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Yu C, Li X, Ma J, Liang S, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang R. Spatiotemporal modulation of nitric oxide and Notch signaling by hemodynamic-responsive Trpv4 is essential for ventricle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:60. [PMID: 38279064 PMCID: PMC10817848 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish have a remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts. Altered hemodynamic forces after larval ventricle ablation activate the endocardial Klf2a-Notch signaling cascade to direct zebrafish cardiac regeneration. However, how the heart perceives blood flow changes and initiates signaling pathways promoting regeneration is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that the mechanosensitive channel Trpv4 sensed the altered hemodynamic forces in injured hearts and its expression was regulated by blood flow. In addition to mediating the endocardial Klf2a-Notch signal cascade around the atrioventricular canal (AVC), we discovered that Trpv4 regulated nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the bulbus arteriosus (BA). Further experiments indicated that Notch signaling primarily acted at the early stage of regeneration, and the major role of NO signaling was at the late stage and through TGF-β pathway. Overall, our findings revealed that mechanosensitive channels perceived the changes in hemodynamics after ventricle injury, and provide novel insights into the temporal and spatial coordination of multiple signaling pathways regulating heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yu
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinmin Ma
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Li
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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2
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Huysseune A, Larsen UG, Larionova D, Matthiesen CL, Petersen SV, Muller M, Witten PE. Bone Formation in Zebrafish: The Significance of DAF-FM DA Staining for Nitric Oxide Detection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1780. [PMID: 38136650 PMCID: PMC10742054 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DAF-FM DA is widely used as a live staining compound to show the presence of nitric oxide (NO) in cells. Applying this stain to live zebrafish embryos is known to indicate early centers of bone formation, but the precise (cellular) location of the signal has hitherto not been revealed. Using sections of zebrafish embryos live-stained with DAF-FM DA, we could confirm that the fluorescent signals were predominantly located in areas of ongoing bone formation. Signals were observed in the bone and tooth matrix, in the notochord sheath, as well as in the bulbus arteriosus. Surprisingly, however, they were exclusively extracellular, even after very short staining times. Von Kossa and Alizarin red S staining to reveal mineral deposits showed that DAF-FM DA stains both the mineralized and non-mineralized bone matrix (osteoid), excluding that DAF-FM DA binds non-specifically to calcified structures. The importance of NO in bone formation by osteoblasts is nevertheless undisputed, as shown by the absence of bone structures after the inhibition of NOS enzymes that catalyze the formation of NO. In conclusion, in zebrafish skeletal biology, DAF-FM DA is appropriate to reveal bone formation in vivo, independent of mineralization of the bone matrix, but it does not demonstrate intracellular NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (D.L.); (P.E.W.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrike G. Larsen
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (U.G.L.); (C.L.M.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Daria Larionova
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (D.L.); (P.E.W.)
| | - Cecilie L. Matthiesen
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (U.G.L.); (C.L.M.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Steen V. Petersen
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (U.G.L.); (C.L.M.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratoire d’Organogenèse et Régénération, GIGA-R 1, Avenue de l’Hôpital, B34 Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - P. Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (D.L.); (P.E.W.)
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3
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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Arginine metabolism and nitric oxide turnover in the ZSF1 animal model for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20684. [PMID: 34667218 PMCID: PMC8526609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and altered nitric oxide (NO) metabolism are considered causal factors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). NO synthase activity depends on the availability of arginine and its derivatives. Thus, we analyzed arginine, associated metabolites, arginine-metabolizing enzymes and NO turnover in 20-week-old female healthy lean (L-ZSF1) and obese ZSF1 rats (O-ZSF1) with HFpEF. Serum, urine and lysates of liver, kidney and heart were analyzed. There were significantly lower lysine (− 28%), arginine (− 31%), homoarginine (− 72%) and nitrite (− 32%) levels in serum of O-ZSF1 rats. Ornithine (+ 60%) and citrulline (+ 20%) levels were higher. Similar results were found in the heart. Expression of arginine consuming enzymes in liver and kidney was unchanged. Instead, we observed a 5.8-fold higher arginase 1 expression, presumably of granulocyte origin, in serum and > fourfold increased cardiac macrophage invasion in O-ZSF1. We conclude that inflammatory cells in blood and heart consume arginine and probably homoarginine via arginase 1 and inducible NO synthase and release ornithine and citrulline. In combination with evidence for decreased NO turnover in O-ZSF1 rats, we assume lower arginine bioavailability to endothelial NO synthase.
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Cardiovascular and Respiratory Toxicity of Protamine Sulfate in Zebrafish and Rodent Models. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030359. [PMID: 33803176 PMCID: PMC8001545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protamine sulfate (PS) is the only available option to reverse the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparin (UFH), however it can cause cardiovascular and respiratory complications. We explored the toxicity of PS and its complexes with UFH in zebrafish, rats, and mice. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the above effects was investigated. Concentration-dependent lethality, morphological defects, and decrease in heart rate (HR) were observed in zebrafish larvae. PS affected HR, blood pressure, respiratory rate, peak exhaled CO2, and blood oxygen saturation in rats. We observed hypotension, increase of HR, perfusion of paw vessels, and enhanced respiratory disturbances with increases doses of PS. We found no effects of PS on human hERG channels or signs of heart damage in mice. The hypotension in rats and bradycardia in zebrafish were partially attenuated by the inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase. The disturbances in cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were reduced or delayed when PS was administered together with UFH. The cardiorespiratory toxicity of PS seems to be charge-dependent and involves enhanced release of NO. PS administered at appropriate doses and ratios with UFH should not cause permanent damage of heart tissue, although careful monitoring of cardiorespiratory parameters is necessary.
