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Kim SY, Yang J, Dang YM, Ha JH. Effect of fermentation stages on glucosinolate profiles in kimchi: Quantification of 14 intact glucosinolates using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100417. [PMID: 36211768 PMCID: PMC9532793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for estimating glucosinolate profiles of kimchi is reported. The method employs ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method is efficient in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The glucosinolate contents and compositions vary with fermentation stage. Total glucosinolates were degraded by 91%–100% in over-fermentation stage.
We developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry-based analytical method to determine intact glucosinolates in kimchi and evaluate the effects of fermentation stages on glucosinolate profiles. The developed method yielded reliable data in the kimchi matrix in terms of selectivity, matrix effect (88 %–105 %), linearity (coefficients of determination ≥0.9991), sensitivity (limits of quantification ≤35 nmol/L), accuracy (82 %–101 %), and precision (≤8%). The kimchi samples contained progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoraphanin, glucoraphenin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, glucoberteroin, gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin, of which 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicanapin, and gluconapin were the major compounds. Total glucosinolate content was decreased by 31 %–97 % and 91–100 % in the moderate-fermented and over-fermented samples, respectively, compared with that in the non-fermented samples, revealing sudden glucosinolate degradation between the moderate- and over-fermentation stages. In summary, we report an efficient analytical method to estimate kimchi glucosinolate profiles, which could be a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yang
- Industrial Solution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Dang
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuong Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Wu W, Chen J, Yu D, Chen S, Ye X, Zhang Z. Analysis of Processing Effects on Glucosinolate Profiles in Red Cabbage by LC-MS/MS in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode. Molecules 2021; 26:5171. [PMID: 34500612 PMCID: PMC8433700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) continues to receive increasing attention on its health-promoting properties because of its high glucosinolate content. Glucosinolates are an unstable active substance; however, there are few studies on their changes in different cooking processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing methods (boiling, steaming, microwave heating, frying, stir-frying) and boiling time on glucosinolates in red cabbage. Ten glucosinolates, including 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoalyssin, glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin, glucoiberin, progoitrin, gluconapin and sinigrin, in red cabbage were detected. Decreases of 32.36%, 24.83%, 25.27%, 81.11% and 84.29% for total glucosinolates were observed after boiling, microwaving, steaming, frying and stir-frying. Indole glucosinolates were more efficiently lost compared to aliphatic glucosinolates after boiling, while microwaving, steaming, frying and stir-frying also resulted in a greater reduction in indole glucosinolates than aliphatic glucosinolates. Glucoalyssin, glucoerucin and sinigrin were more thermal sensitive than other glucosinolates. It was confirmed that microwaving and steaming retained higher levels of glucosinolates than other methods and may be better for cooking red cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Wu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Dandan Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.)
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3
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Rhee JH, Choi S, Lee JE, Hur OS, Ro NY, Hwang AJ, Ko HC, Chung YJ, Noh JJ, Assefa AD. Glucosinolate Content in Brassica Genetic Resources and Their Distribution Pattern within and between Inner, Middle, and Outer Leaves. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111421. [PMID: 33114129 PMCID: PMC7690824 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur-containing secondary metabolites naturally occurring in Brassica species. The purpose of this study was to identify the GSLs, determine their content, and study their accumulation patterns within and between leaves of kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) cultivars. GSLs were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS in negative electron-spray ionization (ESI−) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The total GSL content determined in this study ranged from 621.15 to 42434.21 μmolkg−1 DW. Aliphatic GSLs predominated, representing from 4.44% to 96.20% of the total GSL content among the entire samples. Glucobrassicanapin (GBN) contributed the greatest proportion while other GSLs such as glucoerucin (ERU) and glucotropaeolin (TRO) were found in relatively low concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded three principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues ≥ 1, altogether representing 74.83% of the total variation across the entire dataset. Three kimchi cabbage (S/No. 20, 4, and 2), one leaf mustard (S/No. 26), and one turnip (S/No. 8) genetic resources were well distinguished from other samples. The GSL content varied significantly among the different positions (outer, middle, and inner) of the leaves and sections (top, middle, bottom, green/red, and white) within the leaves. In most of the samples, higher GSL content was observed in the proximal half and white sections and the middle layers of the leaves. GSLs are regarded as allelochemicals; hence, the data related to the patterns of GSLs within the leaf and between leaves at a different position could be useful to understand the defense mechanism of Brassica plants. The observed variability could be useful for breeders to develop Brassica cultivars with high GSL content or specific profiles of GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Rhee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Susanna Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Jae-Eun Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - On-Sook Hur
