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Rawat P, Kumar B, Misra A, Singh SP, Srivastava S. Nutritional characterization of an underutilized legume Entada rheedii Spreng. seeds and validation of its folklore uses. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:650-655. [PMID: 36840636 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Entada rheedii seeds are a rich source of protein (23.99% ± 0.07), starch (42.04% ± 0.05) and potassium (1670.15 ppm ± 116.732). HPTLC-UV analysis (seeds) reveals galactose in considerable amount, that is, 2.60% ± 0.008. Additionally, the species is low in fat and anti-nutrient metabolites like tannin. Interestingly, the proximates in Entada seeds was found comparable with the commonly consumed legumes like cowpea, green gram, and so on. The species exhibits promising anti-radical, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. Data advocates the folklore use of E. rheedii seeds and can be a promising alternative source of dietary nutrition, fortified with medicinal value. Standardization and validation of scientific knowledge will bring such underutilized, low-cost legumes into daily dietary intake and are a promising source for Protein-Energy-Malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rawat
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhanu Kumar
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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2
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Rasul HO, Aziz BK, Ghafour DD, Kivrak A. Discovery of potential mTOR inhibitors from Cichorium intybus to find new candidate drugs targeting the pathological protein related to the breast cancer: an integrated computational approach. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1141-1162. [PMID: 35737256 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. It is a complex condition with many subtypes based on the hormone receptor. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates cell survival, metabolism, growth, and protein synthesis in response to upstream signals in both normal physiological and pathological situations, primarily in cancer. The objective of this study was to screen for a potential target to inhibit the mTOR using a variety of inhibitors derived from Cichorium intybus and to identify the one with the highest binding affinity for the receptor protein. Initially, AutoDock Vina was used to perform structure-based virtual screening, as protein-like interactions are critical in drug development. For the comparative analysis, 110 components of Cichorium intybus were employed and ten FDA-approved anticancer medicines, including everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor. Further, the drug-likeness and ADMET properties were investigated to evaluate the anti-breast cancer activity by applying Lipinski's rule of five to the selected molecules. The promising candidates were then subjected to three replica molecular dynamics simulations run for 100 ns, followed by binding free energy estimation using MM-GBSA. The data were analyzed using root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), and protein-ligand interactions to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. Based on the results, taraxerone (98) revealed optimum binding affinities with mTOR, followed by stigmasterol (110) and rutin (104), which compared favorably to the control compounds. Subsequently, bioactive compounds derived from Cichorium intybus may serve as lead molecules for developing potent and effective mTOR inhibitors to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezha O Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicals and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, 46023, Iraq.
| | - Bakhtyar K Aziz
- Department of Nanoscience and Applied Chemistry, College of Medicals and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, 46023, Iraq
| | - Dlzar D Ghafour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, 46001, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, 46001, Iraq
| | - Arif Kivrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26040, Turkey
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Matvieieva N, Bessarabov V, Khainakova O, Duplij V, Bohdanovych T, Ratushnyak Y, Kuzmina G, Lisovyi V, Zderko N, Kobylinska N. Cichorium intybus L. “hairy” roots as a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14516. [PMID: 37101499 PMCID: PMC10123141 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the bioactive profile of various extracts of Cichorium intybus L. "hairy" roots. In particular, the total content of flavonoids as well as the reducing power, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous and ethanolic (70%) extracts were evaluated. The total content of flavonoids the ethanolic extract of the dry "hairy" root reached up to 121.3 mg (RE)/g, which was twofold greater than in the aqueous one. A total of 33 diverse polyphenols were identified by the LC-HRMS method. The experimental results showed a high amount of gallic (6.103 ± 0.008 mg/g) and caffeic (7.001 ± 0.068 mg/g) acids. In the "hairy" roots, the presence of rutin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, and its derivatives was found in concentrations of 0.201±0.003 - 6.710±0.052 mg/g. The broad spectrum of pharmacological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, etc.) of the key flavonoids identified in the chicory "hairy" root extract was predicted by the General Unrestricted Structure-Activity Relationships algorithm based on in the substances detected in the extract. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity showed that the EC50 values of the ethanol and the aqueous extracts were 0.174 and 0.346 mg, respectively. Thus, the higher ability of the ethanol extract to scavenge the DPPH radical was observed. The calculated Michaelis and inhibition constants indicated that the ethanolic extract of C. intybus "hairy" roots is an efficient inhibitor of soybean 15-Lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 84.13 ± 7.22 μM) in a mixed mechanism. Therefore, the obtained extracts could be the basis of herbal pharmaceuticals for the therapy of human diseases accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, including the pandemic coronavirus disease COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiia Matvieieva
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148 Zabolotnogo Str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Bessarabov
- Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 2 Nemyrovycha-Danchenko Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
| | - Olena Khainakova
- University of Oviedo, 8 Julián Claveria Av., Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Volodymyr Duplij
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148 Zabolotnogo Str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Taisa Bohdanovych
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148 Zabolotnogo Str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Yakiv Ratushnyak
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148 Zabolotnogo Str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Galina Kuzmina
- Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 2 Nemyrovycha-Danchenko Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
| | - Vadym Lisovyi
- Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 2 Nemyrovycha-Danchenko Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
| | - Nazar Zderko
- Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 2 Nemyrovycha-Danchenko Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Kobylinska
- Dumansky Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 42 akad. Vernadskoho Blvd., Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
- Corresponding author.
