1
|
Aydemir ME, Aydemir S, Kılıç Altun S, Alkan S. Trends in Anisakis simplex Global Research: A Bibliometric Analysis Study. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2024; 48:51-57. [PMID: 38449368 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2024.94830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective Anisakis simplex is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite. Although this parasite has been known since the 19th century, publications on anisakiasis have increased in recent years. Despite this, this subject has yet to be well studied by bibliometric analysis. This study was conducted to show the research points and trends of A. simplex. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was mined for articles on A. simplex. The VOSviewer software visually evaluated countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in this field. Results A total of 1362 publications were included in this bibliometric analysis. The included publications were published between 1970 and 2022 from 79 countries, mainly from Spain (n=456, 33.48%). The most prolific year was 2020 (n=74). The research area that attracted the most publications was parasitology (n=452), while the most productive author in this area was Cuellar C (n=53). "Anisakis simplex", "Anisakis" and "anisakiasis" were the most used three keywords. Conclusion The number of publications on anisakiasis has been increasing over time, suggesting that A. simplex is becoming an increasingly important disease worldwide. Research cooperation should be established between researchers from developed and developing countries to determine effective control strategies for anisakiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Aydemir
- Harran University Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Selahattin Aydemir
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Van, Türkiye
| | - Serap Kılıç Altun
- Harran University Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Sevil Alkan
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barquín Yagüez J, Juez LD, Hernández PI, Ballestero A, Martín O, Del Campo R, Vaello V, García-Pérez JC. Intestinal Helminths Infections as Infrequent Cause of Emergency Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Study in a University Hospital over 20 Years. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-023-00789-5. [PMID: 38261243 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION All organs of any organism can be affected by helminths. They can be seen in a broad spectrum, from simple infestations to extensive, life-threatening involvement. Symptomatology is usually of chronic latent course. However, sometimes the presentation is acute and requires urgent surgical intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational prospective recruitment study of patients undergoing emergency surgery for helminth infection from January 2000 to December 2019 at a university hospital. Sociodemographic and analytical variables, variables related to the clinical process, and the diagnostic test were analysed. Variables related to the surgical procedure and postoperative complications were also analysed. RESULTS A total of 36 patients required emergency surgery for their helminth infection, which represented 0.26% of emergency abdominal surgeries. The mean age was 34.91 ± 21.5 years, with a predominance of men (69.4%). Most patients presented with pain in the right iliac fossa (69.4%), followed by symptoms compatible with intestinal obstruction (19.4%). The most frequent surgical interventions were appendectomy (38.9%) followed bowel resection (33.3%) and ileocecal resection (11.1%). Enterobious vermicularis and Anisakis simplex both together accounted for 75% of the sample. Statistically significant differences were identified in age (p < 0.001), diagnostic test performed (p = 0.032), intraoperative clinical diagnosis (p = 0.005) and surgical treatment received (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The frequency of emergency surgeries for intestinal helminth parasitism is decreasing. However, the majority of these are E. vermicularis and Anisakis simplex, which have distinctly different clinical presentations. Identification and recognition by physicians continue to be necessary for further postoperative management and possible complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Barquín Yagüez
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Divina Juez
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
- Insituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato digestivo, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar, Km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia I Hernández
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Insituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Ballestero
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato digestivo, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar, Km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oihane Martín
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Insituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Insituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Vaello
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pérez
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Insituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato digestivo, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar, Km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moratal S, Zrzavá M, Hrabar J, Dea-Ayuela MA, López-Ramon J, Mladineo I. Fecundity, in vitro early larval development and karyotype of the zoonotic nematode Anisakis pegreffii. Vet Parasitol 2023; 323:110050. [PMID: 37837730 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro life cycle of zoonotic helminths is an essential tool for -omic translational studies focused on disease control and treatment. Anisakiosis is an emerging zoonosis contracted by the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish infected with the third stage larvae (L3) of two sibling species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii, the latter being the predominant species in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, in vitro culture of A. pegreffii has been developed to enable fast and large-scale production of fertile adults. However, the conditions for larval development from hatching to infective L3 were not fulfilled to complete the cycle. Herein, we used a Drosophila medium supplemented with chicken serum and adjusted different osmolarities to maintain the culture of L3 hatched from eggs for up to 17 weeks. The highest survival rate was observed in the medium with the highest osmolarities, which also allowed the highest larval exsheathment rate. Key morphological features of embryogenesis and postembryogenesis studied by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the excretory gland cell is differentiated already up to 48 h post-hatching. Extracellular vesicles and cell-free mitochondria are discharged between the two cuticle sheets of the second stage larvae (L2). Contemporarly cultivated, two populations of adult A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii reached an average production of 29,914.05 (± 27,629.36) and 24,370.96 (± 12,564.86) eggs/day/female, respectively. The chromosome spreads of A. pegreffii obtained from mature gonads suggests a diploid karyotype formula of 2n = 18. The development of a reliable protocol for the in vitro culture of a polyxenous nematode such as Anisakis spp. will serve to screen for much needed novel drug targets, but also to study the intricated and unknown ecological and physiological traits of these trophically transmitted marine nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Moratal
- Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia; Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Magda Zrzavá
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31a, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jerko Hrabar
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universitites, C/ Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi López-Ramon
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polak I, Stryiński R, Majewska M, Łopieńska-Biernat E. Metabolomic analysis reveals a differential adaptation process of the larval stages of Anisakis simplex to the host environment. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1233586. [PMID: 37520327 PMCID: PMC10373882 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1233586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anisakis simplex are parasitic nematodes that cause anisakiasis. The possibility of infection with this parasite is through consumption of raw or undercooked fish products. A. simplex infections are often misdiagnosed, especially in subclinical cases that do not present with typical symptoms such as urticaria, angioedema, and gastrointestinal allergy. The resulting allergic reactions range from rapid-onset and potentially fatal anaphylactic reactions to chronic, debilitating conditions. While there have been numerous published studies on the genomes and proteomes of A. simplex, less attention has been paid to the metabolomes. Metabolomics is concerned with the composition of metabolites in biological systems. Dynamic responses to endogenous and exogenous stimuli are particularly well suited for the study of holistic metabolic responses. In addition, metabolomics can be used to determine metabolic activity at different stages of development or during growth. Materials and methods: In this study, we reveal for the first time the metabolomes of infectious stages (L3 and L4) of A. simplex using untargeted metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: In the negative ionization mode (ESI-), we identified 172 different compounds, whereas in the positive ionization mode (ESI+), 186 metabolites were found. Statistical analysis showed that 60 metabolites were found in the ESI- mode with different concentration in each group, of which 21 were more enriched in the L3 larvae and 39 in the L4 stage of A. simplex. Comparison of the individual developmental stages in the ESI + mode also revealed a total of 60 differential metabolites, but 32 metabolites were more enriched in the L3 stage larvae, and 28 metabolites were more concentrated in the L4 stage. Discussion: The metabolomics study revealed that the developmental stages of A. simplex differed in a number of metabolic pathways, including nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. In addition, molecules responsible for successful migration within their host, such as pyridoxine and prostaglandins (E1, E2, F1a) were present in the L4 stage. In contrast, metabolic pathways for amino acids, starch, and sucrose were mainly activated in the L3 stage. Our results provide new insights into the comparative metabolome profiles of two different developmental stages of A. simplex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Majewska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Packi K, Rudek A, Matysiak J, Klimczak S, Matuszewska E, Rzetecka N, Matysiak J. Food Allergies and Parasites in Children. Foods 2023; 12:2465. [PMID: 37444203 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamically growing incidence of food allergies forces the scientific community to develop new methods for their diagnosis, differentiation, and effective treatment. Parasitoses appear much less frequently in the scientific literature, as well as among the presumed causes of numerous conditions. The similarity of inflammatory mechanisms in allergies and parasitosis necessitates a revision of current diagnostic standards. A lack of specificity and the coincidence of symptoms at an early stage of disease can lead to misdiagnosis. In this paper, we attempted to perform a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in symptoms for these two types of diseases. We described the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways of food allergy and parasitosis. We presented the available research methods and directions of ongoing studies aimed at implementing precise medical techniques for differential diagnosis. We discussed the allergenic properties of certain parasite proteins, using the example of myofibrillar tropomyosins from the nematode Anisakis simplex. The literature in the fields of allergology and parasitology leads to the conclusion that it is reasonable to run parallel allergological and parasitological diagnostics in patients with non-specific symptoms. This approach will facilitate accurate and early diagnosis and implementation of effective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Packi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- AllerGen Center of Personalized Medicine, 97-300 Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland
