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Powers SK, Radak Z, Ji LL, Jackson M. Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024:S2095-2546(24)00062-0. [PMID: 38719184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) was first reported over 40 years ago. The prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle damage. However, a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules, capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle adaptation. Growing evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise training. This review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. We begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the cell. We then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise training. In hopes of stimulating future research, we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Li Li Ji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Malcolm Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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2
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Arora M, Kumari S, Kadian L, Anupa G, Singh J, Kumar A, Verma D, Pramanik R, Kumar S, Yadav R, Chopra A, Chauhan S. Involvement of DPP3 in modulating oncological features and oxidative stress response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222472. [PMID: 37531267 PMCID: PMC10500228 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a critical clinical problem and identification of novel therapeutic targets is highly warranted. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3) is a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase and functions in the terminal stages of the protein turnover. Several studies have reported overexpression and oncogenic functions of DPP3 in numerous malignancies. The present study aimed to determine the expression pattern and functional role of DPP3 in ESCC. DPP3 expression was assessed in normal and tumor tissues using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and corroborated with ESCC gene expression datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The cancer genome atlas (TCGA). DPP3 stable knockdown was performed in ESCC cells by shRNA and its effect on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway was assessed. The results suggested that DPP3 is overexpressed in ESCC and its knockdown leads to reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited migration of ESCC cells. Additionally, DPP3 knockdown leads to down-regulation of the NRF2 pathway proteins, such as NRF2, G6PD, and NQO1 along with increased sensitivity toward oxidative stress-induced cell death and chemotherapy. Conclusively, these results demonstrate critical role of DPP3 in ESCC and DPP3/NRF2 axis may serve as an attractive therapeutic target against chemoresistance in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geethadevi Anupa
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Levings DC, Pathak SS, Yang YM, Slattery M. Limited expression of Nrf2 in neurons across the central nervous system. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102830. [PMID: 37544245 PMCID: PMC10428127 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2, encoded by the gene Nfe2l2, is a broadly expressed transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. It is commonly referred to as a ubiquitous pathway, but this generalization overlooks work indicating that Nrf2 is essentially unexpressed in some neuronal populations. To explore whether this pattern extends throughout the central nervous system (CNS), we quantified Nfe2l2 expression and chromatin accessibility at the Nfe2l2 locus across multiple single cell datasets. In both the mouse and human CNS, Nfe2l2 was repressed in almost all mature neurons, but highly expressed in non-neuronal support cells, and this pattern was robust across multiple human CNS diseases. A subset of key Nrf2 target genes, like Slc7a11, also remained low in neurons. Thus, these data suggest that while most cells express Nfe2l2, with activity determined by ROS levels, neurons actively avoid Nrf2 activity by keeping Nfe2l2 expression low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Salil Saurav Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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4
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Amirova KM, Dimitrova PA, Leseva MN, Koycheva IK, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Georgiev MI. The Triterpenoid Nrf2 Activator, CDDO-Me, Decreases Neutrophil Senescence in a Murine Model of Joint Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108775. [PMID: 37240121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me) is a potent activator of the erythroid 2-p45-derived factor 2, Nrf2, a leucine-zipper regulator of the antioxidant response. Herein, we investigated the effect of CDDO-Me on neutrophil function in a murine model of joint damage. Collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA) was initiated by the intra-articular injection of collagenase in the knee-joint cavity of Balb/c mice. CDDO-Me was administrated intra-articularly twice a week starting at day 7 post-CIOA, and its effect was evaluated at day 14. Neutrophils in blood and bone marrow (BM), cell apoptosis, necrosis, expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), beta-galactosidase (β-Gal), and Nrf2 levels were measured by flow cytometry. In vitro, CDDO-Me promoted cell survival, reduced cell necrosis, and increased Nrf2 levels by 1.6 times. It decreased surface CXCR4 expression and reduced the frequency of senescent β-Gal+CXCR4+ neutrophils by three times. In vivo, the degree of knee-joint damage in CIOA was correlated with upregulated CXCR4 on CD11b+ neutrophils. CDDO-Me improved the disease histological score, increased the levels of Nrf2, and downregulated surface CXCR4 on mature BM cells. Our data suggest that CDDO-Me may act as a potent regulator of neutrophil senescence during the progression of knee-joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana M Amirova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petya A Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena N Leseva
