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Agostini F, Bisaglia M, Plotegher N. Linking ROS Levels to Autophagy: The Key Role of AMPK. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1406. [PMID: 37507945 PMCID: PMC10376219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen reactive species (ROS) are a group of molecules generated from the incomplete reduction of oxygen. Due to their high reactivity, ROS can interact with and influence the function of multiple targets, which include DNA, lipids, and proteins. Among the proteins affected by ROS, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major sensor of the intracellular energetic status and a crucial hub involved in the regulation of key cellular processes, like autophagy and lysosomal function. Thanks to these features, AMPK has been recently demonstrated to be able to perceive signals related to the variation of mitochondrial dynamics and to transduce them to the lysosomes, influencing the autophagic flux. Since ROS production is largely dependent on mitochondrial activity, through the modulation of AMPK these molecules may represent important signaling agents which participate in the crosstalk between mitochondria and lysosomes, allowing the coordination of these organelles' functions. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms through which ROS activate AMPK and the signaling pathways that allow this protein to affect the autophagic process. The picture that emerges from the literature is that AMPK regulation is highly tissue-specific and that different pools of AMPK can be localized at specific intracellular compartments, thus differentially responding to altered ROS levels. For this reason, future studies will be highly advisable to discriminate the specific contribution of the activation of different AMPK subpopulations to the autophagic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), 35121 Padova, Italy
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2
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Complete and selective nitration of tyrosine residue in peptides caused by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 22:687-692. [PMID: 36352303 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Complete and highly selective nitration of tyrosine (Tyr) as a residue-specific modification in peptides was found without side reactions, using ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (UV-MALDI) with a nitroaromatic reagent 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (3,5-DNSA). The tyrosine nitration supported two propositions, namely, the UV-induced. NO2 attack reaction mechanism by Long et al. and the C-NO2 homolysis as a thermal process by Wiik et al. and Furman et al. With the UV-MALDI of peptides, a residue-specific reaction was observed in glycine (Gly) residue, i.e., an oxidation of the alpha-carbon of Gly due to attack of hydroxyl radical (.OH).
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3
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Detection of protein oxidation products by fluorescence spectroscopy and trilinear data decomposition: Proof of concept. Food Chem 2022; 396:133732. [PMID: 35872499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current analytical methods studying protein oxidation modifications require laborious sample preparation and chromatographic methods. Fluorescence spectroscopy is an alternative, as many protein oxidation products are fluorescent. However, the complexity of the signal causes misinterpretation and quantification errors if single emission spectra are used. Here, we analyzed the entire fluorescence excitation-emission matrix using the trilinear decomposition method parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Two sample sets were used: a calibration set based on known mixtures of tryptophan, tyrosine, and four oxidation products, and a second sample set of oxidized protein solutions containing UV-illuminated β-lactoglobulin. The PARAFAC model succeeded in resolving the signals of the model systems into the pure fluorophore components and estimating their concentrations. The estimated concentrations for the illuminated β-lactoglobulin samples were validated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our approach is a promising tool for reliable identification and quantification of fluorescent protein oxidation products, even in a complex protein system.
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4
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Egli CM, Stravs MA, Janssen EML. Inactivation and Site-specific Oxidation of Aquatic Extracellular Bacterial Leucine Aminopeptidase by Singlet Oxygen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14403-14412. [PMID: 33146524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes are master recyclers of organic matter, and to predict their functional lifetime, we need to understand their environmental transformation processes. In surface waters, direct and indirect photochemical transformation is a known driver of inactivation. We investigated molecular changes that occur along with inactivation in aminopeptidase, an abundant class of extracellular enzymes. We studied the inactivation kinetics and localized oxidation caused by singlet oxygen, 1O2, a major photochemically derived oxidant toward amino acids. Aminopeptidase showed second-order inactivation rate constants with 1O2 comparable to those of free amino acids. We then visualized site-specific oxidation kinetics within the three-dimensional protein and demonstrated that fastest oxidation occurred around the active site and at other reactive amino acids. However, second-order oxidation rate constants did not correlate strictly with the 1O2-accessible surface areas of those amino acids. We inspected site-specific processes by a comprehensive suspect screening for 723,288 possible transformation products. We concluded that histidine involved in zinc coordination at the active site reacted slower than what was expected by its accessibility, and we differentiated between two competing reaction pathways of 1O2 with tryptophan residues. This systematic analysis can be directly applied to other proteins and transformation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Egli
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Stravs
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth M L Janssen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
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5
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Lee SH, Kawase J, Hiroshima Y, Oe T. Screening of Chemical Modifications in Human Skin Keratins by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis via Noninvasive Sampling and On-Tape Digestion. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3837-3845. [PMID: 32786680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously exposed to diverse chemical stresses, and the resulting chemical modifications can provide significant information on biological events. Keratins are the main constituent of human skin and are the major target proteins of various chemical modifications. We have previously developed a mass spectrometry-based noninvasive proteomic methodology to screen oxidative modifications in human skin keratins. We have improved this methodology in terms of sample preparation time and amino acid sequence coverage using an on-tape digestion method. After sampling by tape stripping, skin proteins on the tape were subjected to reduction/alkylation, followed by trypsin digestion without a presolubilization step using detergents. To screen chemical modifications in keratins, target modifications and tryptic target peptides carrying the modification sites were determined from in vitro experiments with major reactive chemical species (4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal, glucose, methylglyoxal, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide). The developed method was used to screen target modifications in controls and patients with a swollen red rash. Basal levels of lipid-derived modification, oxidation, nitration, and glycation in keratins were detected in controls. Principal component analysis based on the relative chemical modification resulted in a clear classification of both groups within a 95% confidence interval. Lipid-derived HNE modification increased most significantly in the patient group. This methodology can be easily applied to patients with other diseases, and the target modifications can be used as biomarkers of certain physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jiei Kawase
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiroshima
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Detection, identification, and quantification of oxidative protein modifications. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19683-19708. [PMID: 31672919 PMCID: PMC6926449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of biological molecules to oxidants is inevitable and therefore commonplace. Oxidative stress in cells arises from both external agents and endogenous processes that generate reactive species, either purposely (e.g. during pathogen killing or enzymatic reactions) or accidentally (e.g. exposure to radiation, pollutants, drugs, or chemicals). As proteins are highly abundant and react rapidly with many oxidants, they are highly susceptible to, and major targets of, oxidative damage. This can result in changes to protein structure, function, and turnover and to loss or (occasional) gain of activity. Accumulation of oxidatively-modified proteins, due to either increased generation or decreased removal, has been associated with both aging and multiple diseases. Different oxidants generate a broad, and sometimes characteristic, spectrum of post-translational modifications. The kinetics (rates) of damage formation also vary dramatically. There is a pressing need for reliable and robust methods that can detect, identify, and quantify the products formed on amino acids, peptides, and proteins, especially in complex systems. This review summarizes several advances in our understanding of this complex chemistry and highlights methods that are available to detect oxidative modifications-at the amino acid, peptide, or protein level-and their nature, quantity, and position within a peptide sequence. Although considerable progress has been made in the development and application of new techniques, it is clear that further development is required to fully assess the relative importance of protein oxidation and to determine whether an oxidation is a cause, or merely a consequence, of injurious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Lin YS, Wu CW, Lin TS, Chen NY, Wu DC, Chen HJC. Analysis of Oxidative and Advanced Oxidative Modifications in Hemoglobin of Oral Cancer Patients by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 92:724-731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Shiuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
