. Moreover, very low levels of mutated mtDNA seem to be present in every person worldwide. These may increase with time and associate with late-onset degenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and common cancers. Mutations in mtDNA are transmitted down the maternal lineage, following a poorly understood pattern of inheritance. Recent findings have indicated existence in the female germline of a purifying filter against deleterious mtDNA variants. Although the underlying mechanism of this filter is largely unknown, it has been suggested to rely on autophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria or selective replication/transmission of non-deleterious variants. Thus, understanding the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial inheritance is important both to improve diagnosis and develop therapeutic tools for preventing transmission of mtDNA-encoded diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Bruna Martins Garcia
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Karen Freire Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thiago Simões Machado
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number as a potential biomarker for embryo viability in assisted reproduction. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondria have a well-established role in regulating embryo energy metabolism, and their efficiency has significant implications for reproductive success. Two recent studies suggested that elevated mtDNA copy number is associated with decreased implantation potential in human embryos generated by IVF. In the first study, Fragouli et al. reported that blastocysts that are aneuploid and those obtained from older reproductive age women have a higher mtDNA copy number. In addition, euploid blastocysts that failed to implant had a higher mtDNA copy number; and pregnancy did not occur when mtDNA copy number was above a threshold. In a subsequent study, Diez-Juan et al. found that mtDNA copy number inversely correlates with implantation potential of euploid embryos, not only for blastocysts but also for cleavage stage embryos. Instead of a threshold model, they proposed a score for embryos based on mtDNA copy number, which would be indicative of implantation potential. Unlike the previous study, Diez-Juan et al. did not find an age-associated decrease in mtDNA copy number in day 3 or day 5 embryos. SUMMARY Recent reports suggest that mtDNA copy number may be used as a biomarker for embryo viability. Further studies are necessary to determine whether mtDNA copy number constitutes a parameter independent of morphology and preimplantation genetic screening and whether its use may result in higher IVF pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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29
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Mitochondrial DNA quantity as a biomarker for blastocyst implantation potential. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:742-747. [PMID: 29101999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Of all the factors currently available for the evaluation of embryonic potential, chromosomal status appears to be the most definitive. The debate around this hotly contested issue does not focus on the question of whether aneuploidy is detrimental to development, but on whether current preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy methods are capable of accurately determining whether an embryo is chromosomally normal, aneuploid or a mixture of normal and abnormal cells (i.e., mosaic). Despite the importance of aneuploidy, it is clear that this is only one factor amongst many of relevance to embryo viability, as evidenced by the fact that even the transfer of a chromosomally normal embryo cannot guarantee a pregnancy. Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that blastocysts having unusually high levels of mitochondrial DNA detected in the trophectoderm have greatly reduced implantation potential, but there remain significant areas where further validation is necessary and where our understanding is currently inadequate. This should provide fertile ground for future research and is likely to yield some fascinating insights in the coming years.
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30
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Shang W, Zhang Y, Shu M, Wang W, Ren L, Chen F, Shao L, Lu S, Bo S, Ma S, Gao Y. Comprehensive chromosomal and mitochondrial copy number profiling in human IVF embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 36:67-74. [PMID: 29203383 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Single cell whole genome sequencing helps to decipher the genome heterogeneity within a cell population and facilitates the analysis of trace amounts of genetic material, such as is found in human embryos. The mitochondrial genome, although an important part of the genetic composition of eukaryotic cells, is often neglected in single cell genome analysis. A recently developed single cell whole genome amplification method was used, known as multiple annealing and looping based amplification cycles (MALBAC-NGS), for simultaneous analysis of chromosomal and mitochondrial genomes at the single cell level. The platform was validated by a series of technical and biological replicates and used for chromosomal and mitochondrial copy number analysis in 399 in-vitro fertilized embryos from 81 couples. A positive correlation of maternal age with increased mitochondria quantity (β = 0.176, P = 0.001) was observed after adjusting for the impact of cell type. Lower numbers of mitochondria were detected in successfully implanted embryos, although the difference was not significant. It is proposed that MALBAC-NGS could potentially be used for an advanced pre-implantation genetic screening procedure with both chromosomal constitution and mitochondrial copy number being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shang
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingming Shu
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Likun Ren
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China.