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka K Koycheva
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Levings DC, Pathak SS, Yang YM, Slattery M. Limited Expression of Nrf2 in Neurons Across the Central Nervous System. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540014. [PMID: 37214946 PMCID: PMC10197674 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a broadly expressed transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. It is commonly referred to as a ubiquitous pathway, but this generalization overlooks work indicating that Nrf2 is essentially unexpressed in some neuronal populations. To explore whether this pattern extends throughout the central nervous system (CNS), we quantified Nrf2 expression and chromatin accessibility at the Nrf2 locus across multiple single cell datasets. In both the mouse and human CNS, Nrf2 was repressed in almost all mature neurons, but highly expressed in non-neuronal support cells, and this pattern was robust across multiple human CNS diseases. A subset of key Nrf2 target genes, like Slc7a11 , also remained low in neurons. Thus, these data suggest that while most cells express Nrf2, with activity determined by ROS levels, neurons actively avoid Nrf2 activity by keeping Nrf2 expression low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Salil Saurav Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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Activation of Nrf2 to Optimise Immune Responses to Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101438. [PMID: 36291647 PMCID: PMC9599325 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhage into the brain parenchyma can be devastating. This manifests as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) after head trauma, and in the context of vascular dementia. Randomised controlled trials have not reliably shown that haemostatic treatments aimed at limiting ICH haematoma expansion and surgical approaches to reducing haematoma volume are effective. Consequently, treatments to modulate the pathophysiological responses to ICH, which may cause secondary brain injury, are appealing. Following ICH, microglia and monocyte derived cells are recruited to the peri-haematomal environment where they phagocytose haematoma breakdown products and secrete inflammatory cytokines, which may trigger both protective and harmful responses. The transcription factor Nrf2, is activated by oxidative stress, is highly expressed by central nervous system microglia and macroglia. When active, Nrf2 induces a transcriptional programme characterised by increased expression of antioxidant, haem and heavy metal detoxification and proteostasis genes, as well as suppression of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, Nrf2 activation may facilitate adaptive-protective immune cell responses to ICH by boosting resistance to oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, whilst limiting harmful inflammatory signalling, which can contribute to further blood brain barrier dysfunction and cerebral oedema. In this review, we consider the responses of immune cells to ICH and how these might be modulated by Nrf2 activation. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies to harness Nrf2 to improve the outcomes of patients with ICH.
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Powers SK, Schrager M. Redox signaling regulates skeletal muscle remodeling in response to exercise and prolonged inactivity. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102374. [PMID: 35738088 PMCID: PMC9233275 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are malleable and undergo rapid remodeling in response to increased contractile activity (i.e., exercise) or prolonged periods of muscle inactivity (e.g., prolonged bedrest). Exploration of the cell signaling pathways regulating these skeletal muscle adaptations reveal that redox signaling pathways play a key role in the control of muscle remodeling during both exercise and prolonged muscle inactivity. In this regard, muscular exercise results in an acute increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the contracting fibers; however, this contraction-induced rise in ROS production rapidly declines when contractions cease. In contrast, prolonged muscle disuse results in a chronic elevation in ROS production within the inactive fibers. This difference in the temporal pattern of ROS production in muscle during exercise and muscle inactivity stimulates divergent cell-signaling pathways that activate both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms to promote muscle remodeling. This review examines the role that redox signaling plays in skeletal muscle adaptation in response to both prolonged muscle inactivity and endurance exercise training. We begin with a summary of the sites of ROS production in muscle fibers followed by a review of the cellular antioxidants that are responsible for regulation of ROS levels in the cell. We then discuss the specific redox-sensitive signaling pathways that promote skeletal muscle adaptation in response to both prolonged muscle inactivity and exercise. To stimulate future research, we close with a discussion of unanswered questions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL, 32723, USA.
