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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Investigating the temporal link between PM 2.5 exposure and acceleration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Emphasizing the hazardous presence of metals in inhaled air. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124113. [PMID: 38734051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to PM2.5 is widely acknowledged to induce cardiotoxic effects, leading to decreased myocardial tolerance to revascularization procedures and subsequent ischemia reperfusion injury (IR). However, the temporal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and vulnerability to IR, along with the underlying mechanisms, remains unclear and is the focus of this study. Female Wistar rats were exposed to PM2.5 at a concentration of 250 μg/m³ for 3 h daily over varying durations (7, 14, and 21 days), followed by IR induction. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac injury, as evidenced by increased infarct size and elevated cardiac injury markers, starting from day 14 of PM2.5 exposure, accompanied by declined cardiac function. These adverse effects were associated with apoptosis and impaired mitochondrial function, including reduced bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA copy number and quality control mechanisms, along with inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/AMPK signalling pathways. Furthermore, analysis of myocardial tissue revealed elevated metal accumulation, particularly within mitochondria. Chelation of PM2.5 -associated metals using EDTA significantly mitigated the toxic effects on cardiac IR pathology, as confirmed in both rat myocardium and H9c2 cells. These findings suggest that metals in PM2.5 play a crucial role in inducing cardiotoxicity, impairing myocardial resilience to stress through mitochondrial accumulation and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rossi KA, Almenara CCP, Simões RP, Mulher LCCS, Krause M, Carneiro MTWD, Padilha AS. Short-term Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2645-2656. [PMID: 37697136 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium exposure is known to be associated with vascular changes and increased blood pressure, but its short-term effects on the cardiovascular system remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the pressoric and vascular effects of a 7-day exposure to CdCl2 in Wistar rats. The rats were divided in control group (Ct), which received tap water, and the Cd group, which received a 100 mg/L CdCl2 solution via drinking water for 7 days. We analyzed body weight, plasma Cadmium concentration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and vascular responses. Despite relatively low plasma Cadmium concentration, the Cd group exhibited elevated SBP and increased contractile response to phenylephrine. Endothelium removal and NOS inhibition increased contractions in both groups. In the Cd group's aorta, we observed enhanced levels of phospho-eNOS (Ser1177) and basal NO release. Cd group showed reduced Catalase expression and increased basal release of H2O2, with catalase reducing the contractile response. In arteries pre-contracted with phenylephrine, Cd group showed impaired endothelium-dependent (Acetylcholine) and independent (sodium nitroprussiate-SNP) relaxation responses. However, responses to SNP were similar after pre-contraction with KCl in both groups. These data suggest early effects of Cadmium on blood pressure and aortic function, indicating impaired H2O2-scavenging by catalase. Increased H2O2 due to Cadmium exposure might explain heightened responses to phenylephrine and weakened relaxation responses mediated by the NO-K+-channels pathway. Our findings shed light on Cadmium's short-term impact on the cardiovascular system, providing insights into potential mechanisms underlying its effects on blood pressure regulation and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Alves Rossi
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Rakel Passos Simões
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, MaruípeVitoria, ES, 146829043-900, Brazil.
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Pandics T, Major D, Fazekas-Pongor V, Szarvas Z, Peterfi A, Mukli P, Gulej R, Ungvari A, Fekete M, Tompa A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S, Csiszar A, Tabak AG, Benyo Z, Adany R, Ungvari Z. Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures. GeroScience 2023; 45:3381-3408. [PMID: 37688657 PMCID: PMC10643494 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies. This comprehensive review paper delves into the impact of the exposome, which encompasses the totality of environmental exposures, on unhealthy aging. It explores how environmental factors contribute to the acceleration of aging processes, increase biological age, and facilitate the development and progression of a wide range of age-associated diseases. The impact of environmental factors on cognitive health and the development of chronic age-related diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and central nervous system is discussed, with a specific focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, small vessel disease, and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Aging is a major risk factor for these diseases. Their pathogenesis involves cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging such as increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, DNA damage, and inflammation and is influenced by environmental factors. Environmental toxicants, including ambient particulate matter, pesticides, heavy metals, and organic solvents, have been identified as significant contributors to cardiovascular and brain aging disorders. These toxicants can inflict both macro- and microvascular damage and many of them can also cross the blood-brain barrier, inducing neurotoxic effects, neuroinflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. In conclusion, environmental factors play a critical role in modulating cardiovascular and brain aging. A deeper understanding of how environmental toxicants exacerbate aging processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, VCI, and dementia is crucial for the development of preventive strategies and interventions to promote cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and brain health. By mitigating exposure to harmful environmental factors and promoting healthy aging, we can strive to reduce the burden of age-related cardiovascular and brain pathologies in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pandics
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Siences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Szarvas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Peterfi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Tompa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shannon Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, H-1052, Hungary
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Sepulchro Mulher LCC, Simões RP, Rossi KA, Schereider IRG, Silva Nascimento CLD, Ávila RA, Padilha AS. In vitro cadmium exposure induces structural damage and endothelial dysfunction in female rat aorta. Biometals 2023; 36:1405-1420. [PMID: 37651061 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that is widespread in the environment and has been described as a metalloestrogen and a cardiovascular risk factor. Experimental studies conducted in male animals have shown that cadmium exposure induces vascular dysfunction, which could lead to vasculopathies caused by this metal. However, it is necessary to investigate the vascular effects of cadmium in female rats to understand its potential sex-dependent impact on the cardiovascular system. While its effects on male rats have been studied, cadmium may act differently in females due to its potential as a metalloestrogen. In vitro studies conducted in a controlled environment allow for a direct assessment of cadmium's impact on vascular function, and the use of female rats ensures that sex-dependent effects are evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2, 5 µM) exposure on vascular reactivity in the isolated aorta of female Wistar rats. Exposure to CdCl2 damaged the architecture of the vascular endothelium. CdCl2 incubation increased the production and release of O2•-, reduced the participation of potassium (K+) channels, and increased the participation of the angiotensin II pathway in response to phenylephrine. Moreover, estrogen receptors alpha (Erα) modulated vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in the presence of cadmium, supporting the hypothesis that cadmium could act as a metalloestrogen. Our results demonstrated that in vitro cadmium exposure induces damage to endothelial architecture and an increase in oxidative stress in the isolated aorta of female rats, which could precipitate vasculopathies. Graphical Abstract. Own source from Canva and Servier Medical Art servers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Christiny Costa Sepulchro Mulher
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Rakel Passos Simões
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Alves Rossi
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Ingridy Reinholz Grafites Schereider
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Camilla Lóren da Silva Nascimento
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade Ávila
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Physiological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, CCS/UFES, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 26 Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29043-900, Brazil.
