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Rashan EH, Bartlett AK, Khana DB, Zhang J, Jain R, Smith AJ, Baker ZN, Cook T, Caldwell A, Chevalier AR, Pfleger BF, Yuan P, Amador-Noguez D, Simcox JA, Pagliarini DJ. ACAD10 and ACAD11 enable mammalian 4-hydroxy acid lipid catabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574893. [PMID: 38260250 PMCID: PMC10802472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is a central catabolic pathway with broad implications for organismal health. However, various fatty acids are largely incompatible with standard FAO machinery until they are modified by other enzymes. Included among these are the 4-hydroxy acids (4-HAs)-fatty acids hydroxylated at the 4 (γ) position-which can be provided from dietary intake, lipid peroxidation, and certain drugs of abuse. Here, we reveal that two atypical and poorly characterized acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs), ACAD10 and ACAD11, drive 4-HA catabolism in mice. Unlike other ACADs, ACAD10 and ACAD11 feature kinase domains N-terminal to their ACAD domains that phosphorylate the 4-OH position as a requisite step in the conversion of 4-hydroxyacyl-CoAs into 2-enoyl-CoAs-conventional FAO intermediates. Our ACAD11 cryo-EM structure and molecular modeling reveal a unique binding pocket capable of accommodating this phosphorylated intermediate. We further show that ACAD10 is mitochondrial and necessary for catabolizing shorter-chain 4-HAs, whereas ACAD11 is peroxisomal and enables longer-chain 4-HA catabolism. Mice lacking ACAD11 accumulate 4-HAs in their plasma while comparable 3- and 5-hydroxy acids remain unchanged. Collectively, this work defines ACAD10 and ACAD11 as the primary gatekeepers of mammalian 4-HA catabolism and sets the stage for broader investigations into the ramifications of aberrant 4-HA metabolism in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edrees H. Rashan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Abigail K. Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Daven B. Khana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Zakery N. Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alana Caldwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Autumn R. Chevalier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brian F. Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Judith A. Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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2
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Sahadevan R, Singh S, Binoy A, Sadhukhan S. Chemico-biological aspects of (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG) to improve its stability, bioavailability and membrane permeability: Current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10382-10411. [PMID: 35491671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2068500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been a bedrock for drug discovery for decades. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the widely studied natural polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea. It is the key component believed to be responsible for the medicinal value of green tea. Significant studies implemented in in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo models have suggested its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective activities etc. Despite having such a wide array of therapeutic potential and promising results in preclinical studies, its applicability to humans has encountered with rather limited success largely due to the poor bioavailability, poor membrane permeability, rapid metabolic clearance and lack of stability of EGCG. Therefore, novel techniques are warranted to address those limitations so that EGCG or its modified analogs can be used in the clinical setup. This review comprehensively covers different strategies such as structural modifications, nano-carriers as efficient drug delivery systems, synergistic studies with other bioactivities to improve the chemico-biological aspects (e.g., stability, bioavailability, permeability, etc.) of EGCG for its enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties, eventually enhancing its therapeutic potentials. We think this review article will serve as a strong platform with comprehensive literature on the development of novel techniques to improve the bioavailability of EGCG so that it can be translated to the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
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3
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Berndt N, Eckstein J, Wallach I, Nordmeyer S, Kelm M, Kirchner M, Goubergrits L, Schafstedde M, Hennemuth A, Kraus M, Grune T, Mertins P, Kuehne T, Holzhütter HG. CARDIOKIN1: Computational Assessment of Myocardial Metabolic Capability in Healthy Controls and Patients With Valve Diseases. Circulation 2021; 144:1926-1939. [PMID: 34762513 PMCID: PMC8663543 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Many heart diseases can result in reduced pumping capacity of the heart muscle. A mismatch between ATP demand and ATP production of cardiomyocytes is one of the possible causes. Assessment of the relation between myocardial ATP production (MVATP) and cardiac workload is important for better understanding disease development and choice of nutritional or pharmacologic treatment strategies. Because there is no method for measuring MVATP in vivo, the use of physiology-based metabolic models in conjunction with protein abundance data is an attractive approach. METHOD: We