| | - Alicja Rudek
- AllerGen Center of Personalized Medicine, 97-300 Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland
| | - Joanna Matysiak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University-Kalisz, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Klimczak
- AllerGen Center of Personalized Medicine, 97-300 Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Eliza Matuszewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Rzetecka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramilo A, Rodríguez H, Pascual S, González ÁF, Abollo E. Population Genetic Structure of Anisakis simplex Infecting the European Hake from North East Atlantic Fishing Grounds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36670737 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European hake, one of the most commercially valuable species in ICES fishing areas, is considered an important neglected source of zoonotic risk by nematode parasites belonging to the genus Anisakis. Merluccius merluccius is, by far, the most important host of Anisakis spp. at the European fishing grounds, in terms of demographic infection values, and carries the highest parasite burden. These high parasite population densities within an individual fish host offer a chance to explore new sources of variations for the genetic structure of Anisakis spp. populations. A total of 873 Anisakis spp. third-stage larvae, originally sampled from viscera and muscular sections of hake collected at ten fishing grounds, were primarily identified using ITS rDNA region as molecular marker. After that, we used mtDNA cox2 gene to reveal the high haplotype diversity and the lack of genetic structure for A. simplex. Dominant haplotypes were shared among the different fishing areas and fish sections analyzed. Results indicate a clear connection of A. simplex from European hake along the Northern North Sea to the Portuguese coast, constituting a single genetic population but revealing a certain level of genetic sub-structuring on the Northwest coast of Scotland. This study also provides useful information to advance the understanding of parasite speciation to different fish host tissues or microenvironments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cuéllar C, Rodero M, Pérez-Griera J, Galindo-Regal L, Lopez-Chulia F, García-Ballesteros C, Carlos Andreu-Ballester J. Association between anti- Anisakis simplex antibodies and interleukin-7 levels. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109134. [PMID: 35964412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 is a crucial factor for the development of lymphocytes, and it is absolutely necessary for γδ T cells. Mice deficient in L-7 have a deficit of B and αβ T lymphocytes, and an absence of mature γδ TCR cells. IL-7 is essential for the survival, development and maturation of Schistosoma sp., although its production is associated with protection against intestinal helminths. The presence of anti-Anisakis simplex antibodies, especially IgA, is related to a lower frequency in CD3 + CD56 + αβ + lymphocytes and all subpopulations of γδ T cells. In this work, the relationship of IL-7 with humoral and cellular responses against A. simplex in 100 healthy subjects was studied. We have found significantly higher IL-7 levels in anti-A. simplex IgA-positive subjects (p < 0.001). The positivity of anti-A. simplex IgA was associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of CD3 + αβ+ (p < 0.01), CD3 + CD4 + αβ+, CD3 + CD8 + αβ+, CD3 + CD56 + αβ+, CD3 + γδ+, CD3 + CD4-CD8-γδ+ and CD3 + CD56 + γδ+ (p < 0.05) cells. In the case of NKT cells, this same phenomenon was also associated with IgE positivity. There was a weak inverse correlation (Spearman) of IL-7 levels with the frequencies of CD3 + CD4 + αβ+ (-0.125, p = 0.047), CD3 + CD8 + αβ+ (-0.204, p = 0.032), CD3 + CD56 + αβ+ (-0.247, p = 0.007), CD3 + γδ+ (-0.267, p = 0.007), CD3 + CD4-CD8-γδ+ (-0.266, p = 0.003), and CD3 + CD8 + γδ + (-0.302, p = 0.002) cells. The role of NKT cells in the anti-A. simplex response was confirmed and an association between IL and 7 levels and specific antibodies, especially IgA, was demonstrated. The higher production of IL-7 would represent a compensatory mechanism in response to the reduction in lymphocyte populations associated with the response against this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Pérez-Griera
- Departamento de Biopatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Galindo-Regal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mubarok W, Nakahata M, Kojima M, Sakai S. Nematode surface functionalization with hydrogel sheaths tailored in situ. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100328. [PMID: 35774197 PMCID: PMC9237936 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering the surfaces of biological organisms allows the introduction of novel functions and enhances their native functions. However, studies on surface engineering remained limited to unicellular organisms. Herein, nematode surfaces are engineered through in situ hydrogelation mediated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) anchored to nematode cuticles. With this method, hydrogel sheaths of approximately 10-μm thickness are fabricated from a variety of polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers. Caenorhabditis elegans and Anisakis simplex coated with a hydrogel sheath showed a negligible decrease in viability, chemotaxis and locomotion. Hydrogel sheaths containing UV-absorbable groups and catalase functioned as shields to protect nematodes from UV and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The results also showed that hydrogel sheaths containing glucose oxidase have the potential to be used as living drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. The nematode functionalization method developed in this study has the potential to impact a wide range of fields from agriculture to medicine. Technique to modify the surface of nematode with hydrogel is presented. Hydrogel is fabricated in situ using enzymatic cross-linking reaction. The technique is compatible with different materials and different species of nematodes. Hydrogel sheath protects the nematode from environmental stress. Nematode coated with drug-loaded hydrogel has a potential as living drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wildan Mubarok
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masaru Kojima
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakai
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Skirnisson K. [Human Pseudoterranova and Anisakis cases in Iceland 2004-2020]. LAEKNABLADID 2022; 108:79-83. [PMID: 35103620 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2022.01.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2004-2020 in total 18 anisakid larvae (Nematoda) were sent in to the Laboratory of Parasitology at Keldur for investigation and species identification. Fourteen had temporarily lived within the human body and were alive when detected, three were noticed alive in food just before being consumed, one larva was found dead. Pseudoterranova decipiens was found í 16 instances (89%), Anisakis simplex in two (11%). The one Anisakis case was a wriggling larva detected in the diaper of a baby that was believed to have ingested the larva with undercooked fish three days earlier in the kindergarten. In the other case a dead larva was found entangled in fish chew, spit out by a baby being fed with boiled haddock. Pseudoterranova larvae in humans (n=13) were most frequently detected in the mouth (11 persons). In one instance winding movements of larva in vomit of a baby attracted the attention of the mother, in another case a person detected tickling movements of a larva when cleaning the anal area after defecation. Length of the 13 Pseudoterranova larvae varied between 30 and 47 mm. They were believed to have lived in their hosts from one up to nine days. Nine larvae had already developed to the L4, stage, four were still in the L3 stage. Cod was the most frequently mentioned source of infection (5 of 14 cases), two persons regarded catfish to be the culprit, one named both fish species. In one case either sushi or plaice was believed to be the infection source, one person presumably got the larva participating in a sushi feast. In four cases the fish source remained unknown. Most often the larva was consumed in private homes, three persons believed to have gotten the larva when dining in a restaurant, a harbour worker got the worm when eating raw fish and the same baby got a larva on two different occasions in the kindergarten.
Collapse
|
10
|
Skirnisson K. [Human Pseudoterranova and Anisakis cases in Iceland 2004-2020]. LAEKNABLADID 2022; 108:79-83. [PMID: 35103620 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2022.01.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During 2004-2020 in total 18 anisakid larvae (Nematoda) were sent in to the Laboratory of Parasitology at Keldur for investigation and species identification. Fourteen had temporarily lived within the human body and were alive when detected, three were noticed alive in food just before being consumed, one larva was found dead. Pseudoterranova decipiens was found í 16 instances (89%), Anisakis simplex in two (11%). The one Anisakis case was a wriggling larva detected in the diaper of a baby that was believed to have ingested the larva with undercooked fish three days earlier in the kindergarten. In the other case a dead larva was found entangled in fish chew, spit out by a baby being fed with boiled haddock. Pseudoterranova larvae in humans (n=13) were most frequently detected in the mouth (11 persons). In one instance winding movements of larva in vomit of a baby attracted the attention of the mother, in another case a person detected tickling movements of a larva when cleaning the anal area after defecation. Length of the 13 Pseudoterranova larvae varied between 30 and 47 mm. They were believed to have lived in their hosts from one up to nine days. Nine larvae had already developed to the L4, stage, four were still in the L3 stage. Cod was the most frequently mentioned source of infection (5 of 14 cases), two persons regarded catfish to be the culprit, one named both fish species. In one case either sushi or plaice was believed to be the infection source, one person presumably got the larva participating in a sushi feast. In four cases the fish source remained unknown. Most often the larva was consumed in private homes, three persons believed to have gotten the larva when dining in a restaurant, a harbour worker got the worm when eating raw fish and the same baby got a larva on two different occasions in the kindergarten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Skirnisson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zamora V, Carlos Andreu-Ballester J, Rodero M, Cuéllar C. Anisakis simplex: Immunomodulatory effects of larval antigens on the activation of Toll like Receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108120. [PMID: 34537480 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the mechanisms Anisakis simplex employs to modify its host immune system, regarding the larval antigens interactions with Toll-Like-Receptors (TLRs). METHODS AND RESULTS In a previous study, we described that the stimulation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) with A. simplex larval antigens drive an acute inflammatory response in BALB/c mice, but a more discrete and longer response in C57BL/6J. Moreover, when A. simplex larval antigens were combined with TLR agonists (TLR 1/2-9), they modified mainly TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 agonists responses in both mice strains, and also TLR3, TLR5 and TLR7 in BALB/c. Antigen-presenting ability was analyzed by the detection of CD11c + cells expressing surface markers (CD80-86, MHC I-II), intracellular cytokines (IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α) and intracellular proteins (Myd88, NF-κβ) by Flow Cytometry. Secreted IL-10 was measured by ELISA. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm not only that the host genetic basis plays a role in the development of a Th2/Th1/Treg response, but also it states A. simplex larval antigens present specific mechanisms to modify the innate response of the host. As allergies share common pathways with the immune response against this particular helminth, our results provide a better understanding into the specific mechanisms of A. simplex allergy related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vega Zamora
