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Huang Y, Zhong H, Xu Z, Su Q, Su S. Assessing Swallowing Dysfunction Aggravation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Using Ultrasonic Measurements With Swallowing Movement Parameters. J Ultrasound Med 2024; 43:501-511. [PMID: 38009681 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between ultrasonic measurements of swallowing movement parameters and aggravation of swallowing dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS COPD patients with swallowing dysfunction (n = 120) and COPD patients with normal swallowing function (n = 100) treated in our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were included in observation and control groups, respectively. The correlation between ultrasonic measurements of swallowing movement parameters and COPD with swallowing dysfunction was analyzed. The observation group was divided into mild and severe groups according to their Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) scores. The correlation between ultrasonic measurements of swallowing movement parameters and COPD exacerbation combined with swallowing dysfunction was analyzed. RESULTS In the observation group, Hyoid muscle thickness, hyoid bone displacement, geniohyoid muscle movement distance, HLAS, and CSR were lower compared to the control group, negatively associated with COPD-related swallowing issues. Conversely, geniohyoid muscle movement time and minimum hyohyoid distance (NHLA) were higher in the observation group, positively correlated with COPD-related swallowing dysfunction. In COPD patients with swallowing problems, the severe group exhibited lower values for lingual muscle thickness, hyoid bone displacement, geniohyoid muscle movement distance, HLAS, and CSR compared to the mild group, while geniohyoid muscle movement time and NHLA were higher in the severe group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created, indicating the promising diagnostic utility of these parameters for assessing the presence and severity of swallowing dysfunction in COPD patients. CONCLUSION The ultrasonic measurement of swallowing motion parameters can effectively assess swallowing dysfunction in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huohu Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qichen Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Wang Y, He X, Chen S, Weng Y, Liu Z, Pan Q, Zhang R, Li Y, Wang H, Lin S, Yu H. Annulus Fibrosus Repair for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes From Controlled Studies. Global Spine J 2024; 14:306-321. [PMID: 37068762 PMCID: PMC10676185 DOI: 10.1177/21925682231169963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of the various annular defect repair methods that have emerged in recent years. METHODS A meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials was conducted. Articles from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) on Lumbar disc herniation treatment with annular repair published from inception to April 2, 2022 were included. We summarized the clinical efficacy and safety of annular repair techniques based on a random-effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS 7 randomized controlled studies and 8 observational studies with a total of 2161 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled data analysis showed that adding the annular repair technique reduced postoperative recurrence rate, reoperation rate, and loss of intervertebral height compared with lumbar discectomy alone. Subgroup analysis based on different annular repair techniques showed that the Barricaid Annular Closure Device (ACD) was effective in preventing re-protrusion and reducing reoperation rates, while there was no significant difference between the other subgroups. The annulus fibrosus suture (AFS) did not improve the postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the annular repair and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Lumbar discectomy combined with ACD can effectively reduce postoperative recurrence and reoperation rates in patients with LDH. AFS alone was less effective in reducing recurrence and reoperation rates and did not improve postoperative pain and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shupeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiyong Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qunlong Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rongmou Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yizhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanshi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Quanzhou, Fujian, China; Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia
| | - Haiming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Jiang HQ, Lu LY, Weng ZM, Huang KY, Yang Y, Deng HH, Xu YY, Chen W, Zhuang QQ. 6-Aza-2-Thiothymine-Capped Gold Nanoclusters as Robust Antimicrobial Nanoagents for Eradicating Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Infection. ACS Omega 2023; 8:47123-47133. [PMID: 38107925 PMCID: PMC10720302 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, are an ever-growing threat because of the shrinking arsenal of efficacious antibiotics. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a kind of novel, long-term antibacterial agent effectively overcome resistant bacteria. Herein, we present a novel designed antibacterial agent-6-Aza-2-thiothymine-capped gold nanoclusters (ATT-AuNCs), which show excellent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant E. coli bacteria. The prepared AuNCs could permeabilize into the bacterial cell membrane via binding with a bivalent cation (e.g., Ca2+), followed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH and •O2-), ultimately resulting in protein leakage from compromised cell membranes, inducing DNA damage and upregulating pro-oxidative genes intracellular. The AuNCs also speed up the wound healing process without noticeable hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity to erythrocytes and mammalian tissue. Altogether, the results indicate the great promise of ATT-AuNCs for treating multidrug-resistant E. coli bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qiong Jiang
- Department
of Cardiac Function Examination Room, Affiliated
Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Lin-Yan Lu
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Zhi-Min Weng
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Huang
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Hao-Hua Deng
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical
University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhuang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Fu Y, Lin J, Chen L, Chen X, Chen Q. Meta-analysis of the effects of CPAP therapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:2155-2163. [PMID: 36940015 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and may lead to a loss of kidney function. However, it remains unclear whether or not continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment improves the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with OSA. This meta-analysis was designed to investigate the effect of CPAP therapy on eGFR in patients with OSA. METHODS We searched the electronic databases Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase through June 1, 2022. Information about patients, CPAP duration, gender distribution, pre- and post-CPAP treatment eGFR, and age of patients were collected for further analysis. We applied the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95%confidence interval (CI) to analyze the pooled effects. Both Stata 12.0 software and Review Manager 5.2 software were employed for all statistical analyses. RESULTS A sample of 13 studies with 519 patients was included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant change of eGFR levels before and after CPAP usage for patients with OSA (SMD = - 0.05, 95%CI: - 0.30 to 0.19, Z = 0.43, p = 0.67). However, subgroup analysis revealed that the level of eGFR was obviously decreased after CPAP therapy in patients with OSA and CPAP use duration > 6 months (SMD = - 0.30, 95% CI = - 0.49 to - 0.12, z = 3.20, p = 0.001), and elderly patients (> 60 years) (SMD = - 0.32, 95% CI = - 0.52 to - 0.11, z = 3.02, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis confirmed that OSA treatment with CPAP has no clinically significant effect on eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fengze District, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fengze District, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fengze District, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fengze District, China.
| | - Qingshi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fengze District, China.
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Huang Y, Su S, Luo W, Zhong H, Wang X, Lyu G. Effects and mechanisms of intrauterine chronic hypoxia on ovarian reserve function of zygotic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19771. [PMID: 37957219 PMCID: PMC10643435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intrauterine hypoxia (ICH) may lead to permanent alterations in the offspring's body structure, function, and metabolism through the "developmental programming" pathway, resulting in lasting changes in physiology and metabolism, as well as the onset of adult-onset diseases. The aim was to investigate intrauterine growth restriction caused by ICH and its effect on ovarian reserve function in female offspring at different developmental stages after birth. Healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 20) were pregnant by normal mating, and the rats in the ICH group were treated with chronic intrauterine hypoxia twice a day for 04 h00 each time from day 4 to 21 of gestation. After the first hypoxic treatment, four pregnant rats were randomly selected from the ICH and natural control groups for arterial blood gas analysis. In the ICH group, birth weight and body weight on the 5th day after birth were less than in the control group, the total number of follicles and the number of primordial follicles in the offspring of the ICH group were significantly reduced on postnatal days 5, 20, and 40 (p < 0.05). ICH decreases ovarian reserve function in female offspring rats and programmatically regulates the differential expression of ovarian miRNAs in female offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Weiwen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Hospital, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huohu Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xiali Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology of Education Ministry, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Guorong Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology of Education Ministry, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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Yang YS, Wu SH, Chen WC, Pei MQ, Liu YB, Liu CY, Lin S, He HF. Effects of xenon anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:366. [PMID: 37946114 PMCID: PMC10634138 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest clinical trials have reported conflicting outcomes regarding the effectiveness of xenon anesthesia in preventing postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction; thus, this study assessed the existing evidence. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 9, 2023, for randomized controlled trials of xenon anesthesia in postoperative patients. We included English-language randomized controlled studies of adult patients undergoing surgery with xenon anesthesia that compared its effects to those of other anesthetics. Duplicate studies, pediatric studies, and ongoing clinical trials were excluded. Nine studies with 754 participants were identified. A forest plot revealed that the incidence of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction did not differ between the xenon anesthesia and control groups (P = 0.43). Additionally, xenon anesthesia significantly shortened the emergence time for time to opening eyes (P < 0.001), time to extubation (P < 0.001), time to react on demand (P = 0.01), and time to time and spatial orientation (P = 0.04). However, the Aldrete score significantly increased with xenon anesthesia (P = 0.005). Postoperative complications did not differ between the anesthesia groups. Egger's test for bias showed no small-study effect, and a trim-and-fill analysis showed no apparent publication bias. In conclusion, xenon anesthesia probably