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Aganovic K, Hertel C, Vogel RF, Johne R, Schlüter O, Schwarzenbolz U, Jäger H, Holzhauser T, Bergmair J, Roth A, Sevenich R, Bandick N, Kulling SE, Knorr D, Engel KH, Heinz V. Aspects of high hydrostatic pressure food processing: Perspectives on technology and food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3225-3266. [PMID: 34056857 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades saw a steady increase of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) used for treatment of foods. Although the science of biomaterials exposed to high pressure started more than a century ago, there still seem to be a number of unanswered questions regarding safety of foods processed using HHP. This review gives an overview on historical development and fundamental aspects of HHP, as well as on potential risks associated with HHP food applications based on available literature. Beside the combination of pressure and temperature, as major factors impacting inactivation of vegetative bacterial cells, bacterial endospores, viruses, and parasites, factors, such as food matrix, water content, presence of dissolved substances, and pH value, also have significant influence on their inactivation by pressure. As a result, pressure treatment of foods should be considered for specific food groups and in accordance with their specific chemical and physical properties. The pressure necessary for inactivation of viruses is in many instances slightly lower than that for vegetative bacterial cells; however, data for food relevant human virus types are missing due to the lack of methods for determining their infectivity. Parasites can be inactivated by comparatively lower pressure than vegetative bacterial cells. The degrees to which chemical reactions progress under pressure treatments are different to those of conventional thermal processes, for example, HHP leads to lower amounts of acrylamide and furan. Additionally, the formation of new unknown or unexpected substances has not yet been observed. To date, no safety-relevant chemical changes have been described for foods treated by HHP. Based on existing sensitization to non-HHP-treated food, the allergenic potential of HHP-treated food is more likely to be equivalent to untreated food. Initial findings on changes in packaging materials under HHP have not yet been adequately supported by scientific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Aganovic
- DIL German Institute of Food Technologies e.V., Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Christian Hertel
- DIL German Institute of Food Technologies e.V., Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany.,Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Henry Jäger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Holzhauser
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI), Langen, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Roth
- Senate Commission on Food Safety (DFG), IfADo, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Sevenich
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany.,Technical University of Berlin (TUB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Bandick
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Volker Heinz
- DIL German Institute of Food Technologies e.V., Quakenbrück, Germany
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High-pressure processing (HPP) of raw and dry-cured ham from experimentally infected pigs as a potential tool for the risk control of Toxoplasma gondii. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aibinu IE, Smooker PM, Lopata AL. Anisakis Nematodes in Fish and Shellfish- from infection to allergies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 9:384-393. [PMID: 31338296 PMCID: PMC6626974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anisakidosis is a zoonotic parasitosis induced by members of the family Anisakidae. The anisakid genera includes Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, Hysterothylacium and Contracaecum. The final definitive hosts of these nematodes are marine mammals with a complex life cycle. These nematode parasites use different crustaceans and fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts and humans are accidental hosts. Human anisakiasis, the infections caused by members of the genus Anisakis, occurs, when seafoods, particularly fish, contaminated with the infective stage (third stage larvae [L3]) of this parasite, are consumed. Pseudoterranovosis, on the other hand is induced by members of the genus Pseudoterranova. These two genera of anisakids have been implicated in human disease globally. There is a rise in reports of gastro-intestinal infections accompanied by allergic reactions caused by Anisakis simplex and Anisakis pegreffii. This review provides an update on current knowledge on Anisakis as a food-borne parasite with special focus on the increasingly reported diversity of fish and crustacean hosts, allergens and immunological cross-reactivity with invertebrate proteins rendering this parasite a significant public health issue. Anisakis, is a foodborne zoonotic parasite. Humans are accidental hosts of Anisakis L3 larva. Consumption of Anisakis parasite-contaminated seafood causes human anisakiasis. Zooplankton (Crustaceans: Krills, Squids, Crayfish) composition in fishing regions contribute to Anisakis parasitosis. Anisakis is the parasite with the largest number of registered allergens with the IUIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun E Aibinu