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Marta Rodero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mierzejewski K, Stryiński R, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Mateos J, Bogacka I, Carrera M. A Complex Proteomic Response of the Parasitic Nematode Anisakis simplex s.s. to Escherichia coliLipopolysaccharide. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100166. [PMID: 34673282 PMCID: PMC8605257 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths are masters at manipulating host's immune response. Especially, parasitic nematodes have evolved strategies that allow them to evade, suppress, or modulate host's immune response to persist and spread in the host's organism. While the immunomodulatory effects of nematodes on their hosts are studied with a great commitment, very little is known about nematodes' own immune system, immune response to their pathogens, and interactions between parasites and bacteria in the host's organism. To illustrate the response of the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex s.s. during simulated interaction with Escherichia coli, different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used, and the proteomic analysis with isobaric mass tags for relative and absolute quantification (tandem mass tag-based LC-MS/MS) was performed. In addition, gene expression and biochemical analyses of selected markers of oxidative stress were determined. The results revealed 1148 proteins in a group of which 115 were identified as differentially regulated proteins, for example, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Gene Ontology annotation and Reactome pathway analysis indicated that metabolic pathways related to catalytic activity, oxidation-reduction processes, antioxidant activity, response to stress, and innate immune system were the most common, in which differentially regulated proteins were involved. Further biochemical analyses let us confirm that the LPS induced the oxidative stress response, which plays a key role in the innate immunity of parasitic nematodes. Our findings, to our knowledge, indicate for the first time, the complexity of the interaction of parasitic nematode, A. simplex s.s. with bacterial LPS, which mimics the coexistence of helminth and gut bacteria in the host. The simulation of this crosstalk led us to conclude that the obtained results could be hugely valuable in the integrated systems biology approach to describe a relationship between parasite, host, and its commensal bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Mierzejewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mehrdana F, Lavilla M, Kania PW, Pardo MÁ, Audicana MT, Longo N, Buchmann K. Evidence of IgE-Mediated Cross-Reactions between Anisakis simplex and Contracaecum osculatum Proteins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080950. [PMID: 34451414 PMCID: PMC8399947 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish consumers may develop allergic reactions following the ingestion of fish products containing nematode larvae within the genus Anisakis. Sensitized patients may cross-react with proteins from insects, mites and mollusks, leading to allergic reactions even in the absence of the offending food. Potential cross-reactivity in Anisakis-allergic patients with larval proteins from other zoonotic parasites present in freshwater and sea fish should be investigated due to an increasing occurrence in certain fish stocks, particularly Contracaecum osculatum. In this work, we evaluated IgE-cross reactions by in vivo (skin prick tests with parasites extracts) and in vitro methods (IgE-ELISA and IgE-immunoblot). In vivo skin prick tests (SPT) proved the reactivity of Anisakis-sensitized patients when exposed to C. osculatum antigens. Sera from Anisakis-sensitized patients confirmed the reaction with somatic antigens (SA) and excretory/secretory proteins (ES) from C. osculatum. Only anecdotal responses were obtained from other freshwater worm parasites. Consequently, it is suggested that Anisakis-sensitized humans, especially patients with high levels of specific anti-Anisakis antibodies, may react to C. osculatum proteins, possibly due to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foojan Mehrdana
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (F.M.); (P.W.K.)
| | - María Lavilla
- AZTI-BRTA, Food Research, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea-Edificio 609, E-48160 Derio, Spain; (M.L.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - Per Walter Kania
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (F.M.); (P.W.K.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Pardo
- AZTI-BRTA, Food Research, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea-Edificio 609, E-48160 Derio, Spain; (M.L.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - María Teresa Audicana
- Allergy Department, Araba Integrated Health Organization, Bioaraba.Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Jose Atxotegui s/n, E-01009 Vitoria, Spain; (M.T.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Natividad Longo
- Allergy Department, Araba Integrated Health Organization, Bioaraba.Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Jose Atxotegui s/n, E-01009 Vitoria, Spain; (M.T.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (F.M.); (P.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-33-27-00
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sánchez-Alonso I, Carballeda-Sangiao N, Rodríguez S, Tejada M, Navas A, Arcos SC, González-Muñoz M, Careche M. Anisakis simplex (s.l.) resistance to the action of gastric enzymes depends upon previous treatments applied to infected fish mince and affects antigen release. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3908-3916. [PMID: 33348457 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing is considered the most suitable technological treatment to avoid Anisakis infection from eating raw or undercooked fish but modifications of their cuticles upon freezing may reduce their resistance to gastric fluids, provoking a greater release of allergens. This work aimed to study the relationship between freezing-induced modifications of Anisakis simplex s.l., antigen recognition, and resistance to oral and gastric digestion in spiked fish mince. RESULTS (i) Differences between non-treated larvae and larvae that survived freezing / thawing were studied in terms of respiratory capacity, survival in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), recognition of antigens and allergens. (ii) Untreated (i.e. chilled) mince containing live larvae, mince frozen at two freezing rates, with a negative (uninfected) mince and a positive mince (infected with broken larvae) as controls, were subjected to the oral and gastric phases of a simulated digestion process. Anisakis able to survive freezing showed lower resistance to gastric fluid (i.e. faster mortality as compared to controls). Untreated larvae released significantly more antigens than freeze-surviving larvae but only after 96 h in SGF. In treatments rendering complete larvae mortality, the highest loss of larvae integrity was found upon fast freezing. There was a positive correlation between antigen release and the number of ruptures of larvae after the oral digestion phase, whereas a more complex trend was observed after oral plus gastric digestion phases. CONCLUSION These results suggest a new factor to consider for sensitized patients and suggest that the numbers of L3 should be reduced before industrial freezing to minimize risk. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sánchez-Alonso
- Department of Products, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Carballeda-Sangiao
- Department of Products, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez
- Department of Products, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Tejada
- Department of Products, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Navas
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana C Arcos
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Careche
- Department of Products, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biary A, Berrouch S, Dehhani O, Maarouf A, Sasal P, Mimouni B, Hafid J. Prevalence and identification of Anisakis nematodes in fish consumed in Marrakesh, Morocco. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3417-22. [PMID: 33864586 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Morocco is considered as an important producer of fish with more than one million tons of small pelagic fish caught per year, along more than 3400 km of coastline. Otherwise, few studies have investigated the zoonotic parasites of fish. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Anisakis nematodes larvae in two fish species, namely sardines Sardina pilchardus and mackerel Scomber scombrus. These two species are widely consumed in Marrakesh due to their availability and their affordable prices. A total of 948 fish, including 546 sardines and 402 mackerel, were purchased from the wholesale market of Marrakesh, from January 2016 to December 2018. Sampling was performed on the days of fish arrival from the fishing areas (Dakhla, Essaouira, Safi and Sidi Ifni). The samples were examined visually for the presence of Anisakis larvae. We obtained a prevalence of 8.4% in mackerel with different rates depending on their origins (Safi: 13.23%; Essaouira: 11.66%; Sidi Ifni: 2.5%; Dakhla: 0%) and the seasons. However, no larvae were detected in the sardines after meticulous visual inspection. The detected larvae were morphologically and genetically identified. We identified the larvae by the PCR-RFLP technique using the primers LSU5-F (TAGGTCGACCCGCTGAAYTTAAGCA) and IR16-R (ATTCACACCCATTGACTCGCG) from the 28S rDNA region. The analysis showed that all larvae belong to Anisakis simplex sensu-stricto (s.s.). According to our results mackerel presents a higher risk of contamination than sardine, while statistical studies show that there is no impact of season and fishing origin on the prevalence.
Collapse
|
16
|
El Meghanawy RA, E I ET, Salim Dalia A, Abdel Aziz AR. Epidemiological, morphological and molecular characterization of Anisakis simplex(sensu stricto) in Clupea harengus from Egypt. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 24:100574. [PMID: 34024390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence, morphological and molecular characterization of Anisakid larvae in smoked herring fish (Clupea harengus) from five governorates that represent Northern, Middle, and Southern Egypt which include; Menofia, Alexandrina, Qaliubiya, Sohag, and Assiut were elucidated in this study, smoked herring fish samples were collected from local markets during 2020, 384 positive (42.7%) out of 815 examined samples, the highest prevalence was observed in middle and southern Egypt (Sohag (139/230, 60.43%), and Menofiya (123/215, 57.20%), they were found to be naturally infected with Anisakis simplex larvae as free in peritoneal cavity, Based on morphological, morphometric by SEM, and molecular analyses of ITS-2 ribosomal DNA targeted gene and phylogenic analysis, these nematodes were identified as third- stage larvae of Anisakis simplex.