did not affect the occurrence of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction. However, xenon anesthesia may effectively shorten the emergence time of certain parameters without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shan-Hu Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qin Pei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chu-Yun Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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Su S, Zhong H, Wang X, Huang Y, Su Q. Shear wave elastography combined with two-dimensional ultrasonography for detecting optic nerve sheath: An effective tool for assessing preeclampsia. J Clin Ultrasound 2023; 51:1412-1418. [PMID: 37643987 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate two-dimensional ultrasound and shear-wave elastography (SWE) in evaluating optic neuropathy in preeclampsia. METHODS Ninety-one singleton pregnant women (51 with preeclampsia [observation group]; 40 without complications [control group]) admitted between January 2022 and April 2022 participated in this study. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and optic nerve stiffness measurement (ONSM) were measured using two-dimensional ultrasound and SWE, respectively, and compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to evaluate the performance of ONSD, ONSM, and combination (ONSD + ONSM) for diagnosing preeclampsia. RESULTS The observation (preeclampsia) group ONSD and ONSM were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Optimal diagnostic values for ONSD and ONSM were 4.10 mm and 11.20 kPa, respectively. Areas under the curve for diagnosing preeclampsia were 0.958 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.926-0.990) for ONSD, 0.939 (95% CI, 0.894-0.985) for ONSM, and 0.982 (95% CI, 0.962-1.000) for ONSD + ONSM. There was no significant difference between ONSD and ONSM in diagnosing preeclampsia (p = 0.436). However, ONSD + ONSM was significantly advantageous over ONSD or ONSM alone in diagnosing preeclampsia (p = 0.033; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonic evaluation of the optic nerve can quantitatively assess optic nerve changes in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huohu Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Reproductive in Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qichen Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Li K, Zhou P, Guo Y, Xu T, Lin S, Lin S, Ji C. Recent advances in exosomal non-coding RNA-based therapeutic approaches for photoaging. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13463. [PMID: 37753673 PMCID: PMC10495620 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoaging is a degenerative biological process that affects the quality of life. It is caused by environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), deep skin burns, smoking, active oxygen, chemical substances, and trauma. Among them, UVR plays a vital role in the aging process. AIM With the continuous development of modern medicine, clinical researchers have investigated novel approaches to treat aging. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), non-coding RNAs are involved in various physiological processes have broad clinical application as they have the advantages of convenient samples, abundant sources, and avoidable ethical issues. METHODS This article reviews research progress on five types of stem cell, exosomes, non-coding RNA in the context of photoaging treatment: adipose-derived stem cell, human umbilical cord MSCs, epidermal progenitor cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). It also includes stem cell related exosomes and their non-coding RNA research. RESULTS The results have clinical guiding significance for prevention and control of the onset and development of photoaging. It is found that stem cells secrete cytokines, cell growth factors, non-coding RNA, exosomes and proteins to repair aging skin tissues and achieve skin rejuvenation. In particular, stem cell exosomes and non-coding RNA are found to have significant research potential, as they possess the benefits of their source cells without the disadvantages which include immune rejection and granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun‐Jie Li
- Department of Dermatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Peng‐Jun Zhou
- Department of Dermatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Yan‐Ni Guo
- Department of Dermatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Tian‐Xing Xu
- Department of Dermatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Song‐Fa Lin
- Department of Dermatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Researchthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
- Group of NeuroendocrinologyGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
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Chen WH, Shi YC, Huang QY, Chen JM, Wang ZY, Lin S, Shi QY. Potential for NPY receptor-related therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated review. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:441-451. [PMID: 37452264 PMCID: PMC10449684 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease that can cause female infertility and bring economic burden to families and to society. The clinical and/or biochemical manifestations include hyperandrogenism, persistent anovulation, and polycystic ovarian changes, often accompanied by insulin resistance and obesity. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, PCOS involves the abnormal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the abnormal activation of GnRH neurons. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and functions as the physiological integrator of two neuroendocrine systems, one governing feeding and the other controlling reproduction. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the improvement of the reproductive and metabolic status of PCOS through the therapeutic application of NPY and its receptors. In this review, we summarize the central and peripheral regulation of NPY and its receptors in the development of PCOS and discuss the potential for NPY receptor-related therapies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Qiao-Yi Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Qi-Yang Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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Cai D, Zhang G, Hu D, Li J, Wang M, Zhang Y, Yuan J. Efficiently Removing Heavy Metals from High-Salinity Wastewater via Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems. ACS Omega 2023; 8:30898-30905. [PMID: 37663460 PMCID: PMC10468934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