- School of Science, Discipline of Biosciences and Food Technology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Science, Discipline of Biosciences and Food Technology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Franssen F, Gerard C, Cozma-Petruţ A, Vieira-Pinto M, Jambrak AR, Rowan N, Paulsen P, Rozycki M, Tysnes K, Rodriguez-Lazaro D, Robertson L. Inactivation of parasite transmission stages: Efficacy of treatments on food of animal origin. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Goffredo E, Azzarito L, Di Taranto P, Mancini ME, Normanno G, Didonna A, Faleo S, Occhiochiuso G, D'Attoli L, Pedarra C, Pinto P, Cammilleri G, Graci S, Sciortino S, Costa A. Prevalence of anisakid parasites in fish collected from Apulia region (Italy) and quantification of nematode larvae in flesh. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 292:159-170. [PMID: 30599456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. are nematodes that commonly parasitize several fish species. Nematode larvae can be recovered in coelomic cavity and viscera, but also in flesh and have an important economic and public health impact. A total of 1144 subjects of wild teleosts, 340 samples of cephalopods and 128 specimens of farmed fish collected from Apulia region were analysed for anisakid larvae detection by visual inspection of coelomic cavity and viscera and by digestion of the flesh. No nematode larvae were found in farmed fish and cephalopod molluscs. All examined wild-caught fish species were parasitized, except for 5 species for each of which only a few subjects belonging to the same batch were sampled, therefore the results are just indicative. A total of 6153 larvae were isolated; among these, 271 larvae were found in the muscular portion. Larvae were identified by morphological method as belonging to the genera Anisakis (97.2%) (type I and type II) and Hysterothylacium (2.8%). Both nematodes could be found in all fish species, except for round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), infected only by Hysterothylacium spp. and for Mediterranean scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna), little tunny (Euthynnus alleteratus) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) infected only with Anisakis spp.. A sample of 185 larvae was sent to the National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.) of Sicily for identification at the species level: 180 larvae belonged to the species A. pegreffii and 2 larvae to A. physeteris. The remaining 3 larvae were identified at genus level as Hysterothylacium. Statistical indices such as prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated. Chub mackerel (S. japonicus) was the species with the highest prevalence and mean intensity. Moreover, the average and the median values of larvae per 100 g of edible part for each fish species were determined to estimate the consumer exposure to Anisakis spp.. The obtained values were then recalculated by referring to the edible part of all specimens (infected and non-infected) forming a single parasitized batch, getting more realistic and objective data useful for risk assessment. Our results indicate that the consumption of raw or undercooked wild fish caught off Apulian coasts could result in the acquisition of anisakiasis; on the contrary, farmed fish and cephalopods appear to be safer for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Laura Azzarito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Taranto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria E Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Normanno
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Didonna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Faleo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gilda Occhiochiuso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Attoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmine Pedarra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Food Microbiology Laboratory, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pinto
- Regione Puglia Servizio Sicurezza Alimentare e Sanità Veterinaria, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Graci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Sciortino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Costa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.), Palermo, Italy
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López V, Cascella M, Benelli G, Maggi F, Gómez-Rincón C. Green drugs in the fight against Anisakis simplex-larvicidal activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Origanum compactum essential oil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:861-867. [PMID: 29368038 PMCID: PMC5876267 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a fish-borne parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, as well as cephalopods, contaminated by third instar larvae (L3) of species belonging to the genus Anisakis (Anisakidae). Origanum compactum is a small herbaceous aromatic plant endemic to Spain and Morocco. In Morocco, the plant is used under infusion to treat heart diseases and intestinal pains or as preservative for foodstuffs. This is the first time that the O. compactum essential oil is tested against the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex. The phytochemical analysis by GC-MS revealed carvacrol (50.3%) and thymol (14.8%) as the major oil constituents. The essential oil and its major constituents carvacrol and thymol were tested against A. simplex L3 larvae isolated from blue whiting fish (Micromesistius poutassou). A. simplex mortality (%) after 24 and 48 h of treatment at 1 μl/ml was 100%, with a low LD50 compared with other essential oils and extracts, and the penetration in the agar assay was also reduced, if compared with control wells. The oil, as well as its major constituents, demonstrated a dose-dependent larvicidal activity. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase through a colorimetric assay in 96-well plates was used to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism as this enzyme plays a key role in nematodes neuromuscular function. Interestingly, O. compactum essential oil, carvacrol and thymol inhibited the enzyme, confirming that this could be one of the mechanisms involved in the anthelmintic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that O. compactum essential oil is reported as a larvicidal agent against A. simplex L3 larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Cascella