Collapse
|
17
|
Safonova AE, Voronova AN, Vainutis KS. First report on molecular identification of Anisakis simplex in Oncorhynchus nerka from the fish market, with taxonomical issues within Anisakidae. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-023. [PMID: 33860240 PMCID: PMC8039977 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alive anisakids cause acute gastrointestinal diseases, and dead worms contained in food can provoke sensibilization and allergic reactions in humans. Detected in the purchased minced salmon Oncorhynchus nerka nematodes were identified as Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (Anisakidae). We found that recently published phylogenetic trees (reconstructed using different ribosomal and mitochondrial genetic markers) showed independent clusterization of species recognized in the A. simplex sensu lato species complex. This prompted us to undertake this full-fledged molecular genetics study of anisakids from Kamchatka with phylogenetic reconstructions (NJ/ML) and calculated ranges of interspecific and intergeneric p-distances using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences. We confirmed that molecular markers based on the ITS region of rDNA were able to recognize ‘pure’ specimens belonging to the cryptic species. We offer new insights into the systematics of anisakids. The genus Anisakis sensu stricto should include Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis berlandi, Anisakis ziphidarum, and Anisakis nascettii. Presumably, two genera should be restored in the structure of the subfamily Anisakinae: Skrjabinisakis for the species Anisakis paggiae, Anisakis brevispiculata, and Anisakis physeteris; and Peritrachelius for the species Anisakis typica. In addition, we provide the short annotated list of some genera of the family Anisakidae, including their diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina E Safonova
- Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street, 8, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Voronova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, pr. 100-letija, 159, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Vainutis
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, pr. 100-letija, 159, Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klapper R, Karl H, Ostermeyer U. Intrinsic properties of anisakid nematode larvae as a potential tool for the detection in fish products. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 343:109094. [PMID: 33621832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anisakid nematode larvae (NL) in fish products comprise a risk to human health and, if visible, lead to the rejection of these products by consumers. Therefore, great efforts are being made for the identification of these anisakid larvae to estimate the potential consumer health risk as well as to develop effective detection methods in order to prevent the introduction of heavily infected fish products into the market. The tasks of national reference laboratories include the improvement of detection methods and to promote their further development. As a prerequisite for improved detection, it is important to understand the structural properties of anisakid NL and compounds produced during host-parasite interactions. This review provides an overview of the intrinsic properties of anisakid NL and reports the latest detection methods in published literature. First, in order to define the potentially interesting intrinsic properties of anisakid nematodes for their detection, anatomy and compounds involved in host-parasite interactions are summarised. These can be used for various detection approaches, such as in the medical field or for allergen detection in fish products. In addition, fluorescence characteristics and their use as both established and promising candidates for detection methods, especially in the field of optical sensing technologies, are presented. Finally, different detection and identification methods applied by the fish processing industries and by control laboratories are listed. The review intends to highlight trends and provide suggestions for the development of improved detection and identification methods of anisakid NL in fish products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Klapper
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish products, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany; Present Address: Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, National Reference Centre for Authentic Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Horst Karl
- Present Address: Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, National Reference Centre for Authentic Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ute Ostermeyer
- Present Address: Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, National Reference Centre for Authentic Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Anisakis simplex s.s. is a parasitic nematode that causes anisakiasis in humans. L3 stage larvae, which are present in many fish species and cephalopods all over the globe, might be consumed and develop occasionally into the L4 stage but cannot reproduce. Anisakiasis is an emerging health problem and economic concern. In recent years, proteomic methods have gained greater acceptance among scientists involved in parasitology and food science. According to that, here, we present tandem mass tag (TMT)-based shotgun proteomics to define differences in proteomic composition between L3 and L4 development stages of A. simplex s.s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Łopieńska-Biernat E, Stryiński R, Paukszto Ł, Jastrzębski JP, Makowczenko K. The Selection of Reliable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of Anisakis simplex Sensu Stricto Gene Expression from Different Developmental Stages. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:837-42. [PMID: 32488545 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisakis simplex s. s. is a parasitic nematode with a complex life cycle in which humans can become accidental hosts by consuming raw or not fully cooked fish containing L3 larvae. The growing popularity of raw fish dishes has contributed to an increase in the incidence of anisakiasis, which has spurred scientific efforts to develop new methods for diagnosing and treating the disease and also to investigate the gene expression at different developmental stages of this parasite. The identification of reference genes suitable for the normalization of RT-qPCR data has not been studied with respect to A. simplex s. s. METHODS In the present study, eight candidate reference genes were analyzed in A. simplex s. s. at two different developmental stages: L3 and L4. The expression stability of these genes was assessed by geNorm and NormFinder softwares. RESULTS In general, our results identified translation elongation factor 1α (ef-1α) and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 12 (ppi12) as the most stable genes in L3 and L4 developmental stages of A. simplex s. s. Validation of the selected reference genes was performed by profiling the expression of the nuclear hormone receptor gene (nhr 48) in different developmental stages. CONCLUSIONS This first analysis selecting suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR in A. simplex s. s. will facilitate future functional analyses and deep mining of genetic resources in this parasitic nematode.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kochanowski M, Różycki M, Dąbrowska J, Karamon J, Sroka J, Antolak E, Bełcik A, Cencek T. Development and Application of Novel Chemiluminescence Immunoassays for Highly Sensitive Detection of Anisakis simplex Proteins in Thermally Processed Seafood. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100777. [PMID: 32977528 PMCID: PMC7598195 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The third-stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis simplex are the most important source of hidden allergens in seafood products. However, there exist no commercial methods for detecting Anisakis proteins in food. Furthermore, only a few methods have been validated for the detection of A. simplex in thermally processed food. The aims of our study are (i) the development and validation of high-sensitivity chemiluminescent (CL) immunoassays for the detection of A. simplex proteins in processed seafood, (ii) and A. simplex antigen detection in common seafood products from Polish markets. We developed and validated CL sandwich ELISA (S-ELISA) and CL competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) methods for A. simplex proteins detection in food, with respective detection limits of 0.5 and 5 ng/mL. The usefulness of the assays for detecting A. simplex proteins in highly processed food was evaluated by examination of autoclaved canned fish spiked with A. simplex larvae (1–8 larvae/200 g). Commercial real-time PCR was unable to detect A. simplex in autoclaved samples at all levels of enrichment with Anisakis larvae. CL-S-ELISA was used to test various types of seafood products from Polish markets. Among all tested products (n = 259), 28% were positive. A. simplex antigens were found mostly (n = 39) in smoked fish products: mackerel, herring, cod, and hake. Other positive samples were found in marinated herrings, canned cod livers, canned mackerels, and surimi sticks. In tuna, Atlantic argentine, anchovy, sardine, sprat, and squid products, A. simplex antigens were not detected. This study provides novel effective tools for the detection of A. simplex proteins in processed food and highlights the potential allergic hazards for Anisakis-sensitized Polish consumers of seafood.
Collapse
|
22
|
Guardone L, Bilska-Zając E, Giusti A, Malandra R, Cencek T, Armani A. Larval ascaridoid nematodes in horned and musky octopus (Eledone cirrhosa and E. moschata) and longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii): Safety and quality implications for cephalopod products sold as fresh on the Italian market. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108812. [PMID: 32805575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence, infection level and distribution of ascaridoid larvae in cephalopod products sold in Italy. Data on the species most commonly commercialized as whole and fresh on the Italian market were collected. After comparing commercial and literature data, Eledone spp., comprising E. cirrhosa and E. moschata (horned octopus and musky octopus, respectively) and Doryteuthis pealeii (longfin inshore squid) were selected, as they had been rarely investigated. Overall, 75 Eledone spp. caught in the Mediterranean Sea (FAO area 37) and 70 D. pealeii from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (FAO area 21) were examined by visual inspection and artificial digestion (viscera and mantle separately). Parasites were submitted to morphological and molecular analysis. Prevalence (P), mean intensity (MI) and mean abundance (MA) were calculated. In D. pealeii, 2 nematode larvae molecularly identified as Anisakis simplex s.s. were found in the viscera and in the mantle of two specimens (P: 2.9% 95% CI: 0-6.8%; MI: 1; MA: 0.028). In Eledone spp. 9 nematode larvae molecularly attributed to Hysterothylacium spp. were found in the mantle of 5 specimens (P: 6.7% 95% CI: 1-12.3%; MI: 1.8; MA: 0.12). This is the first report of A. simplex s.s. in D. pealeii. Considering the zoonotic and allergenic potential of these larvae and their localization also in the edible part (mantle), a potential public health issue exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Guardone
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Bilska-Zając
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - A Giusti
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Malandra
- Wholesale fish market of Milan, ASL of Milan, Viale Molise, 20, 20137 Milan, Italy
| | - T Cencek
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - A Armani