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8
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Zhao D, Meng H, Shi MQ, Li N, Mao GJ. Two-photon excited fluorescent silica nanoparticles loaded with iron(II) as a probe for determination and imaging of hydrogen peroxide in living cells. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Emerging technologies for optical spectral detection of reactive oxygen species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6079-6095. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Moldogazieva NT, Mokhosoev IM, Feldman NB, Lutsenko SV. ROS and RNS signalling: adaptive redox switches through oxidative/nitrosative protein modifications. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:507-543. [PMID: 29589770 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1457217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a dual character of cell response to oxidative stress, eustress versus distress, has become increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence indicates that under physiological conditions, low concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) maintained by the activity of endogenous antioxidant system (AOS) allow reversible oxidative/nitrosative modifications of key redox-sensitive residues in regulatory proteins. The reversibility of redox modifications such as Cys S-sulphenylation/S-glutathionylation/S-nitrosylation/S-persulphidation and disulphide bond formation, or Tyr nitration, which occur through electrophilic attack of RONS to nucleophilic groups in amino acid residues provides redox switches in the activities of signalling proteins. Key requirement for the involvement of the redox modifications in RONS signalling including ROS-MAPK, ROS-PI3K/Akt, and RNS-TNF-α/NF-kB signalling is their specificity provided by a residue microenvironment and reaction kinetics. Glutathione, glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin, glutathione reductases, and glutaredoxins modulate RONS level and cell signalling, while some of the modulators (glutathione, glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins) are themselves targets for redox modifications. Additionally, gene expression, activities of transcription factors, and epigenetic pathways are also under redox regulation. The present review focuses on RONS sources (NADPH-oxidases, mitochondrial electron-transportation chain (ETC), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), etc.), and their cross-talks, which influence reversible redox modifications of proteins as physiological phenomenon attained by living cells during the evolution to control cell signalling in the oxygen-enriched environment. We discussed recent advances in investigation of mechanisms of protein redox modifications and adaptive redox switches such as MAPK/PI3K/PTEN, Nrf2/Keap1, and NF-κB/IκB, powerful regulators of numerous physiological processes, also implicated in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Moldogazieva
- a Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow , Russia
| | - I M Mokhosoev
- a Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow , Russia
| | - N B Feldman
- a Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow , Russia
| | - S V Lutsenko
- a Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow , Russia
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11
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Martini D, Rossi S, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, Bedogni G, Musci M, Pruneti C, Passeri G, Ventura M, Di Nuzzo S, Galli D, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Del Rio D. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the framework of protection against oxidative damage and cardiovascular health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:473-503. [PMID: 28434807 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The high number of negative opinions from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to the requests for authorization of health claims is largely due to the design of human intervention studies, including the inappropriate choice of outcome variables (OVs) and of their methods of measurement (MMs). The present manuscript reports the results of an investigation aimed to collect, collate and critically analyse the information in relation to claimed effects, OVs and MMs, in the context of protection against oxidative damage and cardiovascular health compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. METHODS AND RESULTS Claimed effects, OVs and the related MMs were collected from EFSA Guidance documents and applications for authorization of health claims under Articles 13.5 and 14. The OVs and their MMs were evaluated only if the claimed effect was sufficiently defined and was considered beneficial by EFSA. The collection, collation and critical analysis of the relevant scientific literature consisted in the definition of the keywords, the PubMed search strategies and the creation of databases of references. The critical analysis of the OVs and their MMs was performed on the basis of the literature review and was aimed at defining the appropriateness of OVs and MMs in the context of the specific claimed effects. CONCLUSIONS The information provided in this document could serve to EFSA for the development of further guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims, as well as to the stakeholders for the proper design of human intervention studies aimed to substantiate such health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Rossi
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - B Biasini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - I Zavaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Musci
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, Medical School Building, Parma, Italy
| | - G Passeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Building Clinica Medica Generale, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Di Nuzzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - D Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - P Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - D Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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12
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Bommana R, Mozziconacci O, John Wang Y, Schöneich C. An Efficient and Rapid Method to Monitor the Oxidative Degradation of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Probing Tyrosine Oxidation with Fluorogenic Derivatization. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1428-1443. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kathiresan M, English AM. LC-MS/MS suggests that hole hopping in cytochrome c peroxidase protects its heme from oxidative modification by excess H 2O 2. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1152-1162. [PMID: 28451256 PMCID: PMC5369544 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that cytochrome c peroxidase (Ccp1) functions as a H2O2 sensor protein when H2O2 levels rise in respiring yeast. The availability of its reducing substrate, ferrocytochrome c (CycII), determines whether Ccp1 acts as a H2O2 sensor or peroxidase. For H2O2 to serve as a signal it must modify its receptor so we employed high-performance LC-MS/MS to investigate in detail the oxidation of Ccp1 by 1, 5 and 10 M eq. of H2O2 in the absence of CycII to prevent peroxidase activity. We observe strictly heme-mediated oxidation, implicating sequential cycles of binding and reduction of H2O2 at Ccp1's heme. This results in the incorporation of ∼20 oxygen atoms predominantly at methionine and tryptophan residues. Extensive intramolecular dityrosine crosslinking involving neighboring residues was uncovered by LC-MS/MS sequencing of the crosslinked peptides. The proximal heme ligand, H175, is converted to oxo-histidine, which labilizes the heme but irreversible heme oxidation is avoided by hole hopping to the polypeptide until oxidation of the catalytic distal H52 in Ccp1 treated with 10 M eq. of H2O2 shuts down heterolytic cleavage of H2O2 at the heme. Mapping of the 24 oxidized residues in Ccp1 reveals that hole hopping from the heme is directed to three polypeptide zones rich in redox-active residues. This unprecedented analysis unveils the remarkable capacity of a polypeptide to direct hole hopping away from its active site, consistent with heme labilization being a key outcome of Ccp1-mediated H2O2 signaling. LC-MS/MS identification of the oxidized residues also exposes the bias of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection toward transient radicals with low O2 reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kathiresan
- Concordia University Faculty of Arts and Science, and PROTEOhttp://www.proteo.ca/index.html , Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montreal , Canada .
| | - Ann M English
- Concordia University Faculty of Arts and Science, and PROTEOhttp://www.proteo.ca/index.html , Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montreal , Canada .