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Na-Young Ro
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Ae-Jin Hwang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
| | - Ho-Cheol Ko
- Client Service Division, Planning and Coordination Bureau, RDA, Jeonju 54875, Korea;
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca signaling Network, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Korea;
| | - Jae-Jong Noh
- Jeonbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Iksan 54591, Korea;
| | - Awraris Derbie Assefa
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.R.); (S.C.); (J.-E.L.); (O.-S.H.); (N.-Y.R.); (A.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4902
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Zuluaga DL, Graham NS, Klinder A, van Ommen Kloeke AEE, Marcotrigiano AR, Wagstaff C, Verkerk R, Sonnante G, Aarts MGM. Overexpression of the MYB29 transcription factor affects aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis in Brassica oleracea. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:65-79. [PMID: 31190320 PMCID: PMC6695347 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of BoMYB29 gene up-regulates the aliphatic glucosinolate pathway in Brassica oleracea plants increasing the production of the anti-cancer metabolite glucoraphanin, and the toxic and pungent sinigrin. Isothiocyanates, the bio-active hydrolysis products of glucosinolates, naturally produced by several Brassicaceae species, play an important role in human health and agriculture. This study aims at correlating the content of aliphatic glucosinolates to the expression of genes involved in their synthesis in Brassica oleracea, and perform functional analysis of BoMYB29 gene. To this purpose, three genotypes were used: a sprouting broccoli, a cabbage, and a wild genotype (Winspit), a high glucosinolate containing accession. Winspit showed the highest transcript level of BoMYB28, BoMYB29 and BoAOP2 genes, and BoAOP2 expression was positively correlated with that of the two MYB genes. Further analyses of the aliphatic glucosinolates also showed a positive correlation between the expression of BoAOP2 and the production of sinigrin and gluconapin in Winspit. The Winspit BoMYB29 CDS was cloned and overexpressed in Winspit and in the DH AG1012 line. Overexpressing Winspit plants produced higher quantities of alkenyl glucosinolates, such as sinigrin. Conversely, the DH AG1012 transformants showed a higher production of methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, including glucoraphanin, and, despite an up-regulation of the aliphatic glucosinolate genes, no increase in alkenyl glucosinolates. The latter may be explained by the absence of a functional AOP2 gene in DH AG1012. Nevertheless, an extract of DH AG1012 lines overexpressing BoMYB29 provided a chemoprotective effect on human colon cells. This work exemplifies how the genetic diversity of B. oleracea may be used by breeders to select for higher expression of transcription factors for glucosinolate biosynthesis to improve its natural, health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Zuluaga
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Neil S. Graham
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD Leicestershire UK
| | - Annett Klinder
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - A. E. Elaine van Ommen Kloeke
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Ruud Verkerk
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Sonnante
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Müller-Maatsch J, Gurtner K, Carle R, Björn Steingass C. Investigation into the removal of glucosinolates and volatiles from anthocyanin-rich extracts of red cabbage. Food Chem 2019; 278:406-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Singh J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Rapid and Efficient Desulfonation Method for the Analysis of Glucosinolates by High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11100-11108. [PMID: 29161816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of our present research was to develop a simple and rapid method for the quantitation of desulfoglucosinolates (desulfoGLS) without using column chromatography. The proposed method involves extraction, concentration, incubation of glucosinolates with a sulfatase enzyme, and HPLC analysis. Identification of desulfoGLS in green kohlrabi was performed by LC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS in positive-ionization mode. A total of 11 desulfoGLS were identified with neoglucobrassicin (3.32 ± 0.05 μmol/g DW) as the predominant indolyl, whereas progoitrin and sinigrin were the major aliphatic desulfoGLS. The levels of the aliphatic desulfoGLS glucoiberin, progoitrin, and glucoerucin at 7 h were found to be 3.6-, 1.9-, and 1.6-fold higher, respectively, than those produced through the conventional method. This technique was successfully applied in the identification of desulfoGLS from cabbage. The developed method has fewer unit operations, has maximum recovery, and is reproducible in the determination of desulfoGLS in a large number of Brassicaceae samples in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashbir Singh
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Guddadarangavvanahally K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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7