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain.,School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy. .,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
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Lee JD, Chung LY, Lin RJ, Wang JJ, Tu HP, Yen CM. Excretory/secretory proteases and mechanical movement of Anisakis pegreffii infective larvae in the penetration of BALB/c mice gastrointestine. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:594-601. [PMID: 29132548 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by infection with the infective larvae of Anisakis. Accidental infection in humans causes the gastrointestinal pathophysiological effects of mechanical tissue damage by migrating larvae. The mechanism of the infective larval invasion and migration is suspected to involve larval excretory/secretory proteases and motility. This study demonstrates the penetration rate of the infective larvae of Anisakis pegreffii in mouse gastrointestine depends on the time after infection, and that only 15% of larvae remain in the gastrointestinal tract 3 h after infection. Strong activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases, especially plasmin, were found in the excretory/secretory products of A. pegreffii; these can be inhibited by ONO-4817 and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, respectively. The protease activity was also significantly decreased in another 1 h of cultivation of larvae in fresh 0.9% normal saline (NS) after previous cultivation for 48 h in NS. The motility scores of larvae were significantly lower after 48 h of cultivation in NS. The penetration rate of A. pegreffii larvae in the gastrointestine of infected mice sequentially were 90% in the freshly prepared, 68% in serine protease inhibited, 55% in MMPs inhibited larvae, and 16% in larvae cultivated in NS for 48 h. Therefore, this study demonstrates that MMPs and serine proteases excreted and secreted by A. pegreffii and the mechanical movement of infective larvae participate in the penetration of the gastrointestine of mice after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Der Lee
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Chung
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jye Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environment Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Min Yen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lee KH, Park SY, Ha SD. Inactivation of Anisakis simplex L3 in the flesh of white spotted conger (Conger myriaster) by high hydrostatic pressure and its effect on quality. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1010-5. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1183108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Lee
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, South Korea
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Effect of High-Pressure Processing of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) on Biochemical Changes During Commercial Frozen Storage. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tejada M, Olivares F, de las Heras C, Careche M, Solas MT, García ML, Fernandez A, Mendizábal A, Navas A, Rodríguez-Mahillo AI, González-Muñoz M. Antigenicity of Anisakis simplex s.s. L3 in parasitized fish after heating conditions used in the canning processing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:922-927. [PMID: 24888867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some technological and food processing treatments applied to parasitized fish kill the Anisakis larvae and prevent infection and sensitization of consumers. However, residual allergenic activity of parasite allergens has been shown. The aim here was to study the effect of different heat treatments used in the fish canning processing industry on the antigen recognition of Anisakis L3. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were experimentally infected with live L3 Anisakis. After 48 h at 5 ± 1 °C, brine was added to the muscle, which was then canned raw (live larvae) or heated (90 °C, 30 min) (dead larvae) and treated at 113 °C for 60 min or at 115 °C for 90 min. Anisakis antigens and Ani s 4 were detected with anti-crude extract and anti-Ani s 4 antisera respectively. RESULTS Ani s 4 decreased in all lots, but the muscle retained part of the allergenicity irrespective of the canning method, as observed by immunohistochemistry. Dot blot analysis showed a high loss of Ani s 4 recognition after canning, but residual antigenicity was present. CONCLUSION The results indicate that heat treatment for sterilization under the conditions studied produces a decrease in Ani s 4 and suggest a potential exposure risk for Anisakis-sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Tejada
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Chen HY, Cheng YS, Grabner DS, Chang SH, Shih HH. Effect of different temperatures on the expression of the newly characterized heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in L3 of Anisakis spp. isolated from Scomber australasicus. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:540-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Liberato C, Bossù T, Scaramozzino P, Nicolini G, Ceddia P, Mallozzi S, Cavallero S, D'Amelio S. Presence of anisakid larvae in the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, fished off the Tyrrhenian coast of central Italy. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1643-8. [PMID: 23992513 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of anisakid nematode larvae in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) fished off the Tyrrhenian coast of central Italy. From February through July 2012, 1,490 specimens of E. encrasicolus caught in three different fishing areas (off Civitavecchia, Anzio, and Gaeta in the northern, central, and southern Lazio region of Italy, respectively) were tested for the presence of anisakid larvae, both by visual microscopic inspection and enzymatic digestion. In each of the three fishing areas, each of two sampling times produced 250 fish (with the exception of one sampling time in Gaeta that produced 240 fish). Larvae of the family Anisakidae were detected with an overall estimated prevalence of 2.3%, and each positive fish harbored a single larva. No anisakid larvae were detected in fish caught off Gaeta. Fish with larvae were significantly longer (standard length) than fish without larvae. Twenty-six larvae (74.3%) were detected by visual inspection of the viscera, eight larvae (22.8%) were detected by visual inspection of the fillets, and one larva (2.8%) was detected after digestion of pooled fillets. Molecular analysis to fully characterize the 35 detected larvae revealed 15 specimens of Anisakis pegreffii, 10 specimens of Hysterothylacium aduncum, and one hybrid genotype of A. pegreffii × Anisakis simplex. For nine specimens, no visible product was obtained after PCR amplification. The overall prevalence for A. pegreffii and H. aduncum was 1.0 and 0.7%, respectively. A comparison between fishes harboring A. pegreffii larvae and those harboring H. aduncum revealed that those with A. pegreffii were significantly heavier. The prevalence of anisakid larvae found in the present study is lower then that reported previously in E. encrasicolus collected in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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Angelucci G, Meloni M, Merella P, Sardu F, Madeddu S, Marrosu R, Petza F, Salati F. Prevalence of Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. larvae in teleosts and cephalopods sampled from waters off Sardinia. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1769-75. [PMID: 22004829 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A study was carried out on the presence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae in fish and cephalopods caught in Sardinian waters. A total of 369 specimens of 24 different species of teleosts and 5 species of cephalopods were collected from different fishing areas of Sardinia. Larvae were detected and isolated by both visual inspection and enzymatic digestion. These methods allowed Anisakis type I and type II third-stage larvae and Hysterothylacium third- and fourth-stage larvae to be detected. The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance were calculated. The results obtained showed the highest prevalence of Anisakidae in Zeus faber (100%) and of Anisakis in Micromesistius poutassou (87.5%). The highest prevalence of Anisakis type I larvae was in M. poutassou (81.2%), and that of Anisakis type II larvae was in Todarodes sagittatus (20%). The highest values for prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance for Hysterothylacium were found in Z. faber. These prevalences and the mean intensity and abundance were higher than those reported by different authors in other Mediterranean areas. This may be because the enzymatic digestive method used in this research resulted in higher recovery levels. The data suggest that Sardinia may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases and that measures such as information campaigns, aimed at both sanitary service personnel and consumers, should be employed to limit the spread of such zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Angelucci
- Fish Disease and Aquaculture Center, IZS of Sardinia, State Veterinary Institute, Via Parigi s.n., 09170 Oristano, Italy
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Microbiological food safety assessment of high hydrostatic pressure processing: A review. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Demazeau G, Rivalain N. The development of high hydrostatic pressure processes as an alternative to other pathogen reduction methods. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1359-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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An Update on High Hydrostatic Pressure, from the Laboratory to Industrial Applications. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-010-9030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rivalain N, Roquain J, Demazeau G. Development of high hydrostatic pressure in biosciences: pressure effect on biological structures and potential applications in biotechnologies. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:659-72. [PMID: 20398747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Compared to temperature, the development of pressure as a tool in the research field has emerged only recently (at the end of the XIXth century). Following several developments in Physics and Chemistry during the first half of the XXth century (in particular the synthesis of diamond in 1953-1954), high pressures were applied in Food Science, especially in Japan. The main objective was then to achieve the decontamination of foods while preserving their organoleptic properties. Now, a new step is engaged: the biological applications of high pressures, from food to pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications. This paper will focus on three main points: (i) a brief presentation of the pressure parameter and its characteristics, (ii) a description of the pressure effects on biological constituents from simple to more complex structures and (iii) a review of the different domains for which the application of high pressures is able to initiate potential developments in Biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwennig Rivalain
- ICMCB-CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 87, avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, PESSAC Cedex, France
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