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14
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Parker L, Shaw CS, Stepto NK, Levinger I. Exercise and Glycemic Control: Focus on Redox Homeostasis and Redox-Sensitive Protein Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:87. [PMID: 28529499 PMCID: PMC5418238 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity, excess energy consumption, and obesity are associated with elevated systemic oxidative stress and the sustained activation of redox-sensitive stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Sustained SAPK activation leads to aberrant insulin signaling, impaired glycemic control, and the development and progression of cardiometabolic disease. Paradoxically, acute exercise transiently increases oxidative stress and SAPK signaling, yet postexercise glycemic control and skeletal muscle function are enhanced. Furthermore, regular exercise leads to the upregulation of antioxidant defense, which likely assists in the mitigation of chronic oxidative stress-associated disease. In this review, we explore the complex spatiotemporal interplay between exercise, oxidative stress, and glycemic control, and highlight exercise-induced reactive oxygen species and redox-sensitive protein signaling as important regulators of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewan Parker
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lewan Parker, ,
| | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel K. Stepto
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
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15
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Hansen T, Galougahi KK, Celermajer D, Rasko N, Tang O, Bubb KJ, Figtree G. Oxidative and nitrosative signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension — Implications for development of novel therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:50-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Chen HJC, Yang YF, Lai PY, Chen PF. Analysis of Chlorination, Nitration, and Nitrosylation of Tyrosine and Oxidation of Methionine and Cysteine in Hemoglobin from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients by Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9276-84. [PMID: 27541571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by endogenous reactive chlorine, nitrogen, and oxygen species is implicated in certain pathological conditions, including diabetes mellitus. Evidence showed that the extents of modifications on a number of proteins are elevated in diabetic patients. Measuring modification on hemoglobin has been used to monitor the extent of exposure. This study develops an assay for simultaneous quantification of the extent of chlorination, nitration, and oxidation in human hemoglobin and to examine whether the level of any of these modifications is higher in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. This mass spectrometry-based assay used the bottom-up proteomic strategy. Due to the low amount of endogenous modification, we first characterized the sites of chlorination at tyrosine in hypochlorous acid-treated hemoglobin by an accurate mass spectrometer. The extents of chlorination, nitration, and oxidation of a total of 12 sites and types of modifications in hemoglobin were measured by nanoflow liquid chromatography-nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry under the selected reaction monitoring mode. Relative quantification of these PTMs in hemoglobin extracted from blood samples shows that the extents of chlorination at α-Tyr-24, nitration at α-Tyr-42, and oxidation at the three methionine residues are significantly higher in diabetic patients (n = 19) than in nondiabetic individuals (n = 18). After excluding the factor of smoking, chlorination at α-Tyr-24, nitration at α-Tyr-42, and oxidation at the three methionine residues are significantly higher in the nonsmoking diabetic patients (n = 12) than in normal nonsmoking subjects (n = 11). Multiple regression analysis performed on the combined effect of age, body-mass index (BMI), and HbA1c showed that the diabetes factor HbA1c contributes significantly to the extent of chlorination at α-Tyr-24 in nonsmokers. In addition, age contributes to oxidation at α-Met-32 significantly in all subjects and in nonsmokers. These results suggest the potential of using chlorination at α-Tyr-24-containing peptide to evaluate protein damage in nonsmoking type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University , 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University , 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yen Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University , 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Fan Chen
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Dalin, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
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An LC/ESI-SRM/MS method to screen chemically modified hemoglobin: simultaneous analysis for oxidized, nitrated, lipidated, and glycated sites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5379-92. [PMID: 27236314 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously exposed to various reactive chemical species (reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, endogenous/exogenous aldehydes/epoxides, etc.) due to physiological and chemical stresses, resulting in various chemical modifications such as oxidation, nitration, glycation/glycoxidation, lipidation/lipoxidation, and adduct formation with drugs/chemicals. Abundant proteins with a long half-life, such as hemoglobin (Hb, t 1/2 63 days, ∼150 mg/mL), are believed to be major targets of reactive chemical species that reflect biological events. Chemical modifications on Hb have been investigated mainly by mechanistic in vitro experiments or in vivo/clinical experiments focused on single target modifications. Here, we describe an optimized LC/ESI-SRM/MS method to screen oxidized, nitrated, lipidated, and glycated sites on Hb. In vivo preliminary results suggest that this method can detect simultaneously the presence of oxidation (+16 Da) of α-Met(32), α-Met(76), β-Met(55), and β-Trp(15) and adducts of malondialdehyde (+54 Da) and glycation (+162 Da) of β-Val(1) in a blood sample from a healthy volunteer. Graphical Abstract Screening chemical modifications on hemoglobin.
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18
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Mozziconacci O, Arora J, Toth RT, Joshi SB, Zhou S, Volkin DB, Schöneich C. Site-Specific Hydrolysis Reaction C-Terminal of Methionine in Met-His during Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of IgG-1. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1317-28. [PMID: 26942274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed oxidation by [Fe(II)(EDTA)](2-)/H2O2 of IgG-1 leads to the site-specific hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the Fc region. The major hydrolytic cleavage occurs between Met428 and His429, consistent with a mechanism reported for the site-specific hydrolysis of parathyroid hormone (1-34) between Met8 and His9 (Mozziconacci, O.; et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2013, 10 (2), 739-755). In IgG-1, to a lesser extent, we also observe hydrolysis reactions between Met252 and Ile253. After 2 h of oxidation (at pH 5.8, 37 °C) approximately 5% of the protein is cleaved between Met428 and His429. For comparison, after 2 h of oxidation, the amount of tryptic peptides containing a Met sulfoxide residue represents less than 0.1% of the protein. The effect of this site-specific hydrolysis on the conformational stability and aggregation propensity of the antibody was also examined. No noticeable differences in structural integrity and conformational stability were observed between control and oxidized IgG-1 samples as measured by circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, and static light scattering (SLS). Small amounts of soluble and insoluble aggregates (3-6%) were, however, observed in the oxidized samples by UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Over the course of metal-catalyzed oxidation, increasing amounts of fragments were also observed by SEC. An increase in the concentration of subvisible particles was detected by microflow imaging (MFI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Jayant Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ronald T Toth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shuxia Zhou
- Drug Product Development, Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Mozziconacci O, Okbazghi S, More AS, Volkin DB, Tolbert T, Schöneich C. Comparative Evaluation of the Chemical Stability of 4 Well-Defined Immunoglobulin G1-Fc Glycoforms. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:575-587. [PMID: 26869420 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of a series of articles in this special issue evaluating model IgG1-Fc glycoforms for biosimilarity analysis, 3 well-defined IgG1-Fc glycoforms (high mannose-Fc, Man5-Fc, and N-acetylglucosamine-Fc) and a nonglycosylated Fc protein (N297Q-Fc) were examined in this work to elucidate chemical degradation pathways. The 4 proteins underwent a combination of accelerated thermal stability studies and 4 independent forced degradation studies (UV light, metal-catalyzed oxidation, peroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide) at pH 6.0. Our results highlight chemical degradations at Asn315, Met428, Trp277, and Trp313. A cross-comparison of the different Fc glycoforms, stress conditions, and the observed chemical reactions revealed that both the deamidation of Asn315 and the transformation of Trp277 into glycine hydroperoxide were glycan dependent during incubation for 3 months at 40 °C. Our data will show that different glycans not only affect chemical degradation differently but also do lead to different impurity profiles, which can affect chemical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Solomon Okbazghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Apurva S More
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Thomas Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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20