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Tang H, Lin S, Zeng W, Ye D, Zeng X, Luo Q, Li J, Ao Z, Mo J, Chen L, Yang Y, Huang Y, Liu J. [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO 4, a Near-Infrared Light activated release of Nitric Oxide drug as a nitric oxide donor for therapy of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111388. [PMID: 33761607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to investigate the synthesis of near-infrared light-sensitive NO prodrug [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4, and detection the amount of NO released by the drug in different time and near infrared light (10 mW, 20 mW). It showed that with the increase of light power, the time required for the drug to release NO was shortened, and we selected 20 mW, 10 min as a follow-up study of light power and irradiation time while ensuring the near-infrared light did not affect tumor cells. The cells were irradiated with 20 mW of near-infrared light for 10 min at 6 h after treatment with the drug on PC-3, LNCaP and 22RV1 cells, and NO concentration and cell survival rate were tested at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Experiments showed that NO concentration remained stable within 48 h and [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4 inhibited the proliferation of cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Then we also found that [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4 increased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (PARP, Bax, Caspase 3/9), inhibited the expression of BCl-2 and increased the activity level of Caspase 3/7, which showed [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4 promoted prostate cancer cells apoptosis. Next, the results in xenograft mouse model showed that [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4 also had anti-prostate cancer effects in vivo, and the NO concentration increased in the tumor after near-infrared light irradiation. After [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4 treatment 6 weeks, tumor volume was significantly reduced, Ki67 and BrdU protein expression was significantly reduced. TUNEL assay results showed that [Mn(PaPy2Q)(NO)]ClO4 could promote the apoptosis of solid tumors in vivo and in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shanhong Lin
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Dongcai Ye
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Qiuming Luo
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhixian Ao
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jierong Mo
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yiqiu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yunsheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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7
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8
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Foo RQ, Ahmad S, Lai KS, Idrus Z, Yusoff K, Liang JB. Palm Kernel Cake Oligosaccharides Acute Toxicity and Effects on Nitric Oxide Levels Using a Zebrafish Larvae Model. Front Physiol 2020; 11:555122. [PMID: 33071816 PMCID: PMC7541901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.555122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the beneficial effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) is their anti-inflammatory effects on host animals. While conventional animal studies require that analysis be done after samples have been taken from the host, zebrafish larvae are optically transparent upon hatching and this provides an opportunity for observations to be made within the living zebrafish larvae. This study aimed to take advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish larvae to study the nitric oxide (NO) reducing effects of NDOs through the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.) Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) to induce cardiac NO production. Prior to running the above experiment, an acute toxicity assay was conducted in order to determine the appropriate concentration of oligosaccharides to be used. The oligosaccharides tested consisted of oligosaccharides which were extracted from palm kernel cake with a degree of polymerization (DP) equal to or less than six (OligoPKC), commercial mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and commercial fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Acute toxicity test results revealed that the OligoPKC has a LC50 of 488.1 μg/ml while both MOS and FOS were non-toxic up to 1,000 μg/ml. Results of the in vivo NO measurements revealed that all three NDOs were capable of significantly reducing NO levels in LPS stimulated zebrafish embryos. In summary, at 250 μg/ml, OligoPKC was comparable to MOS and better than FOS at lowering NO in LPS induced zebrafish larvae. However, at higher doses, OligoPKC appears toxic to zebrafish larvae. This implies that the therapeutic potential of OligoPKC is limited by its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing Foo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Initially being considered as an environmental pollutant, nitric oxide has gained the momentum of research since its discovery as endothelial derived growth factor in 1987. Extensive researches have revealed the various pathological and physiological roles of nitric oxide such as inflammation, vascular and neurological regulation functions. Hence, the development of methods for quantifying nitric oxide concentration and its metabolites will be beneficial to well know about its biological functions and effects. This review summaries various methods for in vitro and in vivo nitric oxide detection, and introduces their merits and demerits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Goshi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaoxin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianjun He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Rochon ER, Corti P. Globins and nitric oxide homeostasis in fish embryonic development. Mar Genomics 2020; 49:100721. [PMID: 31711848 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of new members of the globin superfamily such as Cytoglobin, Neuroglobin and Globin X, in addition to the most well-known members, Hemoglobin and Myoglobin, different hypotheses have been suggested about their function in vertebrates. Globins are ubiquitously found in living organisms and can carry out different functions based on their ability to bind ligands such as O2, and nitric oxide (NO) and to catalyze reactions scavenging NO or generating NO by reducing nitrite. NO is a highly diffusible molecule with a central role in signaling important for egg maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. The globins ability to scavenge or generate NO makes these proteins ideal candidates in regulating NO homeostasis depending on the micro environment and tissue NO demands. Different amounts of various globins have been found in zebrafish eggs and developing embryos where it's unlikely that they function as respiratory proteins and instead could play a role in maintaining embryonic NO homeostasis. Here we summarize the current knowledge concerning the role of NO in adult fish in comparison to mammals and we discuss NO function during embryonic development with possible implications for globins in maintaining embryonic NO homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paola Corti
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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11
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Escamilla PR, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Hernandez DS, Howard CJ, Qian X, Filonov DY, Kinev AV, Shear JB, Anslyn EV, Yang Y. 2-Amino-3'-dialkylaminobiphenyl-based fluorescent intracellular probes for nitric oxide surrogate N 2O 3. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1394-1403. [PMID: 34123264 PMCID: PMC8148321 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes for nitric oxide (NO), or more frequently for its oxidized surrogate dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), have enabled scientists to study the contributions of this signaling molecule to many physiological processes. Seeking to improve upon limitations of other probes, we have developed a family of fluorescent probes based on a 2-amino-3'-dialkylaminobiphenyl core. This core condenses with N2O3 to form benzo[c]cinnoline structures, incorporating the analyte into the newly formed fluorophore, which results in product fluorescence with virtually no background contribution from the initial probe. We varied the substituents in the core in order to optimize both the reactivity of the probes with N2O3 and their cinnoline products' fluorescence wavelengths and brightness. The top candidates were then applied to cultured cells to verify that they could respond to NO within cellular milieus, and the top performer, NO530, was compared with a "gold standard" commercial probe, DAF-FM, in a macrophage-derived cell line, RAW 264.7, stimulated to produce NO. NO530 demonstrated similar or better sensitivity and higher selectivity for NO than DAF, making it an attractive potential alternative for NO tracking in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Quanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Derek S Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Cecil J Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | | | | | - Jason B Shear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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12
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Kugler EC, van Lessen M, Daetwyler S, Chhabria K, Savage AM, Silva V, Plant K, MacDonald RB, Huisken J, Wilkinson RN, Schulte‐Merker S, Armitage P, Chico TJA. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells form transient Notch-dependent cystic structures in zebrafish. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47047. [PMID: 31379129 PMCID: PMC6680135 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify a novel endothelial membrane behaviour in transgenic zebrafish. Cerebral blood vessels extrude large transient spherical structures that persist for an average of 23 min before regressing into the parent vessel. We term these structures "kugeln", after the German for sphere. Kugeln are only observed arising from the cerebral vessels and are present as late as 28 days post fertilization. Kugeln do not communicate with the vessel lumen and can form in the absence of blood flow. They contain little or no cytoplasm, but the majority are highly positive for nitric oxide reactivity. Kugeln do not interact with brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) and can form in their absence, nor do they perform a scavenging role or interact with macrophages. Inhibition of actin polymerization, Myosin II, or Notch signalling reduces kugel formation, while inhibition of VEGF or Wnt dysregulation (either inhibition or activation) increases kugel formation. Kugeln represent a novel Notch-dependent NO-containing endothelial organelle restricted to the cerebral vessels, of currently unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Max van Lessen
- WWU MünsterFaculty of MedicineInstitute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and RegenerationMünsterGermany
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Department of Cell BiologyThe University of Texas SouthwesternTexasTXUSA
| | - Karishma Chhabria
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Vishmi Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWIUSA
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Stefan Schulte‐Merker
- WWU MünsterFaculty of MedicineInstitute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and RegenerationMünsterGermany
| | - Paul Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Timothy JA Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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13
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Gaur H, Bhargava A. Glyphosate induces toxicity and modulates calcium and NO signaling in zebrafish embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:1070-1075. [PMID: 31010672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate, an herbicide used worldwide, has emerged as a pollutant. However, its toxic effects are debated by regulatory authorities. Therefore, it is essential to keep the use of such chemicals under continuous observation, and their effects must be re-evaluated. We used zebrafish embryos to evaluate the toxic effects of glyphosate and its mechanisms. We found that glyphosate induced significant toxicity in a time and concentration-dependent manner. We observed an LD50 of 66.04 ± 4.6 μg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Glyphosate significantly reduced the heartbeat in a time and concentration-dependent manner indicating cardiotoxicity. Selective downregulation of Cacana1C (L-type calcium channel) and ryr2a (Ryanodine receptor) genes along with selective upregulation of hspb11 (heat shock protein) gene was observed upon exposure to glyphosate indicating alterations in the calcium signaling. A reduction in the nitric oxide (NO) generation was also observed in the zebrafish embryos upon exposure to glyphosate. Our results indicate that glyphosate induces significant toxicity including cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Further, cardiotoxicity may be due to changes in calcium and NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gaur
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India.