| | - Shiping Bo
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Shujie Ma
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yumei Gao
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
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May-Panloup P, Boucret L, Chao de la Barca JM, Desquiret-Dumas V, Ferré-L'Hotellier V, Morinière C, Descamps P, Procaccio V, Reynier P. Ovarian ageing: the role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:725-743. [PMID: 27562289 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great inter-individual variability of ovarian ageing, and almost 20% of patients consulting for infertility show signs of premature ovarian ageing. This feature, taken together with delayed childbearing in modern society, leads to the emergence of age-related ovarian dysfunction concomitantly with the desire for pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technology is frequently inefficacious in cases of ovarian ageing, thus raising the economic, medical and societal costs of the procedures. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONAL Ovarian ageing is characterized by quantitative and qualitative alteration of the ovarian oocyte reserve. Mitochondria play a central role in follicular atresia and could be the main target of the ooplasmic factors determining oocyte quality adversely affected by ageing. Indeed, the oocyte is the richest cell of the body in mitochondria and depends largely on these organelles to acquire competence for fertilization and early embryonic development. Moreover, the oocyte ensures the uniparental transmission and stability of the mitochondrial genome across the generations. This review focuses on the role played by mitochondria in ovarian ageing and on the possible consequences over the generations. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database for peer-reviewed original articles and reviews concerning mitochondria and ovarian ageing, in animal and human species. Searches were performed using keywords belonging to three groups: 'mitochondria' or 'mitochondrial DNA'; 'ovarian reserve', 'oocyte', 'ovary' or 'cumulus cells'; and 'ageing' or 'ovarian ageing'. These keywords were combined with other search phrases relevant to the topic. References from these articles were used to obtain additional articles. OUTCOMES There is a close relationship, in mammalian models and humans, between mitochondria and the decline of oocyte quality with ageing. Qualitatively, ageing-related mitochondrial (mt) DNA instability, which leads to the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the oocyte, plays a key role in the deterioration of oocyte quality in terms of competence and of the risk of transmitting mitochondrial abnormalities to the offspring. In contrast, some mtDNA haplogroups are protective against the decline of ovarian reserve. Quantitatively, mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial during oogenesis for constituting a mitochondrial pool sufficiently large to allow normal early embryonic development and to avoid the untimely activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Ovarian ageing also seriously affects the dynamic nature of mitochondrial biogenesis in the surrounding granulosa cells that may provide interesting alternative biomarkers of oocyte quality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A fuller understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in cases of infertility linked to ovarian ageing would contribute to a better management of the disorder in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale May-Panloup
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France .,PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lisa Boucret
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Juan-Manuel Chao de la Barca
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Ferré-L'Hotellier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Morinière
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Descamps
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
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Hart RJ. Physiological Aspects of Female Fertility: Role of the Environment, Modern Lifestyle, and Genetics. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:873-909. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the Western World there is an increasing trend to postpone childbearing. Consequently, the negative influence of age on oocyte quality may lead to a difficulty in conceiving for many couples. Furthermore, lifestyle factors may exacerbate a couple's difficulty in conceiving due mainly to the metabolic influence of obesity; however, the negative impacts of low peripheral body fat, excessive exercise, the increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, and smoking all have significant negative effects on fertility. Other factors that impede conception are the perceived increasing prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome, which is further exacerbated by obesity, and the presence of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (a progressive pelvic inflammatory disorder) which are more prevalent in older women. A tendency for an earlier sexual debut and to have more sexual partners has led to an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, there are several genetic influences that may limit the number of oocytes within the ovary; consequently, by postponing attempts at childbearing, a limitation of oocyte number may become evident, whereas in previous generations with earlier conception this potentially reduced reproductive life span did not manifest in infertility. Environmental influences on reproduction are under increasing scrutiny. Although firm evidence is lacking however, dioxin exposure may be linked to endometriosis, phthalate exposure may influence ovarian reserve, and bisphenol A may interfere with oocyte development and maturation. However, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is recognized to lead to ovarian damage and predispose the woman to ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Hart
- School of Women's and Infants Health, University of Western Australia & Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Subiaco, Perth Western Australia
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33
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Clinical Considerations of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Monogenic Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139613. [PMID: 26421428 PMCID: PMC4589384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore factors contribute to the success of PGD cycles for monogenic diseases. Methods During a 3-year period (January 2009 to December 2012), 184 consecutive ICSI-PGD cycles for monogenic diseases reaching the ovum pick-up and fresh embryo-transfer stage performed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of The First Affiliated Hospital Of Sun Yat-sen University were evaluated. Results ICSI was performed on 2206 metaphase II oocytes, and normal fertilization and cleavage rates were 83.4% (1840/2206) and 96.2% (1770/1840), respectively. In the present study, 60.5% (181/299) of day 3 good-quality embryos developed into good-quality embryos on day 4 after biopsy. Collectively, 42.9% clinical pregnancy rate (79/184) and 28.5% implantation rate (111/389) were presented. In the adjusted linear regression model, the only two significant factors affecting the number of genetically unaffected embryos were the number of biopsied embryos (coefficient: 0.390, 95%CI 0.317–0.463, P = 0.000) and basal FSH level (coefficient: 0.198, 95%CI 0.031–0.365, P = 0.021). In the adjusted binary logistic regression model, the only two significant factors affecting pregnancy outcome were the number of genetically available transferable embryos after PGD (adjusted OR 1.345, 95% CI 1.148–1.575, P = 0.000) and number of oocyte retrieved (adjusted OR 0.934, 95% CI 0.877–0.994, P = 0.031). Conclusion There should be at least four biopsied embryos to obtain at least one unaffected embryos in a PGD system for patients with single gene disorder and under the condition of basal FSH level smaller than 8.0mmol/L. Moreover, if only a low number (< 4) of biopsied embryos are available on day 3, the chance of unaffected embryos for transfer was small, with poor outcome.