| | - Matthew Schrager
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL, 32723, USA
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Xu X, Zhang N, Meng X, Jiang H, Ge H, Zheng Y, Qian K, Wang J. FOXO acts as a positive regulator of CncC and deltamethrin tolerance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1938-1945. [PMID: 35085425 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both forkhead box O (FOXO) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like-2 (Nrf2) are key transcription factors related to stress responses. Whereas limited studies in mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans have revealed the interaction between FoxO/DAF-16 and Nrf2/SKN-1, the role of FOXO in metabolic detoxification and regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway are poorly understood in insects. RESULTS Using Tribolium castaneum as a model organism, we found that RNA interference-mediated knockdown of FOXO enhanced deltamethrin-induced lethality by affecting the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of CYP6BQ cluster genes. We further demonstrated that injection of dsFOXO into the beetle larvae decreased expression of CncC and KEAP1 at both the mRNA and protein level. Notably, dual-luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays both confirmed direct regulation of CncC by FOXO, whereas Keap1 was directly regulated by CncC. CONCLUSION FOXO can directly regulate the expression of CncC and indirectly regulate the expression of Keap1 through CncC. The data provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Semkova V, Haupt S, Segschneider M, Bell C, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Hajo M, Weykopf B, Muthukottiappan P, Till A, Brüstle O. Dynamics of Metabolic Pathways and Stress Response Patterns during Human Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091388. [PMID: 35563695 PMCID: PMC9100042 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding early nervous system stress response mechanisms is crucial for studying developmental neurotoxicity and devising neuroprotective treatments. We used hiPSC-derived long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cells differentiated for up to 12 weeks as an in vitro model of human neural development. Following a transcriptome analysis to identify pathway alterations, we induced acute oxidative stress (OS) using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and assessed cell viability at different stages of neural differentiation. We studied NRF2 activation, autophagy, and proteasomal function to explore the contribution and interplay of these pathways in the acute stress response. With increasing differentiation, lt-NES cells showed changes in the expression of metabolic pathway-associated genes with engagement of the pentose phosphate pathway after 6 weeks, this was accompanied by a decreased susceptibility to TBHP-induced stress. Microarray analysis revealed upregulation of target genes of the antioxidant response KEAP1–NRF2–ARE pathway after 6 weeks of differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 confirmed its vital role in the increased resistance to stress. While autophagy was upregulated alongside differentiation, it was not further increased upon oxidative stress and had no effect on stress-induced cell loss and the activation of NRF2 downstream genes. In contrast, proteasome inhibition led to the aggravation of the stress response resulting in decreased cell viability, derangement of NRF2 and KEAP1 protein levels, and lacking NRF2-pathway activation. Our data provide detailed insight into the dynamic regulation and interaction of pathways involved in modulating stress responses across defined time points of neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesselina Semkova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone Haupt
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Bell
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mohamad Hajo
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (O.B.)
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Behlen JC, Lau CH, Pendleton D, Li Y, Hoffmann AR, Golding MC, Zhang R, Johnson NM. NRF2-Dependent Placental Effects Vary by Sex and Dose following Gestational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:352. [PMID: 35204234 PMCID: PMC8868520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs, PM0.1) during pregnancy triggers placental oxidative stress and inflammation, similar to fine PM (PM2.5). The Nrf2 gene encodes a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is a major regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Disruption of NRF2 is known to substantially enhance PM2.5-driven oxidant and inflammatory responses; however, specific responses to UFP exposure, especially during critical windows of susceptibility such as pregnancy, are not fully characterized; To investigate the role of NRF2 in regulating maternal antioxidant defenses and placental responses to UFP exposure, wildtype (WT) and Nrf2-/- pregnant mice were exposed to either low dose (LD, 100 µg/m3) or high dose (HD, 500 µg/m3) UFP mixture or filtered air (FA, control) throughout gestation; Nrf2-/- HD-exposed female offspring exhibited significantly reduced fetal and placental weights. Placental morphology changes appeared most pronounced in Nrf2-/- LD-exposed offspring of both sexes. Glutathione (GSH) redox analysis revealed significant increases in the GSH/GSSG ratio (reduced/oxidized) in WT female placental tissue exposed to HD in comparison with Nrf2-/- HD-exposed mice. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (Il1β, Tnfα) was significantly increased in Nrf2-/- placentas from male and female offspring across all exposure groups. Genes related to bile acid metabolism and transport were differentially altered in Nrf2-/- mice across sex and exposure groups. Notably, the group with the most marked phenotypic effects (Nrf2-/- HD-exposed females) corresponded to significantly higher placental Apoa1 and Apob expression suggesting a link between placental lipid transport and NRF2 in response to high dose UFP exposure; Disruption of NRF2 exacerbates adverse developmental outcomes in response to high dose UFP exposure in female offspring. Morphological effects in placenta from male and female offspring exposed to low dose UFPs also signify the importance of NRF2 in maternal-fetal response to UFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Behlen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.C.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Carmen H. Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.C.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA;
| | - Michael C. Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Natalie M. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.C.B.); (D.P.)