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Doheny-Adams T, Redeker K, Kittipol V, Bancroft I, Hartley SE. Development of an efficient glucosinolate extraction method. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:17. [PMID: 28344636 PMCID: PMC5361809 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucosinolates, anionic sulfur rich secondary metabolites, have been extensively studied because of their occurrence in the agriculturally important brassicaceae and their impact on human and animal health. There is also increasing interest in the biofumigant properties of toxic glucosinolate hydrolysis products as a method to control agricultural pests. Evaluating biofumigation potential requires rapid and accurate quantification of glucosinolates, but current commonly used methods of extraction prior to analysis involve a number of time consuming and hazardous steps; this study aimed to develop an improved method for glucosinolate extraction. RESULTS Three methods previously used to extract glucosinolates from brassicaceae tissues, namely extraction in cold methanol, extraction in boiling methanol, and extraction in boiling water were compared across tissue type (root, stem leaf) and four brassicaceae species (B. juncea, S. alba, R. sativus, and E. sativa). Cold methanol extraction was shown to perform as well or better than all other tested methods for extraction of glucosinolates with the exception of glucoraphasatin in R. sativus shoots. It was also demonstrated that lyophilisation methods, routinely used during extraction to allow tissue disruption, can reduce final glucosinolate concentrations and that extracting from frozen wet tissue samples in cold 80% methanol is more effective. CONCLUSIONS We present a simplified method for extracting glucosinolates from plant tissues which does not require the use of a freeze drier or boiling methanol, and is therefore less hazardous, and more time and cost effective. The presented method has been shown to have comparable or improved glucosinolate extraction efficiency relative to the commonly used ISO method for major glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae species studied: sinigrin and gluconasturtiin in B. juncea; sinalbin, glucotropaeolin, and gluconasturtiin in S. alba; glucoraphenin and glucoraphasatin in R. sativus; and glucosatavin, glucoerucin and glucoraphanin in E. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Doheny-Adams
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - K. Redeker
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - V. Kittipol
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - I. Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - S. E. Hartley
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
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8
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Doheny-Adams T, Redeker K, Kittipol V, Bancroft I, Hartley SE. Development of an efficient glucosinolate extraction method. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:17. [PMID: 28344636 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0164-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucosinolates, anionic sulfur rich secondary metabolites, have been extensively studied because of their occurrence in the agriculturally important brassicaceae and their impact on human and animal health. There is also increasing interest in the biofumigant properties of toxic glucosinolate hydrolysis products as a method to control agricultural pests. Evaluating biofumigation potential requires rapid and accurate quantification of glucosinolates, but current commonly used methods of extraction prior to analysis involve a number of time consuming and hazardous steps; this study aimed to develop an improved method for glucosinolate extraction. RESULTS Three methods previously used to extract glucosinolates from brassicaceae tissues, namely extraction in cold methanol, extraction in boiling methanol, and extraction in boiling water were compared across tissue type (root, stem leaf) and four brassicaceae species (B. juncea, S. alba, R. sativus, and E. sativa). Cold methanol extraction was shown to perform as well or better than all other tested methods for extraction of glucosinolates with the exception of glucoraphasatin in R. sativus shoots. It was also demonstrated that lyophilisation methods, routinely used during extraction to allow tissue disruption, can reduce final glucosinolate concentrations and that extracting from frozen wet tissue samples in cold 80% methanol is more effective. CONCLUSIONS We present a simplified method for extracting glucosinolates from plant tissues which does not require the use of a freeze drier or boiling methanol, and is therefore less hazardous, and more time and cost effective. The presented method has been shown to have comparable or improved glucosinolate extraction efficiency relative to the commonly used ISO method for major glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae species studied: sinigrin and gluconasturtiin in B. juncea; sinalbin, glucotropaeolin, and gluconasturtiin in S. alba; glucoraphenin and glucoraphasatin in R. sativus; and glucosatavin, glucoerucin and glucoraphanin in E. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Doheny-Adams
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - K Redeker
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - V Kittipol
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - I Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - S E Hartley
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD UK
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9