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lakemeyer J, Siebert U, Abdulmawjood A, Ryeng KA, IJsseldijk LL, Lehnert K. Anisakid nematode species identification in harbour porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena) from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and North Atlantic using RFLP analysis. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:93-98. [PMID: 32489854 PMCID: PMC7260678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are the only native cetacean species in the German North and Baltic Seas and the final host of Anisakis (A.) simplex, which infects their first and second gastric compartments and may cause chronic ulcerative gastritis. Anisakis simplex belongs to the family Anisakidae (Ascaridoidea, Rhabditida) as well as the phocine gastric nematode species Pseudoterranova (P.) decipiens and Contracaecum (C.) osculatum. These nematode species are the main causative agents for the zoonosis anisakidosis. The taxonomy of these genus with life cycles including crustaceans and commercially important fish is complex because of the formation of sibling species. Little is known about anisakid species infecting porpoises in the study area. Mature nematodes and larval stages are often identifiable only by molecular methods due to high morphological and genetic similarity. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method is an alternative to sequencing and was applied to identify anisakid nematodes found in harbour porpoises from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and North Atlantic to species level for the first time. In the study areas, five gastric nematodes from different harbour porpoise hosts were selected to be investigated with restriction enzymes HinfI, RsaI and HaeIII, which were able to differentiate several anisakid nematode species by characteristic banding patterns. Anisakis simplex s. s. was the dominant species found in the North Sea and Baltic porpoises, identified by all three restriction enzymes. Additionally, a hybrid of A. simplex s. s. and A. pegreffii was determined by HinfI in the North Sea samples. Within the North Atlantic specimens, A. simplex s. s., P. decipiens s. s. and Hysterothylacium (H.) aduncum were identified by all enzymes. This demonstrates the value of the RFLP method and the chosen restriction enzymes for the species identification of a broad variety of anisakid nematodes affecting the health of marine mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lakemeyer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Amir Abdulmawjood
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrine A. Ryeng
- Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, NO, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lonneke L. IJsseldijk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584, CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristina Lehnert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kochanowski M, Różycki M, Dąbrowska J, Bełcik A, Karamon J, Sroka J, Cencek T. Proteomic and Bioinformatic Investigations of Heat-Treated Anisakis simplex Third-Stage Larvae. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1066. [PMID: 32708775 PMCID: PMC7407331 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae are the main source of hidden allergens in marine fish products. Some Anisakis allergens are thermostable and, even highly processed, could cause hypersensitivity reactions. However, Anisakis proteome has not been studied under autoclaving conditions of 121 °C for 60 min, which is an important process in the food industry. The aim of the study was the identification and characterization of allergens, potential allergens, and other proteins of heat-treated A. simplex larvae. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify 470 proteins, including allergens-Ani s 1, Ani s 2, Ani s 3, Ani s 4, Ani s 5-and 13 potential allergens that were mainly homologs of Anisakis spp., Ascaris spp., and Acari allergens. Ani s 2, Ani s 3, Ani s 5, and three possible allergens were found among the top 25 most abundant proteins. The computational analysis allowed us to detect allergen epitopes, assign protein families, and domains as well as to annotate the localization of proteins. The predicted 3D models of proteins revealed similarities between potential allergens and homologous allergens. Despite the partial degradation of heated A. simplex antigens, their immunoreactivity with anti-A. simplex IgG antibodies was confirmed using a Western blot. In conclusion, identified epitopes of allergenic peptides highlighted that the occurrence of Anisakis proteins in thermally processed fish products could be a potential allergic hazard. Further studies are necessary to confirm the IgE immunoreactivity and thermostability of identified proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kochanowski
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.R.); (J.D.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (J.S.); (T.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.R.); (J.D.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (J.S.); (T.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Polak I, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Stryiński R, Mateos J, Carrera M. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Anisakis simplex s.s.-Evaluation of the Response of Invasive Larvae to Ivermectin. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060710. [PMID: 32604878 PMCID: PMC7349835 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM), an antiparasitic drug, has a positive effect against Anisakis simplex s.s. infection and has been used for the treatment and prevention of anisakiasis in humans. However, the molecular mechanism of action of IVM on A. simplex s.s. remains unknown. Herein, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and extensive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis were used to identify the effect of IVM on the proteome of A. simplex s.s. in vitro. During the study, 3433 proteins, of which 1247 had at least two protein unique peptides, were identified. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed that 59 proteins were differentially regulated (DRPs) in IVM-treated larvae, of which 14 proteins were upregulated and 38 were downregulated after 12 h of culture, but after 24 h, 12 proteins were upregulated and 22 were downregulated. The transcription level of five randomly selected DRPs was determined by real-time PCR as a supplement to the proteomic data. The functional enrichment analysis showed that most of the DRPs were involved in oxidoreductase activity, immunogenicity, protein degradation, and other biological processes. This study has, for the first time, provided comprehensive proteomics data on A. simplex s.s. response to IVM and might deliver new insight into the molecular mechanism by which IVM acts on invasive larvae of A. simplex s.s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.P.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.Ł.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.Ł.-B.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Robertson L, C Arcos S, Ciordia S, Carballeda-Sanguiao N, Mena MDC, Sánchez-Alonso I, Gonzalez-Muñoz M, Careche M, Navas A. Immunoreactive Proteins in the Esophageal Gland Cells of Anisakis Simplex Sensu Stricto Detected by MALDI-TOF/TOF Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E683. [PMID: 32580523 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant and animal nematode parasites, proteins derived from esophageal gland cells have been shown to be important in the host-nematodes relationship but little is known about the allergenic potential of these proteins in the genus Anisakis. Taking into account the increase of anisakiasis and allergies related to these nematodes, immunoreactive properties of gland cell proteins were investigated. Two hundred ventricles were manually dissected from L3 stage larvae of Aniskakis simplex s.s. to allow direct protein analysis. Denaturing gel electrophoresis followed by monochromatic silver staining which revealed the presence of differential (enriched) proteins when compared to total nematode extracts. Such comparison was performed by means of 1D and 2D electrophoresis. Pooled antisera from Anisakis spp.-allergic patients were used in western blots revealing the presence of 13 immunoreactive bands in the ventricular extracts in 1D, with 82 spots revealed in 2D. The corresponding protein bands and spots were excised from the silver-stained gel and protein assignation was made by MALDI-TOF/TOF. A total of 13 (including proteoforms) were unambiguously identified. The majority of these proteins are known to be secreted by nematodes into the external environment, of which three are described as being major allergens in other organisms with different phylogenetic origin and one is an Anisakis simplex allergen.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kołodziejczyk L, Szostakowska B, Sobecka E, Szczucki K, Stankiewicz K. First case of human anisakiasis in Poland. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102073. [PMID: 32044432 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of raw or inadequately processed marine fish may result in anisakidosis - a zoonotic disease caused by larvae of the parasitic nematodes of the family Anisakidae (anisakiasis when caused by members of the genus Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae)), commonly found in a variety of marine fish species all over the world. Most cases of anisakidosis have been detected in the residents of Japan and South Korea, which results from the tradition of eating raw and semi-raw fish dishes. However, the disease is now increasingly often diagnosed in other parts of the world, including Europe (mainly in Spain and Italy). In Poland, no cases of human infection with anisakid nematodes have been detected so far. In this study, we report the first case of gastric anisakiasis in Poland, in a 59-year-old female patient, after eating raw Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The parasite was identified as the third-stage larva of Anisakis simplex sensu stricto on the basis of morphology and molecular analysis. The larva was still alive and causing pain until it was removed, which occurred more than 5 weeks after infection. The described case prove that anisakiasis should be considered as a potential cause of gastrointestinal tract ailments following the consumption of seafood in countries where no cases of this zoonosis have been reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Szostakowska
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Medical University of Gdańsk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sobecka
- Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczucki
- Department of Surgery, Independent Public Healthcare Facility, M. Niedziałkowskiego 4A, 73-200 Choszczno, Poland
| | - Kamil Stankiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Independent Public Healthcare Facility, M. Niedziałkowskiego 4A, 73-200 Choszczno, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang M, Gao Y, Li X, Wang W, Li R. The complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of Anisakis simplex isolated from Anoplopoma fimbria. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:3328-3329. [PMID: 33365978 PMCID: PMC7707344 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1673225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, zoonotic Anisakis simplex was isolated and identified from the outermost layer of the stomach of diseased Anoplopoma fimbria at an industrial farm in Liaoning, North China (122.1842 E, 39.2616 N). With the completion of A. simplex mitochondrial genome sequencing, the full-length mitochondrial genome of A. simplex was assembled and analyzed. All results indicate that the complete mitochondrial genome of A. simplex was 13,899 bp. There were 20 tRNAs and 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and two rRNA all located at the heavy (H) strand. Besides, the phylogenetic tree of 19 A. simplex isolated from different host species was constructed. The results showed that A. simplex isolated from A. fimbria was clustered with Oncorhynchus nerka isolate in a clade. To sum up, our research results would further provide essential data for systematics and evolution study of A. simplex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanqi Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Verga MC, Pastorino R, Casani A, Inturrisi F, de Waure C, Pugliese A, Dello Iacono I. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and clinical relevance of sensitization to Anisakis simplex in children with sensitization and/or allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 49:270-275. [PMID: 29249135 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Prevalence of the Anisakis Simplex's (AS) sensitization in children sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronissynus (DP) is not known, neither it is to which percentage it might be due to cross-reactivity. The primary objective of the present retrospective cross-sectional study is to evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to AS in children sensitized or allergic to DP. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of cross-reactivity and clinical relevance of the condition. The prevalence of sensitization to AS differs significantly among patients sensitized and not to DP (13.43% vs. 3.80%; p=0.019). The higher prevalence is mainly due to cross-reactivity with Der p10 (OR=8.86; 95% CI=4.33-40.74; p=0.0001). Currently, the sensitization to AS seems to have no clinical relevance in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Verga
- Primary Care Pediatrics, ASL Salerno, C.so Umberto I, 103 84019 Vietri sul Mare (SA), Italy Phone: +39 089 761354 Fax: +39 089 761354 Cell: +39 338 3800 589 E-mail:
