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Patra M, Upadhyay SN, Dubey SK. Synchrotron induced X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy reveals heavy metal translocation in sludge amended soil-plant systems: assessment of ecological and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:399. [PMID: 39190042 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of composted sludge from sewage treatment plants as a soil amendment is a common practice of recycling nutrients like organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The sewage generated in larger cities of developing countries is often contaminated with various heavy metals (HMs) that ultimately end up in composted sludge. Thus, using such composted sludge is likely to pose ecological and human health risks. Hence, the knowledge of HM translocation in sludge-soil-plant systems is of vital importance. The present study was aimed at investigating the HM translocation in sludge-soil-plant system. The HM translocation was measured using synchrotron radiation-induced x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated high HM mobility (up to 2628.5 mg kg-1) from sludge to spinach plant. The metal accumulation (mg kg-1) ranged in the order-Fe (950.55-2628.5) > Zn (20.11-172.13) > Cu (13.86-136.17) > Mn (2.13-34.67) > Cd (0.11-31.17) > Pb (1.50-30.16) > Co (0.18-9.85) As (0.02-7.80) > Cr (0.01-5.69). This observed accumulation depended on the volume of sewage being treated in the sewage treatment plant (STP) and varied in the order control < (8 MLD Bhagwanpur, STP 1) < (80 MLD Dinapur, STP2) < (140 MLD Dinapur, STP3) hence the HM load coming into STPs. The metal transfer factor, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor values also correlated with the abundance of Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in spinach root and shoot compartments. The carcinogenic risk for heavy metal carcinogens like As, Cd, Cr, and Pb revealed children being more prone to cancer upon spinach consumption. Hence, it is necessary to assess the heavy metals present in the sludge prior to its application in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Patra
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Siddha Nath Upadhyay
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jayas, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh, 229304, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Ugulu I, Sahin I, Khan ZI, Akcicek E. Source Identification of Potentially Toxic Metals in Plants of Alpine Ecosystems of Mt. Madra by Positive Matrix Factorization. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 113:29. [PMID: 39152315 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in plants sampled from Mt. Madra were investigated. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics and source identification of potentially toxic metals were investigated with the application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modelling. Samples of 26 different plant species were taken from Mt. Madra at elevations ranging from 177 to 1347 m using the multi-point sampling approach. The metal quantities measured by ICP-OES are the following sequences (mean ± SD) (mg/kg): Fe (974.96 ± 29.6) > Mn (111.81 ± 2.6) > Zn (27.28 ± 0.2) > Ni (2.17 ± 0.03) > Pb (0.77 ± 0.01) > Cd (0.12 ± 0.01). According to the plant samples in which the highest values were determined, the metals are as follows: Cd (Lathyrus laxiflorus, 0.401 mg/kg), Fe (Ajuga orientalis, 7621.207 mg/kg), Mn (Castanea sativa, 724.927 mg/kg), Ni (Prunella laciniata, 6.947 mg/kg), Pb (Crataegus stevenii, 3.955 mg/kg) and Zn (Prunella laciniata, 50.802 mg/kg). The results of the PMF model showed that Cd had an atmospheric transport factor originated and transported from industrial activites, Ni had a substrate factor, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were influenced by different anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ekrem Akcicek
- Faculty of Education, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Mumtaz M, Ahmad K, Memona H, Akhtar S, Ashfaq A. Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Citrus Limetta & Citrus Sinensis Irrigated by Wastewater. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 113:5. [PMID: 38980525 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different irrigation sources on the levels of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn) in the edibles of citrus fruits (Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta). The samples of fruit, soil and water were collected from two locations (fresh water irrigated-FW I and sewage water irrigated-SW II) within the city of Sargodha. The samples utilized in the study for metal analysis were prepared utilizing the wet acid digestion method. Metal determination was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The potentially toxic metal values in the citrus samples ranged from 0.010 to 0.063, 0.015 to 0.293, 6.691 to 11.342 and 0.366 to 0.667 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn, respectively. Analysis of Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis indicated that the highest concentration of Cr, Fe and Mn is observed at the sewage water irrigation site (SW-II), whilst the minimum levels of Cr, Fe and Mn were observed at the fresh water irrigation site (FW-I). The results show that the levels of these metals in soil and fruit samples meet the acceptable guidelines outlined by USEPA and WHO. It was found that the metal pollution constitutes a potential threat to human health due to the HRI values for Cd, Cr, and Fe being above 1, despite the DIM values being below 1. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is highly recommended in order to minimise health risks to individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Special Education Department, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Memona