For the separation of metal ions, ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-ABSs) offer a promising alternative to solvent extraction. However, the incorporation of an extensive quantity of inorganic salts restricts their practical application. Because heavy metal wastewater often contains high concentrations of inorganic salts, it offers good prospects for the application of IL-ABSs in the separation of heavy metals. In this work, an IL-ABS was formed by tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P44414]Cl), and simulated high-salinity wastewater (NaCl and Na2SO4 as the main inorganic salts) was used for the separation of heavy metals. The phase diagram results indicated that the formation of a two-phase system required a relatively high salt concentration. The extraction process followed the mechanism of anion exchange; thus, heavy metals such as zinc and cadmium that formed complexes with chloride ions could be effectively extracted (extraction rate >99.5%) with a very fast rate (extraction time <1 min) at a wide pH range (pH = 2-7). After extraction, the metals could be stripped well (stripping rate >99.5%) after contact with the NaOH solution. This research provided a new approach for treating heavy metals in high-salinity effluents, which has the advantages of IL-ABS and avoids the disadvantages of adding large amounts of inorganic salts at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniu Cai
- College
of Chemical Engineering and Material, Quanzhou
Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian China
| | - Guangcai Zhang
- College
of Chemical Engineering and Material, Quanzhou
Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- Qingyuan
Jingong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Quanzhou 362200, Fujian China
| | - Jianyang Li
- Qingyuan
Jingong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Quanzhou 362200, Fujian China
| | - Minggong Wang
- College
of Chemical Engineering and Material, Quanzhou
Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian China
| | - Yingwu Zhang
- College
of Chemical Engineering and Material, Quanzhou
Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian China
| | - Junsheng Yuan
- College
of Chemical Engineering and Material, Quanzhou
Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian China
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11
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He X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Weng Y, Chen S, Pan Q, Li Y, Wang H, Lin S, Yu H. Osteoporosis treatment using stem cell-derived exosomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37038180 PMCID: PMC10088147 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of osteoporosis in recent years has aroused widespread public concern; however, existing effective treatments are limited. Therefore, new osteoporosis treatment methods, including stem cell transplantation and exosome therapy, have been proposed and are gaining momentum. Exosomes are considered to have greater potential for clinical application owing to their immunocompatibility. This study summarises the latest evidence demonstrating the efficacy of exosomes in improving bone loss in the treatment of osteoporosis. MAIN TEXT This systematic review and meta-analyses searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 26 March 2022 for osteoporosis treatment studies using stem cell-derived exosomes. Six endpoints were selected to determine efficacy: bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular separation, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness. The search generated 366 citations. Eventually, 11 articles that included 15 controlled preclinical trials and 242 experimental animals (rats and mice) were included in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The results were relatively robust and reliable despite some publication biases, suggesting that exosome treatment increased bone mass, improved bone microarchitecture, and enhanced bone strength compared with placebo treatments. Moreover, stem cell-derived exosomes may favour anabolism over catabolism, shifting the dynamic balance towards bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiyong Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shupeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qunlong Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yizhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hanshi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Haiming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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12
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Yang YS, He SL, Chen WC, Wang CM, Huang QM, Shi YC, Lin S, He HF. Recent progress on the role of non-coding RNA in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1024475. [PMID: 36313620 PMCID: PMC9608859 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1024475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), especially in elderly patients, is a serious complication characterized by impairment of cognitive and sensory modalities after surgery. The pathogenesis of POCD mainly includes neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, accumulation of Aβ, and tau hyperphosphorylation; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) may play an important role in POCD. Some evidence suggests that microRNA, long ncRNA, and circular RNA can regulate POCD-related processes, making them promising biomarkers in POCD diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This article reviews the crosstalk between ncRNAs and POCD, and systematically discusses the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of POCD. Additionally, we explored the possible mechanisms of ncRNA-associated POCD, providing new knowledge for developing ncRNA-based treatments for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ling He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Mei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yan-Chuan Shi,