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Łaska G, Sieniawska E, Maciejewska-Turska M, Świątek Ł, Pasco DS, Balachandran P. Pulsatilla vulgaris Inhibits Cancer Proliferation in Signaling Pathways of 12 Reporter Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021139. [PMID: 36674653 PMCID: PMC9860614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine if methanolic extracts of Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. can inhibit HeLa cell proliferation through the modulation of cancer-related signaling pathways. The cytotoxicity and chemical composition of P. vulgaris leaves and root extracts were also determined. Research showed that root extract of P. vulgaris inhibited 12 signaling pathways in a cervical cancer cell line and the most potent activation inhibition was observed for MYC, Notch, Wnt, E2F, Ets, Stat3, Smad, Hdghog, AP-1, and NF-κB, at a concentration of 40 µg/mL. The methanolic extracts of P. vulgaris enhanced apoptotic death and deregulated cellular proliferation, differentiation, and progression toward the neoplastic phenotype by altering key signaling molecules required for cell cycle progression. This is the first study to report the influence of P. vulgaris on cancer signaling pathways. Additionally, our detailed phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extracts of P. vulgaris gives a conclusion that compounds, which strongly suppressed the growth and proliferation of HeLa cancer cells were mainly triterpenoid saponins accompanied by phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Łaska
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska-Turska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - David S. Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Tardugno R, Cicero N, Costa R, Nava V, Vadalà R. Exploring Lignans, a Class of Health Promoting Compounds, in a Variety of Edible Oils from Brazil. Foods 2022; 11:1386. [PMID: 35626956 PMCID: PMC9141677 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans, a group of polyphenols, have been identified in eight cold pressed oils from fruits, nuts, and seeds, retrieved from the Brazilian market. The oils under investigation were avocado, Brazilian nut, canola, coconut, grapeseed, macadamia, palm, and pequi. Olive oil was selected as a reference oil, since numerous data on its lignan content are available in literature. The qualitative and quantitative profiles were obtained, after extraction, by means of UFLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses. The total lignan content showed a high variability, ranging from 0.69 mg·Kg-1 (pequi) to 7.12 mg·Kg-1 (grapeseed), with the highest content registered for olive oil. Seven lignans were quantified, matairesinol and pinoresinol being the most abundant. The LC-MS/MS method was validated, showing linearity in the range of 12.5-212.5 mg·Kg-1, LOD in the range of 0.18-11.37 mg·Kg-1, and LOQ in the range of 0.53-34.45 mg·Kg-1. Additionally, part of the study was focused on the evaluation of the flavor profile, this being a key element in consumers' evaluations, by means of HS-SPME-GC. In total, 150 volatile compounds were determined in the eight oils, with identified fractions ranging from 91.85% (avocado) to 96.31% (canola), with an average value of 94.1%. Groups of components contributed characteristically to the flavour of each oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tardugno
- Science4Life s.r.l., Spin Off Company, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.T.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Science4Life s.r.l., Spin Off Company, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.T.); (N.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.N.); (R.V.)
- Consorzio di Ricerca sul Rischio Biologico in Agricoltura (Co.Ri.Bi.A.), 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.N.); (R.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.N.); (R.V.)
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.N.); (R.V.)