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Baj J, Bargieł J, Cabaj J, Skierkowski B, Hunek G, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Smoleń A. Trace Elements Levels in Major Depressive Disorder-Evaluation of Potential Threats and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15071. [PMID: 37894749 PMCID: PMC10606638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) includes biological, environmental, genetic, and psychological aspects. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in metallomic studies in psychiatry, aiming to evaluate the role of chosen trace elements in the MDD etiology as well as the progression of symptoms. This narrative review aims to summarize the available literature on the relationship between the concentration of chosen elements in the serum of patients with MDD and the onset and progression of this psychiatric condition. The authors reviewed PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases searching for elements that had been investigated so far and further evaluated them in this paper. Ultimately, 15 elements were evaluated, namely, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, copper, aluminium, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, calcium, manganese, chromium, nickel, and phosphorus. The association between metallomic studies and psychiatry has been developing dynamically recently. According to the results of current research, metallomics might act as a potential screening tool for patients with MDD while at the same time providing an assessment of the severity of symptoms. Either deficiencies or excessive amounts of chosen elements might be associated with the progression of depressive symptoms or even the onset of the disease among people predisposed to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Julia Bargieł
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Justyna Cabaj
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Skierkowski
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Student Research Group of Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Smoleń
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Martins AC, Ferrer B, Tinkov AA, Caito S, Deza-Ponzio R, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Association between Heavy Metals, Metalloids and Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights and Approaches. TOXICS 2023; 11:670. [PMID: 37624175 PMCID: PMC10459190 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important public health issue that affects millions of people around the world and is growing to pandemic-like proportions. This syndrome is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the etiology of MetS is multifactorial, involving many environmental factors, including toxicant exposures. Several studies have associated MetS with heavy metals exposure, which is the focus of this review. Environmental and/or occupational exposure to heavy metals are a major risk, contributing to the development of chronic diseases. Of particular note, toxic metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium may contribute to the development of MetS by altering oxidative stress, IL-6 signaling, apoptosis, altered lipoprotein metabolism, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the known and potential roles of heavy metals in MetS etiology as well as potential targeted pathways that are associated with MetS. Furthermore, we describe how new approaches involving proteomic and transcriptome analysis, as well as bioinformatic tools, may help bring about an understanding of the involvement of heavy metals and metalloids in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; (A.A.T.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Samuel Caito
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; (A.A.T.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
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Kessabi K, Abbassi A, Lahmar S, Casado M, Banni M, Piña B, Messaoudi I. Combined toxic effects of cadmium and environmental microplastics in Aphanius fasciatus (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 189:106071. [PMID: 37390514 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in diameter, have received extensive attention as new environmental pollutants with still unexplored potential ecological risks. The main objective of the present study is to see if the concomitant exposure to MPs and Cd is more toxic than that to MPs or Cd separately in Aphanius fasciatus. Immature female were exposed to Cd and/or MPs for 21 days, and the subsequent effects were monitored by a combination of biochemical, histological and molecular toxicity markers. Exposure to Cd, but not to MPs, increased metallothioneins content and mRNA levels of the metallothioneins gene MTA both in liver and gills. In addition, we observed a significant oxidative stress response at histological, enzymatic (Catalase and Superoxide dismutase), non-enzymatic (proteins sulfhydryl and malondialdehyde) and gene expression levels to both toxicants in both tissues, particularly in gills, but no clear evidence for interaction between the two factors. Our results indicate a major effect of MPs on gills at different organizational levels. Finally, exposure to both MPs and Cd induced spinal deformities, although bone composition was only altered by the latter, whereas MTA mRNA bone levels were only increased realtive to controls in doubly-exposed samples. Interestingly, the simultaneous use of both pollutants produced the same effects as Cd and MPs alone, probably due to reduced bioavailability of this heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Kessabi
- LR11ES41: Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Amira Abbassi
- LR11ES41: Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Samar Lahmar
- LR11ES41: Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- LR11ES41: Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
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Piagette JT, Pinheiro Júnior JEG, Kanaan SHH, Herrera CT, Bastilhos LO, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Miguel-Castro M, Wiggers GA. Pretreatment with egg white hydrolysate protects resistance arteries from damage induced after treatment with accidental cadmium exposure values. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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9
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Kwon JA, Kim B, Kim E, Kwon K. Interaction between blood cadmium and lead concentration and physical activity on hypertension from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey in 2008-2013. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:703. [PMID: 37069558 PMCID: PMC10111815 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that blood Cd, Pb exposure, and physical activity levels may influence the development of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood Cd, Pb levels, and hypertension by the level of physical activity in Korean adults using The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS We used data from the KNHANES (2008-2013), a nationally representative, cross-sectional, population-based study. We included 8,510 participants who had records of blood Cd, Pb and, blood pressure measurements. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between blood Cd and Pb exposure and the development of hypertension, as well as the modifying effects of physical activity levels. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (S). RESULTS Following covariates adjustments, we found significant associations of blood Cd and Pb with higher hypertension prevalence. This association was more apparent in low physical activity while blood Cd and Pb concentrations were not significantly associated with hypertension in participants with more activity. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between blood Cd and physical activity on hypertension risk (RERI = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.36-0.7; AP = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.28-0.52; S = 1.75, 95% CI:1.36-2.14). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that low physical activity may substantially amplify the adverse effects of blood Pb and Cd exposure on hypertension risk. However, interactions were only found for Cd. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoung A Kwon
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Kwon
- Department of Sport Science, College of Art, Cultural & Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Noise, Air, and Heavy Metal Pollution as Risk Factors for Endothelial Dysfunction. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e09. [PMID: 37377448 PMCID: PMC10291605 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, large epidemiological studies have shown that the physical environment, including noise, air pollution or heavy metals, have a considerable impact on human health. It is known that the most common cardiovascular risk factors are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation, and platelet activity are some of the most essential functions regulated by the endothelium that suffer negative effects as a consequence of environmental pollution, causing endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors in connection to endothelial function. On a mechanistic level, a significant number of studies suggest the involvement of endothelial dysfunction to fundamentally drive the adverse endothelium health effects of the different pollutants. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the negative effects on the endothelium, with a focus on air, noise, and heavy metal pollution. This in-depth review on endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of the physical environment aims to contribute to the associated research needs by evaluating current findings from human and animal studies. From a public health perspective, these findings may also help to reinforce efforts promoting the research for adequate promising biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases since endothelial function is considered a hallmark of environmental stressor health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-MainMainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR)Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-MainMainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-MainMainz, Germany
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11
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Almenara CCP, de Oliveira TF, da Silva DCF, Krause M, Carneiro MTWD, Padilha AS. Cessation Restores Blood Pressure Levels and Endothelial Function Affected by Cadmium Exposure on Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1955-1964. [PMID: 35689757 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium exposure produces high blood pressure and endothelial damage; however, it is not known whether these effects could be reversed by interrupting the exposure to the metal. Therefore, we evaluate the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular reactivity during and following chronic cadmium-exposure discontinuance. Rats received 100 mg.L-1 cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the drinking water or tap water (Ct) for 30 days and/or tap water for 30 days more. The cadmium plasma content, blood pressure and vascular reactivity of isolated aorta were evaluated. Cadmium exposure increased cadmium plasma content, SBP and aorta contractile responses to phenylephrine, all reversed after suspending exposure. Endothelial removal and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition increased phenylephrine response both on control and Cd-discontinuation models. Cd-discontinuation group presented increased CAMKII and PKA protein expression, as peNOSSer1177. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) incubation reduced contractile response on control group, and catalase incubation enhanced the response to phenylephrine in this group. Meanwhile, both SOD2 and catalase protein expression were increased in Cd-cessation rats. Our findings provide evidence that increased SBP and endothelial dysfunction induced by Cd chronic exposure are reversed by suspending the metal exposure probably due to an improvement of antioxidant enzymes and eNOS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cruz Pereira Almenara
