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Olujimi O, Ajakore S, Abuganloye D, Arowolo T, Steiner O, Goessler W, Towolawi T. Levels of toxic and trace metals in the breast milk of lactating mothers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:168-173. [PMID: 37649468 PMCID: PMC10462791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Breast milk is an essential source of nutrients and energy for infants. The study analyzed for the levels of essential, toxic and rare earth elements in the breast milk of lactating mothers within Abeokuta metropolis. Materials and methods Thirty-seven (37) breast milk samples were collected with consents of lactating mothers at Ogun State General Hospital in Abeokuta. The samples were digested using standard method and analyzed for essential, toxic and rare earth elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Results The results showed higher concentrations of toxic elements than essential elements in the breast milk of lactating mothers, where five toxic metals: Ag, Ti, V, Pb and Ba were observed to be present in 11, 14, 15, 17 and 23 breast milk samples respectively. Two essential (P and S) and two toxic (Cd and Hg (except sample 19)) elements were observed to be present in all the breast milk samples. Rare Earth Elements (except Sr, U and Rb) were below the detection limit of the instrument. Though three breast milk samples (12, 14 and 17) were observed safe, they contained two toxic (Cd and Hg) and a rare earth trace (Rb) element. Conclusion It could be concluded that despite the inherent benefits of human breast milk with essential elements to the infants, it can still be a source of toxic and trace earth metals contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Olujimi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon Ajakore
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola Abuganloye
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Toyin Arowolo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oliver Steiner
- Institute for Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitaesplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute for Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitaesplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Taofeek Towolawi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Nazlıcan E, Arıca E, Gören İE, Kılınçlı B, Mete B, Daglioglu N. The risk estimation and assessment of heavy metal exposure by biomonitoring in the breast milk of mothers in the Cukurova Region, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13963-13970. [PMID: 34599714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals released into the environment through various industrial processes have potential adverse effects on the environment and human health. In order to reveal these adverse health effects, it is vital to carry out toxicological studies by performing biomonitoring. This study aimed to assess the level of Cr, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the breast milk samples of mothers in the Cukurova region, Turkey, and its association with health risk to infants. Ten-milliliter postpartum milk samples were collected from 34 breast-feeding mothers in the first 2 months of their postpartum period and living in the Cukurova region, Adana. The measurement of target heavy metals levels was performed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The average breast milk levels of Cr, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 8.25, 1.64, 0.37, 2.60, and 12.12 μg/L, respectively. Evaluation of breast milk samples for these toxic heavy metals revealed the high exposure level for Cr and As. However, the mothers who participated in the study were not occupationally exposed to these metals. This study showed that Cr, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb cross the placenta and blood-brain barrier prenatally and accumulate in breast milk postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Nazlıcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Enes Arıca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ethem Gören
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Betül Kılınçlı
- Department of Food Chemistry, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Burak Mete
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nebile Daglioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
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Rodzik A, Pomastowski P, Sagandykova GN, Buszewski B. Interactions of Whey Proteins with Metal Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062156. [PMID: 32245108 PMCID: PMC7139725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey proteins tend to interact with metal ions, which have implications in different fields related to human life quality. There are two impacts of such interactions: they can provide opportunities for applications in food and nutraceuticals, but may lead to analytical challenges related to their study and outcomes for food processing, storage, and food interactions. Moreover, interactions of whey proteins with metal ions are complicated, requiring deep understanding, leading to consequences, such as metalloproteins, metallocomplexes, nanoparticles, or aggregates, creating a biologically active system. To understand the phenomena of metal–protein interactions, it is important to develop analytical approaches combined with studies of changes in the biological activity and to analyze the impact of such interactions on different fields. The aim of this review was to discuss chemistry of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and lactotransferrin, their interactions with different metal ions, analytical techniques used to study them and the implications for food and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rodzik
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (G.N.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-6114308; Fax: +48-56-6656038
| | - Gulyaim N. Sagandykova
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (G.N.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (G.N.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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4
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Novel method for metalloproteins determination in human breast milk by size exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:209-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cerbino MR, Vieira JCS, Braga CP, Oliveira G, Padilha IF, Silva TM, Zara LF, Silva NJ, Padilha PM. Metalloproteomics Approach to Analyze Mercury in Breast Milk and Hair Samples of Lactating Women in Communities of the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:216-226. [PMID: 28547667 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a potentially toxic element that is present in the environment of the Brazilian Amazon and is responsible for adverse health effects in humans. This study sought to assess possible protein biomarkers of mercury exposure in breast milk samples from lactating women in the Madeira and Negro Rivers in the Brazilian Amazon. The mercury content of hair samples of lactating women was determined, and the proteome of breast milk samples was obtained using two-dimensional electrophoresis after protein precipitation with acetone. Mercury measurements of protein spots obtained via protein fractionation were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), and it was observed that mercury is linked to proteins with molecular masses in the range of 14-26 kDa. The total mercury concentration was also determined by GFAAS in unprocessed milk, lyophilized milk, and protein pellets, with the purpose of determining the mercury mass balance in relation to the concentration of this element in milk and pellets. Approximately 85 to 97% of mercury present in the lyophilized milk from samples of lactating women of the Madeira River is bound in the protein fraction. From lactating women of the Negro River, approximately 49% of the total mercury is bound in the protein fraction, and a difference of 51% is bound in the lipid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Cerbino
- Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - C P Braga
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - G Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - I F Padilha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Silva
- College of Planaltina, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - L F Zara
- College of Planaltina, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - N J Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - P M Padilha
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Lee S, Rivera OC, Kelleher SL. Zinc transporter 2 interacts with vacuolar ATPase and is required for polarization, vesicle acidification, and secretion in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21598-21613. [PMID: 29114036 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important feature of the mammary gland is its ability to undergo profound morphological, physiological, and intracellular changes to establish and maintain secretory function. During this process, key polarity proteins and receptors are recruited to the surface of mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and the vesicle transport system develops and matures. However, the intracellular mechanisms responsible for the development of secretory function in these cells are unclear. The vesicular zinc (Zn2+) transporter ZnT2 is critical for appropriate mammary gland architecture, and ZnT2 deletion is associated with cytoplasmic Zn2+ accumulation, loss of secretory function and lactation failure. The underlying mechanisms are important to understand as numerous mutations and non-synonymous genetic variation in ZnT2 have been detected in women that result in severe Zn2+ deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants. Here we found that ZnT2 deletion in lactating mice and cultured MECs resulted in Zn2+-mediated degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which impaired intercellular junction formation, prolactin receptor trafficking, and alveolar lumen development. Moreover, ZnT2 directly interacted with vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), and ZnT2 deletion impaired vesicle biogenesis, acidification, trafficking, and secretion. In summary, our findings indicate that ZnT2 and V-ATPase interact and that this interaction critically mediates polarity establishment, alveolar development, and secretory function in the lactating mammary gland. Our observations implicate disruption in ZnT2 function as a modifier of secretory capacity and lactation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | | | - Shannon L Kelleher
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, .,Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and.,Pharmacology, and.,the Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Bardanzellu F, Fanos V, Reali A. "Omics" in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Looking to Old Data with New Eyes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E843. [PMID: 28783113 PMCID: PMC5579636 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Milk (HM) is the best source for newborn nutrition until at least six months; it exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, promotes immune system formation and supports organ development. Breastfeeding could also protect from obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, human colostrum (HC) presents a peculiar role in newborn support as a protective effect against allergic and chronic diseases, in addition to long-term metabolic benefits. In this review, we discuss the recent literature regarding "omics" technologies and growth factors (GF) in HC and the effects of pasteurization on its composition. Our aim was to provide new evidence in terms of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, also in relation to maternal metabolic diseases and/or fetal anomalies and to underline the functions of GF. Since HC results are so precious, particularly for the vulnerable pre-terms category, we also discuss the importance of HM pasteurization to ensure donated HC even to neonates whose mothers are unable to provide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review analyzing in detail the molecular pattern, microbiota, bioactive factors, and dynamic profile of HC, finding clinical correlations of such mediators with their possible in vivo effects and with the consequent impact on neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Reali
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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Bansa DK, Awua AK, Boatin R, Adom T, Brown-Appiah EC, Amewosina KK, Diaba A, Datoghe D, Okwabi W. Cross-sectional assessment of infants' exposure to toxic metals through breast milk in a prospective cohort study of mining communities in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:505. [PMID: 28545513 PMCID: PMC5445457 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although breastfeeding of infants is recommended globally, the fact that maternal toxic metal stores are mobilised into breast milk implies infants, whose mothers live and work in mining communities, are at risk of multiple exposure to mining related toxic metals, such as Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As), through breast milk intake, in addition to in utero exposure. Method A total of 114 mother-baby pairs, recruited from two community hospitals servicing mining communities in two different regions in Ghana (57 each), were involved in this study. When the babies were 3 months old, the amount of breast milk intake, concentrations of selected toxic metals in the breast milk and therefore the amount of toxic metals exposure through breast milk were determined. The study also, determined the amount of these toxic metals in the hair and urine of each mother-baby pair at 3 months postpartum. Results Based on the amounts of milk intake and non-milk oral intakes (geometric mean of 0.701 (95% CL 0.59–0.81) Kg/day and median of 0.22 Kg/day respectively), 90% of the babies were determined to have been exclusively breastfed. The amounts of most of the toxic metals in breast milk were higher than the WHO set limits and for 46.4%, 33.3% and 4.4% of the babies, their intake of As, Hg and Pb respectively were above the WHO provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) values. Conclusion An appreciable proportion of babies living within the communities served by the Mangoasi Community Hospital in the Obuasi Municipality of the Ashanti Region and the Dompime Health Centre in the Tarkwa Municipality of the Western Region were exposed to Hg, As and Pb through breast milk in excess of what they should and these may have health implication for the infants and therefore calls for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kwaku Bansa
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adolf Kofi Awua
- Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Rose Boatin
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Theodosia Adom
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Christian Brown-Appiah
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Kwame Amewosina
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akusika Diaba
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dominic Datoghe
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
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9
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Lee S, Kelleher SL. Molecular regulation of lactation: The complex and requisite roles for zinc. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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