- Department of Zoology, Queen Marry College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Orellana-Mendoza E, Camel V, Yallico L, Quispe-Coquil V, Cosme R. Effect of fertilization on the accumulation and health risk for heavy metals in native Andean potatoes in the highlands of Perú. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:594-606. [PMID: 38813462 PMCID: PMC11135040 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil infertility is a global problem, amendments such as organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are used to improve crop yields. However, these fertilizers contain heavy metals as well as essential mineral elements. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in tubers. The plants were cultivated at an altitude of 3970 m using four treatments (poultry manure, alpaca manure, island guano and inorganic fertilizer) and a control group. Soil contamination levels and the degree of metal accumulation in the tubers were also determined. As a result, it was found that the use of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure increased the values of Cu and Zn in soils, exceeding the recommended standards. The accumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers did not exceed the maximum recommended limits with the exception of Pb, which exceeded the limit allowed by the FAO/WHO (0.1 mg kg-1). Poultry manure contributed to the highest accumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in tubers with 11.62±1.30, 3.48±0.20 and 0.12 ±0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The transfer of metals from the soil to the tubers was less than 1. Individual and total non-carcinogenic risk values were less than 1, indicating a safe level of consumption for children and adults. The cancer risk was found to be within an acceptable range. However, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments had the highest total cancer risk values in both age groups, suggesting a long-term carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Orellana-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú; Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909-4089, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | - Vladimir Camel
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad César Vallejo, Lima, Peru
| | - Luz Yallico
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Violeta Quispe-Coquil
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Roberto Cosme
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Bibi S, Ahmad K, Munir M, Memona H. Evaluation of the Effects of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables and Human Health in the Cauliflower Example : Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cauliflower. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:44. [PMID: 38416161 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The goals of the present research were to determine the heavy metal contents in the water-soil-cauliflower samples in industrial wastewater irrigated areas and to assess the health risks of these metals to the people. Metal analyses were carried out using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace. The metal readings in the cauliflower specimens ranged from 1.153 to 1.389, 0.037 to 0.095, 0.61 to 0.892, 0.625 to 0.921, 1.165 to 2.399, 0.561 to 0.652, 0.565 to 0.585, 0.159 to 0.218 and 1.268 to 1.816 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. Statistics revealed that, with the exception of Pb and Co (p > 0.05), there was no statistically significant variation in the metal concentrations in the cauliflower samples according to the irrigation type. Pb, Ni, and Cr had HRI values below 1.0 and did not seem to be a hazard to human health, in contrast to Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, which glanced to constitute a health risk. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is strongly advised to reduce health hazards to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Special Education Department, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Zafar I Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Memona