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Oeste da Bahia, Rua da Prainha, 1326, Morada Nobre, Barreiras, BA, 47810-047, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maiara Krause
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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12
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Wu S, Li L, Ji G, Xing X, Li J, Ma A, Wei Y, Zhao D, Huang H, Ma W, Wu B, Dong M, Liu T, Chen Q. Association of multi-metals with the risk of hypertension and the interaction with obesity: A cross-sectional study in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090935. [PMID: 37006554 PMCID: PMC10063192 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEnvironmental exposure to multiple metals have been inconsistently associated with hypertension. Obesity is an important independent risk factor for hypertension, and few studies have assessed the interaction between obesity and metals in this context. We aimed to clarify their association and interaction.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 3,063 adults from 11 districts or counties, Guangdong. We measured the whole blood levels of 13 metals and used multipollutant-based statistical methods to analyze the association of metals with hypertension. The interaction between metals and obesity on hypertension was assessed on additive and multiplicative scales.ResultsFour metals (manganese, arsenic, cadmium, and lead) were significantly associated with hypertension risk, five metals (manganese, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and lead) were related to elevated SBP levels, five metals (manganese, zinc, selenium, cadmium, and lead) were associated with elevated DBP levels in single-metal model. Manganese remained significantly related to hypertension risk [odds ratio, 1.35 (1.02–1.78)] after adjusting for these four metals. Significant positive dose-response relationships between manganese, arsenic, cadmium, lead and hypertension risk were observed (P for overall < 0.001, P for non-linearity > 0.05). Compared with those in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest manganese quartile had a 2.83 mmHg (95% Cl: 0.71–4.96) (PFDR = 0.040) higher level of SBP. Individuals in the highest quartiles of zinc and lead had a 1.45 mmHg (0.10–2.81) (PFDR = 0.033) and 2.06 mmHg (0.59–3.53) (PFDR = 0.020) higher level of DBP, respectively. The negative interactions between cadmium, lead and obesity influences hypertension risk. BKMR analysis showed a significant joint effect of manganese, arsenic, cadmium and lead on hypertension when the concentrations of four metals were at or above their 55th percentile compared to their median values.ConclusionsThe combined effect of four metals (manganese, arsenic, cadmium and lead) were associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Potential interaction effects of cadmium, lead and obesity on hypertension risk may exist. Further cohort studies in larger population are needed to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvrong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Team of Environmental Health Assessment and Public Health Strategy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anping Ma
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banghua Wu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Dong
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Tao Liu
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Chen
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13
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de Oliveira TF, Rossi EM, da Costa CS, Graceli JB, Krause M, Carneiro MTWD, Almenara CCP, Padilha AS. Sex-dependent vascular effects of cadmium sub-chronic exposure on rats. Biometals 2023; 36:189-199. [PMID: 36418808 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium exposure is related to several cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. However, the toxic effect of cadmium can be dependent on the sex when examined sex in experimental models. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cadmium exposure on the cardiovascular system of male and female rodents. The experiments were carried out on both-sexes Wistar at 4 months of age, where from 3 months onwards, cadmium (CdCl2 100 mg/l in placed the drinking water for 30 days) or vehicle delivered (distilled water) was ingested. Before and after 30 days of exposure to cadmium, systolic blood pressure was regularly measured. After exposure, blood was collected to measure dosage of cadmium, in male and female, and estrogen in females. Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was studied at respective isolated aortic segments. After the period to Cd-exposure, systolic blood pressure was increased only in the male rats. Males also had higher levels of plasma cadmium than those of female rats, and exposure to the metal did not affect the amount of estrogen produced in the female rats. Increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was also observed in both the males and females that had been exposed to the metal. Moreover, exposure to the cadmium reduced the ACh relaxation and increased vascular reactivity to Phe, resulting in an imbalance between nitric oxide superoxide anion in the isolated aorta of male rats. In female rats, sub-chronic cadmium exposure did not modify the vascular reactivity to Phe and neither to the ACh. The present study revealed that the Cd exposure for 30 days induced sex-dependent cardiovascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Martineli Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Charles Santos da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maiara Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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14
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Laouali N, Benmarhnia T, Lanphear BP, Oulhote Y. Associations with Blood Lead and Urinary Cadmium Concentrations in Relation to Mortality in the US Population: A Causal Survival Analysis with G-Computation. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020133. [PMID: 36851008 PMCID: PMC9966985 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using the parametric g-formula, we estimated the 27-year risk of all-cause and specific causes of mortality under different potential interventions for blood lead (BLLs) and urinary cadmium (UCd) levels. We used data on 14,311 adults aged ≥20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through 31 Dec 31 2015. Time and cause of death were determined from the National Death Index records. We used the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models to estimate the relative and absolute risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality under different potential threshold interventions for BLLs and UCd concentrations. Median follow-up was 22.5 years. A total of 5167 (36%) participants died by the end of the study, including 1550 from cardiovascular diseases and 1135 from cancer. Increases in BLLs and creatinine-corrected UCd levels from the 5th to the 95th percentiles were associated with risk differences of 4.17% (1.54 to 8.77) and 6.22% (4.51 to 12.00) for all-cause mortality, 1.52% (0.09 to 3.74) and 1.06% (-0.57 to 3.50) for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 1.32% (-0.09 to 3.67) and 0.64% (-0.98 to 2.80) for cancer mortality, respectively. Interventions to reduce historical exposures to lead and cadmium may have prevented premature deaths, especially from cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 95616, USA
- CESP UMR1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Concentrations of Transition Metal Ions in Rat Lungs after Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Treatment with His-Leu Dipeptide. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020628. [PMID: 36677686 PMCID: PMC9862342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is deleterious to the lungs because it exposes them to many toxic substances. These include transition metal ions, such as cadmium. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of endogenous metal-binding peptides, such as His-Leu (HL), on the lung distribution of transition metals in smokers. To address this, we administered HL subcutaneously to rats exposed to tobacco smoke for six weeks, then we measured the concentrations of transition metal ions in the lungs. We found that exposure to tobacco smoke elevates the concentrations of Cd(II) and Cu(II). Administration of the HL peptide, whose elevation is a consequence of angiotensin receptor blocker anti-hypertension therapy, increases the concentration of Fe in the lungs of rats exposed to smoke. These findings suggest that smoking is a risk factor for patients receiving angiotensin receptor blockers to treat hypertension.
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16
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Balarastaghi S, Rezaee R, Hayes AW, Yarmohammadi F, Karimi G. Mechanisms of Arsenic Exposure-Induced Hypertension and Atherosclerosis: an Updated Overview. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:98-113. [PMID: 35167029 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an abundant element in the earth's crust. In the environment and within the human body, this toxic element can be found in both organic and inorganic forms. Chronic exposure to arsenic can predispose humans to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, and blackfoot disease. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species is a major player in arsenic-induced toxicity, and it can affect genes expression, inflammatory responses, and/or nitric oxide homeostasis. Exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction which is reflected by an imbalance between vascular relaxation and contraction. Arsenic has been shown to inactivate endothelial nitric oxide synthase leading to a reduction of the generation and bioavailability of nitric oxide. Ultimately, these effects increase the risk of vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. The present article reviews how arsenic exposure contributes to hypertension and atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Balarastaghi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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The Beneficial Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Vascular Tissue of the Abdominal Aorta under Repeated Intoxication with Cadmium: A Study in an In Vivo Experimental Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194080. [PMID: 36235732 PMCID: PMC9570965 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In an in vivo rat model of human exposure to cadmium (Cd; 5 and 50 mg/L, 6 months), whether the supplementation with zinc (Zn; 30 and 60 mg/L, increasing its daily intake by 79% and 151%, respectively) protects against the unfavourable impact of this xenobiotic on the vascular tissue of the abdominal aorta was investigated. The treatment with Cd led to oxidative stress and increased the concentrations of pro-inflammatory interleukin 1β (IL-1β), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and decreased the concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the vascular tissue. Cd decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and L-selectin on the endothelial cells. The administration of Zn prevented most of the Cd-induced alterations or at least weakened them (except for the expression of adhesive molecules). In conclusion, Zn supplementation may protect from the toxic impact of Cd on the blood vessels and thus exert a beneficial influence on the cardiovascular system. The increase in the intake of Zn by 79% may be sufficient to provide this protection and the effect is related to the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties of this essential element.