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14
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Ferri-Lagneau KF, Haider J, Sang S, Leung T. Rescue of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells formation in plcg1 zebrafish mutant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:244. [PMID: 30664660 PMCID: PMC6341084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and is also required to drive arterial and HSPC formation. Genetic mutation in plcg1-/- (y10 allele) completely disrupts the aortic blood flow, specification of arterial fate, and HSPC formation in zebrafish embryos. We previously demonstrated that ginger treatment promoted definitive hematopoiesis via Bmp signaling. In this paper, we focus on HSPC development in plcg1-/- mutants and show that ginger/10-gingerol (10-G) can rescue the expression of arterial and HSPC markers in the HE and CHT in plcg1-/- mutant embryos. We demonstrate that ginger can induce scl/runx1 expression, and that rescued HE fate is dependent on Bmp and Notch. Bmp and Notch are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and NO can induce hematopoietic stem cell fate. We show that ginger produces a robust up-regulation of NO. Taken together, we suggest in this paper that Bmp, Notch and NO are potential players that mediate the effect of ginger/10-G for rescuing the genetic defects in blood vessel specification and HSPC formation in plcg1-/- mutants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HSPC development in vivo is critical for understanding HSPC expansion, which will have a positive impact in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine F Ferri-Lagneau
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jamil Haider
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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15
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Phan QT, Sipka T, Gonzalez C, Levraud JP, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. Neutrophils use superoxide to control bacterial infection at a distance. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007157. [PMID: 30016370 PMCID: PMC6049935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the roles of neutrophils and macrophages in fighting bacterial infections is a critical issue in human pathologies. Although phagocytic killing has been extensively studied, little is known about how bacteria are eliminated extracellularly in live vertebrates. We have recently developed an infection model in the zebrafish embryo in which leukocytes cannot reach the injected bacteria. When Escherichia coli bacteria are injected within the notochord, both neutrophils and macrophages are massively recruited during several days, but do not infiltrate the infected tissue presumably because of its tough collagen sheath. Nevertheless, the bacteria are killed during the first 24 hours, and we report here that neutrophils, but not macrophages are involved in the control of the infection. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we show that even in absence of phagocytosis, the bactericidal action relies on NADPH oxidase-dependent production of superoxide in neutrophils. We thus reveal a host effector mechanism mediated by neutrophils that eliminates bacteria that cannot be reached by phagocytes and that is independent of macrophages, NO synthase or myeloperoxidase. Deciphering the defence mechanisms of leukocytes remains a challenge for public health. Although phagocytic killing has been extensively studied, little is known about how bacteria are eliminated extracellularly in live vertebrates. Herein we use the notochord infection model in the zebrafish embryo to describe how leukocytes eliminate distant bacteria that are inaccessible for phagocytosis. In this context neutrophils but not macrophages are instrumental for bacterial clearance and larva survival. We then found that neutrophil bactericidal action relies on the NADPH oxidase dependent production of superoxide and is independent of NO synthase or myeloperoxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tien Phan
- DIMNP, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Dept of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tamara Sipka
- DIMNP, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR3738, Paris, France
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16
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Compound K Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Raw 264.7 Cell Line and Zebrafish. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Roder P, Hille C. Local tissue manipulation via a force- and pressure-controlled AFM micropipette for analysis of cellular processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5892. [PMID: 29651136 PMCID: PMC5897369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Local manipulation of complex tissues at the single-cell level is challenging and requires excellent sealing between the specimen and the micromanipulation device. Here, biological applications for a recently developed loading technique for a force- and pressure-controlled fluidic force microscope micropipette are described. This technique allows for the exact positioning and precise spatiotemporal control of liquid delivery. The feasibility of a local loading technique for tissue applications was investigated using two fluorescent dyes, with which local loading behaviour could be optically visualised. Thus, homogeneous intracellular distribution of CellTracker Red and accumulation of SYTO 9 Green within nuclei was realised in single cells of a tissue preparation. Subsequently, physiological micromanipulation experiments were performed. Salivary gland tissue was pre-incubated with the Ca2+-sensitive dye OGB-1. An intracellular Ca2+ rise was then initiated at the single-cell level by applying dopamine via micropipette. When pre-incubating tissue with the nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive dye DAF-FM, NO release and intercellular NO diffusion was observed after local application of the NO donor SNP. Finally, local micromanipulation of a well-defined area along irregularly shaped cell surfaces of complex biosystems was shown for the first time for the fluidic force microscope micropipette. Thus, this technique is a promising tool for the investigation of the spatiotemporal effects of locally applied substances in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Roder
- Department of Physical Chemistry/Applied Laser Sensing in Complex Biosystems (ALS ComBi), Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Hille
- Department of Physical Chemistry/Applied Laser Sensing in Complex Biosystems (ALS ComBi), Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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18
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Feng J, Chen X, Lu S, Li W, Yang D, Su W, Wang X, Shen J. Naringin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Peroxynitrite-Mediated Mitophagy Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9029-9042. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Dumitrescu E, Wallace KN, Andreescu S. Real time electrochemical investigation of the release, distribution and modulation of nitric oxide in the intestine of individual zebrafish embryos. Nitric Oxide 2018; 74:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Makwana O, Flockton H, Watters GP, Nisar R, Smith GA, Fields W, Bombick B. Human aortic endothelial cells respond to shear flow in well-plate microfluidic devices. Altern Lab Anim 2017; 45:177-190. [PMID: 28994298 DOI: 10.1177/026119291704500407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic progressive cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis are often challenging to fully model in vitro, it has been shown that certain in vitro methods can effectively evaluate some aspects of disease progression. This has been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies of endothelial cells that have illustrated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) production, filamentous actin (F-actin) formation, and cell and actin angle alignment on vascular function and homeostasis. Systems utilising shear flow have been established, in order to create a physiologically relevant environment for cells that require shear flow for homeostasis. Here, we investigated the use of a well-plate microfluidic system and associated devices (0-20dyn/cm²) to demonstrate applied shear effects on primary Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs). Changes in cell and actin alignment in the direction of flow, real-time production of NO and gross cell membrane shape changes in response to physiological shear flow were observed. These commercial systems have a range of potential applications, including within the consumer and pharmaceutical industries, thereby reducing the dependency on animal testing for regulatory safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Makwana
- RAI Services Company Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Flockton
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Harrogate, UK
| | - Gary P Watters
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Harrogate, UK
| | - Rizwan Nisar
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Harrogate, UK
| | - Gina A Smith
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Harrogate, UK
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21
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Holliman G, Lowe D, Cohen H, Felton S, Raj K. Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide:A multi-cell and multi-donor analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11105. [PMID: 28894213 PMCID: PMC5593895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding positive effects of exposure to sunlight has led to suggestions that current advice may be overly weighted in favour of avoidance. UV-A has been reported to lower blood pressure, possibly through nitric oxide (NO) production in skin. Here, we set out to investigate effects of UV-A and solar-simulated radiation on the potential source of dermal NO, the effective doses and wavelengths, the responsiveness of different human skin cells, the magnitude of inter-individual differences and the potential influence of age. We utilised isogenic keratinocytes, microvascular endothelial cells, melanocytes and fibroblasts isolated from 36 human skins ranging from neonates to 86 years old. We show that keratinocytes and microvascular endothelial cells show greatest NO release following biologically relevant doses of UV-A. This was consistent across multiple neonatal donors and the effect is maintained in adult keratinocytes. Our observations are consistent with a bi-phasic mechanism by which UV-A can trigger vasodilatory effects. Analyses of NO-production spectra adds further evidence that nitrites in skin cells are the source of UV-mediated NO release. These potentially positive effects of ultraviolet radiation lend support for objective assessment of environmental influence on human health and the idea of “healthy sun exposure”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Holliman
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards,Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Donna Lowe
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards,Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Cohen
- Elizabeth House, 515 Limpsfield Road, Warlingham, Surrey, CR6 9LF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Felton
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards,Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Arora D, Bhatla SC. Melatonin and nitric oxide regulate sunflower seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:315-328. [PMID: 28254544 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinity results in significant reduction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedling growth and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Present work highlights the possible role of melatonin as an antioxidant through its interaction with nitric oxide (NO), and as an early and long distance NaCl-stress sensing signaling molecule in seedling cotyledons. Exogenous melatonin (15µM)±NaCl (120mM) inhibit seedling growth, which is also correlated with NO availability, accumulation of potential superoxide anion (O2•-) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), extent of tyrosine-nitration of proteins, spatial localization and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms. NO acts as a positive modulator of melatonin accumulation in seedling cotyledons as a long-distance signaling response. Modulation of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite anion content by melatonin highlights its crucial role in combating deleterious effects of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Present findings provide evidence for an interaction between melatonin and NO in their effect on seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential modulation of two SOD isoforms, i.e. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Arora