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Kehrer JP, Klotz LO. Free radicals and related reactive species as mediators of tissue injury and disease: implications for Health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:765-98. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1074159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Szuba A, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Wojtaszek P. Nitration of plant apoplastic proteins from cell suspension cultures. J Proteomics 2015; 120:158-68. [PMID: 25805245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide causes numerous protein modifications including nitration of tyrosine residues. This modification, though one of the greatest biological importance, is poorly recognized in plants and is usually associated with stress conditions. In this study we analyzed nitrotyrosines from suspension cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum, treated with NO modulators and exposed to osmotic stress, as well as of BY2 cells long-term adapted to osmotic stress conditions. Using confocal microscopy, we showed that the cell wall area is one of the compartments most enriched in nitrotyrosines within a plant cell. Subsequently, we analyzed nitration of ionically-bound cell-wall proteins and identified selected proteins with MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Proteomic analysis indicated that there was no significant increase in the amount of nitrated proteins under the influence of NO modulators, among them 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), considered a donor of nitrating agent, peroxynitrite. Moreover, osmotic stress conditions did not increase the level of nitration in cell wall proteins isolated from suspension cells, and in cultures long-term adapted to stress conditions; that level was even reduced in comparison with control samples. Among identified nitrotyrosine-containing proteins dominated the ones associated with carbon circulation as well as the numerous proteins responding to stress conditions, mainly peroxidases. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE High concentrations of nitric oxide found in the cell wall and the ability to produce large amounts of ROS make the apoplast a site highly enriched in nitrotyrosines, as presented in this paper. Analysis of ionically bound fraction of the cell wall proteins indicating generally unchanged amounts of nitrotyrosines under influence of NO modulators and osmotic stress, is noticeably different from literature data concerning, however, the total plant proteins analysis. This observation is supplemented by further nitroproteome analysis, for cells long-term adapted to stressful conditions, and results showing that such conditions did not always cause an increase in nitrotyrosine content. These findings may be interpreted as characteristic features of apoplastic protein nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik Poland.
| | - Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-613 Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wojtaszek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-613 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Lee A, Jeong D, Mitsuyama S, Oh JG, Liang L, Ikeda Y, Sadoshima J, Hajjar RJ, Kho C. The role of SUMO-1 in cardiac oxidative stress and hypertrophy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1986-2001. [PMID: 24893265 PMCID: PMC4208582 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Small ubiquitin-like modifier type 1 (SUMO-1) has been shown to play a critical role in the dysfunction of the cardiac isoform of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) pump in the setting of heart failure. In cardiac hypertrophy, the role of SUMO-1 has not been defined and our study's goals were to examine the effects of modulating SUMO-1 on the hypertrophic response both in vitro and in vivo and to examine whether oxidative stress (during cardiac hypertrophy) is abrogated by SUMO-1 gene transfer. RESULTS In mice undergoing transverse aortic constriction (TAC), SUMO-1 levels increased slightly during the compensated stage of hypertrophy and then dropped sharply during the transition to heart failure. In isolated cardiomyocytes, SUMO-1 gene transfer inhibited the hypertrophic response in the presence of phenylephrine. Adeno-associated vector type 9 (AAV9) gene transfer of SUMO-1 prevented the heart from undergoing hypertrophy after TAC and prevented the development of left ventricular dysfunction. Furthermore, SUMO-1 gene transfer blocked the negative effects of H2O2 on SERCA2a activity in cardiac myocytes, while in vivo indices of oxidative stress were decreased by SUMO-1 in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that post-translational modifications of SERCA2a caused by the toxic environment of the hypertrophied and failing myocardium can be prevented by SUMO-1. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 1986-2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyoung Lee
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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23
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Chakraborty S, Cai Y, Tarr MA. In vitro oxidative footprinting provides insight into apolipoprotein B-100 structure in low-density lipoprotein. Proteomics 2014; 14:2614-22. [PMID: 25176030 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cholesterol carrier in human blood. Oxidations of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100, LDL protein) could be proatherogenic and play critical roles in early stages of plaque formation in the arterial wall. The structure of apo B-100 is still poorly understood, partially due to its size (550 KDa, 4563 amino acids). To gain an insight into LDL structure, we mapped the regions of apo B-100 in human LDL that were prone to oxidation using peroxynitrite and hypochlorite as probes. In this study, LDL was incubated with various concentrations of peroxynitrite and sodium hypochlorite in bicarbonate buffer. The LDL protein apo B-100 was delipidated, denatured, alkylated, and subjected to tryptic digestion. Tryptic peptides were analyzed employing LC-MS/MS. Database search was performed against the apo B-100 database (SwissProt accession #P04114) using "SEQUEST" algorithm to identify peroxynitrite and hypochlorite-mediated oxidations markers nitrotyrosine, nitrotryptophan, hydroxy-tryptophan, and 3-chlorotyrosine. Several site-specific oxidations were identified in apo B-100 after treatment of intact LDL particles with the oxidants. We hypothesize that these regions could be accessible to oxidant and critical for early events in atherosclerotic plaque deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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24
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Mei Y, Thompson MD, Shiraishi Y, Cohen RA, Tong X. Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase C674 promotes ischemia- and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via coordinated endothelial cell and macrophage function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:275-82. [PMID: 25260714 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a complex phenomenon modulated by the concerted action of several cell types. We have identified that sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA 2) cysteine 674 (C674) S-glutathiolation is essential for ischemic angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated endothelial cell (EC) migration and network formation. A heterozygote SERCA 2 C674S knockin (SKI) mouse shows impaired ischemic blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation, and its ECs show depleted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores and impaired angiogenic behavior. Here we studied the role of SERCA 2 C674 in the interaction between ECs and macrophages in the context of ischemia and discovered the involvement of the ER stress response protein, ER oxidoreductin-1α (ERO1). In wild type (WT) mice, expression of ERO1 was increased in the ischemic hind limb in vivo, as well as in ECs and macrophages exposed to hypoxia in vitro. The increase in ERO1 to ischemia/hypoxia was less in SKI mice. In WT ECs, both vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression and bone marrow-derived macrophage adhesion to ECs were increased by hypoxia, and both were attenuated in SKI ECs. In WT ECs, ERO1 siRNA blocked hypoxia-induced VCAM1 expression and macrophage adhesion. In WT macrophages, hypoxia also stimulated both ERO1 and VEGF expression, and both were less in SKI macrophages. Compared with conditioned media of hypoxic SKI macrophages, conditioned media from WT macrophages had a greater effect on EC angiogenic behavior, and were blocked by VEGF neutralizing antibody. Taken together, under hypoxic conditions, SERCA 2 C674 and ERO1 enable increased VCAM1 expression and macrophage adhesion to ECs, as well as macrophage VEGF production that, in turn, promote angiogenesis. This study highlights the hitherto unrecognized interaction of two ER proteins, SERCA 2 C674 and ERO1, which mediate the EC and macrophage angiogenic response to ischemia/hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Melissa D Thompson
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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25
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in insulin resistance and diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:311-22. [PMID: 25239386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is the main intracellular Ca(2+) store for Ca(2+) release during cell signaling. There are different strategies to avoid ER Ca(2+) depletion. Release channels utilize first Ca(2+)-bound to proteins and this minimizes the reduction of the free luminal [Ca(2+)]. However, if release channels stay open after exhaustion of Ca(2+)-bound to proteins, then the reduction of the free luminal ER [Ca(2+)] (via STIM proteins) activates Ca(2+) entry at the plasma membrane to restore the ER Ca(2+) load, which will work provided that SERCA pump is active. Nevertheless, there are several noxious conditions that result in decreased activity of the SERCA pump such as oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and saturated fatty acids, among others. These conditions result in a deficient restoration of the ER [Ca(2+)] and lead to the ER stress response that should facilitate recovery of the ER. However, if the stressful condition persists then ER stress ends up triggering cell death and the ensuing degenerative process leads to diverse pathologies; particularly insulin resistance, diabetes and several of the complications associated with diabetes. This scenario suggests that limiting ER stress should decrease the incidence of diabetes and the mobility and mortality associated with this illness.