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Guan TX, Lu ZP, Yue M, Li BG, Fu AG, Zhang XD, Li ZH. Accumulation of livestock manure-derived heavy metals in the Hexi Corridor oasis agricultural alkaline soil and bioavailability to Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) after 4-year continuous application. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122969. [PMID: 37989408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hexi Corridor is one of the most important base of vegetable producing areas in China. Livestock manure (LM) applied to agricultural field could lead to soil heavy metal (HM) pollution. Previous studies have focused on HM pollution following LM application in acidic polluted soils; however, fewer studies have been conducted in alkaline unpolluted soils. A 4-year field vegetable production experiment was conducted using pig manure (PM) and chicken manure (CM) at five application rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 t ha-1) to elucidate potential risks of HMs in an alkaline unpolluted soil in the Hexi Corridor oasis agricultural area and HM uptake by Chinese cabbage. The results showed that LM application caused a significant build-up of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni content in topsoil by 30.6-99.7%, 11.4-51.7%, 1.4-31.3%, 5.6-44.9%, 14%-40.8%, respectively. The Cd, Cu, Zn could potentially exceed the soil threshold in next 8-65 years after 15-60 t ha-1 LM application. Under LM treatment, the soil DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn, Fe, the acid-extractable fraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, and the Oxidable fraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni significantly increased, but the DTPA-extractable Pb, Cd, the acid-extractable fraction of Pb, and the reducible fraction of Cd significantly decreased. Cu and Zn could migrate to the deeper soil and relatively increase in DTPA-extracted Cu, Zn were found in 20-40 cm soil depth after LM application. The pH and SOM could influence the bioavailability of HMs in soil. The bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor (TF) values were <1 except Mn (TF > 1). HMs in leaf did not approach the threshold for HM toxicity due to the "dilution effect". Recommend the type of manure was the PM and the annual PM application rate was 30 t ha-1 to ensure a 20-year period of clean production in alkaline unpolluted Fluvo-aqiuc vegetable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xia Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China
| | - Zhao-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Bao-Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhong-Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Yang H, Li J, Mao J, Xu C, Song J, Xie F. Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with LC-MS/MS for the Analysis of Two Ochratoxins in Capsicum. Molecules 2023; 28:7634. [PMID: 38005355 PMCID: PMC10673409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxins, a common class of mycotoxin in capsicum, and techniques and methods for the determination of mycotoxins in spices have been increasingly developed in recent years. An innovative and eco-friendly method of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was demonstrated in this study, based on a synthesized deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with LC-MS/MS, for the quantification and analysis of two ochratoxins in capsicum. The DES-DLLME method parameters entail selecting the DES type (thymol:decanoic acid, molar ratio 1:1) and DES volume (100 μL). The volume of water (3 mL) and salt concentration (0 g) undergo optimization following a step-by-step approach to achieve optimal target substance extraction efficiency. The matrix effect associated with the direct detection of the target substance in capsicum was significantly reduced in this study by the addition of isotopic internal standards corresponding to the target substance. This facilitated optimal conditions wherein quantitative analysis using LC-MS/MS revealed a linear range of 0.50-250.00 µg/mL, with all two curves calibrated with internal standards showing correlation coefficients (r2) greater than 0.9995. The method's limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) fell in the ranges of 0.14-0.45 μg/kg and 0.45-1.45 μg/kg, respectively. The method's spiked recoveries ranged from 81.97 to 105.17%, indicating its sensitivity and accuracy. The environmental friendliness of the technique was assessed using two green assessment tools, AGREE and complexGAPI, and the results showed that the technique was more in line with the concept of sustainable development compared to other techniques for detecting ochratoxins in capsicum. Overall, this study provides a new approach for the determination of mycotoxins in a complex food matrix such as capsicum and other spices using DES and also contributes to the application of green analytical chemistry methods in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.L.); (C.X.); (J.S.); (F.X.)
| | - Jin Li
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.L.); (C.X.); (J.S.); (F.X.)
| | - Jianfei Mao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Guizhou Jiandee Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chan Xu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.L.); (C.X.); (J.S.); (F.X.)
| | - Jieyu Song
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.L.); (C.X.); (J.S.); (F.X.)
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.L.); (C.X.); (J.S.); (F.X.)