developed a comprehensive kinetic model of cardiac energy metabolism (CARDIOKIN1) that recapitulates numerous experimental findings on cardiac metabolism obtained with isolated cardiomyocytes, perfused animal hearts, and in vivo studies with humans. We used the model to assess the energy status of the left ventricle of healthy participants and patients with aortic stenosis and mitral valve insufficiency. Maximal enzyme activities were individually scaled by means of protein abundances in left ventricle tissue samples. The energy status of the left ventricle was quantified by the ATP consumption at rest (MVATP[rest]), at maximal workload (MVATP[max]), and by the myocardial ATP production reserve, representing the span between MVATP(rest) and MVATP(max). Results: Compared with controls, in both groups of patients, MVATP(rest) was increased and MVATP(max) was decreased, resulting in a decreased myocardial ATP production reserve, although all patients had preserved ejection fraction. The variance of the energetic status was high, ranging from decreased to normal values. In both patient groups, the energetic status was tightly associated with mechanic energy demand. A decrease of MVATP(max) was associated with a decrease of the cardiac output, indicating that cardiac functionality and energetic performance of the ventricle are closely coupled. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the ATP-producing capacity of the left ventricle of patients with valvular dysfunction is generally diminished and correlates positively with mechanical energy demand and cardiac output. However, large differences exist in the energetic state of the myocardium even in patients with similar clinical or image-based markers of hypertrophy and pump function. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT03172338 and NCT04068740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Berndt
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Eckstein
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Wallach
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Nordmeyer
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Kelm
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid Goubergrits
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Schafstedde
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Hennemuth
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milena Kraus
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Titus Kuehne
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Eskandari R, Hess JP, Tochtrop GP. Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated epoxy ketones utilizing a bifunctional sulfonium/phosphonium ylide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7136-7139. [PMID: 34180477 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new protocol for rapid synthesis of α,β-unsaturated epoxy ketones utilizing a bifunctional sulfonium/phosphonium ylide is described. This approach comprises two sequential chemoselective reactions between sulfonium and phosphonium ylides and two distinct aldehydes, which allows for the rapid construction of a variety of unsymmetric α,β-unsaturated epoxy ketones. This methodology allows the rapid construction of the core reactive functionality of a family of lipid peroxidation products, the epoxyketooctadecenoic acids, but can be further broadly utilized as a useful synthon for the synthesis of natural products, particularly those derived from oxidized fatty acids. Accordingly, a protocol utilizing this approach to synthesize the epoxyketooctadecenoic acid family of molecules is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jeremy P Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Gregory P Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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5
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Walejko JM, Christopher BA, Crown SB, Zhang GF, Pickar-Oliver A, Yoneshiro T, Foster MW, Page S, van Vliet S, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Carson MW, Brozinick JT, Hammond CD, Gimeno RE, Moseley MA, Kajimura S, Gersbach CA, Newgard CB, White PJ, McGarrah RW. Branched-chain α-ketoacids are preferentially reaminated and activate protein synthesis in the heart. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1680. [PMID: 33723250 PMCID: PMC7960706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their cognate α-ketoacids (BCKA) are elevated in an array of cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that the major metabolic fate of uniformly-13C-labeled α-ketoisovalerate ([U-13C]KIV) in the heart is reamination to valine. Activation of cardiac branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) by treatment with the BCKDH kinase inhibitor, BT2, does not impede the strong flux of [U-13C]KIV to valine. Sequestration of BCAA and BCKA away from mitochondrial oxidation is likely due to low levels of expression of the mitochondrial BCAA transporter SLC25A44 in the heart, as its overexpression significantly lowers accumulation of [13C]-labeled valine from [U-13C]KIV. Finally, exposure of perfused hearts to levels of BCKA found in obese rats increases phosphorylation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 as well as multiple proteins in the MEK-ERK pathway, leading to a doubling of total protein synthesis. These data suggest that elevated BCKA levels found in obesity may contribute to pathologic cardiac hypertrophy via chronic activation of protein synthesis. Systemic modulation of branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) metabolism alters cardiac health. Here, the authors define the major fates of BCKA in the heart and demonstrate that acute exposure to BCKA levels found in obesity activates cardiac protein synthesis and markedly alters the heart phosphoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bridgette A Christopher