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26
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Gouveia DD, Silva AMN, Vitorino R, Domingues MRM, Domingues P. The efficiency of trypsin digestion for mass-spectrometry-based identification and quantification of oxidized proteins: evaluation of the digestion of oxidized bovine serum albumin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:271-278. [PMID: 24892298 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In bottom-up proteomics approaches, the enzymatic proteolysis step before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is of crucial importance, as only the efficient digestion of the protein will ensure its accurate quantification. The structural and chemical alterations occurring upon protein oxidation may decrease the efficiency of trypsin digestion, compromising the ensuing MS analysis. Herein, the efficiency of the trypsin digestion of oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA) was assessed by protein-sequence coverage and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) algorithm, allowing a comparison of protein abundance in samples with different levels of oxidation. Despite the extensive oxidation induced to BSA, verified by analysis of protein carbonyls, no significant difference in the yield of tryptic peptides from oxidized samples could be observed by nano-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nano-HPLC7-electrospray ionization-MS analysis. After a database search, similar protein-sequence coverage rates were obtained for both treated and control samples. Thus, exponentially modified protein abundance index scores confirmed that, regardless of being oxidized, the same amount of BSA was present in the sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis bands excised for digestion. The obtained results show that the digestion of the control and oxidized samples were similar, leading to the conclusion that in-gel proteolysis is not a main hindrance for the identification and quantification of oxidized proteins by MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte D Gouveia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André M N Silva
- REQUIMTE/Departmento de Química e Bioquimica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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27
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The conversion of protein-bound Tyr residues to 3-nitrotyrosine (3NY) can occur during nitrative stress and has been correlated to aging and many disease states. Proteomic analysis of this post-translational modification, using mass spectrometry-based techniques, is crucial for understanding its potential role in pathological and physiological processes. RECENT ADVANCES To overcome some of the disadvantages inherent to well-established nitroproteomic methods using anti-3NY antibodies and gel-based separations, methods involving multidimensional chromatography, precursor ion scanning, and/or chemical derivatization have emerged for both identification and quantitation of protein nitration sites. A few of these methods have successfully detected endogenous 3NY modifications from biological samples. CRITICAL ISSUES While model systems often show promising results, identification of endogenous 3NY modifications remains largely elusive. The frequently low abundance of nitrated proteins in vivo, even under inflammatory conditions, is especially challenging, and sample loss due to derivatization and cleaning may become significant. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Continued efforts to avoid interference from non-nitrated peptides without sacrificing recovery of nitrated peptides are needed. Quantitative methods are emerging and are crucial for identifying endogenous modifications that may have significant biological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Feeney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
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28
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Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. Redox signaling in cardiovascular health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:473-501. [PMID: 23583330 PMCID: PMC3883979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of the activity of a vast array of intracellular proteins and signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) governs normal cardiovascular function. However, data from experimental and animal studies strongly support that dysregulated redox signaling, resulting from hyperactivation of various cellular oxidases or mitochondrial dysfunction, is integral to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we address how redox signaling modulates the protein function, the various sources of increased oxidative stress in CVD, and the labyrinth of redox-sensitive molecular mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Advances in redox biology and pharmacology for inhibiting ROS production in specific cell types and subcellular organelles combined with the development of nanotechnology-based new in vivo imaging systems and targeted drug delivery mechanisms may enable fine-tuning of redox signaling for the treatment and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswara R Madamanchi
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Marschall S Runge
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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29
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Horáková L, Strosova MK, Spickett CM, Blaskovic D. Impairment of calcium ATPases by high glucose and potential pharmacological protection. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:81-92. [PMID: 23710650 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.807923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The review deals with impairment of Ca(2+)-ATPases by high glucose or its derivatives in vitro, as well as in human diabetes and experimental animal models. Acute increases in glucose level strongly correlate with oxidative stress. Dysfunction of Ca(2+)-ATPases in diabetic and in some cases even in nondiabetic conditions may result in nitration of and in irreversible modification of cysteine-674. Nonenyzmatic protein glycation might lead to alteration of Ca(2+)-ATPase structure and function contributing to Ca(2+) imbalance and thus may be involved in development of chronic complications of diabetes. The susceptibility to glycation is probably due to the relatively high percentage of lysine and arginine residues at the ATP binding and phosphorylation domains. Reversible glycation may develop into irreversible modifications (advanced glycation end products, AGEs). Sites of SERCA AGEs are depicted in this review. Finally, several mechanisms of prevention of Ca(2+)-pump glycation, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Horáková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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30
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Frankel LK, Sallans L, Limbach PA, Bricker TM. Oxidized amino acid residues in the vicinity of Q(A) and Pheo(D1) of the photosystem II reaction center: putative generation sites of reducing-side reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58042. [PMID: 23469138 PMCID: PMC3585169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Under a variety of stress conditions, Photosystem II produces reactive oxygen species on both the reducing and oxidizing sides of the photosystem. A number of different sites including the Mn4O5Ca cluster, P680, PheoD1, QA, QB and cytochrome b559 have been hypothesized to produce reactive oxygen species in the photosystem. In this communication using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry we have identified several residues on the D1 and D2 proteins from spinach which are oxidatively modified and in close proximity to QA (D1 residues 239F, 241Q, 242E and the D2 residues 238P, 239T, 242E and 247M) and PheoD1 (D1 residues 130E, 133L and 135F). These residues may be associated with reactive oxygen species exit pathways located on the reducing side of the photosystem, and their modification may indicate that both QA and PheoD1 are sources of reactive oxygen species on the reducing side of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K. Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Larry Sallans
- The Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Limbach
- The Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Terry M. Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Fluorogenic tagging methodology applied to characterize oxidized tyrosine and phenylalanine in an immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1311-27. [PMID: 23412915 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) of proteins is of primary concern in the development of biotherapeutics as it represents a prominent degradation pathway with potential undesired biological and biotherapeutic consequences. METHODS We developed a fluorogenic derivatization methodology to study the MCO of IgG1 using a model oxidation system, CuCl2/L-ascorbic acid. RESULTS Besides the oxidation of Met, Trp and His residues, we detected significant oxidation of Phe and Tyr in IgG1. CONCLUSION The fluorogenic derivatization method provides an alternative approach for the rapid detection of oxidized Tyr and Phe as their benzoxazole derivatives by fluorescence spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection.