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang 550014, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
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Ribeiro MDO, de Abreu CB, Pinho CS, Ribeiro LDO, Neto ADDA, Teixeira LSG, Azcarate SM, Dias FDS. Application of two- and multiway chemometric strategies for describing elementomic changes in pepper plants exposed to cadmium stress by multielement determination. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139831. [PMID: 37607598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate elemental changes in pepper exposed to Cd stress through different chemometric tools. For this purpose, pepper plants were grown under five different treatments with different Cd concentrations in the nutrient solution. Considering the hypothesis that pepper plants exposed to Cd stress during growth undergo changes in the macro- and microelemental distribution in leaves, stems, and roots, principal component analysis (PCA) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis were applied to compare bidirectional and multivariate chemometric strategies to assess elemental changes in pepper plants. Since the number of variables and the data generated were large and complex, the application of chemometric tools was justified to facilitate the visualization and interpretation of results. The mineral composition, namely the Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, and P contents, was assessed in 180 samples of leaves, stems, and roots of the cultivated peppers. Then, PCA and PARAFAC analysis were applied to compare bidirectional and multivariate chemometric strategies to assess elemental changes throughout pepper plants. The visualization of the trend on each sample and their intrinsic relationship with the variables were possible with the application of PCA. The use of PARAFAC analysis permitted the simultaneous study of all samples in a straightforward representation of the information that facilitated a quick and comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution of elements in plants. Thus, macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, N, and P) that were found in higher concentrations in leaves did not present significant differences in the distribution along the plants under different treatment conditions. In contrast, a significant impact on the microelement (Cu, Fe, and Mn) distribution was produced between uncontaminated and contaminated samples. This analysis revealed a significant accumulation of Cd in roots and adverse effects on normal plant growth, demonstrating their level of phytotoxicity to pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos de O Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Cruz Das Almas, 44380-000, Cruz Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Claudia B de Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Cruz Das Almas, 44380-000, Cruz Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cindy S Pinho
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Cruz Das Almas, 44380-000, Cruz Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas de O Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Cruz Das Almas, 44380-000, Cruz Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - André D de A Neto
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Cruz Das Almas, 44380-000, Cruz Das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S G Teixeira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-280, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; INCT de Energia e Ambiente - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-280, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Azcarate
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, And Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Av. Uruguay 151, Santa Rosa, L6300CLB, La Pampa, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy, Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
| | - Fabio de S Dias
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-280, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Bashir H, Mehmood N, Zafar A. Arsenic Levels and Seasonal Variation in Pasture Soil, Forage and Horse Blood Plasma in Central Punjab, Pakistan. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:64. [PMID: 37904063 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the accumulation levels of arsenic in pasture soil, forage and animals. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of metals in the samples of soil, forage and blood plasma of horses. The level of arsenic ranged between 4.26 mg/kg (summer) and 4.66 mg/kg (winter) in soil samples and 2.67 mg/kg (summer) and 2.94 mg/kg (winter) in forage samples. In blood plasma samples, the mean arsenic (As) values varied between 1.38 and 1.52 mg/L. In the blood plasma samples, the mean As values varied between 1.38 and 1.52 mg/L. No statistically significant changes were observed for arsenic concentrations in plasma samples of horses for sampling seasons (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed for forage and blood plasma to a certain degree for arsenic but for other media, arsenic correlations were negative and insignificant. It is therefore suggested that regular monitoring of heavy metals in soils/plants/animals is essential to prevent excessive build-up of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Alrefaei AF, Bibi S, Ahmad K, Memona H, Mahpara S, Mehmood N, Almutairi MH, Batool AI, Ashfaq A, Noorka IR. Influence of Industrial Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Content in Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.): Ecological and Health Risk Assessment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3652. [PMID: 37896115 PMCID: PMC10609805 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the heavy metal contents in the water-soil-coriander samples in an industrial wastewater irrigated area and to assess the health risks of these metals to consumers. Sampling was done from areas adjoining the Chistian sugar mill district Sargodha and two separate sites irrigated with groundwater (Site 1), and sugar mill effluents (Site 2) were checked for possible metal contamination. The water-soil-coriander continuum was tested for the presence of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The mean concentrations of all metals were higher than the permissible limits for all studied metals except for Mn in the sugar mill wastewater, with Fe (8.861 mg/L) and Zn (9.761 mg/L) exhibiting the highest values. The mean levels of Fe (4.023 mg/kg), Cd (2.101 mg/kg), Cr (2.135 mg/kg), Cu (2.180 mg/kg), and Ni (1.523 mg/kg) were high in the soil at Site 2 in comparison to the groundwater irrigated site where Fe (3.232 mg/kg) and Cd (1.845 mg/kg) manifested high elemental levels. For coriander specimens, only Cd had a higher mean level in both the groundwater (1.245 mg/kg) and the sugar mill wastewater (1.245 mg/kg) irrigated sites. An estimation of the pollution indices yielded a high risk from Cd (health risk index (HRI): 173.2), Zn (HRI: 7.012), Mn (HRI: 6.276), Fe (HRI: 1.709), Cu (HRI: 1.282), and Ni (HRI: 1.009), as all values are above 1.0 indicating a hazard to human health from consuming coriander irrigated with wastewater. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is strongly advised to reduce health hazards to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak 64000, Turkey