| | - R Pastorino
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - A Casani
- Primary Care Pediatrics, ASL BN1, Benevento, Italy
| | - F Inturrisi
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - C de Waure
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pugliese
- Ismea, Istituto di Servizi per il Mercato Agricolo Alimentare, Rome, Italy
| | - I Dello Iacono
- Department of Paediatrics, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stryiński R, Mateos J, Pascual S, González ÁF, Gallardo JM, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Medina I, Carrera M. Proteome profiling of L3 and L4 Anisakis simplex development stages by TMT-based quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2019; 201:1-11. [PMID: 30978463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis simplex is a parasitic nematode that can cause anisakiosis and/or allergic reactions in humans. The presence of invasive third-stage larvae (L3) in many different consumed fish species and the fourth-stage larvae (L4) in marine mammals, where L3 can accidentally affect to humans and develop as far as stage L4. World Health Organization and food safety authorities aim to control and prevent this emerging health problem. In the present work, using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics we analyzed for the first time the global proteome of two A. simplex development stages, L3 and L4. The strategy was divided into four steps: (a) protein extraction of L3 and L4 development stages, (b) high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-assisted trypsin digestion, (c) TMT-isobaric mass tag labeling following by high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, and (d) LC-MS/MS analysis in a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. A total of 2443 different proteins of A. simplex were identified. Analysis of the modulated proteins provided the specific proteomic signature of L3 (i.e. pseudocoelomic globin, endochitinase 1, paramyosin) and L4 (i.e. neprilysin-2, glutamate dehydrogenase, aminopeptidase N). To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive dataset of proteins of A. simplex for two development stages (L3 and L4) identified to date. SIGNIFICANCE: A. simplex is a fish-borne parasite responsible for the human anisakiosis and allergic reactions around the world. The work describes for the first-time the comparison of the proteome of two A. simplex stages (L3 and L4). The strategy is based on four steps: (i) protein extraction, (ii) ultra-fast trypsin digestion under High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), (iii) TMT-isobaric mass tag labeling followed by high-pH reversed-phase fractionation and (iv) peptide analysis using a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. The workflow allows to select the most modulated proteins as proteomic signature of those specific development stages (L3 and L4) of A. simplex. Obtained stage-specific proteins, could be used as targets to control/eliminate this parasite and in future eradicate the anisakiosis disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), Department of Food Technology, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Santiago Pascual
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), Department of Food Technology, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ángel F González
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), Department of Food Technology, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José M Gallardo
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), Department of Food Technology, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Isabel Medina
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), Department of Food Technology, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), Department of Food Technology, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Łopieńska-Biernat E, Stryiński R, Dmitryjuk M, Wasilewska B. Infective larvae of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) accumulate trehalose and glycogen in response to starvation and temperature stress. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040014. [PMID: 30824422 PMCID: PMC6451339 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisakis simplex L3 larvae infect fish and other seafood species such as squid or octopi; therefore, humans consuming raw or undercooked fish may become accidental hosts for this parasite. These larvae are induced to enter hypometabolism by cold temperatures. It is assumed that sugars (in particular trehalose and glycogen) are instrumental for survival under environmental stress conditions. To elucidate the mechanisms of environmental stress response in A. simplex, we observed the effects of starvation and temperature on trehalose and glycogen content, the activity of enzymes metabolizing those sugars, and the relative expression of genes of trehalose and glycogen metabolic pathways. The L3 of A. simplex synthesize trehalose both in low (0°C) and high temperatures (45°C). The highest content of glycogen was observed at 45°C at 36 h of incubation. On the second day of incubation, tissue content of trehalose depended on the activity of the enzymes: TPS was more active at 45°C, and TPP was more active at 0°C. The changes in TPP activity were consistent with the transcript level changes of the TPP gene, and the trehalose level, while glycogen synthesis correlates with the expression of glycogen synthase gene at 45°C; this suggests that the synthesis of trehalose is more essential. These results show that trehalose plays a key role in providing energy during the thermotolerance and starvation processes through the molecular and biochemical regulation of trehalose and glycogen metabolism. Summary: Carbohydrate metabolism in L3 of A. simplex is affected by temperature shock and by starvation. The metabolic shift from glycogen to trehalose suggests that blocking or silencing the trehalose synthesis pathway could be a limiting factor for Anisakis life and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dmitryjuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Wasilewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hara Y, Uruma T, Morishima Y, Hirai Y. 'Tingling throat syndrome' as asymptomatic anisakiasis following conveyor belt sushi consumption in Tokyo. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 82:102-103. [PMID: 30904673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomonori Uruma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishima
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Llorens C, Arcos SC, Robertson L, Ramos R, Futami R, Soriano B, Ciordia S, Careche M, González-Muñoz M, Jiménez-Ruiz Y, Carballeda-Sangiao N, Moneo I, Albar JP, Blaxter M, Navas A. Functional insights into the infective larval stage of Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii and their hybrids based on gene expression patterns. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:592. [PMID: 30086708 PMCID: PMC6080401 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii are sibling species of nematodes parasitic on marine mammals. Zoonotic human infection with third stage infective larvae causes anisakiasis, a debilitating and potentially fatal disease. These 2 species show evidence of hybridisation in geographical areas where they are sympatric. How the species and their hybrids differ is still poorly understood. RESULTS Third stage larvae of Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii and hybrids were sampled from Merluccius merluccius (Teleosti) hosts captured in waters of the FAO 27 geographical area. Specimens of each species and hybrids were distinguished with a diagnostic genetic marker (ITS). RNA was extracted from pools of 10 individuals of each taxon. Transcriptomes were generated using Illumina RNA-Seq, and assembled de novo. A joint assembly (here called merged transcriptome) of all 3 samples was also generated. The inferred transcript sets were functionally annotated and compared globally and also on subsets of secreted proteins and putative allergen families. While intermediary metabolism appeared to be typical for nematodes in the 3 evaluated taxa, their transcriptomes present strong levels of differential expression and enrichment, mainly of transcripts related to metabolic pathways and gene ontologies associated to energy metabolism and other pathways, with significant presence of excreted/secreted proteins, most of them allergens. The allergome of the 2 species and their hybrids has also been thoroughly studied; at least 74 different allergen families were identified in the transcriptomes. CONCLUSIONS A. simplex s.s., A. pegreffi and their hybrids differ in gene expression patterns in the L3 stage. Strong parent-of-origin effects were observed: A. pegreffi alleles dominate in the expression patterns of hybrids albeit the latter, and A. pegreffii also display significant differences indicating that hybrids are intermediate biological entities among their parental species, and thus of outstanding interest in the study of speciation in nematodes. Analyses of differential expression based on genes coding for secreted proteins suggests that co-infections presents different repertoires of released protein to the host environment. Both species and their hybrids, share more allergen genes than previously thought and are likely to induce overlapping disease responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Llorens
- Biotechvana, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. C. Arcos
- Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Robertson
- Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica, Campus de Cantoblanco, Scientific Park of Madrid, Calle Faraday, 7, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Futami
- Biotechvana, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - B. Soriano
- Biotechvana, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteomica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Calle Darwin, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Careche
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. González-Muñoz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Carballeda-Sangiao
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Moneo
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. P. Albar
- Unidad de Proteomica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Calle Darwin, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Blaxter
- Edinburgh Genomics, and Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT UK
| | - A. Navas
- Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guardone L, Nucera D, Lodola LB, Tinacci L, Acutis PL, Guidi A, Armani A. Anisakis spp. larvae in different kinds of ready to eat products made of anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) sold in Italian supermarkets. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 268:10-8. [PMID: 29306733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study the occurrence of visible anisakid larvae in semi-preserved anchovy products sold on the Italian market was investigated. Totally, 107 ready to eat products (33 salted-ripened, 49 in oil and 25 marinated) were sampled. Each sample was digested, then the digested material was observed under natural and UV light. Parasites were counted, collected and microscopically identified to genus level. A representative subset was molecularly identified using the cox2 gene. At least one visible Anisakis sp. larva was found in 54.2% of the total 107 products analysed and totally 1283 dead larvae were collected. Anisakis sp. larvae were found in all the 33 salted products and 1139 (88.8%) larvae were collected, with a range of 1-105 parasites per product. Larval density per gram was 0.13. Anisakis sp. larvae were found in 49.0% of the products in oil and 143 (11.1%) larvae were isolated, with a range of 0-28 and a density of 0.03. Only 1 larva was found in the 25 marinated products (4.0%, density 0.00). A highly significant difference between all the product categories in respect of number of larvae per product, frequency of products contaminated by at least one larva and larval density per gram was found. Within the subset of larvae molecularly analysed (n=122), 92 (75.4%) were identified as A. pegreffii and 30 (24.6%) as A. simplex. This study showed that semi-preserved anchovy products heavily contaminated with Anisakis spp. larvae reach the market. Beyond the negligible risk for anisakidosis, the presence of dead visible parasites may cause immediate rejection in consumers. In addition, the potential risk related to allergic reactions in sensitized individuals needs to be further assessed. In order to avoid commercialization of obviously contaminated products, fresh anchovies' batches intended for the production of such products should be accurately selected by the processing industry applying inspection methods.