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adrian Pickar-Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew W Foster
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephani Page
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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6
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McGarrah RW, Zhang GF, Christopher BA, Deleye Y, Walejko JM, Page S, Ilkayeva O, White PJ, Newgard CB. Dietary branched-chain amino acid restriction alters fuel selection and reduces triglyceride stores in hearts of Zucker fatty rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E216-E223. [PMID: 31794262 PMCID: PMC7052576 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00334.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with a variety of cardiometabolic diseases and conditions. Restriction of dietary BCAAs in rodent models of obesity lowers circulating BCAA levels and improves whole-animal and skeletal-muscle insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis, but the impact of BCAA supply on heart metabolism has not been studied. Here, we report that feeding a BCAA-restricted chow diet to Zucker fatty rats (ZFRs) causes a shift in cardiac fuel metabolism that favors fatty acid relative to glucose catabolism. This is illustrated by an increase in labeling of acetyl-CoA from [1-13C]palmitate and a decrease in labeling of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA from [U-13C]glucose, accompanied by a decrease in cardiac hexokinase II and glucose transporter 4 protein levels. Metabolomic profiling of heart tissue supports these findings by demonstrating an increase in levels of a host of fatty-acid-derived metabolites in hearts from ZFRs and Zucker lean rats (ZLRs) fed the BCAA-restricted diet. In addition, the twofold increase in cardiac triglyceride stores in ZFRs compared with ZLRs fed on chow diet is eliminated in ZFRs fed on the BCAA-restricted diet. Finally, the enzymatic activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) is not influenced by BCAA restriction, and levels of BCAA in the heart instead reflect their levels in circulation. In summary, reducing BCAA supply in obesity improves cardiac metabolic health by a mechanism independent of alterations in BCKDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bridgette A Christopher
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yann Deleye
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephani Page
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Phillip J White
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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7
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Wang Y, Christopher BA, Wilson KA, Muoio D, McGarrah RW, Brunengraber H, Zhang GF. Propionate-induced changes in cardiac metabolism, notably CoA trapping, are not altered by l-carnitine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E622-E633. [PMID: 30016154 PMCID: PMC6230704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00081.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of propionate and its metabolites are found in several diseases that are often associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction, such as obesity, diabetes, propionic acidemia, and methylmalonic acidemia. In the present work, we employed a stable isotope-based metabolic flux approach to understand propionate-mediated perturbation of cardiac energy metabolism. Propionate led to accumulation of propionyl-CoA (increased by ~101-fold) and methylmalonyl-CoA (increased by 36-fold). This accumulation caused significant mitochondrial CoA trapping and inhibited fatty acid oxidation. The reduced energy contribution from fatty acid oxidation was associated with increased glucose oxidation. The enhanced anaplerosis of propionate and CoA trapping altered the pool sizes of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites. In addition to being an anaplerotic substrate, the accumulation of proprionate-derived malate increased the recycling of malate to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, which can enter the TCA for energy production. Supplementation of 3 mM l-carnitine did not relieve CoA trapping and did not reverse the propionate-mediated fuel switch. This is due to new findings that the heart appears to lack the specific enzyme catalyzing the conversion of short-chain (C3 and C4) dicarboxylyl-CoAs to dicarboxylylcarnitines. The discovery of this work warrants further investigation on the relevance of dicarboxylylcarnitines, especially C3 and C4 dicarboxylylcarnitines, in cardiac conditions such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bridgette A Christopher
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kirkland A Wilson