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18
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Duc HN, Oh H, Kim MS. The Effect of Mixture of Heavy Metals on Obesity in Individuals ≥50 Years of Age. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3554-3571. [PMID: 34686995 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the association between a mixture of heavy metals and obesity among individuals ≥50 years of age with comorbidities. Thus, we identified the associations of serum cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) with obesity using linear regression models; weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were conducted as secondary analyses. Of the 6434 subjects included in the analysis, 13.8% had obesity and 44.6% had abdominal obesity. In the logistic regression model, serum Hg was associated with obesity and abdominal obesity, and significant trends were observed for these heavy metal tertiles (p < 0.001). Serum Hg levels were also associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The WQS index was significantly associated with both obesity (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.40-1.46) and abdominal obesity (β = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.48-1.54). The qgcomp index also found a significant association between heavy metals and both obesity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12-1.63) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.60). Serum Hg was the most heavily weighed heavy metal in these models. In BKMR analysis, the overall effect of the mixture was significantly associated with obesity, BMI, and WC. Serum Hg showed positive trends and was observed as the most important factor associated with obesity, BMI, and WC. Our findings were largely robust to secondary analyses that used three novel mixture modeling approaches: WQS, qpcomp, and BKMR. Given increasing exposure to heavy metals, well-characterized cohorts of individuals aged ≥50 years are required to determine the mixed effects of heavy metals on obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Nguyen Duc
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Moraes PZ, Júnior JEGP, Martinez CS, Moro CR, da Silva GC, Rodriguez MD, Simões MR, Junior FB, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Multi-functional egg white hydrolysate prevent hypertension and vascular dysfunction induced by cadmium in rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Santamaria-Juarez C, Atonal-Flores F, Diaz A, Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Aguilar-Alonso P, Lopez-Lopez G, Brambila E, Treviño S. Aortic dysfunction by chronic cadmium exposure is linked to multiple metabolic risk factors that converge in anion superoxide production. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:748-756. [PMID: 32067514 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1726403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The chronic exposure to Cadmium (Cd) constitute an risk to develop hypertension and cardiovascular diseases associated with the increase of oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigate the role of metabolic changes produced by exposure to Cd on the endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to Cd (32.5-ppm) for 2-months. The zoometry and blood pressure were evaluated, also glucose and lipids profiles in serum and vascular reactivity evaluated in isolated aorta rings. RESULTS Rats exposed to Cd showed an increase of blood pressure and biochemical parameters similar to metabolic syndrome. Additionally, rats exposed to Cd showed a reduced relaxation in aortic rings, which was reversed after the addition of SOD and apocynin an inhibitor of NADPH. CONCLUSION The Cd-exposition induced hypertension and endothelial injury by that modifying the vascular relaxation and develop oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase, superoxide and loss nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Santamaria-Juarez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fausto Atonal-Flores
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Puebla, The Volcano, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Victor E Sarmiento-Ortega
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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21
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Khafagy ES, Abu Lila AS, Sallam NM, Sanad RAB, Ahmed MM, Ghorab MM, Alotaibi HF, Alalaiwe A, Aldawsari MF, Alshahrani SM, Alshetaili A, Almutairy BK, Al Saqr A, Gad S. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Mucoadhesive Carvedilol Nanosponge: A Promising Platform for Buccal Anti-Hypertensive Delivery. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040235. [PMID: 35448136 PMCID: PMC9028337 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol (CRV) is a non-selective third generation beta-blocker used to treat hypertension, congestive heart failure and angina pectoris. Oral administration of CRV showed poor bioavailability (25%), which might be ascribed to its extensive first-pass metabolism. Buccal delivery is known to boost drugs bioavailability. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of bilosomes-based mucoadhesive carvedilol nanosponge for enhancing the oral bioavailability of CRV. The bilosomes were prepared, optimized and characterized for particle size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency and ex-vivo permeation studies. Then, the optimized formula was incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose/hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMC/HPC) composite mixture to obtain buccal nanosponge enriched with CRV bilosomes. The optimized bilosome formula (BLS9), showing minimum vesicle size, maximum entrapment, and highest cumulative in vitro release, exhibited a spherical shape with 217.2 nm in diameter, 87.13% entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release for up to 24 h. In addition, ex-vivo drug permeation across sheep buccal mucosa revealed enhanced drug permeation with bilosomal formulations, compared to aqueous drug suspension. Consecutively, BLS9 was incorporated in a CMC/HPC gel and lyophilized for 24 h to obtain bilosomal nanosponge to enhance CRV buccal delivery. Morphological analysis of the prepared nanosponge revealed improved swelling with a porosity of 67.58%. The in vivo assessment of rats indicated that CRV-loaded nanosponge efficiently enhanced systolic/diastolic blood pressure, decreased elevated oxidative stress, improved lipid profile and exhibited a potent cardio-protective effect. Collectively, bilosomal nanosponge might represent a plausible nanovehicle for buccal delivery of CRV for effective management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.M.G.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-533-564-286
| | - Amr S. Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed Mohamed Sallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (R.A.-B.S.)
| | - Rania Abdel-Basset Sanad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (R.A.-B.S.)
| | - Mahgoub Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Drug Evaluation, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt;
| | - Mamdouh Mostafa Ghorab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.M.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Saad M. Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Bjad K. Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Al Saqr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (A.A.); (B.K.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.M.G.); (S.G.)
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Li X, Li X, Sun R, Gao M, Wang H. Cadmium exposure enhances VE‑cadherin expression in endothelial cells via suppression of ROCK signaling. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:355. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mei Gao
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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23
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Shaaban H, Issa SY, Ahmad R, Mostafa A, Refai S, Alkharraa N, Albaqshi BT, Hussien D, Alqarni AM. Investigation on the elemental profiles of lip cosmetic products: Concentrations, distribution and assessment of potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risk for consumer safety. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:779-792. [PMID: 35812155 PMCID: PMC9257854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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24
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Comparison of antagonistic effects of nanoparticle-selenium, selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite against cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity via AHR/CAR/PXR/Nrf2 pathways activation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Sears CG, Eliot M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Poulsen AH, Harrington JM, Howe CJ, James KA, Roswall N, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Meliker J, Wellenius GA. Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure: A Case-Cohort Analysis Among Never-Smokers in Denmark. Epidemiology 2022; 33:185-192. [PMID: 34860726 PMCID: PMC8810592 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest cadmium exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, including heart failure. However, prior findings may be influenced by tobacco smoking, a dominant source of cadmium exposure and risk factor for heart failure. The present study leverages up to 20 years of follow-up in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort to examine the relationship between urinary cadmium and incident heart failure among people who never smoked. METHODS Between 1993 and 1997, 19,394 never-smoking participants (ages 50-64 years) enrolled and provided a urine sample. From this sample, we randomly selected a subcohort of 600 men and 600 women and identified 958 incident heart failure cases occurring between baseline and 2015. Using a case-cohort approach, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for heart failure in Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale. RESULTS Participants had relatively low concentrations of urinary cadmium, as expected for never smokers (median = 0.20; 25th, 75th = 0.13, 0.32 μg cadmium/g creatinine). In adjusted models, we found that higher urinary cadmium was associated with a higher rate of incident heart failure overall (aHR = 1.1 per interquartile range difference [95% CI = 1.0, 1.2). In sex-stratified analyses, the association seemed restricted to men (aHR = 1.5 [95% CI = 1.2, 1.9]). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of people who never smoked tobacco, environmental cadmium was positively associated with incident heart failure, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G. Sears
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of
Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of
Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville,
Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of
Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen,
Denmark
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University,
Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - James M. Harrington
- Center for Analytical Science, Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chanelle J. Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of
Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katherine A. James
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado
Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus,
Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital,
Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen,
Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family,
Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of
Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University,
Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Hoang NHM, Jo WH, Kim MS. Environmental science and pollution research role of heavy metal concentrations and vitamin intake from food in depression: a national cross-sectional study (2009-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4574-4586. [PMID: 34414543 PMCID: PMC8376242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about associations between depression and serum heavy metal levels, dietary vitamin intakes. Thus, we sought to determine the nature of these associations and to predict risks of depression using marginal effects. A data set of 16,371 individuals aged ≥10 years that participated in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted from 2009 to 2017 (excluding 2014 and 2015) was used to obtain information on sociodemographics, family histories, lifestyles, serum heavy metal levels, food intakes, and depression. Serum cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and mercury (Hg) levels using a mercury analyzer. Daily vitamin intakes were calculated by 24-h dietary recall. The results obtained showed that females are at higher risk of depression than males. A doubling of serum Cd was associated with a 21% increase in depression (AOR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.37, p = 0.002), whereas twofold increases in daily vitamin B1, B3 and vitamin A intakes reduced the risk of depression by 17% (0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95, p = 0.005), 20% (0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.91, p = 0.001), and 8% (0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, p = 0.020), respectively. Interactions between heavy metals, vitamin intakes, and sex did not influence the risk of depression. The result shows that increased daily dietary vitamin intake might protect the public against depression. Further studies are needed to reduce the risks posed by heavy metals and to determine more comprehensively the effects of daily dietary vitamin intake on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Hong Minh Hoang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Cadmium-induced hypertension is associated with renal myosin light chain phosphatase inhibition via increased T697 phosphorylation and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase levels. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:941-954. [PMID: 33972751 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd2+) is implicated in hypertension, but potassium supplementation reportedly mitigates hypertension. This study aims to elucidate the hypertensive mechanism of Cd2+. Vascular reactivity and protein expression were assessed in Cd2+-exposed rats for 8 weeks to determine the calcium-handling effect of Cd2+ and the possible signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. Cd2+ induced hypertension in vivo by significantly (p < 0.001) elevating systolic blood pressure (160 ± 2 and 155 ± 1 vs 120 ± 1 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (119 ± 2 and 110 ± 1 vs 81 ± 1 mm Hg), and mean arterial pressure (133 ± 2 and 125 ± 1 vs 94 ± 1 mm Hg) (SBP, DBP, and MAP, respectively), while potassium supplementation protected against elevation of these parameters. The mechanism involved augmentation of the phosphorylation of renal myosin light chain phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) at threonine 697 (T697) (2.58 ± 0.36 vs 1 ± 0) and the expression of p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (1.78 ± 0.20 vs 1 ± 0). While acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was unaffected, 5 mg/kg b.w. Cd2+ significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contraction of the aorta, and 2.5 mg/kg b.w. Cd2+ significantly (p < 0.05) augmented sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation of the aorta. These results support the vital role of the kidney in regulating blood pressure changes after Cd2+ exposure, which may be a key drug target for hypertension management. Given the differential response to Cd2+, it is apparent that its hypertensive effects could be mediated by myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) inhibition via phosphorylation of renal MYPT1-T697 and p44 MAPK. Further investigation of small arteries and the Rho-kinase/MYPT1 interaction is recommended.