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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23
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Li H, Zhang D, Gao M, Huang L, Tang L, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang X. Highly specific C-C bond cleavage induced FRET fluorescence for in vivo biological nitric oxide imaging. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2199-2203. [PMID: 28507674 PMCID: PMC5407267 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorescence "off-on" system based on the highly specific, sensitive and effective C-C bond cleavage of certain dihydropyridine derivatives was reported for real-time quantitative imaging of nitric oxide (NO). 1,4-Dihydropyridine was synthesized as a novel linker which could connect customized fluorophores and their corresponding quenchers. The specific and quantitative response to NO is confirmed using fluorescence spectrometry with the classical example of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and [4'-(N,N'-dimethylamino)phenylazo] benzoyl (DABCYL). The fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the increase in the amount of NO. Cells incubated with an exogenous NO donor emitted fluorescence as expected. A high fluorescence intensity was detected in macrophages which generate NO when incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The in vivo imaging shows about an 8-fold contrast between Freund's adjuvant stimulated feet and normal feet in mice after intravenous injection, which was the first example of in vivo semiquantitative fluorescence imaging of NO in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
| | - Deliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
| | - Mengna Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
| | - Lumei Huang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
| | - Longguang Tang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
| | - Zijing Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) , National Institutes of Health (USA) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , USA
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health , Xiamen University , 361102 Xiamen , Fujian , China . ;
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24
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Oehlers SH, Flores MV, Hall CJ, Wang L, Ko DC, Crosier KE, Crosier PS. A whole animal chemical screen approach to identify modifiers of intestinal neutrophilic inflammation. FEBS J 2017; 284:402-413. [PMID: 27885812 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
By performing two high-content small molecule screens on dextran sodium sulfate- and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced zebrafish enterocolitis models of inflammatory bowel disease, we have identified novel anti-inflammatory drugs from the John Hopkins Clinical Compound Library that suppress neutrophilic inflammation. Live imaging of neutrophil distribution was used to assess the level of acute inflammation and concurrently screen for off-target drug effects. Supporting the validity of our screening strategy, most of the anti-inflammatory drug hits were known antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents. Novel hits included cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopamine receptor agonists. Using a pharmacological approach, we show that while CCK and dopamine receptor agonists alleviate enterocolitis-associated inflammation, receptor antagonists exacerbate inflammation in zebrafish. This work highlights the utility of small molecule screening in zebrafish enterocolitis models as a tool to identify novel bioactive molecules capable of modulating acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H Oehlers
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Vega Flores
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn E Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Jung SH, Kim YS, Lee YR, Kim JS. High glucose-induced changes in hyaloid-retinal vessels during early ocular development of zebrafish: a short-term animal model of diabetic retinopathy. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:15-26. [PMID: 26276677 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although a variety of animal models have been used to test drug candidates and examine the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, time-saving and inexpensive models are still needed to evaluate the increasing number of therapeutic approaches. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We developed a model for diabetic retinopathy using the early stage of transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) by treating embryos with 130 mM glucose, from 3-6 days post fertilisation (high-glucose model). On day 6, lenses from zebrafish larvae were isolated and treated with 3% trypsin, and changes in hyaloid-retinal vessels were analysed using fluorescent stereomicroscopy. In addition, expression of tight junction proteins (such as zonula occludens-1), effects of hyperosmolar solutions and of hypoxia, and Vegf expression were assessed by RT -PCR. NO production was assessed with a fluorescent substrate. Effects of inhibitors of the VEGF receptor, NO synthesis and a VEGF antibody (ranibizumab) were also measured. KEY RESULTS In this high-glucose model, dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels, on day 6, was accompanied by morphological lesions with disruption of tight junction proteins, overproduction of Vegf mRNA and increased NO production. Treatment of this high-glucose model with an inhibitor of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase or an inhibitor of NO synthase or ranibizumab decreased dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that short-term exposure of zebrafish larvae to high-glucose conditions could be used for screening and drug discovery for diabetic retinopathy and particularly for disorders of retinal vessels related to disruption of tight junction proteins and excessive VEGF and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jung
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
| | - Young Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Lee
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
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26
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Vumma R, Bang CS, Kruse R, Johansson K, Persson K. Antibacterial effects of nitric oxide on uropathogenic Escherichia coli during bladder epithelial cell colonization--a comparison with nitrofurantoin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 69:183-6. [PMID: 26531685 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vumma
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Sahlberg Bang
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC-Inflammatory Responses and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC-Inflammatory Responses and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kjell Johansson
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Katarina Persson
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC-Inflammatory Responses and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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27
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Windhausen T, Squifflet S, Renn J, Muller M. BMP Signaling Regulates Bone Morphogenesis in Zebrafish through Promoting Osteoblast Function as Assessed by Their Nitric Oxide Production. Molecules 2015; 20:7586-601. [PMID: 25919279 PMCID: PMC6272212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control many developmental and physiological processes, including skeleton formation and homeostasis. Previous studies in zebrafish revealed the crucial importance of proper BMP signaling before 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) for cartilage formation in the skull. Here, we focus on the involvement of the BMP pathway between 48 and 96 hpf in bone formation after 96 hpf. Using BMP inhibitors and the expression of a dominant-negative BMP receptor, we analyze whether the loss of BMP signaling affects osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast function and bone mineralization. To this end, we used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(osterix:mCherry), detection of nitric oxide (NO) production, and alizarin red staining, respectively. We observed that inhibition of BMP signaling between 48 and 72 hpf led to a reduction of NO production and bone mineralization. Osteoblast maturation and chondrogenesis, on the other hand, seemed unchanged. Osteoblast function and bone formation were less affected when BMP signaling was inhibited between 72 and 96 hpf. These results suggest that for the onset of bone formation, proper BMP signaling between 48 and 72 hpf is crucial to ensure osteoblast function and ossification. Furthermore, detection of NO in developing zebrafish larvae appears as an early indicator of bone calcification activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Windhausen
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, Université de Liège, GIGA-R B34, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Steeve Squifflet
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, Université de Liège, GIGA-R B34, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jörg Renn
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, Université de Liège, GIGA-R B34, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, Université de Liège, GIGA-R B34, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Yousfi N, Pruvot B, Lopez T, Magadoux L, Franche N, Pichon L, Salvadori F, Solary E, Garrido C, Laurens V, Chluba J. The impact of tumor nitric oxide production on VEGFA expression and tumor growth in a zebrafish rat glioma xenograft model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120435. [PMID: 25768009 PMCID: PMC4359111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitric oxide on tumor development, we established a rat tumor xenograft model in zebrafish embryos. The injected tumor cells formed masses in which nitric oxide production could be detected by the use of the cell-permeant DAF-FM-DA (diaminofluorophore 4-amino-5-methylamino-2’-7’-difluorofluorescein diacetate) and DAR-4M-AM (diaminorhodamine-4M). This method revealed that nitric oxide production could be co-localized with the tumor xenograft in 46% of the embryos. In 85% of these embryos, tumors were vascularized and blood vessels were observed on day 4 post injection. Furthermore, we demonstrated by qRT-PCR that the transplanted glioma cells highly expressed Nos2, Vegfa and Cyclin D1 mRNA. In the xenografted embryos we also found increased zebrafish vegfa expression. Glioma and zebrafish derived Vegfa and tumor Cyclin D1 expression could be down regulated by the nitric oxide scavenger 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide or CPTIO. We conclude that even if there is a heterogeneous nitric oxide production by the xenografted glioma cells that impacts Vegfa and Cyclin D1 expression levels, our results suggest that reduction of nitric oxide levels by nitric oxide scavenging could be an efficient approach to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhir Yousfi
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
| | | | - Tatiana Lopez
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
| | - Lea Magadoux
- EA 7269, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1009, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Laurens
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
- EA 7269, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Dijon, France
| | - Johanna Chluba
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Development and characterization of an endothelial cell line from the bulbus arteriosus of walleye, Sander vitreus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 180:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Measurement of nitric oxide in mast cells with the fluorescent indicator DAF-FM diacetate. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1220:339-45. [PMID: 25388261 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1568-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The production of nitric oxide in mast cells has been difficult to measure due to the low amounts made by mast cells, as well as limitations in the specificity and sensitivity of the assays available. We present here a sensitive and specific 96-well plate-based method to directly measure NO using the cell-permeable fluorescent compound DAF-FM diacetate.