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Yang D, Jiang H, Lu J, Lv Y, Baiyun R, Li S, Liu B, Lv Z, Zhang Z. Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin extract regulates metabolic disturbance in rat liver exposed to lead associated with PPARα signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:377-387. [PMID: 29502000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead, a pervasive environmental hazard worldwide, causes a wide range of physiological and biochemical destruction, including metabolic dysfunction. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a natural production with potential metabolic regulation in liver. This study was performed to investigate the protective role of GSPE against lead-induced metabolic dysfunction in liver and elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of this event. Wistar rats received GSPE (200 mg/kg) daily with or without lead acetate (PbA, 0.5 g/L) exposure for 56 d. According to biochemical and histopathologic analysis, GSPE attenuated lead-induced metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and liver dysfunction. Liver gene expression profiling was assessed by RNA sequencing and validated by qRT-PCR. Expression of some genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling pathway was significantly suppressed in PbA group and revived in PbA + GSPE group, which was manifested by Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and validated by western blot analysis. This study supports that dietary GSPE ameliorates lead-induced fatty acids metabolic disturbance in rat liver associated with PPARα signaling pathway, and suggests that dietary GSPE may be a protector against lead-induced metabolic dysfunction and liver injury, providing a novel therapy to protect liver against lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruiqi Baiyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Biying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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9
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Mol M, Regazzoni L, Altomare A, Degani G, Carini M, Vistoli G, Aldini G. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal: Methodological aspects and biological consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:328-344. [PMID: 28161307 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), an electrophilic end-product deriving from lipid peroxidation, undergoes a heterogeneous set of biotransformations including enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. The former mostly involve red-ox reactions on the HNE oxygenated functions (phase I metabolism) and GSH conjugations (phase II) while the latter are due to the HNE capacity to spontaneously condense with nucleophilic sites within endogenous molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids. The overall metabolic fate of HNE has recently attracted great interest not only because it clearly determines the HNE disposal, but especially because the generated metabolites and adducts are not inactive molecules (as initially believed) but show biological activities even more pronounced than those of the parent compound as exemplified by potent pro-inflammatory stimulus induced by GSH conjugates. Similarly, several studies revealed that the non-enzymatic reactions, initially considered as damaging processes randomly involving all endogenous nucleophilic reactants, are in fact quite selective in terms of both reactivity of the nucleophilic sites and stability of the generated adducts. Even though many formed adducts retain the expected toxic consequences, some adducts exhibit well-defined beneficial roles as documented by the protective effects of sublethal concentrations of HNE against toxic concentrations of HNE. Clearly, future investigations are required to gain a more detailed understanding of the metabolic fate of HNE as well as to identify novel targets involved in the biological activity of the HNE metabolites. These studies are and will be permitted by the continuous progress in the analytical methods for the identification and quantitation of novel HNE metabolites as well as for proteomic analyses able to offer a comprehensive picture of the HNE-induced adducted targets. On these grounds, the present review will focus on the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic HNE biotransformations discussing both the molecular mechanisms involved and the biological effects elicited. The review will also describe the most important analytical enhancements that have permitted the here discussed advancements in our understanding of the HNE metabolic fate and which will permit in a near future an even better knowledge of this enigmatic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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10
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Castro JP, Jung T, Grune T, Siems W. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) modified proteins in metabolic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:309-315. [PMID: 27815191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is one of the quantitatively most important products of lipid peroxidation. Due to its high toxicity it is quickly metabolized, however, a small share of HNE avoids enzymatic detoxification and reacts with biomolecules including proteins. The formation of HNE-protein-adducts is one of the accompanying processes in oxidative stress or redox disbalance. The modification of proteins might occur at several amino acids side chains, leading to a variety of products and having effects on the protein function and fate. This review summarizes current knowledge on the formation of HNE-modified proteins, their fate in mammalian cells and their potential role as a damaging agents during oxidative stress. Furthermore, the potential of HNE-modified proteins as biomarkers for several diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), Aging and Stress Group, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster for Nutritional Sciences Berlin-Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Werner Siems