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Kurahashi H, Kato T, Miyazaki J, Nishizawa H, Nishio E, Furukawa H, Miyamura H, Ito M, Endo T, Ouchi Y, Inagaki H, Fujii T. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening by comprehensive molecular testing. Reprod Med Biol 2015; 15:13-19. [PMID: 29259418 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-015-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although embryo screening by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has become the standard technique for the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss in couples with a balanced gross chromosomal rearrangement, the implantation and pregnancy rates of PGD using conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) remain suboptimal. Comprehensive molecular testing, such as array comparative genomic hybridization and next-generation sequencing, can improve these rates, but amplification bias in the whole genome amplification method remains an obstacle to accurate diagnosis. Recent advances in amplification procedures combined with improvements in the microarray platform and analytical method have overcome the amplification bias, and the data accuracy of the comprehensive PGD method has reached the level of clinical laboratory testing. Currently, comprehensive PGD is also applied to recurrent pregnancy loss due to recurrent fetal aneuploidy or infertility with recurrent implantation failure, known as preimplantation genetic screening. However, there are still numerous problems to be solved, including misdiagnosis due to somatic mosaicism, cell cycle-related background noise, and difficulty in diagnosis of polyploidy. The technology for comprehensive PGD also requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science Fujita Health University 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan.,Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center Fujita Health University 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science Fujita Health University 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Jun Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science Fujita Health University 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fujita Health University School of Medicine 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fujita Health University School of Medicine 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Eiji Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fujita Health University School of Medicine 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Fujita Health University Hospital 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hironori Miyamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fujita Health University School of Medicine 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Mayuko Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fujita Health University School of Medicine 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sapporo Medical University 060-8543 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuya Ouchi
- Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center Fujita Health University 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science Fujita Health University 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan.,Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center Fujita Health University 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fujita Health University School of Medicine 470-1192 Toyoake Aichi Japan
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Altered levels of mitochondrial DNA are associated with female age, aneuploidy, and provide an independent measure of embryonic implantation potential. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005241. [PMID: 26039092 PMCID: PMC4454688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in embryo development. They are the principal site of energy production and have various other critical cellular functions. Despite the importance of this organelle, little is known about the extent of variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between individual human embryos prior to implantation. This study investigated the biological and clinical relevance of the quantity of mtDNA in 379 embryos. These were examined via a combination of microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS), providing information on chromosomal status, amount of mtDNA, and presence of mutations in the mitochondrial genome. The quantity of mtDNA was significantly higher in embryos from older women (P=0.003). Additionally, mtDNA levels were elevated in aneuploid embryos, independent of age (P=0.025). Assessment of clinical outcomes after transfer of euploid embryos to the uterus revealed that blastocysts that successfully implanted tended to contain lower mtDNA quantities than those failing to implant (P=0.007). Importantly, an mtDNA quantity threshold was established, above which implantation was never observed. Subsequently, the predictive value of this threshold was confirmed in an independent blinded prospective study, indicating that abnormal mtDNA levels are present in 30% of non-implanting euploid embryos, but are not seen in embryos forming a viable pregnancy. NGS did not reveal any increase in mutation in blastocysts with elevated mtDNA levels. The results of this study suggest that increased mtDNA may be related to elevated metabolism and are associated with reduced viability, a possibility consistent with the ‘quiet embryo’ hypothesis. Importantly, the findings suggest a potential role for mitochondria in female reproductive aging and the genesis of aneuploidy. Of clinical significance, we propose that mtDNA content represents a novel biomarker with potential value for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment, revealing chromosomally normal blastocysts incapable of producing a viable pregnancy. Mitochondria are small membrane-enclosed structures and are found inside the cells of the body. Mitochondria actively participate in cellular life, and their main function is to generate energy which is used by the cell. For this reason mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of cells. Unlike other cellular organelles, mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA carries important genetic information concerning cellular metabolism and the generation of energy. It has been suggested that mitochondria and mtDNA could be of significance during early embryo development. Our work confirms this hypothesis. Specifically, our findings implicate mitochondria and their genome in female reproductive aging and the generation of embryonic chromosome abnormalities. Importantly, we describe a direct relationship between mtDNA quantity and the potential of an embryo to successfully become a baby. We propose that assessment of mtDNA quantity could be a novel way of identifying embryos with the highest ability to lead to healthy pregnancies and live births.