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Zumbo A, Tardiolo G, Genovese C, Sutera AM, Raccuia SA, D'Alessandro E. Cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) seeds presscake: a natural by-product for pigs feeding. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4557-4562. [PMID: 34689664 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1993218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cardoon seeds presscake is a natural by-product resulting from the mechanical treatment of the cardoon plant seeds. The chemical composition suggests its possible use in animal nutrition due to the content of proteins, fibre, lipids and biologically active substances. The presscake studied contained 7.1% of fat, 26.8% of fibre, 23.9% of protein, 37.1% of nitrogen-free extract and a goodly phenolic content (13.36 mg GAE g-1 DW). The major fatty acids were oleic (26.5%) and linoleic (58.4%), showing a high degree of unsaturation. This study evaluated for the first time the inclusion of the cardoon presscake in pigs' diet. The effects of the dietary treatment on meat quality and fatty acids profile were assessed. The results indicate that the intramuscular fat (IMF) was higher in the untreated animals. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were lower in the IMF of the treated pigs, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zumbo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tardiolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Genovese
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sutera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonino Raccuia
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
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Alesci A, Miller A, Tardugno R, Pergolizzi S. Chemical analysis, biological and therapeutic activities of Olea europaea L. extracts. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2932-2945. [PMID: 34160309 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1922404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Olea europaea L. is a very well-known and widely used plant, especially for its nutritional qualities. Its extracts from leaves and fruits are widely used in contrasting and preventing various pathologies. In this review, the collected data highlight important chemical analyses and biological effects of this plant extracts. It exhibits cholesterol-lowering, hypoglycemic, cytotoxic, antibacterial, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypotensive activities. The results show that extracts from O. europaea could be used as a food additive in the supplementary treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Tardugno
- Science4life s.r.l., Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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8
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Ghidoli M, Colombo F, Sangiorgio S, Landoni M, Giupponi L, Nielsen E, Pilu R. Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19? Front Nutr 2021; 8:661331. [PMID: 34222300 PMCID: PMC8247467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since in late 2019, when the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread all over the world, causing the awful global pandemic we are still experiencing, an impressive number of biologists, infectious disease scientists, virologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and other researchers working in laboratories of all the advanced countries focused their research on the setting up of biotechnological tools, namely vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as of rational design of drugs for therapeutic approaches. While vaccines have been quickly obtained, no satisfactory anti-Covid-19 preventive, or therapeutic approach has so far been discovered and approved. However, among the possible ways to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention or mitigation, there is one route, i.e., the diet, which until now has had little consideration. In fact, in the edible parts of plants supplying our food, there are a fair number of secondary metabolites mainly belonging to the large class of the flavonoids, endowed with antiviral or other health beneficial activities such as immunostimulating or anti-inflammatory action that could play a role in contributing to some extent to prevent or alleviate the viral infection and/or counteract the development of SARS induced by the novel coronavirus. In this review, a number of bioactive phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, proven to be capable of providing some degree of protection against COVID-19, are browsed, illustrating their beneficial properties and mechanisms of action as well as their distribution in cultivated plant species which supply food for the human diet. Furthermore, room is also given to information regarding the amount in food, the resistance to cooking processes and, as a very important feature, the degree of bioavailability of these compounds. Concluding, remarks and perspectives for future studies aimed at increasing and improving knowledge and the possibility of using this natural complementary therapy to counteract COVID-19 and other viral pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
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Tardugno R, Gervasi T, Nava V, Cammilleri G, Ferrantelli V, Cicero N. Nutritional and mineral composition of persimmon fruits ( Diospyros kaki L.) from Central and Southern Italy. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5168-5173. [PMID: 33960220 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1921768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the nutritional and mineral composition of Diospyros kaki fruits from Apulia, Campania, Lazio, Sardinia and Sicily regions was evaluated. Dietary fiber, mineral, pectin, polyphenol, and protein contents were evaluated. Particularly high are the contents of the dietary fiber and pectins. The mineral elements profile was interesting due to its modest content of sodium and high potassium concentration. Protein amounts were in line with the quantities for this fruit. The total polyphenol content of the fruits analysed was very variable, interesting for the quantities found both total and gallic acid. The results obtained confirmed the nutritional value of this fruit even for special dietary regimens such as hypertension and heart diseases and the genuineness of its cultivation in Central-Southern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tardugno
- Science4life, Spin company University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A. Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Cicero