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Gerontology of Kortexmed, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany; University of Salzburg, Institute of Biology, Department of Cellular Physiology, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Guéraud F. 4-Hydroxynonenal metabolites and adducts in pre-carcinogenic conditions and cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:196-208. [PMID: 28065782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is an amazing reactive compound, originating from lipid peroxidation within cells but also in food and considered as a "second messenger" of oxidative stress. Due to its chemical features, HNE is able to make covalent links with DNA, proteins and lipids. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive summary of the chemical properties of HNE and of the consequences of its reactivity in relation to cancer development. The formation of exocyclic etheno-and propano-adducts and genotoxic effects are addressed. The adduction to cellular proteins and the repercussions on the regulation of cell signaling pathways involved in cancer development are reviewed, notably on the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. The metabolic pathways leading to the inactivation/elimination or, on the contrary, to the bioactivation of HNE are considered. A special focus is given on the link between HNE and colorectal cancer development, due to its occurrence in foodstuffs and in the digestive lumen, during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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12
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LoPachin RM, Geohagen BC, Nordstrøm LU, Gavin T. Enolate-Forming Compounds as a Novel Approach to Cytoprotection. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2096-2107. [PMID: 27989140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from laboratory studies and clinical trials suggests that plant-derived polyphenolic compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, or phloretin might be useful in the treatment of certain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and acute tissue injury states (e.g., spinal cord trauma). However, despite this potential, the corresponding chemical instability, toxic potential, and low bioavailability of these compounds could limit their ultimate clinical relevance. We have shown that pharmacophores of curcumin (e.g., 2-acetylcyclopentanone) and phloretin (e.g., 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone; THA) can provide cytoprotection in cell culture and animal models of oxidative stress injury. These pharmacophores are 1,3-dicarbonyl and polyphenol derivatives, the enol groups of which can ionize in biological solutions to form an enolate. This carbanionic moiety can chelate metal ions and, as a nucleophile, can scavenge toxic electrophiles (e.g., acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) involved in many pathogenic conditions. Aromatic derivatives such as THA can also trap free oxygen and nitrogen radicals and thereby provide another layer of cytoprotection. The multifunctional character of these enolate-forming compounds suggests an ability to block pathogenic processes (e.g., oxidative stress) at several steps. The purpose of this review is to discuss research supporting our theory that enolate formation is a significant cytoprotective property that represents a platform for development of pharmacotherapeutic approaches to a variety of toxic and pathogenic conditions. Our discussion will focus on mechanism and structure-activity studies that define enolate chemistry and their corresponding relationships to cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Brian C Geohagen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Lars Ulrik Nordstrøm
- Chemical Synthesis & Biology Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Terrence Gavin
- Department of Chemistry, Iona College , New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
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13
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Schaur RJ, Siems W, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal-A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2247-337. [PMID: 26437435 PMCID: PMC4693237 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J Schaur
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 33a, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Werner Siems
- Institute for Medical Education, KortexMed GmbH, Hindenburgring 12a, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter M Eckl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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14