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11
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Amorim R, Cagide F, Tavares LC, Simões RF, Soares P, Benfeito S, Baldeiras I, Jones JG, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Teixeira J. Mitochondriotropic antioxidant based on caffeic acid AntiOxCIN 4 activates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defenses and quality control mechanisms to antagonize oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:119-132. [PMID: 34954022 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles involved in cellular survival, differentiation, and death induction. In this regard, mitochondrial morphology and/or function alterations are involved in stress-induced adaptive pathways, priming mitochondria for mitophagy or apoptosis induction. We have previously shown that the mitochondriotropic antioxidant AntiOxCIN4 (100 μM; 48 h) presented significant cytoprotective effect without affecting the viability of human hepatoma-derived (HepG2) cells. Moreover, AntiOxCIN4 (12.5 μM; 72 h) caused a mild increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels without toxicity to primary human skin fibroblasts (PHSF). As Nrf2 is a master regulator of the oxidative stress response inducing antioxidant-encoding gene expression, we hypothesized that AntiOxCIN4 could increase the resistance of human hepatoma-derived HepG2 to oxidative stress by Nrf2-dependent mechanisms, in a process mediated by mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). Here we showed that after an initial decrease in oxygen consumption paralleled by a moderate increase in superoxide anion levels, AntiOxCIN4 led to a time-dependent Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. This was followed later by a 1.5-fold increase in basal respiration and a 1.2-fold increase in extracellular acidification. AntiOxCIN4 treatment enhanced mitochondrial quality by triggering the clearance of defective organelles by autophagy and/or mitophagy, coupled with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. AntiOxCIN4 also up-regulated the cellular antioxidant defense system. AntiOxCIN4 seems to have the ability to maintain hepatocyte redox homeostasis, regulating the electrophilic/nucleophilic tone, and preserve cellular physiological functions. The obtained data open a new avenue to explore the effects of AntiOxCIN4 in the context of preserving hepatic mitochondrial function in disorders, such as NASH/NAFLD and type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama - EUVG, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui F Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Gunderson JT, Peppriell AE, Krout IN, Vorojeikina D, Rand MD. Neuroligin-1 Is a Mediator of Methylmercury Neuromuscular Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:236-251. [PMID: 34546366 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a developmental toxicant capable of eliciting neurocognitive and neuromuscular deficits in children with in utero exposure. Previous research in Drosophila melanogaster uncovered that developmental MeHg exposure simultaneously targets the developing musculature and innervating motor neuron in the embryo, along with identifying Drosophila neuroligin 1 (nlg1) as a gene associated with developmental MeHg sensitivity. Nlg1 and its transsynaptic partner neurexin 1 (Nrx1) are critical for axonal arborization and NMJ maturation. We investigated the effects of MeHg exposure on indirect flight muscle (IFM) morphogenesis, innervation, and function via flight assays and monitored the expression of NMJ-associated genes to characterize the role of Nlg1 mediating the neuromuscular toxicity of MeHg. Developmental MeHg exposure reduced the innervation of the IFMs, which corresponded with reduced flight ability. In addition, nlg1 expression was selectively reduced during early metamorphosis, whereas a subsequent increase was observed in other NMJ-associated genes, including nrx1, in late metamorphosis. Developmental MeHg exposure also resulted in persistent reduced expression of most nlg and nrx genes during the first 11 days of adulthood. Transgenic modulation of nlg1 and nrx1 revealed that developing muscle is particularly sensitive to nlg1 levels, especially during the 20-36-h window of metamorphosis with reduced nlg1 expression resulting in adult flight deficits. Muscle-specific overexpression of nlg1 partially rescued MeHg-induced deficits in eclosion and flight. We identified Nlg1 as a muscle-specific, NMJ structural component that can mediate MeHg neuromuscular toxicity resulting from early life exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob T Gunderson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Ashley E Peppriell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Ian N Krout
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Daria Vorojeikina
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Matthew D Rand
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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13
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Xu X, Meng X, Zhang N, Jiang H, Ge H, Qian K, Wang J. The cytosolic sulfotransferase gene TcSULT1 is involved in deltamethrin tolerance and regulated by CncC in Tribolium castaneum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104905. [PMID: 34301366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfuryl transfer reaction catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) is one of the major conjugating pathways responsible for the detoxification and subsequent elimination of xenobiotics, however, functional characterization of insect SULTs is still limited. In this study, cDNA encoding a cytosolic sulfotransferase, named TcSULT1, was cloned from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Sequence analysis revealed that TcSULT1 had the conserved signature sequences of SULTs, and shared moderate amino acid identities with Bombyx mori and Drosophila SULTs. Analysis of the transcription level showed that TcSULT1 was highly expressed in head, epidermis and malpighian tube, and upregulated at 4 h after exposure to deltamethrin. Knockdown of TcSULT1 significantly increased the susceptibility of beetles to deltamethrin. Both RNAi and dual-luciferase assay revealed that the transcription factor TcCncC regulates the expression of TcSULT1. These data provides insights into the function and regulatory mechanism of insect SULTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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14