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Hafsa Memona
- Department of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mikhlid Hammad Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
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Ugulu I, Bibi S, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Munir M, Malik IS. Does Industrial Wastewater Irrigation Cause Potentially Toxic Metal Contamination and Risk to Human Health? Sugar Industry Wastewater and Radish Examples. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:109. [PMID: 37301784 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to appraise potentially toxic metal contents in the soil-radish system in industrial wastewater irrigated areas. The analysis of metals in water, soil and radish samples were performed with spectrophotometric method. The potentially toxic metal values in the wastewater irrigated radish samples were ranged from 1.25 to 1.41, 0.02 to 0.10, 0.77 to 0.81, 0.72 to 0.80, 0.92 to 1.19, 0.69 to 0.78, 0.08 to 0.11, 1.64 to 1.67 and 0.49 to 0.63 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. The potentially toxic metal values in the soil and radish samples irrigated with wastewater were lower than the maximum allowable limits, except for Cd. The results of the Health Risk Index evaluation conducted in this study also showed that the accumulations of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Zn, especially Cd, pose a health risk in terms of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Special Education Department, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar I Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ifra S Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Ugulu I, Bibi S, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Munir M, Malik IS. Potentially Toxic Metal Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Irrigated with Industrial Wastewater and Health Risk Assessment from Consumption. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1117-1125. [PMID: 35984458 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the potentially toxic metal contents in soil and spinach samples in areas irrigated with industrial wastewater and to evaluate the potentially toxic metal accumulation in spinach samples according to pollution indices. Water, soil and spinach samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer AAS-300). In this study, it was determined that the potentially toxic metal values in the spinach samples irrigated with groundwater and sugar industry wastewater varied between 1.59 and 1.84, 0.22-0.68, 0.56-1.14, 1.41-1.56, 1.62-3.23, 0.57-1.02, 0.86-1.33, 0.20-0.32 and 0.35-2.10 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. It was concluded that the difference between the metal values in the spinach samples according to the irrigation sources was statistically significant, except for Cu and Pb (p > 0.05). According to the results of this study, there is no health risk for Pb, Co and Cr with HRI values below 1.0, while there is a risk for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn. The much higher HRI values of Cd than 1 (196.8 and 169.6) suggested that this metal is likely to cause significant health problems in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar I Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ifra S Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Li J, Du H, Peng F, Manyande A, Xiong S. Evaluation of the Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Heavy Metal Levels in Crayfish Muscle. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03476-0. [PMID: 36418635 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of various cooking styles (boiling, frying, and steaming) and seasoning methods (home cooking and ready-to-eat commodity) on levels of nine heavy metals in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) muscle. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotients (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) were used to assess the health risk in the crayfish muscle. The results showed that cooking processes significantly increased the concentration of Cu, which raises a potential risk for children (the THQ values > 1). The levels of toxic heavy metals in the ready-to-eat crayfish muscle were significantly higher than those in household cooking. Especially for As, the THQ values rose to 7.1 and 13.2 for adults and children respectively. Therefore, home cooking is safer than ready-to-eat crayfish, and children should consume crayfish within a limited range. The recommended consumption of the cooked abdominal muscle of crayfish should be 257 and 58 g/day, for children (16 kg) and adults (70 kg), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangjun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex, TW8 9GA, UK
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Yang L, Xu M, Chen Y, Jing H, Zhang J, Yang W, Wu P. Dynamic Effect of Organic Fertilizer Application on Rice Growth, Soil Physicochemical Properties and Cd Activity Exposed to Excess Cd. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:643-650. [PMID: 35908112 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic effects of organic fertilizer application on the agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.), soil physicochemical properties and soil Cd activity under excess cadmium (Cd) exposure, this study was conducted to simulate a paddy system under different organic fertilizer application rates using exogenous spiked Cd soil as the test soil and conducting a rice pot experiment. The obtained results showed that the application of organic fertilizer increased the number of rice tillers, rice plant height, total grain number and total grain weight at maturity in all treated soils, while it decreased the concentration of Cd in brown rice. The application of organic fertilizer increased the organic matter (OM), redox potential and electrical conductivity of all treated soils but decreased the pH and TCLP-extractable Cd of all treated soils. There was a significant or highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) between soil TCLP-extractable Cd and soil OM throughout the experimental period, implying that soil OM may be an important factor influencing the changes in Cd activity in soil. In addition, our experiment also examined in detail the dynamic change process of the abovementioned indicators throughout the experimental period and observed that the dynamic change process of soil Cd activity could be described as a trend of first decreasing and then gradually increasing throughout the rice reproductive period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Haonan Jing
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 500025, China.
- Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 500025, China
- Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
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15
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Akhter P, Khan ZI, Hussain MI, Ahmad K, Farooq Awan MU, Ashfaq A, Chaudhry UK, Fahad Ullah M, Abideen Z, Almaary KS, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Garlic Influenced by Waste-Derived Organic Amendments. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060850. [PMID: 35741371 PMCID: PMC9220309 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The utilization of organic wastes, for example, poultry waste, sugarcane press mud, and farmyard manure is extremely common among farmers from South Asia including Pakistan. We assess the biochemical nature and dietary benefit for plants and record the presence of heavy metals in garlic following cultivation in a soil amended with these organic wastes. Present investigation showed the grouping of toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals with a particular link to their source of origin and highlight the hazard of some of them for public health through their excessive utilization. Selecting appropriate manure can significantly reduce health risks for humans. Abstract In South Asia, the high costs of synthetic fertilizers have imposed research on alternative nutrient inputs. We aimed to identify potential trace elements (PTE) present in some organic manure that might be a source of environmental pollutions and risk to public health following consumption. The study aims to evaluate how different organic waste (poultry waste, PW; press mud, PM; and farmyard manure, FYM) influences the heavy metal migration in soil, the accumulation in garlic, and their potential health risks. Organic waste caused a higher accumulation of certain metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Co), whereas Mn, Cd, Cr, and Pb were in lower concentrations in soil. Amendments of soil with PM revealed a higher accumulation of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb, whereas PW resulted in Cu and Zn accumulation in garlic. Treatment of soil with FYM exhibited higher metal concentration of Co and Mn. An environmental hazard indices study revealed that pollution load index (PLI) was highest for Cu following treatment with PM. The health risk index (HRI) was greater for Cd following amendment with PM. Maximum daily intake of metals (DIM) was observed for Zn after treatment with PW. The Pb exhibited maximum bioconcentration factor (BCF) in PM-amended plants. Based on these findings, we concluded that garlic grown on contaminated soil with organic waste may pose serious health hazards following consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervaiz Akhter
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Usman Khalid Chaudhry
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Khalid S. Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
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Raza QUA, Bashir MA, Rehim A, Raza HMA. Role of sugarcane industrial byproducts on soil physicochemical properties and metal accumulation in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24726-24736. [PMID: 34826086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar industry produces a variety of organic byproducts causing disposal as well as environmental issues. This study investigated the safe use of these byproducts in assessment of soil physicochemical properties and metal accumulation in rice. A field experiment was performed with following treatments: control only NPK (CF), NPK + sugarcane bagasse (SB), NPK + press mud (PM), NPK + sugarcane vinasse (SV), NPK + SB + PM (SB + PM), NPK + SB + SV (SB + SV), NPK + PM + SV (PM + SV), NPK + SB + PM + SV (SB + PM + SV). Total byproduct input was (1.25 t ha-1) as recommended for organic inputs in the local area. The results indicated that integrated use of these amendments with chemical fertilization improved soil properties and rice yield. Organic matter was significantly improved in SB + SV (191.3%), SB + PM + SV (164.4%), and SB + PM (150.9%). Total N was significantly enhanced in SB + SV (193%), SB + PM + SV (166%), and SB + PM (152.5%); extractable P was high in SB (103%), PM + SV (89.7%), and SB + PM (51%); extractable K was significantly improved in PM (39.6%) and SB (33.4%); extractable Zn was significantly enhanced in SB (1172.8%), SV (829.2%) and PM (819.1%) in soil. Rice grain yield was significantly enhanced in SB (213.1%) and PM (208.8%) while combined application also improved the yield with reference to the CF. The application of SB + PM improved N (58.7%), P (27.4%), K (11.5%), and Zn (166.4%) concentration in grain, while metal accumulation was within the permissible limit. Zn concentration was significantly enhanced in SB + PM (166.4%) whereas the concentration of Cd and Pb was significantly reduced with the application of byproducts. Health assessment results showed no harmful effects for humans. Results conclude that these byproducts are good nutrients source and improve soil physicochemical properties without any health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