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Katunga LA, Gudimella P, Efird JT, Abernathy S, Mattox TA, Beatty C, Darden TM, Thayne KA, Alwair H, Kypson AP, Virag JA, Anderson EJ. Obesity in a model of gpx4 haploinsufficiency uncovers a causal role for lipid-derived aldehydes in human metabolic disease and cardiomyopathy. Mol Metab 2015; 4:493-506. [PMID: 26042203 PMCID: PMC4443294 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipid peroxides and their reactive aldehyde derivatives (LPPs) have been linked to obesity-related pathologies, but whether they have a causal role has remained unclear. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is a selenoenzyme that selectively neutralizes lipid hydroperoxides, and human gpx4 gene variants have been associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease in epidemiological studies. This study tested the hypothesis that LPPs underlie cardio-metabolic derangements in obesity using a high fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet in gpx4 haploinsufficient mice (GPx4(+/-)) and in samples of human myocardium. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and GPx4(+/-) mice were fed either a standard chow (CNTL) or HFHS diet for 24 weeks, with metabolic and cardiovascular parameters measured throughout. Biochemical and immuno-histological analysis was performed in heart and liver at termination of study, and mitochondrial function was analyzed in heart. Biochemical analysis was also performed on samples of human atrial myocardium from a cohort of 103 patients undergoing elective heart surgery. RESULTS Following HFHS diet, WT mice displayed moderate increases in 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-adducts and carbonyl stress, and a 1.5-fold increase in GPx4 enzyme in both liver and heart, while gpx4 haploinsufficient (GPx4(+/-)) mice had marked carbonyl stress in these organs accompanied by exacerbated glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis. Although normotensive, cardiac hypertrophy was evident with obesity, and cardiac fibrosis more pronounced in obese GPx4(+/-) mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction manifesting as decreased fat oxidation capacity and increased reactive oxygen species was also present in obese GPx4(+/-) but not WT hearts, along with up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. Patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia exhibited significantly less GPx4 enzyme and greater HNE-adducts in their hearts, compared with age-matched non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest LPPs are key factors underlying cardio-metabolic derangements that occur with obesity and that GPx4 serves a critical role as an adaptive countermeasure.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- BMI, body mass index
- CNTL, control
- Coll1a1, collagen, type I, alpha
- Coll4a1, collagen, type IV, alpha 1
- EF, ejection fraction
- FS, fractional shortening
- GPx4, glutathione peroxidase 4
- Glutathione peroxidase 4
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFHS, high fat, high sucrose
- Human heart
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- LPPs, lipid peroxidation end products
- Lipid peroxidation
- Mitochondria
- Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
- Obesity
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1
- TGF-β2, transforming growth factor beta 2
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- WT, wild type
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- β-MHC, β myosin heavy chain
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalage A. Katunga
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Preeti Gudimella
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- East Carolina Heart Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Scott Abernathy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Taylor A. Mattox
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Cherese Beatty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Timothy M. Darden
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Thayne
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Hazaim Alwair
- East Carolina Heart Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Alan P. Kypson
- East Carolina Heart Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Jitka A. Virag
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ethan J. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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15
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Jin Z, Berthiaume JM, Li Q, Henry F, Huang Z, Sadhukhan S, Gao P, Tochtrop GP, Puchowicz MA, Zhang GF. Catabolism of (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal via ω- and ω-1-oxidation stimulated by ketogenic diet. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32327-32338. [PMID: 25274632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggers the peroxidation of ω-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids to reactive lipid fragments, including (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). We previously reported two parallel catabolic pathways of HNE. In this study, we report a novel metabolite that accumulates in rat liver perfused with HNE or 4-hydroxynonanoic acid (HNA), identified as 3-(5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl)propanoyl-CoA. In experiments using a combination of isotopic analysis and metabolomics studies, three catabolic pathways of HNE were delineated following HNE conversion to HNA. (i) HNA is ω-hydroxylated to 4,9-dihydroxynonanoic acid, which is subsequently oxidized to 4-hydroxynonanedioic acid. This is followed by the degradation of 4-hydroxynonanedioic acid via β-oxidation originating from C-9 of HNA breaking down to 4-hydroxynonanedioyl-CoA, 4-hydroxyheptanedioyl-CoA, or its lactone, 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA, and 2-ketoglutaric acid entering the citric acid cycle. (ii) ω-1-hydroxylation of HNA leads to 4,8-dihydroxynonanoic acid (4,8-DHNA), which is subsequently catabolized via two parallel pathways we previously reported. In catabolic pathway A, 4,8-DHNA is catabolized to 4-phospho-8-hydroxynonanoyl-CoA, 3,8-dihydroxynonanoyl-CoA, 6-hydroxyheptanoyl-CoA, 4-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA. (iii) The catabolic pathway B of 4,8-DHNA leads to 2,6-dihydroxyheptanoyl-CoA, 5-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HNE can be catabolically disposed via ω- and ω-1-oxidation in rat liver and kidney, with little activity in brain and heart. Dietary experiments showed that ω- and ω-1-hydroxylation of HNA in rat liver were dramatically up-regulated by a ketogenic diet, which lowered HNE basal level. HET0016 inhibition and mRNA expression level suggested that the cytochrome P450 4A are main enzymes responsible for the NADPH-dependent ω- and ω-1-hydroxylation of HNA/HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qingling Li