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Sakurai M, Suwazono Y, Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Yoneda K, Ishizaki M, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Nakagawa H. The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157747. [PMID: 34360038 PMCID: PMC8345790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between urinary cadmium concentration (uCd, μg/g Cr) and risk of cause-specific mortality according to urinary β2-microglobulin (MG) concentration. Participants were 1383 male and 1700 female inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The uCd and β2-MG were evaluated in a survey in 1981–1982, where those participants were followed-up over 35 years later. Among the participants with a urinary β2-MG < 1000, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for mortality were significantly higher in those with a uCd of ≥10.0 compared with <5.0 for cardiovascular disease [HR 1.92 (1.08–3.40) for men, 1.71 (1.07–2.71) for women], pneumonia or influenza [2.10 (1.10–4.00) for men, 2.22 (1.17–4.19) for women], and digestive diseases [for men; 3.81 (1.49–9.74)]. The uCd was significantly associated with mortality from heart failure in women and digestive diseases in men, after adjustment for other causes of death using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model. For participants with a urinary β2-MG of ≥1000, no significant association was observed between uCd and any major cause of death. In the absence of kidney damage, Cd may increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuuka Watanabe
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kazuka Yoneda
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
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29
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Nguyen HD, Kim MS. Effects of heavy metal, vitamin, and curry consumption on metabolic syndrome during menopause: a Korean community-based cross-sectional study. Menopause 2021; 28:949-959. [PMID: 34284432 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) during menopause and serum heavy metal levels and vitamin and curry consumption. METHODS A data set of 7,131 pre- and postmenopausal women aged ≥ 20 years collected between 2009 and 2017 was used to obtain information on sociodemographic, lifestyles, family histories, food intakes, and serum heavy metal levels and MetS. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between the presence of MetS and risk factors and to predict risks of MetS based on marginal effects. RESULTS Our results show that postmenopausal women had a higher risk of MetS than premenopausal women. During postmenopause elevations in the levels of serum cadmium by one unit increased the risk of MetS by 33% (OR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72, P = 0.028). Risks of MetS in pre- and postmenopausal women, when serum Hb levels increased by 1 unit increased 21% (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33, P < 0.001) and 26% (OR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.16-1.38, P < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of MetS risk in pre- and postmenopausal women was increased 2.49-fold and 2.79-fold by a 1% increase in HbA1c level (OR 2.49; 95% CI, 1.97-3.16, P < 0.001) and (OR 2.79; 95% CI, 2.30-3.38, P < 0.001), respectively. High curry consumption reduced the risk of MetS significantly more than low curry consumption (OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.91, P = 0.017) in premenopausal women. Furthermore, an increase in daily vitamin B2 intake by 1 mg reduced the risk of MetS by 45% (OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.94, P = 0.028) in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Vitamin B2 and curry supplementation may protect against MetS. Further work is needed to reduce risk factors associated with heavy metals and determine the effects of vitamins and curry consumption on MetS during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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30
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Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14664. [PMID: 34282223 PMCID: PMC8289831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Korea tends to be increasing. It has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing evidence shows heavy metals are associated with increased CVD risk. We aimed to determine the association between the serum heavy metal levels and 10-year risk of CVDs and to predict risks of CVDs based on marginal effects. Heavy metals were measured by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. The results show a significant relationship between the increase in cadmium, lead, mercury, hs-CRP levels and the 10-year risk of CVD after adjustment for serum cotinine, age group, sex, body mass index, a family history of CVDs, diabetes or hyperlipidemia, high-risk drinking, physical activity, and diabetes. A doubling of serum cadmium, lead, mercury, and hs-CRP was associated with the increase in the 10-year risk of CVD by 0.14%, 0.10%, 0.11% and 0.22%, respectively. Therefore, a special concern should be given to the harmful impacts of heavy metals on the 10-year risk of CVD. It is important to develop a prevention strategy targeting the high-risk population to slow down this progression to risk factors related to heavy metals and reduce prevalence. Remarkedly, hs-CRP is the most validated and widely used inflammatory marker, and could be a potential clinical value in predicting and monitoring CVDs.
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31
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Duc HN, Oh H, Kim MS. Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins, Curry Consumption, and Heavy Metal Levels on Metabolic Syndrome with Comorbidities: A Korean Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:808. [PMID: 34069726 PMCID: PMC8161368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased worldwide, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this phenomenon is related to environmental, dietary, and lifestyle risk factors. We aimed to determine the association between the levels of serum heavy metals, hs-CRP, vitamins, and curry intake and to predict risks of MetS based on marginal effects. A data set of 60,256 Koreans aged ≥ 15 years between 2009 and 2017 was used to obtain information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, family history characteristics, MetS, food intake survey, and serum heavy metals. Daily intake of vitamins was measured by a one-day 24 h recall, and curry consumption was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. Serum heavy metal levels were quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and using a mercury analyzer. We found that vitamin B1, B2, B3, C, and A intakes were significantly lower in subjects with than without MetS. In contrast, serum levels of Pb, Hg, Cd, vitamin A, E, and hs-CRP were significantly higher in subjects with MetS. The risk of MetS was significantly lower for high curry consumers than low curry consumers (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95%CI 0.74-0.98). The risks of MetS were reduced by 12% and 1%, when vitamin B1 and C intakes increased by one mg, respectively, but were increased by 14%, 3%, and 9%, when serum levels of Pb, Hg, and hs-CRP increased by one unit. These results show that the potential health benefits resulting from vitamin and curry intakes could protect the public against the dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Further studies are required to reduce risk factors associated with serum heavy metal levels and to determine whether interactions between vitamin and curry consumption influence the presence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea; (H.N.D.); (H.O.)
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32
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Choi YH, Huh DA, Moon KW. Joint Effect of Alcohol Drinking and Environmental Cadmium Exposure on Hypertension in Korean Adults: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 to 2013. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:548-560. [PMID: 33635568 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common disease found in 1.13 billion adults worldwide. Several animal studies have provided evidence of the joint effect of alcohol drinking and cadmium exposure on hypertension. However, no epidemiologic study has examined the association between these 2 risk factors and hypertension. Therefore, we examined the individual effects of alcohol drinking and cadmium and the joint effect of their coexposure on hypertension in the general population. METHODS We analyzed data from 8,403 South Korean adults who had been randomly assigned to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2013. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association of alcohol drinking and blood cadmium concentration with blood pressure and the odds ratio (OR) for hypertension. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of hypertension and high-risk drinking was 25.7 and 13.6%, respectively. The weighted geometric mean of blood cadmium levels was 0.94 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 0.96). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, health-related behaviors, and dietary and disease variables, the OR for hypertension in the group with the high-risk alcohol drinking was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.34 to 2.06) compared with the group without high-risk alcohol drinking. When the highest and the lowest blood cadmium quartiles were compared, the OR for hypertension was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.86). The positive joint effect of high-risk drinking and blood cadmium levels was statistically significant for systolic blood pressure (SBP; p = 0.037) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that heavy alcohol drinking had a joint effect with cadmium exposure to increase the risk of hypertension. Future efforts are needed to reduce alcohol drinking and environmental cadmium exposure to prevent hypertension in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da-An Huh
- Department of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Ansari MN, Rehman NU, Karim A, Imam F, Hamad AM. Protective Effect of Thymus serrulatus Essential Oil on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats, through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, and Smad2 mRNA Expression. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051252. [PMID: 33652584 PMCID: PMC7956168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to examine the protective effect of essential oil from Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (TSA oil) against cadmium (Cd)-induced renal toxicity. The experimental protocol was designed using 30 healthy adult Wistar albino rats allocated into five groups containing six animals in each group. Group 1 was treated as normal control and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 3 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Group 3 was also treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg, PO) as a standard group, while groups 4 and 5 were administered with TSA oil at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg PO, respectively. The nephrotoxicity was measured with various parameters such as kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory factors. The histological studies were also evaluated in the experimental protocol. The CdCl2-treated groups showed a significant increase in the levels of serum kidney function markers along with MDA levels in kidney homogenate. However, renal GSH level was found to be reduced significantly. It was found that CdCl2 significantly upregulated the nuclear factor levels of kappaB (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2) as compared to the normal control group. On the other hand, TSA oil significantly improved the increased levels of serum kidney function markers, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, TSA oil significantly downregulated the increased expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and Smad2 in Cd-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the histological changes in the tissue samples of the kidney of Cd-treated groups were significantly ameliorated in the silymarin- and TSA-oil-treated groups. The present study reveals that TSA oil ameliorates Cd-induced renal injury, and it is also proposed that the observed nephroprotective effect could be due to the antioxidant potential of TSA oil and healing due to its anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.U.R.); Tel.: +966-11-5886037 (M.N.A.); +966-11-5886035 (N.U.R.)