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Boucret L, Chao de la Barca JM, Morinière C, Desquiret V, Ferré-L'Hôtellier V, Descamps P, Marcaillou C, Reynier P, Procaccio V, May-Panloup P. Relationship between diminished ovarian reserve and mitochondrial biogenesis in cumulus cells. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1653-64. [PMID: 25994667 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What part do mitochondria play in cases of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)? SUMMARY ANSWER Mitochondrial biogenesis in cumulus cells may be linked with impaired oocyte competence in patients with DOR. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY DOR, one of the causes of infertility even in young women, is characterized by the depletion of the ovarian pool associated with a decline in oocyte competence. Mitochondria, which play a role in oocyte quality, could be involved in the pathogenesis of DOR. The study of cumulus cells offers an interesting non-invasive approach for evaluating oocyte quality and the metabolic processes on which it depends. If mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in DOR, it is likely to have an impact on the functioning of cumulus cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is an observational study of 74 immature oocyte-cumulus complexes retrieved from 47 women undergoing in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection at the University Hospital of Angers, France, from March 2013 to March 2014. The women were divided into two groups: one group included 26 women with DOR, and the other, which included 21 women with a normal ovarian reserve (NOR), served as a control group. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS The oocyte mitochondrial content and the average mitochondrial content of the cumulus cells were assessed by mitochondrial (mt)DNA quantification using a quantitative real-time PCR technique. Microfluidic-based quantitative RT-PCR assays were used to quantify the expression of 13 genes involved in mitochondrial functions such as apoptosis and antioxidant activity or in mitochondrial biogenesis. We used orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to distinguish between the DOR group and the NOR group of patients, and an OPLS model to predict the value of the oocyte mtDNA content that could be used as a critical marker of oocyte quality. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The OPLS-DA model showed a good predictive capability (Q2 = 0.543). Using the variable importance in projection (VIP) metric we found three mitochondrial variables distinguishing the DOR group from the NOR group of patients, i.e. the oocyte mtDNA content (VIP = 0.92), the cumulus cell mtDNA content (VIP = 0.95) and the expression in cumulus cells of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC-1A) (VIP = 1.10), all of which were lower in the DOR group than in the NOR group of patients. The OPLS model was able to satisfactorily predict the oocyte mtDNA content in only the NOR group of patients (Q2 = 0.506). We found four new variables positively linked to the oocyte mitochondrial mass, i.e. the cumulus cell mtDNA content (VIP = 1.19), and the expression in cumulus cells of three factors of mitochondrial biogenesis: polymerase gamma (POLG) (VIP = 2.13), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) (VIP = 1.89) and the transcription factor associated with mitochondria (TFAM) (VIP = 1.32). LIMITATIONS, REASONS OF CAUTION This is a descriptive study. Because of ethical concerns in human clinical practice, this study has been performed only on immature oocytes and corresponding cumulus cells, which are usually discarded during in vitro fertilization procedures. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Cumulus cells may govern mitochondrial biogenesis, creating an adequate oocyte mitochondrial pool to promote embryonic development. The alteration of this process in patients with DOR may account for the impairment of oocyte quality. This suggests that some mitochondrial characteristics of cumulus cells may serve as indicators of oocyte competence and that oocyte quality may be improved by products enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by a grant from the University Hospital of Angers, France: 'Appel d'offre interne à la recherche 2014'. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boucret
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - J M Chao de la Barca
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - C Morinière
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - V Desquiret
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - V Ferré-L'Hôtellier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - P Descamps
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | | | - P Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - V Procaccio
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - P May-Panloup
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
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