Collapse
|
35
|
Łopieńska-Biernat E, Molcan T, Paukszto Ł, Jastrzębski JP, Myszczyński K. Modelling studies determing the mode of action of anthelmintics inhibiting in vitro trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) of Anisakis simplex s.l. Exp Parasitol 2017; 184:46-56. [PMID: 29170085 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) enzyme is involved in the synthesis of trehalose, the main sugar in the energy metabolism of nematodes. TPP is a member of the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily and shows a robust and specific phosphatase activity for the substrate trehalose-6-phosphate. The presence of conserved active sites of TPP in closely related nematodes and its absence in humans makes it a promising target for antiparasitic drugs. In the present study, homology modeling, molecular docking and MD simulation techniques were used to explore the structure and dynamics of TPP. In the active site, a magnesium ion is stabilized by 3 coordinate bonds formed by D189, D191 and D400. The key amino acids involved in ligand binding by the enzyme are C198, Y201,T357, D191 and Y197. This study relied on docking to select potential inhibitors of TPP which were tested in vitro for sensitivity to anthelmintic drugs such as levamisole and ivermectin targeting Anisakis simplex. The higher toxicity of LEV than IVM was demonstrated after 96 h, 30% of larvae were motile in cultures with 100 μg/ml of LEV and 1000 μg/ml of IVM. We identified drug combination of LEV-IVM against in vitro A. simplex as agonistic effect (CI = 1.1). Levamisole appeared to be a more effective drug which inhibited enzyme activity after 48 h and expression of mRNA after 96 h at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. This preliminary study predicted the structure of TPP, and the results of an in vitro experiment involving A. simplex will contribute to the development of effective inhibitors with potential antiparasitic activity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Armentia A, Santos J, Serrano Z, Martín B, Martín S, Barrio J, Fernández S, González-Sagrado M, Pineda F, Palacios R. Molecular diagnosis of allergy to Anisakis simplex and Gymnorhynchus gigas fish parasites. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:463-472. [PMID: 28341528 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the prevalence of hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex. There are fish parasites other than Anisakis simplex whose allergenicity has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE To assess IgE hypersensitivity caused by fish parasite allergens in patients with gastro-allergic symptoms after consumption of fish, shellfish or cephalopods, compared with healthy subjects, pollen allergic individuals and children with digestive symptoms after eating marine food. METHODS We carried out in vivo tests (skin prick) and in vitro tests (specific IgE determination, Western blot) and component resolved diagnostics (CRD) using microarray analysis in all patients. RESULTS CRD better detected sensitisation to allergens from marine parasites than skin prick tests and determination of specific IgE by CAP. Sensitisation to Gymnorhynchus gigas was detected in 26% of patients measured by skin prick tests and 36% measured by IgE. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypersensitivity to marine parasite allergens other than Anisakis simplex should be studied, and the most appropriate technique for this is CRD.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tripodi S, Pingitore G, Calvani M, Scala G, Rodriguez-Perez R, Sfika I, Asero R. Anisakis Sensitivity in Italian Children: A Prospective Study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2017; 27:142-143. [PMID: 28398206 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Tripodi
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - M Calvani
- Pediatric Unit, S. Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G Scala
- U.O.S.D. Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Loreto Crispi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - R Rodriguez-Perez
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sfika
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Asero
- Allergy Unit, Clinica san Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abe N, Teramoto I. Anisakis haemoglobin is a main antigen inducing strong and prolonged immunoreactions in rats. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2035-9. [PMID: 28497226 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis simplex larvae are well known to cause gastrointestinal and allergic manifestations after ingestion of parasitized raw or undercooked seafood. The antibody recognition dynamics against the components of Anisakis larval antigen after primary and re-infection with Anisakis live larvae remain unclear. For this study, immunoblot analyses of serum IgG, IgE, and IgM against Anisakis larval somatic extract were performed in rats that had been orally inoculated with A. simplex live larvae. Multiple antigen fractions were recognized after primary infection. Their reaction was enhanced after re-infection. Antibody recognition was observed for 12 weeks after re-infection. The fraction of approximately 35 kDa contained a main antigen that induced strong and prolonged immunoreactions in IgG and IgE. The antibody reaction to this fraction appeared to be enhanced after inoculation of larval homogenates. This fraction was heat tolerant with boiling for 30 min. The fraction was spotted by immunoblotting after two-dimensional electrophoresis and was identified as Anisakis haemoglobin (Ani s 13) using mass spectrometry analysis. The amino acid sequences of haemoglobin mRNAs from two A. simplex sensu stricto and one Anisakis pegreffii were identified by RACE-PCR. They differed from those of two isolates of Pseudoterranova decipiens and A. pegreffii. Results of this study show that Anisakis haemoglobin, which is known to be a major allergen of A. simplex, induces strong and prolonged immunoreaction in rats. This report is the first to show the amino acid sequence variation of Anisakis haemoglobin mRNA between A. simplex sensu stricto and A. pegreffii.
Collapse
|
39
|
Yamada A, Ikeda N, Ono H. The complete mitochondrial genome of Anisakis pegreffii Campana-Rouget & Biocca, 1955, (Nematoda, Chromadorea, Rhabditida, Anisakidae) - clarification of mitogenome sequences of the Anisakis simplex species complex. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:240-241. [PMID: 33473784 PMCID: PMC7800010 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1318678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Anisakis pegreffii (former A. simplex A) was determined using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The genome was 14,002 bp in length made up of 36 mitochondrial genes (12 CDSs, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis clarified the mitogenome sequences of the three sibling species of the A. simplex species complex, A. pegreffii, A. simplex sensu stricto and A. berlandi (former A. simplex C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yamada
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruka Ono
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ventura MT, Rodriguez-Perez R, Caballero ML, Garcia-Alonso M, Antonicelli L, Asero R. IgE, IgG 1 and IgG 4 response to specific allergens in sensitized subjects showing different clinical reactivity to Anisakis simplex. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 49:52-58. [PMID: 28294584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Anisakis simplex hypersensitive subjects may be sensitized without clinical allergy, or experience acute symptoms or chronic urticaria induced by raw fish. We studied whether the 3 subgroups differ in IgE, IgG1 or IgG4 reactivity to specific Anisakis simplex allergens. Methods. 28 Anisakis simplex-hypersensitive adults, 11 with acute symptoms, 9 with chronic urticaria, and 8 sensitized were studied. IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 to rAni s 1, 5, 9 and 10 were sought by ELISA. IgE and IgG4 to nAni s 4 were determined by WB. Results. IgE to Ani s 1, 4, 5, 9, and 10 were found in 8, 3, 2, 5, and 9 sera, respectively. Nine sera did not react to any allergen. IgG1 to Ani s 1, 5, 9, and 10 were detected in 5, 16, 14, and 4 sera, respectively. Four sera did not react to any of the 4 allergens. IgG4 to Ani s 1, 4, 5, 9, and 10 were detected in 10, 0, 2, 6 and 1 sera, respectively. Fifteen subjects did not react to any of the 5 allergens. On ELISA sensitized subjects showed lower IgE and IgG1 levels than patients. IgG4 levels were highest in the sensitized group. The prevalence of IgE, IgG1 or IgG4 reactivity to any of the studied allergens did not differ between the 3 subgroups. Conclusion. The clinical expression of Anisakis simplex sensitization does not seem to depend on IgE reactivity to a specific allergen of the parasite, nor on the presence of IgG antibodies possibly related with blocking activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Ventura
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - R Rodriguez-Perez
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Caballero
- La Paz Hospital, Allergy Department, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Garcia-Alonso
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy. Phone: +39 02 9903 8470 Fax: +39 02 9903 8223 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barbarroja-Escudero J, Sanchez-Gonzalez MJ, Antolin-Amerigo D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez M, Alvarez-Mon M. Nonoccupational Airborne-Induced Anaphylaxis Caused by Anisakis simplex. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2016; 26:196-7. [PMID: 27326991 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Barbarroja-Escudero
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Antolin-Amerigo
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alvarez-Mon
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fæste CK, Moen A, Schniedewind B, Haug Anonsen J, Klawitter J, Christians U. Development of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for the quantitation of Anisakis simplex proteins in fish. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1432:58-72. [PMID: 26787163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The parasite Anisakis simplex is present in many marine fish species that are directly used as food or in processed products. The anisakid larvae infect mostly the gut and inner organs of fish but have also been shown to penetrate into the fillet. Thus, human health can be at risk, either by contracting anisakiasis through the consumption of raw or under-cooked fish, or by sensitisation to anisakid proteins in processed food. A number of different methods for the detection of A. simplex in fish and products thereof have been developed, including visual techniques and PCR for larvae tracing, and immunological assays for the determination of proteins. The recent identification of a number of anisakid proteins by mass spectrometry-based proteomics has laid the groundwork for the development of two quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for the detection of A. simplex in fish that are described in the present study. Both, the label-free semi-quantitative nLC-nESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS (MS1) and the heavy peptide-applying absolute-quantitative (AQUA) LC-TripleQ-MS/MS (MS2) use unique reporter peptides derived from anisakid hemoglobin and SXP/RAL-2 protein as analytes. Standard curves in buffer and in salmon matrix showed limits of detection at 1μg/mL and 10μg/mL for MS1 and 0.1μg/mL and 2μg/mL for MS2. Preliminary method validation included the assessment of sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and applicability to incurred and naturally-contaminated samples for both assays. By further optimization and full validation in accordance with current recommendations the LC-MS/MS methods could be standardized and used generally as confirmative techniques for the detection of A. simplex protein in fish.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tejada M, Olivares F, de las Heras C, Careche M, Solas MT, García ML, Fernandez A, Mendizábal A, Navas A, Rodríguez-Mahillo AI, González-Muñoz M. Antigenicity of Anisakis simplex s.s. L3 in parasitized fish after heating conditions used in the canning processing. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:922-927. [PMID: 24888867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some technological and food processing treatments applied to parasitized fish kill the Anisakis larvae and prevent infection and sensitization of consumers. However, residual allergenic activity of parasite allergens has been shown. The aim here was to study the effect of different heat treatments used in the fish canning processing industry on the antigen recognition of Anisakis L3. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were experimentally infected with live L3 Anisakis. After 48 h at 5 ± 1 °C, brine was added to the muscle, which was then canned raw (live larvae) or heated (90 °C, 30 min) (dead larvae) and treated at 113 °C for 60 min or at 115 °C for 90 min. Anisakis antigens and Ani s 4 were detected with anti-crude extract and anti-Ani s 4 antisera respectively. RESULTS Ani s 4 decreased in all lots, but the muscle retained part of the allergenicity irrespective of the canning method, as observed by immunohistochemistry. Dot blot analysis showed a high loss of Ani s 4 recognition after canning, but residual antigenicity was present. CONCLUSION The results indicate that heat treatment for sterilization under the conditions studied produces a decrease in Ani s 4 and suggest a potential exposure risk for Anisakis-sensitized patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Tejada