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.U.R.); Tel.: +966-11-5886037 (M.N.A.); +966-11-5886035 (N.U.R.)
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abubaker M. Hamad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan
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Simões MR, Azevedo BF, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Vassallo DV. Chronic Low-Level Lead Exposure Increases Mesenteric Vascular Reactivity: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2-Derived Prostanoids. Front Physiol 2021; 11:590308. [PMID: 33488395 PMCID: PMC7818781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure causes hazardous effects as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated whether chronic Pb exposure alters the peripheral vascular resistance measuring the vascular reactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries in rats to identify the underlying mechanisms that are associated to the development of Pb-induced hypertension. Mesenteric resistance arteries from lead-treated and untreated Wistar rats (1st dose: 10 μg/100 g; subsequent doses: 0.125 μg/100 g, intramuscular, 30 days) were used. Contractile responses to phenylephrine increased, while acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was not affected by lead treatment. Endothelium removal and inhibition of NO synthase by L-NAME similarly enhanced the response to phenylephrine in untreated and lead-treated rats. The antioxidants apocynin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not affect vasoconstriction in either group. The vascular expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein increased after lead exposure. The respective non-specific or specific COX-2 inhibitors indomethacin and NS398 reduced more strongly the response to phenylephrine in treated rats. Antagonists of EP1 (SC19220), TP (SQ29548), IP (CAY10441) and angiotensin II type 1 (losartan) receptors reduced vasoconstriction only in treated rats. These conclusions present further evidence that lead, even in small concentration, produces cardiovascular hazards being an environmental contaminant that account for lead-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - María Jesús Alonso
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.,Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
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35
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Martins AC, Santos AAD, Lopes ACBA, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB. Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium and Mercury and its Relationship to Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:14-26. [PMID: 33475076 DOI: 10.2174/1573402117666210121102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health concern that affects millions globally, leading to a large number of morbidities and fatalities. The etiology of hypertension is complex and multifactorial, and it involves environmental factors, including heavy metals. Cadmium and mercury are toxic elements commonly found in the environment, contributing to hypertension. We aimed to assess the role of cadmium and mercury-induced endothelial dysfunction in the development of hypertension. A narrative review was carried out through database searches. In this review, we discussed the critical roles of cadmium and mercury in the etiology of hypertension and provided new insights into potential mechanisms of their effect, focusing primarily on endothelial dysfunction. Although the mechanisms by which cadmium and mercury induce hypertension have yet to be completely elucidated, evidence for both implicates impaired nitric oxide signaling in their hypertensive etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alessanda A D Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ana C B A Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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36
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Kumar SK, Prakash T, Vetriselvan M, Mani KP. Trehalose protects the endothelium from cadmium-induced dysfunction. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:957-964. [PMID: 33372726 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to identify the possible regulatory role of trehalose (Tre) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. To screen the dose-dependent effect of both Tre and CdCl2 , a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. Interestingly, MTT assay results have shown that co-incubation of Tre (1 mM) with CdCl2 significantly decreased the CdCl2 (5 µM) cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) measurement using Griess assay and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein fluorescence probe results have shown that CdCl2 decreases NO production in endothelial cells. Western blotting analysis results showed that CdCl2 decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phospho endothelial nitric oxide synthase (peNOS) expression. The present study results have also observed that CdCl2 treatment increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, combination treatment (Tre + CdCl2 ) could restore the NO production in CdCl2 -treated cells. In addition, combination treatment could also restore eNOS and peNOS expression in endothelial cells. Moreover, Tre treatment was found to decrease CdCl2 -induced ROS production. Collectively, the present study results demonstrate that Tre possesses a significant protective action against CdCl2 -mediated endothelial dysfunction by increasing NO production, eNOS and peNOS expression, and by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwareddy K Kumar
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Tarun Prakash
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Miralini Vetriselvan
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Roy A, Nethi SK, Suganya N, Raval M, Chatterjee S, Patra CR. Attenuation of cadmium-induced vascular toxicity by pro-angiogenic nanorods. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Almenara CCP, Oliveira TF, Padilha AS. The Role of Antioxidants in the Prevention of Cadmium-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3667-3675. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200415172338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cadmium is a worldwide spread toxicant that accumulates in tissues and affects many
organs, mainly through oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is often associated with cardiovascular diseases and,
when it affects vessels, it induces endothelial dysfunction, which, in turn, could precipitate atherosclerosis and
hypertension. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest antioxidant supplementation as a therapy against cadmiuminduced
endothelial dysfunction.
Objective:
This literature review aims to present the mechanisms involving oxidative stress in which cadmium
induces endothelial dysfunction and the benefits of antioxidant supplementation as a therapeutic strategy against
its harmful effects.
Methods:
On PubMed Central, articles that contemplated studies on cadmium intoxication and associated oxidative
stress with endothelial dysfunction as well as articles that reported the use of antioxidant supplementation in
an attempt to prevent or avoid endothelial dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure were selected.
Results:
Most of the studies that associated cadmium intoxication with endothelial dysfunction suggested oxidative
stress as the major mechanism for this damage. Furthermore, experimental studies also revealed that the
administration of substances with antioxidant properties, such as ascorbic acid and curcumin, has beneficial effects
on the prevention of such dysfunction, reducing reactive oxygen species within the vessels, preventing a
reduction in the amount of glutathione and the increase in blood pressure observed in animals exposed to cadmium.
Conclusion:
Antioxidant therapy demonstrated to be a potential treatment to reduce cardiovascular injuries provoked
by cadmium, but more studies are needed to determine the best antioxidant substance and dose to treat or
avoid this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cruz Pereira Almenara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755 - Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Thiago F. Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755 - Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755 - Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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39
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Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2013 and 2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176288. [PMID: 32872339 PMCID: PMC7503499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, although the mortality rate has declined with improved technology and risk factor control. The incidence rate of stroke, one of the CVDs, is increasing in young adults, whereas it is decreasing in the elderly. The risk factors for CVD may differ between young adults and the elderly. Previous studies have suggested that cadmium was a potential CVD risk factor in the overall and middle-aged to elderly populations. We assessed the associations between cadmium and CVD events in the Korean population aged 20-59 years using the 2008-2013 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a population-based cross-sectional study. Among 10,626 participants aged 20-59 years, those with high blood cadmium (BCd) level (>1.874 µg/L, 90th percentile) were higher associated with stroke and hypertension (stroke: odds ratio (OR), 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-5.56; hypertension: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20-1.76). The strongest association between high blood cadmium concentrations and hypertension was among current smokers. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was not associated with high blood cadmium level. These findings suggest that high blood cadmium levels may be associated with prevalent stroke and hypertension in the Korean population under 60 years of age.