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Silva AM, Marçal SL, Vitorino R, Domingues MR, Domingues P. Characterization of in vitro protein oxidation using mass spectrometry: A time course study of oxidized alpha-amylase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 530:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Flies, worms and the Free Radical Theory of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:404-12. [PMID: 22504404 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans have provided the largest body of evidence addressing the Free Radical Theory of ageing, however the evidence has not been unequivocally supportive. Oxidative damage to DNA is probably not a major contributor, damage to lipids is assuming greater importance and damage to proteins probably the source of pathology. On balance the evidence does not support a primary role of oxidative damage in ageing in C. elegans, perhaps because of its particular energy metabolic and stress resistance profile. Evidence is more numerous, varied and consistent and hence more compelling for Drosophila, although not conclusive. However there is good evidence for a role of oxidative damage in later life pathology. Future work should: 1/ make more use of protein oxidative damage measurements; 2/ use inducible transgenic systems or pharmacotherapy to ensure genetic equivalence of controls and avoid confounding effects during development; 3/ to try to delay ageing, target interventions which reduce and/or repair protein oxidative damage.
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34
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Xiang W, Weisbach V, Sticht H, Seebahn A, Bussmann J, Zimmermann R, Becker CM. Oxidative stress-induced posttranslational modifications of human hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012. [PMID: 23201302 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been reported in hemoglobin (Hb) treated with ROS/RNS in cell-free experiments. However, little is known about oxidative PTMs of Hb occurring within the erythrocytes. The aim of this study is to characterize the patterns of Hb PTMs in erythrocytes under oxidative stress. Using mass spectrometry, we investigated specifically methionine/tryptophan oxidation, tyrosine nitration, and the modification via 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a product of lipid-peroxidation, on Hb. We demonstrated that the treatment with H(2)O(2)/nitrite induced higher levels of Hb oxidation/nitration in purified Hb preparations than in unpurified hemolysates and erythrocytes, indicating that ROS/RNS are primarily removed by antioxidative mechanisms. We further studied Hb from erythrocytes exposed to γ-irradiation. An irradiation of 30-100 Gy triggered a remarkable increase of intracellular ROS. However, 30 Gy did not induce apparent changes in Hb oxidation/nitration and hemolysis, while Hb oxidation/nitration and hemolysis were significantly enhanced by 100 Gy, suggesting that Hb oxidation/nitration are the consequence of overwhelmed antioxidative mechanisms after oxidative attack and reflect the severity of the oxidative damage of erythrocytes. Although irradiation was known to induce lipid-peroxidation, we could not detect HNE-Hb adducts in irradiated erythrocytes. Analyzing PTM patterns suggests Hb nitration as a more suitable indicator of the oxidative damage of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Tan L, Xia Y. Gas-phase peptide sulfinyl radical ions: formation and unimolecular dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:2011-2019. [PMID: 22911098 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A variety of peptide sulfinyl radical (RSO•) ions with a well-defined radical site at the cysteine side chain were formed at atmospheric pressure (AP), sampled into a mass spectrometer, and investigated via collision-induced dissociation (CID). The radical ion formation was based on AP reactions between oxidative radicals and peptide ions containing single inter-chain disulfide bond or free thiol group generated from nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). The radical induced reactions allowed large flexibility in forming peptide radical ions independent of ion polarity (protonated or deprotonated) or charge state (singly or multiply charged). More than 20 peptide sulfinyl radical ions in either positive or negative ion mode were subjected to low energy collisional activation on a triple-quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The competition between radical- and charge-directed fragmentation pathways was largely affected by the presence of mobile protons. For peptide sulfinyl radical ions with reduced proton mobility (i.e., singly protonated, containing basic amino acid residues), loss of 62 Da (CH(2)SO), a radical-initiated dissociation channel, was dominant. For systems with mobile protons, this channel was suppressed, while charge-directed amide bond cleavages were preferred. The polarity of charge was found to significantly alter the radical-initiated dissociation channels, which might be related to the difference in stability of the product ions in different ion charge polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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Frankel LK, Sallans L, Limbach PA, Bricker TM. Identification of oxidized amino acid residues in the vicinity of the Mn(4)CaO(5) cluster of Photosystem II: implications for the identification of oxygen channels within the Photosystem. Biochemistry 2012; 51:6371-7. [PMID: 22827410 DOI: 10.1021/bi300650n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a light-driven water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, Photosystem II produces molecular oxygen as an enzymatic product. Additionally, under a variety of stress conditions, reactive oxygen species are produced at or near the active site for oxygen evolution. In this study, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used to identify oxidized amino acid residues located in several core Photosystem II proteins (D1, D2, CP43, and CP47) isolated from spinach Photosystem II membranes. While the majority of these oxidized residues (81%) are located on the oxygenated solvent-exposed surface of the complex, several residues on the CP43 protein ((354)E, (355)T, (356)M, and (357)R) which are in close proximity (<15 Å) to the Mn(4)CaO(5) active site are also modified. These residues appear to be associated with putative oxygen/reactive oxygen species exit channel(s) in the photosystem. These results are discussed within the context of a number of computational studies which have identified putative oxygen channels within the photosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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37
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Jankowska E, Pietruszka M, Kowalik-Jankowska T. Coordination of copper(ii) ions by the fragments of neuropeptide gamma containing D1, H9, H12residues and products of copper-catalyzed oxidation. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1683-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10592b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Rosas-Rodríguez JA, Figueroa-Soto CG, Valenzuela-Soto EM. Inhibition of porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase by hydrogen peroxide. Redox Rep 2011; 15:282-7. [PMID: 21208528 DOI: 10.1179/135100010x12826446921941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal hyperosmotic conditions may produce reactive oxygen species, which could have a deleterious effect on the enzymes involved in osmoregulation. Hydrogen peroxide was used to provoke oxidative stress in the environment of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro. Enzyme activity was reduced as hydrogen peroxide concentration was increased. Over 50% of the enzyme activity was lost at 100 μM hydrogen peroxide at two temperatures tested. At pH 8.0, under physiological ionic strength conditions, peroxide inhibited the enzyme. Initial velocity assays of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (0-200 μM) showed noncompetitive inhibition with respect to NAD(+) or to betaine aldehyde at saturating concentrations of the other substrate at pH 7.0 or 8.0. Inhibition data showed that apparent V(max) decreased 40% and 26% under betaine aldehyde and NAD(+) saturating concentrations at pH 8.0, while at pH 7.0 V(max) decreased 40% and 29% at betaine aldehyde and NAD(+) saturating concentrations. There was little change in apparent Km(NAD) at either pH, while Km(BA) increased at pH 7.0. K(i) values at pH 8 and 7 were calculated. Our results suggest that porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase could be inhibited by hydrogen peroxide in vivo, thus compromising the synthesis of glycine betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Rosas-Rodríguez
- Coordinación de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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39
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Inactivation of porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase by hydrogen peroxide. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 191:159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Use of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of radical-mediated damages in human serum albumin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2921-31. [PMID: 21494773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Damages induced by free radicals on human serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. HSA underwent oxidative and reductive radical stress. Gamma-irradiation was used to simulate the endogenous formation of reactive radical species such as hydrogen atoms ((•)H), solvated electrons (e(aq)(-)) and hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH). Raman spectroscopy was shown to be a useful tool in identifying conformational changes of the protein structure and specific damages occurring at sensitive amino acid sites. In particular, the analysis of the S-S stretching region suggested the radical species caused modifications in the 17 disulphide bridges of HSA. The concomitant action of e(aq)(-) and (•)H atoms caused the formation of cyclic disulphide bridges, showing how cystine pairs act as efficient interceptors of reducing species, by direct scavenging and electron transfer reactions within the protein. This conclusion was further confirmed by the modifications visible in the Raman bands due to Phe and Tyr residues. As regards to protein folding, both oxidative and reductive radical stresses were able to cause a loss in α-helix content, although the latter remains the most abundant secondary structure component. β-turns motifs significantly increased as a consequence of the synergic action of e(aq)(-) and (•)H atoms, whereas a larger increase in the β-sheet content was found following the exposure to (•)OH and/or (•)H attack.