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Shu Lin,
| | - He-fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- He-fan He,
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13
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Xiong Y, Song J, Huang X, Pan Z, Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou L, Lin S, Hu W, Zheng F, Stavrinou P. Exosomes Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Novel Effects in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:899887. [PMID: 35585925 PMCID: PMC9108502 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.899887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is defined as an infarction in the brain, caused by impaired cerebral blood supply, leading to local brain tissue ischemia, hypoxic necrosis, and corresponding neurological deficits. At present, revascularization strategies in patients with acute ischemic stroke include intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical endovascular treatment. However, due to the short treatment time window (<4.5 h) and method restrictions, clinical research is focused on new methods to treat ischemic stroke. Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles produced in the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells, containing DNA, complex RNA, and protein (30-150 nm). They are released into surrounding extracellular fluid upon fusion between multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. Exosomes have the characteristics of low immunogenicity, good innate stability, high transmission efficiency, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making them potential therapeutic modalities for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The seed sequence of miRNA secreted by exosomes is base-paired with complementary mRNA to improve the microenvironment of ischemic tissue, thereby regulating downstream signal transduction activities. With exosome research still in the theoretical and experimental stages, this review aims to shed light on the potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Regional Medical Center, Fudan University Huashan Hospital Fujian Campus, The First Affiliated Hospital Binhai Campus, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, Athens Medical School, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a rare gynecological condition. This disease causes menstrual disturbances, infertility, and various health problems. Historically, hormone replacement therapy is the first-line treatment for this disorder. Women diagnosed with POI are left with limited therapeutic options. In order to remedy this situation, a new generation of therapeutic approaches, such as in vitro activation, mitochondrial activation technique, stem cell and exosomes therapy, biomaterials strategies, and platelet-rich plasma intra-ovarian infusion, is being developed. However, these emerging therapies are yet in the experimental stage and require precise design components to accelerate their conversion into clinical treatments. Thus, each medical practitioner bears responsibility for selecting suitable therapies for individual patients. In this article, we provide a timely analysis of the therapeutic strategies that are available for POI patients and discuss the prospects of POI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shao-Rong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi-Yang Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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15
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Qiu E, Chen X, Yang DP, Regulacio MD, Ramos RMC, Luo Z, Wu YL, Lin M, Li Z, Loh XJ, Ye E. Fabricating Dual-Functional Plasmonic-Magnetic Au@MgFe 2O 4 Nanohybrids for Photothermal Therapy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS Omega 2022; 7:2031-2040. [PMID: 35071891 PMCID: PMC8771950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional nanohybrids possessing both plasmonic and magnetic functionalities are of great interest for biomedical applications owing to their capability for simultaneous therapy and diagnostics. Herein, we fabricate a core-shell structured plasmonic-magnetic nanocomposite system that can serve as a dual-functional agent due to its combined photothermal therapeutic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) functions. The photothermal activity of the hybrid is attributed to its plasmonic Au core, which is capable of absorbing near-infrared (NIR) light and converting it into heat. Meanwhile, the magnetic MgFe2O4 shell exerts its ability to act as a MRI contrast agent. Our in vivo studies using tumor-bearing mice demonstrated the nanohybrids' excellent photothermal and MRI properties. As a photothermal therapeutic agent, the nanohybrids were able to dramatically shrink solid tumors in mice through NIR-induced hyperthermia. As T 2-weighted MRI contrast agents, the nanohybrids were found capable of substantially reducing the MRI signal intensity of the tumor region at 10 min postinjection. With their dual plasmonic-magnetic functionality, these Au@MgFe2O4 nanohybrids hold great promise not only in the biomedical field but also in the areas of catalysis and optical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Qiu
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Materials and Green Nanotechnology, College
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Michelle D. Regulacio
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon
City 1101, Philippines
| | - Rufus Mart Ceasar
R. Ramos
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon
City 1101, Philippines
- Natural
Sciences Research Institute (NSRI), University
of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State
Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State
Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, no. 8-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, no. 8-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, no. 8-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, no. 8-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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