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40
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Tsentsevitsky AN, Zakyrjanova GF, Petrov AM. Cadmium desynchronizes neurotransmitter release in the neuromuscular junction: Key role of ROS. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:19-28. [PMID: 32445865 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cd2+ is one of the most widespread environmental pollutants and its accumulation in central and peripheral nervous systems leads to neurotoxicity as well as aggravation of common neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanism of the Cd2+ toxicity is far from being resolved. Here, using microelectrode recordings of postsynaptic responses and fluorescent redox indicators we studied the effect of Cd2+ in the submicromolar range on timing of neurotransmitter release and oxidative status in two functionally different compartments of the same frog motor nerve terminal. Cd2+ (0.1-1 μM) acting as typical voltage-gated Ca2+channel (VGCC) antagonist decreased neurotransmitter release in both distal and proximal parts of the nerve terminal, but in contrast to the VGCC blockers Cd2+(0.1-0.5 μM) desynchronized the release selectively in the distal region. The latter action of Cd2+ was completely prevented by inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase and antioxidants, including mitochondrial specific, as well as redox-sensitive TRPV1 channel blocker. Cd2+ markedly increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both the distal and proximal compartments of the nerve terminal, which was associated with lipid peroxidation mainly in the distal region. Zn2+, whose transport systems translocate Cd2+, markedly enhanced the effects of Cd2+ on both the mitochondrial ROS levels and timing of neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, in the presence of Zn2+ ions, Cd2+ also desynchronized the neurotransmitter release in the proximal region. Thus, in synapses Cd2+ at very low concentrations can increase mitochondrial ROS, lipid peroxidation and disturb the timing of neurotransmitter release via a ROS/TRPV-dependent mechanism. Desynchronization of neurotransmitter release and synaptic oxidative stress could be early events in Cd2+ neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ''Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - G F Zakyrjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ''Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - A M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ''Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
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41
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Pinheiro Júnior JEG, Moraes PZ, Rodriguez MD, Simões MR, Cibin F, Pinton S, Barbosa Junior F, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Cadmium exposure activates NADPH oxidase, renin-angiotensin system and cyclooxygenase 2 pathways in arteries, inducing hypertension and vascular damage. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:80-89. [PMID: 32738273 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high concentrations of cadmium (Cd), widely used in many industries and found in air, food and contaminated water, is not uncommon. Cd damages the cardiovascular system, but the vascular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular damage after exposure to high Cd concentrations. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally for 14 days with distilled water (Untreated group) or 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride (Cd group). We investigated the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular reactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) and the aorta by analysing contractile and relaxation responses in the absence and presence of the endothelium; we also evaluated pathways involved in vascular tone regulation. Superoxide anion production, COX-2 protein expression and in situ detection of COX-2, AT-1, and NOX-1 were evaluated. Oxidative status, creatinine level and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in plasma were also evaluated. Fourteen-day exposure to a high Cd concentration induced hypertension associated with vascular dysfunction in MRA and the aorta. In both vessels, there was increased participation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and NOX1. MRA also presented endothelial dysfunction, denoted by impaired acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. All vascular changes were accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species production and COX2, NOX1 and AT1 receptor expression in vascular tissue. Overall, high Cd concentrations induced cardiovascular damage: hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage in conductance and resistance arteries, NADPH oxidase, renin-angiotensin system and COX2 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eudes Gomes Pinheiro Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paola Zambelli Moraes
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Diaz Rodriguez
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Francielli Cibin
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Junior
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14049-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Sakurai M, Suwazono Y, Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Ishizaki M, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Nakagawa H. Relationship between urinary β 2 -microglobulin concentration and mortality in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan: A 35-year follow-up study. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:224-232. [PMID: 32667055 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between urinary β2 -microglobulin (β2 -MG) and the risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in a cadmium (Cd)-polluted area was investigated in 3139 inhabitants (1404 men and 1735 women) of the Kakehashi River basin in Japan at 35-year follow-up. The subjects had been participants in the 1981-1982 health impact survey that assessed Cd-induced renal dysfunction, as measured by the urinary β2 -MG concentration. Hazard ratios were calculated to assess the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the urinary β2 -MG concentrations. Risk ratios (RRs) were assessed using the Fine and Gray regression model to account for competing risks of cause-specific mortality. The mortality rate was significantly higher in participants with urinary β2 -MG concentrations >1000 μg/g creatinine (Cr) for men and >300 μg/g Cr for women. In the proportional hazard model, higher urinary β2 -MG concentrations were associated with higher risks of circulatory disease, digestive system diseases, and kidney and urinary tract diseases in men and women, and with senility for women. However, when competing risk was accounted for, the RRs were significantly higher only for kidney and urinary tract diseases in men and women (RR for each increment of 1000 μg/g Cr [95% confidence interval]: 1.02 [1.00-1.04] for men, and 1.01 [1.00-1.02] for women). The long-term prognosis of participants with renal tubular dysfunction was poor, most likely due to kidney and renal tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuuka Watanabe
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Wang X, Li Z, Gao Z, Li Q, Jiang L, Geng C, Yao X, Shi X, Liu Y, Cao J. Cadmium induces cell growth in A549 and HELF cells via autophagy-dependent glycolysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104834. [PMID: 32200033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive harmful metal in the environment. It is a well-known inducer of tumorigenesis, but its mechanism is still unclear. We have previously reported that Cd-induced autophagy was apoptosis-dependent and prevents apoptotic cell death to ensure the growth of A549 cells. In this study, the mechanism was further investigated. Cd treatment increased glucose uptake and lactate release significantly. Meanwhile, the protein level of GLUT1,HKII,PKM2 and LDHA increased in a time-dependent manner, indicating that Cd induced aerobic glycolysis in A549 and HELF cells. The inhibitors of autophagy, 3MA, and CQ, repressed Cd-induced glycolysis-related proteins, indicating that autophagy was involved in Cd-induced glycolysis in A549 and HELF cells. Knockdown of ATG4B or ATG5 by siATG4B and siATG5 decreased Cd-induced glycolysis, while overexpression of ATG4B enhanced glycolysis. These results demonstrated that Cd-induced glycolysis was autophagy-dependent. Then, glycolysis inhibitor, 2DG and siPKM2 could inhibit Cd-induced cell viability and cell cycle progression compared to only Cd treatment, indicating that glycolysis played an important role in Cd-induced cell growth. Finally, co-treatment of transfection of ATG4B-DNA plasmids with 2DG or siPKM2 further demonstrated that the autophagy-glycolysis axis played an important role in Cd-induced cell cycle progression. Taken together, our results suggested that Cd-induced glycolysis is autophagy-dependent and the autophagy-glycolysis axis underlies the mechanism of Cd-induced cell growth in A549 and HELF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zeyun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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44
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Seol BG, Kim JH, Woo M, Song YO, Choi YH, Noh JS, Cho EJ. Skate cartilage extracts containing chondroitin sulfate ameliorates hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet-fed LDL receptor knockout mice in comparison with shark chondroitin sulfate. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:175-187. [PMID: 32528626 PMCID: PMC7263899 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of skate cartilage extracts containing chondroitin sulfate (SCS) on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice in comparison with the effects of shark cartilage-derived chondroitin sulfate (CS). MATERIALS/METHODS Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) mice were fed HCD with an oral administration of CS (50 and 100 mg/kg BW/day), SCS (100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day), or water, respectively, for ten weeks. RESULTS The administration of CS or SCS reduced the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol and elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CS or SCS significantly attenuated inflammation by reducing the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and hepatic protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and IL-1beta (P < 0.05). In particular, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced only in the 100 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed group, whereas the IL-6 level was reduced in the 100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed groups (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production were attenuated in the livers of the CS and SCS groups mediated by the upregulation of hepatic proteins of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the biological effects of SCS, similar to those of CS, are attributed to improved lipid profiles as well as suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the intake of HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gyeong Seol
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.,Busan Innovation Institute of Industry, Science & Technology Planning (BISTEP), Busan 48058, Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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45
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Hossein-Khannazer N, Azizi G, Eslami S, Alhassan Mohammed H, Fayyaz F, Hosseinzadeh R, Usman AB, Kamali AN, Mohammadi H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Dehghanifard E, Noorisepehr M. The effects of cadmium exposure in the induction of inflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 42:1-8. [PMID: 31793820 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1697284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process essential for maintaining homeostatic mechanisms in human, but however, exaggerated inflammatory responses are closely related to many chronic diseases. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity when present in food, water and air has the potential of eliciting inflammatory reactions, with a major health risk to human. This review aimed to elucidate on the major routes of Cd exposure, the main organs affected by the exposure, the degree of toxicity as well as the roles of the toxic effects on the immune system which results to inflammatory responses. Immune modulation by Cd may cause serious adverse health effects in humans. Various studies have highlighted the ability of Cd as an environmental pollutant involved in the modulation of the innate, adaptive and mucosal immune responses in relations to the release of chemokine, gene expression, and susceptibility to microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hussaini Alhassan Mohammed
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Farimah Fayyaz
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abubakar B Usman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ali N Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Emad Dehghanifard