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Levings DC, Lacher SE, Palacios-Moreno J, Slattery M. Transcriptional reprogramming by oxidative stress occurs within a predefined chromatin accessibility landscape. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:319-331. [PMID: 33992677 PMCID: PMC8608001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in many physiological processes, yet excess ROS leads to cell damage and can lead to pathology. Accordingly, cells need to maintain tight regulation of ROS levels, and ROS-responsive transcriptional reprogramming is central to this process. Although it has long been recognized that oxidative stress leads to rapid, significant changes in gene expression, the impact of oxidative stress on the underlying chromatin accessibility landscape remained unclear. Here, we asked whether ROS-responsive transcriptional reprogramming is accompanied by reprogramming of the chromatin environment in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Using a time-course exposure to multiple inducers of oxidative stress, we determined that the widespread ROS-responsive changes in gene expression induced by ROS occur with minimal changes to the chromatin environment. While we did observe changes in chromatin accessibility, these changes were: (1) far less numerous than gene expression changes after oxidative stress, and (2) occur within pre-existing regions of accessible chromatin. Transcription factor (TF) footprinting analysis of our ATAC-seq experiments identified 5 TFs or TF families with evidence for ROS-responsive changes in DNA binding: NRF2, AP-1, p53, NFY, and SP/KLF. Importantly, several of these (AP-1, NF-Y, and SP/KLF factors) have not been previously implicated as widespread regulators in the response to ROS. In summary, we have characterized genome-wide changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility in response to ROS treatment of MCF7 cells, and we have found that regulation of the large-scale transcriptional response to excess ROS is primarily constrained by the cell's pre-existing chromatin landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Sarah E Lacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Juan Palacios-Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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15
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Liang KH, Wang ML. Deep proteogenomic investigations elucidate the NRF2 antioxidant mechanism as a major driving mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma in Asia. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:766-771. [PMID: 34183593 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma is a global leading cause of death. Despite modern therapeutic interventions, undesirable outcomes such as drug resistances and disease recurrence still occur. Therefore, continued investigations of disease driving mechanisms and counteracting strategies are urgently needed. METHODS We re-visited two deep-proteogenomic resources of lung adenocarcinoma published recently. These resources were derived from patient cohorts with decent sizes in Taiwan and China. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. A heatmap was produced by the generalized association plot (GAP). RESULTS Among 189 common oncogenic pathways investigated, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) downstream antioxidant mechanism was uncovered for the first time the leading oncogenic mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma in Taiwan. The gene levels of NRF2 (also known as NFE2L2) is negatively correlated with those of KEAP1 (Pearson's correlation = -0.275, p = 0.009) in patients' tumor tissues. Furthermore, the protein levels of EIF2S2 and PGD are higher in patients with more advanced stages in the Taiwan cohort (p = 0.001 and 0.05, respectively), and are indicative of poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the China cohort (all Cox-regression p < 0.05). On the other hand, EPHX1 is higher in patients with earlier stages in Taiwan (p = 0.003), and are indicative of better PFS and OS in China (both Cox-regression p < 0.05). When the patients were stratified using the median protein abundances for Kaplan-Meier visualizations, patient strata with higher EIF2S2, PGD, and EPHX1 have significantly poorer PFS (log-rank p = 0.041); poorer OS (p = 0.006), and better PFS and OS (p = 0.001 and 0.030), respectively. CONCLUSION The NRF2 downstream antioxidant mechanism is one major driving mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma in Asia, and represents important directions for future therapeutic interventions. Major downstream proteins such as EIF2S2, PGD, and EPHX1 are indicative of cancer stages and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hao Liang