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31
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Gu Q, Yang X, Lin L, Li S, Li Q, Zhong S, Peng J, Cui Z. Genetic ablation of solute carrier family 7a3a leads to hepatic steatosis in zebrafish during fasting. Hepatology 2014; 60:1929-41. [PMID: 25130427 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder caused by abnormal lipid metabolisms, such as reduced hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO), but intracellular control of FAO under physio- and pathological conditions remains largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that deprivation of Slc7a3a leads to hepatic steatosis in fasted zebrafish as a result of defects in arginine-dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Fast-induced hepatic steatosis in slc7a3a-null mutants can be rescued by treatments with NO donor, cyclic guanosine monophosphate analog, adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist. In contrast, inhibitors of NO synthases, AMPK, or soluble guanylate cyclase and liver-specifically expressed dominant negatives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha and PPAR-α are sufficient to induce hepatic steatosis in fasted wild-type larvae. Moreover, knockdown of Slc7a3 in mice or SLC7A3 in human liver cells impaired AMPK-PPAR-α signaling and resulted in lipid accumulation under fasting or glucose starvation, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings have revealed a NO-AMPK-PPAR-α-signaling pathway that is crucial for the control of hepatic FAO in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rieu A, Aoudia N, Jego G, Chluba J, Yousfi N, Briandet R, Deschamps J, Gasquet B, Monedero V, Garrido C, Guzzo J. The biofilm mode of life boosts the anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1836-53. [PMID: 25052472 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The predominant form of life for microorganisms in their natural habitats is the biofilm mode of growth. The adherence and colonization of probiotic bacteria are considered as essential factors for their immunoregulatory function in the host. Here, we show that Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 adheres to and colonizes the gut of zebrafish larvae. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of macrophages were low when inflammation was induced in probiotic-fed animals, suggesting that these bacteria have anti-inflammatory properties. We treated human macrophage-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cells with supernatants of L. casei ATCC334 grown in either biofilm or planktonic cultures. TNF-α production was suppressed and the NF-κB pathway was inhibited only in the presence of supernatants from biofilms. We identified GroEL as the biofilm supernatant compound responsible, at least partially, for this anti-inflammatory effect. Gradual immunodepletion of GroEL demonstrated that the abundance of GroEL and TNF-α were inversely correlated. We confirmed that biofilm development in other Lactobacillus species affects the immune response. The biofilms supernatants of these species also contained large amounts of GroEL. Thus, our results demonstrate that the biofilm enhances the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus sp. and that secreted GroEL is involved in this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Rieu
- UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000, Dijon, France
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33
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Nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) are endocrine disruptors to downregulate expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and motor behavior through conversion to nitric oxide in early development of zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:608-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jacox L, Sindelka R, Chen J, Rothman A, Dickinson A, Sive H. The extreme anterior domain is an essential craniofacial organizer acting through Kinin-Kallikrein signaling. Cell Rep 2014; 8:596-609. [PMID: 25043181 PMCID: PMC4135435 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme anterior domain (EAD) is a conserved embryonic region that includes the presumptive mouth. We show that the Kinin-Kallikrein pathway is active in the EAD and necessary for craniofacial development in Xenopus and zebrafish. The mouth failed to form and neural crest (NC) development and migration was abnormal after loss of function (LOF) in the pathway genes kng, encoding Bradykinin (xBdk), carboxypeptidase-N (cpn), which cleaves Bradykinin, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Consistent with a role for nitric oxide (NO) in face formation, endogenous NO levels declined after LOF in pathway genes, but these were restored and a normal face formed after medial implantation of xBdk-beads into LOF embryos. Facial transplants demonstrated that Cpn function from within the EAD is necessary for the migration of first arch cranial NC into the face and for promoting mouth opening. The study identifies the EAD as an essential craniofacial organizer acting through Kinin-Kallikrein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jacox
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Holyoke Center, 50, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Radek Sindelka
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alyssa Rothman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amanda Dickinson
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hazel Sive
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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35
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Elks PM, van der Vaart M, van Hensbergen V, Schutz E, Redd MJ, Murayama E, Spaink HP, Meijer AH. Mycobacteria counteract a TLR-mediated nitrosative defense mechanism in a zebrafish infection model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100928. [PMID: 24967596 PMCID: PMC4072692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major world health problem. The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a potent cytostatic and cytotoxic defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. Nevertheless, the protective role of RNS during Mtb infection remains controversial. Here we use an anti-nitrotyrosine antibody as a readout to study nitration output by the zebrafish host during early mycobacterial pathogenesis. We found that recognition of Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of Mtb, was sufficient to induce a nitrosative defense mechanism in a manner dependent on MyD88, the central adaptor protein in Toll like receptor (TLR) mediated pathogen recognition. However, this host response was attenuated by mycobacteria via a virulence mechanism independent of the well-characterized RD1 virulence locus. Our results indicate a mechanism of pathogenic mycobacteria to circumvent host defense in vivo. Shifting the balance of host-pathogen interactions in favor of the host by targeting this virulence mechanism may help to alleviate the problem of infection with Mtb strains that are resistant to multiple drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Elks
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Esther Schutz
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Redd
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University Of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Emi Murayama
- Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité de Recherche Associée 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H. Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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36
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Kong Y, Grimaldi M, Curtin E, Dougherty M, Kaufman C, White RM, Zon LI, Liao EC. Neural crest development and craniofacial morphogenesis is coordinated by nitric oxide and histone acetylation. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:488-501. [PMID: 24684905 PMCID: PMC4349424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are patterned and coalesce to facial prominences that undergo convergence and extension to generate the craniofacial form. We applied a chemical genetics approach to identify pathways that regulate craniofacial development during embryogenesis. Treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 1-(2-[trifluoromethyl] phenyl) imidazole (TRIM) abrogated first pharyngeal arch structures and induced ectopic ceratobranchial formation. TRIM promoted a progenitor CNC fate and inhibited chondrogenic differentiation, which were mediated through impaired nitric oxide (NO) production without appreciable effect on global protein S-nitrosylation. Instead, TRIM perturbed hox gene patterning and caused histone hypoacetylation. Rescue of TRIM phenotype was achieved with overexpression of histone acetyltransferase kat6a, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and complementary NO. These studies demonstrate that NO signaling and histone acetylation are coordinated mechanisms that regulate CNC patterning, differentiation, and convergence during craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Kong
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Grimaldi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eugene Curtin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Max Dougherty
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles Kaufman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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37
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Ozel RE, Alkasir RSJ, Ray K, Wallace KN, Andreescu S. Comparative evaluation of intestinal nitric oxide in embryonic zebrafish exposed to metal oxide nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:4250-4261. [PMID: 23873807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) exposure may induce oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can lead to cellular and tissue damage. The digestive system is one of the initial organs affected by NP exposure. Here, it is demonstrated that exposure to metal oxide NPs induces differential changes in zebrafish intestinal NO concentrations. Intestinal NO concentrations are quantified electrochemically with a carbon fiber microelectrode inserted in the intestine of live embryos. Specificity of the electrochemical signals is demonstrated by NO-specific pharmacological manipulations and the results are correlated with the 4,5-diaminofluorescein-diacetate (DAF-FM-DA). NPs are demonstrated to either induce or reduce physiological NO levels depending on their redox reactivity, type and dose. NO level is altered following exposure of zebrafish embryos to CuO and CeO2 NPs at various stages and concentrations. CuO NPs increase NO concentration, suggesting an intestinal oxidative damage. In contrast, low CeO2 NP concentration exposure significantly reduces NO levels, suggesting NO scavenging activity. However, high concentration exposure results in increased NO. Alterations in NO concentration suggest changes in intestinal physiology and oxidative stress, which will ultimately correspond to NPs toxicity. This work also demonstrates the use of electrochemistry to monitor in vivo changes of NO within zebrafish organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Emrah Ozel
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5810, USA
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38
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Hypoxia inducible factor signaling modulates susceptibility to mycobacterial infection via a nitric oxide dependent mechanism. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003789. [PMID: 24367256 PMCID: PMC3868520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a current major world-health problem, exacerbated by the causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), becoming increasingly resistant to conventional antibiotic treatment. Mtb is able to counteract the bactericidal mechanisms of leukocytes to survive intracellularly and develop a niche permissive for proliferation and dissemination. Understanding of the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis (TB) remains limited, especially for early infection and for reactivation of latent infection. Signaling via hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-α) transcription factors has previously been implicated in leukocyte activation and host defence. We have previously shown that hypoxic signaling via stabilization of Hif-1α prolongs the functionality of leukocytes in the innate immune response to injury. We sought to manipulate Hif-α signaling in a well-established Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) zebrafish model of TB to investigate effects on the host's ability to combat mycobacterial infection. Stabilization of host Hif-1α, both pharmacologically and genetically, at early stages of Mm infection was able to reduce the bacterial burden of infected larvae. Increasing Hif-1α signaling enhanced levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in neutrophils prior to infection and was able to reduce larval mycobacterial burden. Conversely, decreasing Hif-2α signaling enhanced RNS levels and reduced bacterial burden, demonstrating that Hif-1α and Hif-2α have opposing effects on host susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. The antimicrobial effect of Hif-1α stabilization, and Hif-2α reduction, were demonstrated to be dependent on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling at early stages of infection. Our findings indicate that induction of leukocyte iNOS by stabilizing Hif-1α, or reducing Hif-2α, aids the host during early stages of Mm infection. Stabilization of Hif-1α therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a mycobacterial disease that was a major cause of death until the discovery of antibiotics in the mid-twentieth century. However, TB is once again on the rise, with the emergence of strains that are multi-drug resistant. Mycobacteria are specialists in evading immune cell killing and use host immune cells as a niche in which they can proliferate and survive latently, until subsequent re-activation and spreading causing life-threatening disease. Pharmaceutical reprogramming of the immune system to kill intracellular mycobacteria would represent a therapeutic strategy, effective against currently untreatable strains and less susceptible to drug resistance. Here we use an in vivo zebrafish model of TB to show that manipulation of the host genetic pathway responsible for detecting low oxygen levels (hypoxia) causes a decrease in mycobacterial infection. This antimicrobial effect was due to a priming of immune cells with increased levels of nitric oxide, a molecule that is used by immune cells to kill bacteria. Here we show in vivo manipulation of a host-signaling pathway aids the host in combatting mycobacteria infection, identifying hypoxic signaling as a potential target for future therapeutics against TB.