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41
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I. Harisa GED. L-Arginine Ameliorates Arylesterase/Paraoxonase Activity of Paraoxonase-1 in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2011.263.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Santos CX, Anilkumar N, Zhang M, Brewer AC, Shah AM. Redox signaling in cardiac myocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:777-93. [PMID: 21236334 PMCID: PMC3049876 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The heart has complex mechanisms that facilitate the maintenance of an oxygen supply-demand balance necessary for its contractile function in response to physiological fluctuations in workload as well as in response to chronic stresses such as hypoxia, ischemia, and overload. Redox-sensitive signaling pathways are centrally involved in many of these homeostatic and stress-response mechanisms. Here, we review the main redox-regulated pathways that are involved in cardiac myocyte excitation-contraction coupling, differentiation, hypertrophy, and stress responses. We discuss specific sources of endogenously generated reactive oxygen species (e.g., mitochondria and NADPH oxidases of the Nox family), the particular pathways and processes that they affect, the role of modulators such as thioredoxin, and the specific molecular mechanisms that are involved-where this knowledge is available. A better understanding of this complex regulatory system may allow the development of more specific therapeutic strategies for heart diseases.
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Key Words
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor
- arc, apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain
- camkii, calmodulin kinase ii
- ctgf, connective tissue growth factor
- eb, embryoid body
- ecc, excitation–contraction coupling
- er, endoplasmic reticulum
- es, embryonic stem
- etc, electron transport chain
- g6pdh, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- gpcr, g-protein-coupled receptor
- hdac, histone deacetylase
- hif, hypoxia-inducible factor
- mao-a, monoamine oxidase-a
- mi, myocardial infarction
- mmp, matrix metalloproteinase
- mptp, mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- mtdna, mitochondrial dna
- ncx, na/ca exchanger
- nos, nitric oxide synthase
- phd, prolyl hydroxylase dioxygenase
- pka, protein kinase a
- pkc, protein kinase c
- pkg, protein kinase g
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- ryr, ryanodine receptor
- serca, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium atpase
- sr, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- trx1, thioredoxin1
- tnfα, tumor necrosis factor-α
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cardiac myocyte
- reactive oxygen species
- redox signaling
- hypertrophy
- heart failure
- nadph oxidase
- mitochondria
- free radicals
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43
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Torreggiani A, Salzano AM, Renzone G, Scaloni A. Radiation-induced reductive modifications of sulfur-containing amino acids within peptides and proteins. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2264-73. [PMID: 21447412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The complex scenario of radical stress reactions affecting peptides/proteins can be better elucidated through the design of biomimetic studies simulating the consequences of the different free radicals attacking amino acids. In this context, ionizing radiations allowed to examine the specific damages caused by H-atoms and electrons coupled with protons, thus establishing the molecular basis of reductive radical stress. This is an innovative concept that complements the well-known oxidative stress also in view of a complete understanding of the global consequences of radical species reactivities on living systems. This review summarizes the knowledge of the chemical changes present in sulfur-containing amino acids occurring in polypeptides under reductive radical conditions, in particular the transformation of Met and Cys residues into α-amino butyric acid and alanine, respectively. Reductive radical stress causing a desulfurization process, is therefore coupled with the formation of S-centered radicals, which in turn can diffuse apart and become responsible of the damage transfer from proteins to lipids. These reductive modifications assayed in different peptide/protein sequences constitute an integration of the molecular inventories that up to now take into account only oxidative transformations. They can be useful to achieve an integrated vision of the free radical reactivities in a multifunctional system and, overall, for wider applications in the redox proteomics field.