- Science4life, Spin company University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ignat MV, Coldea TE, Salanță LC, Mudura E. Plants of the Spontaneous Flora with Beneficial Action in the Management of Diabetes, Hepatic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020216. [PMID: 33498684 PMCID: PMC7911329 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current pharmacological agents advised for the management of diabetes as well as cardiovascular and hepatic diseases are subject to numerous studies for safety and efficacy. Therefore, it is worth looking into alternative therapeutic aids such as natural products of medicinal plants. By a broad review of in vitro and in vivo studies on the various dandelion, chicory, and mulberry extracts, this work highlights their bioactive compounds and therapeutic action when used as a prevention and management aid in public health such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic disorders like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Natural products of dandelion leaves and root extracts can suppress the development of liver cancer, decrease insulin resistance, and suppress total triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Recent studies on mulberry leaves extracts indicated that they could decrease palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity, increase total cholesterol and bile acid excretion, improve superoxide dismutase expression, and improve insulin resistance. Chicory root extracts boost satiety, reverse insulin resistance, and augment lipid metabolism thanks to their contents in chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and polysaccharides. Taraxacum officinale L., Morus nigra L., and Cichorium intybus L. present hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic activities and are shown to be advantageous in the management of obesity, dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. These plants are commonly available in the European spontaneous flora and more attention could be paid to their natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valentina Ignat
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
| | - Liana Claudia Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Elena Mudura
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-749-054-055
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Epure A, Pârvu AE, Vlase L, Benedec D, Hanganu D, Gheldiu AM, Toma VA, Oniga I. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Cardioprotective and Nephroprotective Activity of Romanian Chicory Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E64. [PMID: 33396775 PMCID: PMC7823840 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the methanol extract and tincture obtained from the spontaneous Romanian Cichorium intybus species, in order to evaluate polyphenols content and some biological properties. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were used for the analysis of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity was assessed in vitro with DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazil) and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) tests. The cardio-protective effects of Cichorii herba tincture on myocardial ischemia induced by isoprenaline and nephroprotection on renal failure induced by gentamicin were evaluated on rats. Also, aspartate aminotrasferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) were measured. The antioxidant effect was evaluated by determining total oxidative stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondyaldehide (MDA), total thiols (SH) and total nitrites and nitrates (NOx). Cichoric acid was the main polyphenolic compound. The extracts had moderate in vitro antioxidant activity but the in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were significant and associated with myocardial and renal dysfunction improvement. The results were attributed to the content of polyphenols in the extracts, for which reason C. intybus may be considered an important raw material for pharmaceuticals formulations recommended in the prevention or treatment of heart or kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Epure
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Alina E. Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vlad Al. Toma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeș Bolyai” University, 11 Arany János Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
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12
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Chandra Singh M, Kelso C, Price WE, Probst Y. Validated liquid chromatography separation methods for identification and quantification of anthocyanins in fruit and vegetables: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109754. [PMID: 33292937 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Food composition data are challenged by data availability and quality. Anthocyanins are the bright colored pigments found in fruits and vegetables with growing evidence for health benefits. For the estimation of anthocyanin content in the foods, it is imperative to find an ideal analytical method. To quantify anthocyanin components, liquid chromatography-based methods are commonly used. This review addresses the variability of liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry (MS) methods for the identification and quantification of anthocyanins. Published studies for all years until February 2020 reporting LC methods for anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables were screened from 7660 studies. Only 29 studies met the eligibility criteria of method type and of these, only 13 studies reported a validated LC method. A wide range of validation parameters were identified including specificity, calibration, stability, and limits of detection. Differences in the sampling amounts for extraction were observed in all of the included studies. The quantification of multiple anthocyanin types without their corresponding analytical standards was observed in eight studies. The included 13 studies used reverse phase liquid chromatography separation with C18 type or similar stationary phases and acidified aqueous or acidified aqueous: organic (usually methanol or acetonitrile) binary gradient mobile phases. Although all of the studies used mass spectrometry for identification, ultraviolet absorbance quantification was often used in conjunction with a photo-diode array (DAD/PDA) detector using reference standards where available. Extraction and preparation of samples remains the key concern for analysis as the oxidative stability of anthocyanins are a major impediment for accurate quantification of the components in foods. This review provides a summary of validated LC methods to assist analysts and nutritionists in the quantification of anthocyanin food components as the nutrient profiles of foods are challenged by the variability of the analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Chandra Singh
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Celine Kelso
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - William E Price
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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13