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Cambier CJ, Takaki KK, Larson RP, Hernandez RE, Tobin DM, Urdahl KB, Cosma CL, Ramakrishnan L. Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids. Nature 2013; 505:218-22. [PMID: 24336213 PMCID: PMC3961847 DOI: 10.1038/nature12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of human tuberculosis (TB), depends on its ability to invade the host, replicate, and transmit infection. At its initial peripheral infection site in the distal lung airways, M. tuberculosis infects macrophages which transport it to deeper tissues1. How mycobacteria survive in these broadly microbicidal cells is an important question. Here we show that M. tuberculosis, and its close pathogenic relative Mycobacterium marinum, preferentially recruit and infect permissive macrophages while evading microbicidal ones. This immune evasion is accomplished by using cell surface associated phthiocerol dimycoceroserate (PDIM) lipids2 to mask underlying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In the absence of PDIM, these PAMPs signal a toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent recruitment of macrophages that produce microbicidal reactive nitrogen species. Concordantly, the related phenolic glycolipids (PGL)2, promote recruitment of permissive macrophages via a host chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)-mediated pathway. Thus, we have identified coordinated roles for PDIM, known to be essential for mycobacterial virulence3 and PGL, which (along with CCR2) is known to be associated with human TB4,5. Our findings also suggest an explanation for the longstanding observation that M. tuberculosis initiates infection in the relatively sterile environment of the lower respiratory tract, rather than in the upper respiratory tract, where resident microflora and inhaled environmental microbes may continually recruit microbicidal macrophages through TLR-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Cambier
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Kevin K Takaki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ryan P Larson
- 1] Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Rafael E Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - David M Tobin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Kevin B Urdahl
- 1] Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Christine L Cosma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- 1] Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [3] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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40
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Meijer AH, van der Vaart M, Spaink HP. Real-time imaging and genetic dissection of host-microbe interactions in zebrafish. Cell Microbiol 2013; 16:39-49. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie H. Meijer
- Institute of Biology; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van der Vaart
- Institute of Biology; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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41
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Basu S, Sachidanandan C. Zebrafish: a multifaceted tool for chemical biologists. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7952-80. [PMID: 23819893 DOI: 10.1021/cr4000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Basu
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) , South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
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42
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Choi VWY, Ng CYP, Kobayashi A, Konishi T, Suya N, Ishikawa T, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Bystander effect between zebrafish embryos in vivo induced by high-dose X-rays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6368-6376. [PMID: 23668636 DOI: 10.1021/es401171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We employed embryos of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, for our studies on the in vivo bystander effect between embryos irradiated with high-dose X-rays and naive unirradiated embryos. The effects on the naive whole embryos were studied through quantification of apoptotic signals at 25 h post fertilization (hpf) through the terminal dUTP transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay followed by counting the stained cells under a microscope. We report data showing that embryos at 5 hpf subjected to a 4-Gy X-ray irradiation could release a stress signal into the medium, which could induce a bystander effect in partnered naive embryos sharing the same medium. We further demonstrated that this bystander effect (induced through partnering) could be successfully suppressed through the addition of the nitric oxide (NO) scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) into the medium but not through the addition of the CO liberator tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium(II) (CORM-3). This shows that NO was involved in the bystander response between zebrafish embryos induced through X-ray irradiation. We also report data showing that the bystander effect could be successfully induced in naive embryos by introducing them into the irradiated embryo conditioned medium (IECM) alone, i.e., without partnering with the irradiated embryos. The IECM was harvested from the medium that had conditioned the zebrafish embryos irradiated at 5 hpf with 4-Gy X-ray until the irradiated embryos developed into 29 hpf. NO released from the irradiated embryos was unlikely to be involved in the bystander effect induced through the IECM because of the short life of NO. We further revealed that this bystander effect (induced through IECM) was rapidly abolished through diluting the IECM by a factor of 2× or greater, which agreed with the proposal that the bystander effect was an on/off response with a threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Y Choi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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Oehlers SH, Flores MV, Hall CJ, Okuda KS, Sison JO, Crosier KE, Crosier PS. Chemically induced intestinal damage models in zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish 2013; 10:184-93. [PMID: 23448252 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several intestinal damage models have been developed using zebrafish, with the aim of recapitulating aspects of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These experimentally induced inflammation models have utilized immersion exposure to an array of colitogenic agents (including live bacteria, bacterial products, and chemicals) to induce varying severity of inflammation. This technical report describes methods used to generate two chemically induced intestinal damage models using either dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Methods to monitor intestinal damage and inflammatory processes, and chemical-genetic methods to manipulate the host response to injury are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H Oehlers
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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44
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Opitz R, Maquet E, Huisken J, Antonica F, Trubiroha A, Pottier G, Janssens V, Costagliola S. Transgenic zebrafish illuminate the dynamics of thyroid morphogenesis and its relationship to cardiovascular development. Dev Biol 2012; 372:203-16. [PMID: 23022354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the various organs derived from foregut endoderm, the thyroid gland is unique in that major morphogenic events such as budding from foregut endoderm, descent into subpharyngeal mesenchyme and growth expansion occur in close proximity to cardiovascular tissues. To date, research on thyroid organogenesis was missing one vital tool-a transgenic model that allows to track the dynamic changes in thyroid size, shape and location relative to adjacent cardiovascular tissues in live embryos. In this study, we generated a novel transgenic zebrafish line, tg(tg:mCherry), in which robust and thyroid-specific expression of a membrane version of mCherry enables live imaging of thyroid development in embryos from budding stage throughout formation of functional thyroid follicles. By using various double transgenic models in which EGFP expression additionally labels cardiovascular structures, a high coordination was revealed between thyroid organogenesis and cardiovascular development. Early thyroid development was found to proceed in intimate contact with the distal ventricular myocardium and live imaging confirmed that thyroid budding from the pharyngeal floor is tightly coordinated with the descent of the heart. Four-dimensional imaging of live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy and 3D-reconstruction of confocal images of stained embryos yielded novel insights into the role of specific pharyngeal vessels, such as the hypobranchial artery (HA), in guiding late thyroid expansion along the pharyngeal midline. An important role of the HA was corroborated by the detailed examination of thyroid development in various zebrafish models showing defective cardiovascular development. In combination, our results from live imaging as well es from 3D-reconstruction of thyroid development in tg(tg:mCherry) embryos provided a first dynamic view of late thyroid organogenesis in zebrafish-a critical resource for the design of future studies addressing the molecular mechanisms of these thyroid-vasculature interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Opitz