- College of Agriculture Bahadur Sub-campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Abdur Rehim
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Calderon R, García-Hernández J, Palma P, Leyva-Morales J, Zambrano-Soria M, Bastidas-Bastidas P, Godoy M. Assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables commonly consumed in Chile and Mexico: potential impacts for public health. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Basmati rice is increasingly recognized and consumed in different parts of the world due to its different tastes and nutritional properties. This research focused on determining the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) content in locally grown basmati rice in Pakistan and assessing the risks of these values to human health. Root, shoot and grain samples of basmati rice were taken, along with soil samples from the five regions studied. Metal mean concentrations (mg/kg) in grains fluctuated from 2.70 to 9.80 for Cd, 4.80 to 9.85 for Zn, 1.16 to 1.46 for Cu, 1.84 to 10.86 for Co, 2.05 to 13.07 for Fe, 5.03 to 11.11 for Mn and 3.24 to 13.28 for Ni, respectively. All metal values were within permissible limits except for Cd. The enrichment factor for Cd was highest among all sites. Cobalt and zinc had the highest bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The highest enrichment factor was noticed for Cd and the lowest for Cu. The health risk index at all examined sites was less than one. Consistent examination is recommended to limit health hazards instigated by the use of rice polluted with a greater concentration of Cd.
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Ahmad T, Nazar S, Ahmad K, Khan ZI, Bashir H, Ashfaq A, Munir M, Munir Z, Hussain K, Alkahtani J, Elshikh MS, Nadeem M, Malik IS. Monitoring of copper accumulation in water, soil, forage, and cows impacted by heavy automobiles in Sargodha, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29110-29116. [PMID: 33550557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The instant endeavor was undertaken to monitor copper (Cu) contents in water, soil, forage, and cow's blood impacted by heavy automobiles in Sahiwal town of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The samples were collected in triplicates with a total of 120 soil and water samples with corresponding forage samples. For the analysis of metal concentration in cows, 60 blood samples were collected from the cows feeding on these forages on selected sites. Metal contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that water samples contained mean values of Cu concentration ranged from 1.01 to 0.444 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum at site 3 and minimum at site 6. The soil samples of all the forage fields showed Cu mean values concentration ranged from 1.94 to 0.286 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum in Trifolium alexandrinum grown field at site 2, and minimum in Avena sativa at site 2. All the forage samples showed the mean value of Cu concentration ranged from 0.151 to 1.86 mg/kg at all sites. The concentration of Cu was maximum in Zea mays grown at site 5 and minimum in Trifolium alexandrinum at site 4. The cow blood samples showed the mean concentration of Cu ranged from 1.368 to 0.53 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum at site 2 and minimum at site 6. Owing to the results of pollution index and transfer factors, metal content was found to be in permissible range in forages as well as animal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Ahmad
- Pakki Thatti Research and Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, 36050, Pakistan
| | - Sonaina Nazar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Hussain
- Department of Botany, Govt. MAO College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ifra Saleem Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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