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Sinigrin and sinalbin quantification in mustard seed using high performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Silva E, Gerritsen L, Dekker M, van der Linden E, Scholten E. High amounts of broccoli in pasta-like products: nutritional evaluation and sensory acceptability. Food Funct 2014; 4:1700-8. [PMID: 24108199 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pasta and noodles were enriched with concentrations of broccoli powder (BP) up to 30% (v/v). To ensure the benefits from the broccoli nutrients, their leakage during cooking should be prevented. Such leakage is determined by the microstructure. In a previous study we have shown that the microstructure can change dramatically in such broccoli-enriched products. In this article we investigated the amount of nutrients retained within the product. As a representative of nutrients we have chosen glucosinolates (GLs). Therefore, we have investigated the concentration of these phytochemicals in dried and cooked pasta and noodles. We have found that glucosinolates present in the pasta and noodles increase linearly with the volume fraction of BP up to 20%. At 30% BP the retained amount of GLs was equal to that of 20% BP and did not increase further. Therefore incorporation of 30% BP does not lead to additional health benefits over incorporation of 20% BP. We conclude that the nutritional function of our pasta-like products can be improved by enrichment up to 20% broccoli. This value is much higher than that found in common commercial products (which is a few percent). In this article we also briefly address the sensory acceptability of such products. Up to 20% broccoli the products turned out to remain acceptable. Combining this with our results on texture analysis we conclude that the GLs release, sensory acceptability and textural properties are related via the microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Silva
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Hennig K, Verkerk R, Dekker M, Bonnema G. Quantitative trait loci analysis of non-enzymatic glucosinolate degradation rates in Brassica oleracea during food processing. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2323-2334. [PMID: 23748744 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and mechanistic studies show health-promoting effects of glucosinolates and their breakdown products. In literature, differences in non-enzymatic glucosinolate degradation rates during food processing between different vegetables are described, which provide the basis for studying the genetic effects of this trait and breeding vegetables with high glucosinolate retention during food processing. Non-enzymatic glucosinolate degradation, induced by heat, was studied in a publicly available Brassica oleracea doubled haploid population. Data were modeled to obtain degradation rate constants that were used as phenotypic traits to perform quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Glucosinolate degradation rate constants were determined for five aliphatic and two indolic glucosinolates. Degradation rates were independent of the initial glucosinolate concentration. Two QTL were identified for the degradation rate of the indolic glucobrassicin and one QTL for the degradation of the aliphatic glucoraphanin, which co-localized with one of the QTL for glucobrassicin. Factors within the plant matrix might influence the degradation of different glucosinolates in different genotypes. In addition to genotypic effects, we demonstrated that growing conditions influenced glucosinolate degradation as well. The study identified QTL for glucosinolate degradation, giving the opportunity to breed vegetables with a high retention of glucosinolates during food processing, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hennig
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Lee JG, Bonnema G, Zhang N, Kwak JH, de Vos RCH, Beekwilder J. Evaluation of glucosinolate variation in a collection of turnip (Brassica rapa) germplasm by the analysis of intact and desulfo glucosinolates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3984-93. [PMID: 23528157 DOI: 10.1021/jf400890p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLS) are secondary metabolites occurring in cruciferous species. These compounds are important for plant defense, human health, and the characteristic flavor of Brassica vegetables. In this study, the GLS in tubers from a collection of 48 turnip ( Brassica rapa ) accessions from different geographic origin were analyzed. Two different methods were used: desulfo GLS were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, and intact GLS were analyzed by accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. For most GLS, desulfo and intact signals correlated well, and the analytical reproducibility for individual GLS was similar for both methods. A total of 11 different GLS was monitored in the turnip tubers, through both intact and desulfo GLS analysis methods. Four clusters of accessions could be clearly distinguished based on GLS composition of the turnip tuber. Clustering based on tuber GLS differed markedly from a previously published clustering based on leaf GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu Lee
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Department of Horticultural Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 440-706, Korea
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Hennig K, Verkerk R, Bonnema G, Dekker M. Rapid estimation of glucosinolate thermal degradation rate constants in leaves of Chinese kale and broccoli (Brassica oleracea) in two seasons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7859-7865. [PMID: 22816876 DOI: 10.1021/jf300710x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic modeling was used as a tool to quantitatively estimate glucosinolate thermal degradation rate constants. Literature shows that thermal degradation rates differ in different vegetables. Well-characterized plant material, leaves of broccoli and Chinese kale plants grown in two seasons, was used in the study. It was shown that a first-order reaction is appropriate to model glucosinolate degradation independent from the season. No difference in degradation rate constants of structurally identical glucosinolates was found between broccoli and Chinese kale leaves when grown in the same season. However, glucosinolate degradation rate constants were highly affected by the season (20-80% increase in spring compared to autumn). These results suggest that differences in glucosinolate degradation rate constants can be due to variation in environmental as well as genetic factors. Furthermore, a methodology to estimate rate constants rapidly is provided to enable the analysis of high sample numbers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hennig
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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