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Liu L, Liu J, Wong WT, Tian XY, Lau CW, Wang YX, Xu G, Pu Y, Zhu Z, Xu A, Lam KSL, Chen ZY, Ng CF, Yao X, Huang Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin protects endothelial function in hypertension through a glucagon-like peptide 1-dependent mechanism. Hypertension 2012; 60:833-41. [PMID: 22868389 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.195115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, inhibits the inactivation and degradation of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the role of GLP-1 in hypertension. This study investigated whether the activation of GLP-1 signaling protects endothelial function in hypertension. Two-week sitagliptin treatment (10 mg/kg per day, oral gavage) improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in renal arteries, restored renal blood flow, and reduced systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In vivo sitagliptin treatment elevated GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor expressions, increased cAMP level, and subsequently activated protein kinase A, liver kinase B1, AMP-activated protein kinase-α and endothelial NO synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rat renal arteries. Inhibition of GLP-1 receptor, adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, AMP-activated protein kinase-α, or NO synthase reversed the protective effects of sitagliptin. We also demonstrate that GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin 4 in vitro treatment had similar vasoprotective effects in spontaneously hypertensive rat renal arteries and increased NO production in spontaneously hypertensive rat aortic endothelial cells. Studies using transient expressions of wild-type and dominant-negative AMP-activated protein kinase-α2 support the critical role of AMP-activated protein kinase-α in mediating the effect of GLP-1 in endothelial cells. Ex vivo exendin 4 treatment also improved endothelial function of renal arteries from hypertensive patients. Our results elucidate that upregulation of GLP-1 and related agents improve endothelial function in hypertension by restoring NO bioavailability, suggesting that GLP-1 signaling could be a therapeutic target in hypertension-related vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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46
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Pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune response in zebrafish. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:159807. [PMID: 22811714 PMCID: PMC3395205 DOI: 10.1155/2012/159807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has proven itself as an excellent model to study vertebrate innate immunity. It presents us with possibilities for in vivo imaging of host-pathogen interactions which are unparalleled in mammalian model systems. In addition, its suitability for genetic approaches is providing new insights on the mechanisms underlying the innate immune response. Here, we review the pattern recognition receptors that identify invading microbes, as well as the innate immune effector mechanisms that they activate in zebrafish embryos. We compare the current knowledge about these processes in mammalian models and zebrafish and discuss recent studies using zebrafish infection models that have advanced our general understanding of the innate immune system. Furthermore, we use transcriptome analysis of zebrafish infected with E. tarda, S. typhimurium, and M. marinum to visualize the gene expression profiles resulting from these infections. Our data illustrate that the two acute disease-causing pathogens, E. tarda and S. typhimurium, elicit a highly similar proinflammatory gene induction profile, while the chronic disease-causing pathogen, M. marinum, induces a weaker and delayed innate immune response.
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Oehlers SH, Flores MV, Hall CJ, Crosier KE, Crosier PS. Retinoic acid suppresses intestinal mucus production and exacerbates experimental enterocolitis. Dis Model Mech 2012; 5:457-67. [PMID: 22563081 PMCID: PMC3380709 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to retinoids for the treatment of acne has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intestinal mucus layer is an important structural barrier that is disrupted in IBD. Retinoid-induced alteration of mucus physiology has been postulated as a mechanism linking retinoid treatment to IBD; however, there is little direct evidence for this interaction. The zebrafish larva is an emerging model system for investigating the pathogenesis of IBD. Importantly, this system allows components of the innate immune system, including mucus physiology, to be studied in isolation from the adaptive immune system. This study reports the characterization of a novel zebrafish larval model of IBD-like enterocolitis induced by exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The DSS-induced enterocolitis model was found to recapitulate several aspects of the zebrafish trinitrobenzene-sulfonic-acid (TNBS)-induced enterocolitis model, including neutrophilic inflammation that was microbiota-dependent and responsive to pharmacological intervention. Furthermore, the DSS-induced enterocolitis model was found to be a tractable model of stress-induced mucus production and was subsequently used to identify a role for retinoic acid (RA) in suppressing both physiological and pathological intestinal mucin production. Suppression of mucin production by RA increased the susceptibility of zebrafish larvae to enterocolitis when challenged with enterocolitic agents. This study illustrates a direct effect of retinoid administration on intestinal mucus physiology and, subsequently, on the progression of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H Oehlers
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Hall C, Flores M, Oehlers S, Sanderson L, Lam E, Crosier K, Crosier P. Infection-Responsive Expansion of the Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Compartment in Zebrafish Is Dependent upon Inducible Nitric Oxide. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Analytical method for determination of nitric oxide in zebrafish larvae: Toxicological and pharmacological applications. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:534-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Novoa B, Figueras A. Zebrafish: model for the study of inflammation and the innate immune response to infectious diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 946:253-75. [PMID: 21948373 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0106-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used in biomedical research as a model to study vertebrate development and hematopoiesis and recently, it has been adopted into varied fields including immunology. After fertilization, larvae survive with only the innate immune responses because adaptive immune system is morphologically and functionally mature only after 4-6 weeks postfertilization. This temporal separation provides a suitable system to study the vertebrate innate immune response in vivo, independently from the adaptive immune response. The transparency of early life stages allows a useful real-time visualization. Adult zebrafish which have complete (innate and adaptative) immune systems offer also advantages over other vertebrate infection models: small size, relatively rapid life cycle, ease of breeding, and a growing list of molecular tools for the study of infectious diseases. In this review, we have tried to give some examples of the potential of zebrafish as a valuable model in innate immunity and inflammation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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