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Zolini AM, Block J, Rabaglino MB, Tríbulo P, Hoelker M, Rincon G, Bromfield JJ, Hansen PJ. Molecular fingerprint of female bovine embryos produced in vitro with high competence to establish and maintain pregnancy†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:292-305. [PMID: 31616926 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to identify the transcriptomic profile of in vitro-derived embryos with high competence to establish and maintain gestation. Embryos produced with X-sorted sperm were cultured from day 5 to day 7 in serum-free medium containing 10 ng/ml recombinant bovine colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) or vehicle. The CSF2 was administered because this molecule can increase blastocyst competence for survival after embryo transfer. Blastocysts were harvested on day 7 of culture and manually bisected. One demi-embryo from a single blastocyst was transferred into a synchronized recipient and the other half was used for RNA-seq analysis. Using P < 0.01 and a fold change >2-fold or <0.5 fold as cutoffs, there were 617 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between embryos that survived to day 30 of gestation vs those that did not, 470 DEG between embryos that survived to day 60 and those that did not, 432 DEG between embryos that maintained pregnancy from day 30 to day 60 vs those where pregnancy failed after day 30, and 635 DEG regulated by CSF2. Pathways and ontologies in which DEG were overrepresented included many related to cellular responses to stress and cell survival. It was concluded that gene expression in the blastocyst is different between embryos that are competent to establish and maintain pregnancy vs those that are not. The relationship between expression of genes related to cell stress and subsequent embryonic survival probably reflects cellular perturbations caused by embryonic development taking place in the artificial environment associated with cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zolini
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J Block
- Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - M B Rabaglino
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Quantitative Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P Tríbulo
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M Hoelker
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Rincon
- Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - J J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - P J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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17
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Amezian D, Nauen R, Le Goff G. Transcriptional regulation of xenobiotic detoxification genes in insects - An overview. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104822. [PMID: 33838715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods have well adapted to the vast array of chemicals they encounter in their environment. Whether these xenobiotics are plant allelochemicals or anthropogenic insecticides one of the strategies they have developed to defend themselves is the induction of detoxification enzymes. Although upregulation of detoxification enzymes and efflux transporters in response to specific inducers has been well described, in insects, yet, little is known on the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Over the past twenty years, an increasing number of studies with insects have used advanced genetic tools such as RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 and reporter gene assays to dissect the genomic grounds of their xenobiotic response and hence contributed substantially in improving our knowledge on the players involved. Xenobiotics are partly recognized by various "xenobiotic sensors" such as membrane-bound or nuclear receptors. This initiates a molecular reaction cascade ultimately leading to the translocation of a transcription factor to the nucleus that recognizes and binds to short sequences located upstream their target genes to activate transcription. To date, a number of signaling pathways were shown to mediate the upregulation of detoxification enzymes in arthropods and to play a role in either metabolic resistance to insecticides or host-plant adaptation. These include nuclear receptors AhR/ARNT and HR96, GPCRs, CncC and MAPK/CREB. Recent work reveals that upregulation and activation of some components of these pathways as well as polymorphism in the binding motifs of transcription factors are linked to insects' adaptive processes. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize and describe recent work that shed some light on the main regulatory routes of detoxification gene expression in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Amezian
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
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18
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Freeborn RA, Rockwell CE. The role of Nrf2 in autoimmunity and infectious disease: Therapeutic possibilities. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:61-110. [PMID: 34099113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a cytoprotective transcription factor which is involved in ameliorating oxidative stress and toxic insults. Recently, an immunomodulatory role for Nrf2 has gained appreciation as it has been shown to protect cells and hosts alike in a variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. However, Nrf2 utilizes numerous distinct pathways to elicit its immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the roles of Nrf2 in autoimmunity and infectious diseases with a goal of understanding the potential to therapeutically target Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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19