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Diaconeasa Z, Știrbu I, Xiao J, Leopold N, Ayvaz Z, Danciu C, Ayvaz H, Stǎnilǎ A, Nistor M, Socaciu C. Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E336. [PMID: 32916849 PMCID: PMC7555344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins' preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to emphasize the most recent improvements on the anticarcinogenic effects of anthocyanins from different plant sources, with an in-depth emphasis on melanoma skin cancer. We also briefly summarized the anthocyanin chemistry, their rich dietary sources in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, as well as their associated potential health benefits. Additionally, the importance of anthocyanins in topical applications such as their use in cosmetics is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorița Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Știrbu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Zayde Ayvaz
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Technology Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Huseyin Ayvaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Andreea Stǎnilǎ
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mǎdǎlina Nistor
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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14
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Zanoni F, Primiterra M, Angeli N, Zoccatelli G. Microencapsulation by spray-drying of polyphenols extracted from red chicory and red cabbage: Effects on stability and color properties. Food Chem 2020; 307:125535. [PMID: 31639574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The research of antioxidants and natural pigments to replace synthetic molecules is increasingly considering wastes from plant food supply chains. Red chicory (RCH) and red cabbage (RCA) are rich sources of polyphenols (PP), especially anthocyanins, well know natural pigments possessing strong antioxidant capacity and beneficial health effects. The aim of this work was to compare different solvents for PP extraction and to evaluate the effect of spray-drying encapsulation using modified starch on PP, antioxidant capacity (AOC) and color properties. Methanol:water (70:30) showed the best extraction capacity, while ethanol:water (70:30) extracts displayed the highest thermal stability. Ethanol:water extracts were spray-dried with a yield of 95-99% for both crops, while the efficiency of PP encapsulation was 79% (RCA) and 88% (RCH). Encapsulation improved retention of PP and AOC upon thermal treatment (RCH: 20-30%, RCA: 44-55%) without altering color properties. This process can be employed for the development of functional foods and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanoni
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Verona, Italy; Sphera Encapsulation Srl, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Angeli
- MUSE, Limnology and Phycology Section, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Verona, Italy; Sphera Encapsulation Srl, Verona, Italy.
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15
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Cova CM, Boffa L, Pistocchi M, Giorgini S, Luque R, Cravotto G. Technology and Process Design for Phenols Recovery from Industrial Chicory ( Chicorium intybus) Leftovers. Molecules 2019; 24:E2681. [PMID: 31344799 PMCID: PMC6696165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetal leftovers from the agro-food industry represent a huge source of primary and secondary metabolites, vitamin, mineral salts and soluble as well as insoluble fibers. Economic reports on the growth in the polyphenol market have driven us to focus our investigation on chicory (Chicorium intybus L.), which is one of the most popular horticultural plants in the world and a rich source of phenolic compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and their simultaneous combination, using either ethanol/water or water alone (also sub-critical), have been investigated with the aim of designing a green and efficient extraction process. Higher total-polyphenol yields as well as dramatic reductions in extraction times and solvent consumption have been obtained under these conditions. ANOVA test for analyses of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test of multiple comparisons was used in the statistical analysis. MAE experiments performed with sub-critical water, and MW/US experiments with an ethanol solution have shown polyphenol recovery values of up to ~3 g of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg of fresh material in only 15 min, while conventional extraction required 240 min to obtain the same result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Maria Cova
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra Nnal IV, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Boffa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Pistocchi
- BioSphere Srl, Via Cellaimo, 3456, 47032 Bertinoro (FC), Italy
| | | | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra Nnal IV, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Assessment of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction as an Alternative Method for the Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Maqui Berries (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research interest regarding maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) has increased over the last years due to its potential health benefits as one of the most antioxidant-rich berries. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an advanced green, fast, and ecological extraction technique for the production of high quality extracts from natural products, so it has been proposed in this work as an ideal alternative extraction technique for obtaining extracts of high bioactivity from maqui berries. In order to determine the optimal conditions, the extraction variables (percentage of methanol, pH, temperature, ratio “sample mass/volume of solvent”, amplitude, and cycle) were analyzed by a Box-Behnken design, in conjunction with the response surface method. The statistical analysis revealed that the temperature and the percentage of methanol were the most influential variables on the extraction of the total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins, respectively. The optimal extraction time was determined at 15 min for total phenolic compounds, while it was only 5 min for anthocyanins. The developed methods showed a high precision level with a coefficient of variation of less than 5%. Finally, the new methods were successfully applied to several real samples. Subsequently, the results were compared to those that were obtained in previous experiments by means of microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Similar extraction yields were obtained for phenolic compounds under optimized conditions. However, UAE proved to be slightly more efficient than MAE in the extraction of anthocyanins.
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17
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Chemo-metric analysis of the polyphenolic profile of Cichorium intybus L. leaves grown on different water resources of Pakistan. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Effects of microwave cooking on carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) leaves. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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