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noorisepehr
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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46
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Banaee M, Soltanian S, Sureda A, Gholamhosseini A, Haghi BN, Akhlaghi M, Derikvandy A. Evaluation of single and combined effects of cadmium and micro-plastic particles on biochemical and immunological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124335. [PMID: 31325830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growing accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments is a global concern. MPs are capable to interact with other environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, altering their toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the sub-lethal effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) alone and in combination with MPs on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Multi-biomarkers, including plasma biochemical parameters and intrinsic immunological factors, were measured after 30 days of exposure. Exposure to Cd or NPs reduced the plasma activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Exposure to both compounds enhanced the observed effects except for AST activity and ALP at the highest concentrations, whereas evidenced an antagonistic interaction in ALT. Plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were decreased, and the levels of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels increased mainly in the Cd groups with no additional effects derived from the co-exposure to both stressors. Lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activities and the levels of total immunoglobulins, and complement C3 and C4 in fish exposed to Cd and MPs were lower than those in the control group and this decrease was more significant by the mixture of both compounds. These findings showed that the exposure to Cd or MPs alone is toxic to fish altering the biochemical and immunological parameters. Moreover, these alterations are even greater when the Cd and the MPS are combined suggesting synergistic effects in increasing Cd toxicity and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Siyavash Soltanian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, and CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de La Obesidad La Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Akhlaghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azam Derikvandy
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran
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47
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Fittipaldi S, Bimonte VM, Soricelli A, Aversa A, Lenzi A, Greco EA, Migliaccio S. Cadmium exposure alters steroid receptors and proinflammatory cytokine levels in endothelial cells in vitro: a potential mechanism of endocrine disruptor atherogenic effect. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:727-739. [PMID: 30478740 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant that causes alterations in human health acting as endocrine disruptor. Recent data suggest that cardiovascular system might be a contamination target tissue, since Cd is found in atheromatic plaques. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequence of Cd exposure of endothelial cells in vitro to evaluate detrimental effect in vascular system by a potential sex-steroid hormone receptor-dependent mechanism(s). METHODS To this aim, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were cultured and exposed to several concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for different interval times. RESULTS CdCl2 exposure of HUVECs induced a significant increase of ERβ and Cyp19a1 at both mRNA and protein levels, while a drastic dose-dependent decrease of AR expression level was observed after 24 h of exposure. On the contrary, an increase of PhARser308 as well as a reduction of PhGSK-3βser9 and PhAKTser473 was detected after 1 h treatment. This effect was consistently reduced by GSK inhibition. Furthermore, CdCl2 abolished DHT-induced cell proliferation in HUVECs suggesting an antagonist-like effect of Cd on AR-mediated signaling. Remarkable, after 6 h CdCl2-treatment, a relevant increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA was observed and this effect was blocked by the presence of an ERβ-selective antagonist. Moreover, Cd-induced TxR1 overexpression, likely, correlated with the activation of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that Cd alters sex-steroid hormone receptors level and activity likely affecting intracellular signaling linked to a proinflammatory state in endothelial cells. This alteration might possibly lead to endothelial cell injury and vascular dysfunction and could be a mechanism of gender-specific atherogenic damages induced by endocrine disruptors and, thus, induce atherogenic events with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in individuals exposed to this endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V M Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 6, 00195, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - A Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E A Greco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 6, 00195, Rome, Italy.
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48
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Joardar S, Dewanjee S, Bhowmick S, Dua TK, Das S, Saha A, De Feo V. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2027. [PMID: 31022990 PMCID: PMC6514581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was executed to reveal the protective mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. RA exhibited a concentration-dependent anti-apoptotic effect against CdCl2 in isolated mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells. Cd treatment significantly (p < 0.01) imparted oxidative stress to the renal cells via excessive ROS production, triggering NO level, NADPH oxidase activation, and impairment of cellular redox defense system. Cd-mediated oxidative stress significantly (p < 0.01) endorsed apoptosis to the murine kidney cells by triggering NF-κB/PKC-δ/TNFR2 activation. In addition, CdCl2 induced renal fibrosis by triggering TGF-β1/SMAD3/α-SMA/collagen signaling within renal cells. On the other hand, RA significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) attenuated Cd-provoked oxidative stress and associated pathological signal transduction in murine renal cells. RA treatment also could significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reciprocate Cd-mediated pathological changes in blood and urine parameters in mice. In addition, histological data supported the pharmacological findings. In silico chemometric analyses predicted the possible interactions between RA and different signal proteins and anticipated drug-likeness characteristics of RA. Hence, RA can potentially be applied as a therapeutic agent to treat Cd-mediated nephrotoxicity in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sonjit Das
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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49
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Pérez Díaz MFF, Plateo Pignatari MG, Filippa VP, Mohamed FH, Marchevsky EJ, Gimenez MS, Ramirez DC. A soybean-based diet modulates cadmium-induced vascular apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:239-246. [PMID: 30732889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The diet is a modifiable source of protecting or damaging factors that may affect this risk. Herein we tested the hypothesis that a soybean-based diet (SBD) protects the vascular wall of the aorta against Cd-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects. To test this hypothesis, we fed male Wistar rats for 60 days with a casein-based diet (CBD) or an SBD. These animals were also exposed to tap-water without (CBD-Co/SBD-Co) or with 15(CBD-15Cd/SBD-15Cd) or 100 (CBD-100Cd/SBD-100Cd) ppm of Cd. Inflammatory parameters (mRNAs and/or proteins) were measured in thoracic aorta tissue. These included inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenase-2, intracellular-adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1. As pro-apoptotic parameters, we measured Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA/protein, as well as TUNEL positive cells in the aorta tissue. Compared to CBD-Co, inflammatory and apoptosis markers increased in the aorta with the concentration of Cd in the drinking water. These effects were not observed in either SBD-15Cd or SBD-100Cd, which were similar to CBD-Co. Cd content in serum and in aortas from animals fed CBD-Co/SBD-15Cd or CBD-Co/SBD-100Cd were similar suggesting that, if any, the effect of SBD is not due to changes in Cd bioaccumulation, but due to secondary effects linked to the composition of the dietary soybean flour. Our findings are consistent with a protective effect of an SBD against Cd-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the thoracic aorta in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías F F Pérez Díaz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment, and Metabolism, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Maria G Plateo Pignatari
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment, and Metabolism, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Medicine, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Verónica P Filippa
- Laboratory of Histology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Fabián H Mohamed
- Laboratory of Histology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Eduardo J Marchevsky
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - María S Gimenez
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment, and Metabolism, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Dario C Ramirez
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Medicine, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis, CCT-San Luis, CONICET-National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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50
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Oliveira TF, Batista PR, Leal MA, Campagnaro BP, Nogueira BV, Vassallo DV, Meyrelles SS, Padilha AS. Chronic Cadmium Exposure Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis and Induces Vascular Dysfunction in the Aorta of ApoE -/- Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:163-171. [PMID: 29707746 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium exposure is related to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and specific biochemical changes induced by this metal. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether cadmium exposure induces endothelial dysfunction, accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta, and enhances oxidative stress in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Experiments were performed in 14-week-old male wild-type and ApoE-/- mice. ApoE-/- mice received cadmium (CdCl2 100 mg/L in drinking water for 28 days) or vehicle (distilled water). After treatment, vascular reactivity to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside was analyzed using isolated aorta. Bone marrow cells were isolated to assess the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. ApoE-/- cadmium-treated mice had higher cholesterol levels than non-exposed mice. Cadmium exposure decreased the vasodilatation response to acetylcholine in aortic ring of ApoE-/- mice, though no changes in phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside responses were observed. L-NAME reduced vasodilator responses to acetylcholine; this effect was lower in ApoE-/- cadmium-treated mice, suggesting reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Moreover, in bone marrow cells, cadmium decreased cytoplasmic levels of NO and increased superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite in ApoE-/- mice. Morphological analysis showed that cadmium exposure increased plaque deposition in the aorta by approximately 3-fold. Our results suggest that cadmium exposure induces endothelial dysfunction in ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, cadmium increased total cholesterol levels, which may promote the early development of atherosclerosis in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice. Our findings support the hypothesis that cadmium exposure might increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Oliveira
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - P R Batista
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - M A Leal
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - B P Campagnaro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade de Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - B V Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - D V Vassallo
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - S S Meyrelles
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo CCS/UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil.
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