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44
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Influence of amino acid relative position on the oxidative modification of histidine and glycine peptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2779-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Guedes S, Vitorino R, Domingues MRM, Amado F, Domingues P. Glycation and oxidation of histones H2B and H1: in vitro study and characterization by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3529-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Brun E, Blouquit Y, Duchambon P, Malosse C, Chamot-Rooke J, Sicard-Roselli C. Oxidative stress induces mainly human centrin 2 polymerisation. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:657-68. [PMID: 20586543 DOI: 10.3109/09553001003734584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the human centrin 2 (Hscen 2) protein response to oxidising radicals in vitro and to evaluate the consequences on its biological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hscen 2 was submitted to hydroxyl and azide radicals produced by radiolysis in the absence of oxygen. The resulting products were characterised by biochemical, spectroscopic and mass spectrometry techniques. Their thermodynamics parameters of complexation with C-terminal fragment of Xeroderma pigmentosum C protein (C-XPC), one of the Hscen 2 cellular partners, were quantified by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). RESULTS Both hydroxyl and azide radicals induce centrin 2 polymerisation as we characterised several intermolecular cross-links generating dimers, trimers, tetramers and higher molecular mass species. These cross-links result from the formation of a covalent bond between the only tyrosine residue (Tyr 172) located in the C-terminal region of each monomer. Remarkably, dimerisation occurs for doses as low as a few grays. Moreover, this Hscen2 dimer has a lower affinity and stoechiometry binding to C-XPC. CONCLUSIONS These results show that as oxidative radicals induce high proportions of irreversible damages (polymerisation) centrin 2 is highly sensitive to ionising radiation. This could have important consequences on its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brun
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 350, Orsay Cedex, France
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47
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Rule Wigginton K, Menin L, Montoya JP, Kohn T. Oxidation of virus proteins during UV(254) and singlet oxygen mediated inactivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5437-43. [PMID: 20553020 DOI: 10.1021/es100435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of UV(254) irradiation and solar disinfection for water treatment, little is known about the photochemical pathways that lead to virus inactivation by these treatments. The goal of this study was to identify reactions that occur in virus capsid proteins upon treatment by UV(254) irradiation and (1)O(2), an important oxidant involved in sunlight-mediated disinfection. Bacteriophage MS2 was inactivated via UV(254) irradiation and exposure to (1)O(2) in buffered water, and their capsid proteins were then analyzed with MALDI-TOF-TOF and ESI-TOF before and after digestion with protease enzymes. The results demonstrate that chemical modifications occur in the MS2 major capsid protein with both treatments. One oxidation event was detected following (1)O(2) treatment in an amino acid residue located on the capsid outer surface. UV(254) treatment caused three chemical reactions in the capsid proteins, two of which were oxidation reactions with residues on the capsid outer surface. A site-specific cleavage also occurred with UV(254) irradiation at a protein chain location on the inside face of the capsid shell. We attribute this UV(254) induced protein scission, which is nearly unprecedented in the literature, to a close association between the affected residues and viral RNA, an efficient UV(254) absorber. These results suggest that viral protein oxidation by UV(254) and (1)O(2) may play a role in virus inactivation and that viral inactivation may be tracked with mass spectrometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Rule Wigginton
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Hill BG, Dranka BP, Bailey SM, Lancaster JR, Darley-Usmar VM. What part of NO don't you understand? Some answers to the cardinal questions in nitric oxide biology. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19699-704. [PMID: 20410298 PMCID: PMC2888379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r110.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates biological processes through signaling mechanisms that exploit its unique biochemical properties as a free radical. For the last several decades, the key aspects of the chemical properties of NO relevant to biological systems have been defined, but it has been a challenge to assign these to specific cellular processes. Nevertheless, it is now clear that the high affinity of NO for transition metal centers, particularly iron, and the rapid reaction of NO with oxygen-derived free radicals can explain many of its biological and pathological properties. Emerging studies also highlight a growing importance of the secondary metabolites of NO-dependent reactions in the post-translational modification of key metabolic and signaling proteins. In this minireview, we emphasize the current understanding of the biochemistry of NO and place it in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Hill
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2180, USA
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49
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Szuchman-Sapir AJ, Pattison DI, Davies MJ, Witting PK. Site-specific hypochlorous acid-induced oxidation of recombinant human myoglobin affects specific amino acid residues and the rate of cytochrome b5-mediated heme reduction. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:35-46. [PMID: 19800968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase catalyzes the reaction of chloride ions with H(2)O(2) to yield hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which can damage proteins. Human myoglobin (HMb) differs from other Mbs by the presence of a cysteine residue at position 110 (Cys110). This study has (i) compared wild-type and a Cys110Ala variant of HMb to assess the influence of Cys110 on HOCl-induced amino acid modification and (ii) determined whether HOCl oxidation of HMb affects the rate of ferric heme reduction by cytochrome b(5). For wild-type HMb (HOCl:Mb ratio of 5:1 mol:mol), Cys110 was preferentially oxidized to a homodimeric or cysteic acid product-sulfenic/sulfinic acids were not detected. At a HOCl:Mb ratio 10:1 mol:mol, methionine (Met) oxidation was detected, and this was enhanced in the Cys110Ala variant. Tryptophan (Trp) oxidation was detected only in the Cys110Ala variant at the highest HOCl dose tested, with oxidation susceptibility following the order Cys>Met>Trp. Tyrosine chlorination was evident only in reactions between HOCl and the Cys110Ala variant and at a longer incubation time (24 h), consistent with the formation via chlorine-transfer reactions from preformed chloramines. HOCl-mediated oxidation of wild-type HMb resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the observed rate constant for ferric heme reduction (approx two-fold at HOCl:Mb of 10:1 mol:mol). These data indicate that Cys110 influences the oxidation of HMb by HOCl and that oxidation of Cys, Met, and Trp residues is associated with a decrease in the one-electron reduction of ferric HMb by other proteins; such heme-Fe(3+) reduction is critical to the maintenance of function as an oxygen storage protein in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Szuchman-Sapir
- Vascular Biology Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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50
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Sharov VS, Dremina ES, Galeva NA, Gerstenecker GS, Li X, Dobrowsky RT, Stobaugh JF, Schöneich C. Fluorogenic Tagging of Peptide and Protein 3-Nitrotyrosine with 4-(Aminomethyl)-benzenesulfonic Acid for Quantitative Analysis of Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chromatographia 2009; 71:37-53. [PMID: 20703364 DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) has been recognized as an important biomarker of nitroxidative stress associated with inflammatory and degenerative diseases, and biological aging. Analysis of protein-bound 3-NT continues to represent a challenge since in vivo it frequently does not accumulate on proteins in amounts detectable by quantitative analytical methods. Here, we describe a novel approach of fluorescent tagging and quantitation of peptide-bound 3-NT residues based on the selective reduction to 3-AT followed by reaction with 4-(amino-methyl)benzenesulfonic acid (ABS) in the presence of K(3)Fe(CN)(6) to form a highly fluorescent 2-phenylbenzoxazole product. Synthetic 3-NT peptide (0.005-1 μM) upon reduction with 10 mM sodium dithionite and tagging with 2 mM ABS and 5 μM K(3)Fe(CN)(6) in 0.1 M Na(2)HPO(4) buffer (pH 9.0) was converted with yields >95% to a single fluorescent product incorporating two ABS molecules per 3-NT residue, with fluorescence excitation and emission maxima at 360 ± 2 and 490 ± 2 nm, respectively, and a quantum yield of 0.77 ± 0.08, based on reverse-phase LC with UV and fluorescence detection, fluorescence spectroscopy and LC-MS-MS analysis. This protocol was successfully tested for quantitative analysis of in vitro Tyr nitration in a model protein, rabbit muscle phosphorylase b, and in a complex mixture of proteins from C2C12 cultured cells exposed to peroxynitrite, with a detection limit of ca. 1 pmol 3-NT by fluorescence spectrometry, and an apparent LOD of 12 and 40 pmol for nitropeptides alone or in the presence of 100 μg digested cell proteins, respectively. LC-MS-MS analysis of ABS tagged peptides revealed that the fluorescent derivatives undergo efficient backbone fragmentations, allowing for sequence-specific characterization of protein Tyr nitration in proteomic studies. Fluorogenic tagging with ABS also can be instrumental for detection and visualization of protein 3-NT in LC and gel-based protein separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Sharov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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