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Reported fish allergy prevalence varies widely, with an estimated prevalence of 0.2% in the general population. Sensitization to fish can occur by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation. The manifestations can be IgE or non-IgE mediated. Several fish allergens have been identified, with parvalbumins being the major allergen in various species. Allergenicity varies among fish species and is affected by processing or preparation methods. Adverse reactions after eating fish are often claimed to be 'allergy' but could be a reaction to hidden food allergen, fish parasite, fish toxins or histamine in spoiled fish. Identifying such causes would allow free consumption of fish. Correct diagnosis of fish allergy, including the specific species, might provide the patient with safe alternatives. Patients have been generally advised for strict universal avoidance of fish. However, testing with various fish species or preparations might identify one or more forms that can be tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Mourad
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cho MK, Park MK, Kang SA, Caballero ML, Perez-Pinar T, Rodriguez-Perez R, Ock MS, Cha HJ, Hong YC, Yu HS. Allergenicity of two Anisakis simplex allergens evaluated in vivo using an experimental mouse model. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:71-7. [PMID: 25300761 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis (Anisakidae) is one of the most important causes of helminth-induced allergic reactions and elicits clinical responses that include urticaria, rhinitis, bronco-constriction, cough, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms. More than 13 reactive allergens have been identified in the serum of Anisakis allergy patients, but the allergenicity of only a few of these have been evaluated in vivo using a mouse model. To evaluate the allergenicity of two important allergens, Ani s 1 and Ani s 9, we induced experimental allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model by repeated intranasal administration of the allergens. Both recombinant proteins (rAni s 1 and rAni s 9) elicited increased airway hyperresponsivity, airway infiltration by inflammatory cells (especially eosinophils), bronchial epithelial cell hyperplasia, all of which are characteristic of allergic airway inflammation. These allergens significantly increased the levels of Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-25) and Th17 related cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17) in both splenocytes and airway (except IL-17 in airway by rAni s 9). OVA-specific IgE and total IgE were increased in rAni s 1 and rAni s 9 treated mice as compared with controls treated with OVA alone. In addition, these two allergens induced gene expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 (initiators of the Th2 response), as well as CXCL1 (initiator of the Th17 response) in mouse lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, repeated intranasal treatments with rAni s 1 and rAni s 9 induced airway inflammation in mice by elevating of Th2 and Th17 responses in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Cho
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Mee Sun Ock
- Department of Parasitology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Chul Hong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bak TJ, Jeon CH, Kim JH. Occurrence of anisakid nematode larvae in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) caught off Korea. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 191:149-56. [PMID: 25268324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is a pelagic fish species widely distributing in the Indo-Pacific and a commercially important fish species in Korea. It is known to harbor anisakid nematodes larvae, and ingesting the raw or undercooked fish can accidentally cause human infection. In this study, we isolated the nematode larvae in 417 chub mackerel caught from 7 sampling locations around the Korean Peninsula in 2011 and 2012, and identified them by PCR-RFLP of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) of ribosomal DNA and the direct sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA cox2 gene. The prevalence of infection was 55.4% (231/417) and the mean intensity was 7.0 (1628/231). Most of the nematodes (1523/1628; 93.6%) were found in the body cavity, while 5.5% (89/1628) were found in the gastrointestinal tract. Four different species were identified by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. Most of the nematodes (1535/1628; 94.3%) were identified as Anisakis pegreffii, and 2.8% (46/1628) were identified as Hysterothylacium sp. A hybrid genotype (Anisakis simplex sensu stricto×A. pegreffii) and A. simplex sensu stricto were 2.5% (41/1628) and 0.4% (6/1628) of the identified nematodes, respectively. The anisakid nematode assemblage of chub mackerel in Korea was similar to that of chub mackerel from the Tsushima Current stock in Japan, in that A. pegreffii was the dominant species. Since most of the anisakid nematodes were found in the body cavity and most of them were identified as A. pegreffii or Hysterothylacium sp. by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing, chub mackerel may not greatly contribute to human anisakidosis in Korea. Alternately, A. pegreffii may be responsible for human anisakidosis in Korea, in addition to A. simplex sensu stricto. Further studies, such as the molecular diagnosis of human anisakidosis, are necessary for assessing the epidemiological role of chub mackerel in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jong Bak
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hyeok Jeon
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fæste CK, Jonscher KR, Dooper MM, Egge-Jacobsen W, Moen A, Daschner A, Egaas E, Christians U. Characterisation of potential novel allergens in the fish parasite Anisakis simplex. EuPA Open Proteom 2014; 4:140-155. [PMID: 27110489 PMCID: PMC4840464 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex occurs in fish stocks in temperate seas. A. simplex contamination of fish products is unsavoury and a health concern considering human infection with live larvae (anisakiasis) and allergic reactions to anisakid proteins in seafood. Protein extracts of A. simplex produce complex band patterns in gel electrophoresis and IgE-immunostaining. In the present study potential allergens have been characterised using sera from A. simplex-sensitised patients and proteome data obtained by mass spectrometry. A. simplex proteins were homologous to allergens in other nematodes, insects, and shellfish indicating cross-reactivity. Characteristic marker peptides for relevant A. simplex proteins were described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kruse Fæste
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway. Tel.: +47 23216232; fax: +47 23216201, (C.K. Fæste)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Daschner
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bahlool QZM, Skovgaard A, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Effects of excretory/secretory products from Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) on immune gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:734-739. [PMID: 23769875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Excretory/secretory (ES) products are molecules produced by parasitic nematodes, including larval Anisakis simplex, a parasite occurring in numerous marine fish hosts. The effects of these substances on host physiology have not been fully described. The present work elucidates the influence of ES substances on the fish immune system by measuring immune gene expression in spleen and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) injected intraperitoneally with ES products isolated from A. simplex third stage larvae. The overall gene expression profile of exposed fish showed a generalized down-regulation of the immune genes tested, suggesting a role of ES proteins in immunomodulation. We also tested the enzymatic activity of the ES proteins and found that lipase, esterase/lipase, valine and cysteine arylamidases, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and α-galactosidase activities were present in the ES solution. This type of hydrolytic enzyme activity may play a role in nematode penetration of host tissue. In addition, based on the notion that A. simplex ES products may have an immune-depressive effect (by minimizing immune gene expression) it could also be suggested that worm enzymes directly target host immune molecules which would add to a decreased host immune response and increased worm survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qusay Z M Bahlool
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cho SH, Lee SE, Park OH, Na BK, Sohn WM. Larval anisakid infections in marine fish from three sea areas of the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2012; 50:295-9. [PMID: 23230326 PMCID: PMC3514420 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the infection status of anisakid larvae in marine fish collected from 3 sea areas of the Republic of Korea. Total 86 marine fish (8 species) collected from the East Sea (Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do), 171 fish (10 species) from the South Sea (Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do), and 92 fish (7 species) from the Yellow Sea (Incheon Metropolitan City) were examined by both naked eyes and artificial digestion method. Among the total of 349 fish examined, 213 (61.0%) were infected with 8 species of anisakid larvae, i.e., Anisakis simplex, 6 types of Contracaecum spp., and Raphidascaris sp., and the mean larval density was 13.8 per infected fish. Anisakid larvae were detected in 45 fish (52.3%) from the East Sea, 131 fish (76.6%) from the South Sea, and 37 fish (40.2%) from the Yellow Sea. The average numbers of larvae detected were 4.0, 16.6, and 15.9, respectively. Anisakis simplex larvae were detected in 149 fish (42.7%), and the mean larval density was 9.0 per infected fish. They were found in 26 fish (30.2%) collected from the East Sea, 96 fish (56.1%) from the South Sea, and 27 fish (29.3%) from the Yellow Sea. The average numbers of larvae detected were 2.9, 10.3, and 10.5, respectively. Conclusively, the present study suggests that the infection rate and density of anisakid larvae are more or less higher in the fish from the South Sea than those from the East Sea or the Yellow Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon 363-951, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Park HK, Cho MK, Park MK, Kang SA, Kim YS, Kim KU, Lee MK, Ock MS, Cha HJ, Yu HS. A 24 kDa excretory-secretory protein of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit allergic airway inflammation in mice. Korean J Parasitol 2011; 49:373-80. [PMID: 22355204 PMCID: PMC3279675 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-α (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|