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Fabrice Henry
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Zhong Huang
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Departments of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Peng Gao
- Departments of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Gregory P Tochtrop
- Departments of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Departments of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
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16
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4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) induces neuronal SH-SY5Y cell death via hampering ATP binding at kinase domain of Akt1. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:243-58. [PMID: 24825450 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition mechanism(s) of protein kinase B/Akt1 and its consequences on related cell signaling were investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), one of the most reactive aldehyde by-products of lipid peroxidation. In silico data indicate that 4-HNE interacts with kinase domain of Akt1 with the total docking score of 6.0577 and also forms H-bond to Glu234 residue similar to highly potent Akt1 inhibitor imidazopiperidine analog 8b, in which the protonated imidazole nitrogen involves in two hydrogen bonds between Glu234 and Asp292. The strong hydrogen bonding with Glu234 and hydrophobic interactions with several residues, namely Leu156, Gly157, Val164, Ala177, Tyr229, Ala230, Met281 and Thr291, at the vicinity which is normally occupied by the ribose of ATP, appear to be the main causes of Akt1 inhibition and lead to the significant conformational change on this region of protein. Results of mutational docking prove that Glu234 plays a major role in 4-HNE-mediated Akt1 inhibition. In silico data on Akt inhibition were further validated by observing the down-regulated levels of phosphorylated (Thr308/Ser493) Akt1 as well as the altered levels of the downstream targets of pAkt, namely downregulated levels of pGSK3β (Ser9), β-catenin, Bcl2 and upregulated levels of pro-apoptotic markers, namely Bad, Bax, P(53) and caspase-9/3. The cellular fate of such pAkt inhibition was evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species, degraded nuclei, transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive cells and upregulated levels of pJNK1/2. We identified that 4-HNE-mediated Akt1 inhibition was due to the competitive inhibition of ATP by 4-HNE at the kinase domain of ATP binding sites.
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17
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Sadhukhan S, Han Y, Jin Z, Tochtrop GP, Zhang GF. Glutathionylated 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenal enantiomers in rat organs and their contributions toward the disposal of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal in rat liver. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:78-85. [PMID: 24556413 PMCID: PMC4040968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The major route for elimination of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (4-HNE) has long been considered to be through glutathionylation and eventual excretion as a mercapturic acid conjugate. To better quantitate the glutathionylation process, we developed a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the detection of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenal enantiomers having a carbon skeleton of C5 to C12. The newly developed method enabled us to quantify 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenal-glutathione diastereomers in various organs, i.e., liver, heart, and brain. We identified the addition of iodoacetic acid as a critical step during sample preparation to avoid an overestimation of glutathione-alkenal conjugation. Specifically, we found that in the absence of a quenching step reduced GSH and 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-alkenals react very rapidly during the extraction and concentration steps of sample preparation. Rat liver perfused with d11-4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (d11-4-HNE) revealed enantioselective conjugation with GSH and transportation out of the liver. In the d11-4-HNE-perfused rat livers, the amount of d11-(S)-4-HNE-GSH released from the rat liver was higher than that of d11-(R)-4-HNE-GSH, and more d11-(R)-4-HNE-GSH than d11-(S)-4-HNE-GSH remained in the perfused liver tissues. Overall, the glutathionylation pathway was found to account for only 8.7% of the disposition of 4-HNE, whereas catabolism to acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and formate represented the major detoxification pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gregory P Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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