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Lephart ED, Naftolin F. Menopause and the Skin: Old Favorites and New Innovations in Cosmeceuticals for Estrogen-Deficient Skin. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:53-69. [PMID: 33242128 PMCID: PMC7859014 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a pivotal signaling molecule; its production is regulated by the expression of the aromatase (CYP19A1) gene from ovarian and peripheral tissue sites, and it is transmitted via estrogen receptors to influence many important biological functions. However, the narrative for this overview focuses on the decline of 17β-estradiol levels from ovarian sites after menopause. This estrogen-deficient condition is associated with a dramatic reduction in skin health and wellness by negatively impacting dermal cellular and homeostatic mechanisms, as well as other important biological functions. The changes include loss of collagen, elastin, fibroblast function, vascularity, and increased matrix metalloproteinase(s) enzymatic activities, resulting in cellular and extracellular degradation that leads to dryness, wrinkles, atrophy, impaired wound healing/barrier function, decreased antioxidant capacity [i.e., defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress], decreased attractiveness and psychological health, and increased perception of aging. While topical estrogen may reverse these changes, the effects of today's low-dose systemic hormone treatments are not well established, raising the need for more concentrated local administration of hormones or newer cosmeceutical agents such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including phytoestrogens that have become major active ingredients for skin care products, especially when addressing estrogen-deficient skin. Two example compounds are presented, an analog of resveratrol (i.e., 4'-acetoxy resveratrol) and the isoflavonoid equol, both of which are involved in a variety of biochemical/molecular actions and mechanisms, as demonstrated via in vitro and clinical studies that enhance human dermal health, especially in estrogen-deficient skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology, Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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20
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Zhang B, Binks T, Burke R. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Slimb/β-TrCP is required for normal copper homeostasis in Drosophila. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Myeloma Bone Disease and Possible Roles for NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186723. [PMID: 32937821 PMCID: PMC7555756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone lesions are one of the central features of multiple myeloma (MM) and lead to bone pain, fractures, decreased quality of life, and decreased survival. Dysfunction of the osteoclast (OC)/osteoblast (OB) axis plays a key role in the development of myeloma-associated osteolytic lesions. Many signaling pathways and factors are associated with myeloma bone diseases (MBDs), including the RANKL/OPG and NF-κB pathways. NRF2, a master regulator of inflammatory signaling, might play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism via anti-inflammatory signaling and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The loss of NRF2 expression in OCs reduced bone mass via the RANK/RANKL pathway and other downstream signaling pathways that affect osteoclastogenesis. The NRF2 level in OBs could interfere with interleukin (IL)-6 expression, which is associated with bone metabolism and myeloma cells. In addition to direct impact on OCs and OBs, the activity of NRF2 on myeloma cells and mesenchymal stromal cells influences the inflammatory stress/ROS level in these cells, which has an impact on OCs, OBs, and osteocytes. The interaction between these cells and OCs affects the osteoclastogenesis of myeloma bone lesions associated with NRF2. Therefore, we have reviewed the effects of NRF2 on OCs and OBs in MBDs.
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22
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Levings D, Shaw KE, Lacher SE. Genomic resources for dissecting the role of non-protein coding variation in gene-environment interactions. Toxicology 2020; 441:152505. [PMID: 32450112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The majority of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) identified in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) fall within non-protein coding DNA and have the potential to alter gene expression. Non-protein coding DNA can control gene expression by acting as transcription factor (TF) binding sites or by regulating the organization of DNA into chromatin. SNVs in non-coding DNA sequences can disrupt TF binding and chromatin structure and this can result in pathology. Further, environmental health studies have shown that exposure to xenobiotics can disrupt the ability of TFs to regulate entire gene networks and result in pathology. However, there is a large amount of interindividual variability in exposure-linked health outcomes. One explanation for this heterogeneity is that genetic variation and exposure combine to disrupt gene regulation, and this eventually manifests in disease. Many resources exist that annotate common variants from GWAS and combine them with conservation, functional genomics, and TF binding data. These annotation tools provide clues regarding the biological implications of an SNV, as well as lead to the generation of hypotheses regarding potentially disrupted target genes, epigenetic markers, pathways, and cell types. Collectively this information can be used to predict how SNVs can alter an individual's response to exposure and disease risk. A basic understanding of the regulatory information contained within non-protein coding DNA is needed to predict the biological consequences of SNVs, and to determine how these SNVs impact exposure-related disease. We hope that this review will aid in the characterization of disease-associated genetic variation in the non-protein coding genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Kirsten E Shaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Sarah E Lacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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23
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Luan X, Yan Y, Zheng Q, Wang M, Chen W, Yu J, Fang J. Excessive reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis via the APPL1-Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signalling pathway in trophoblasts with missed abortion. Life Sci 2020; 254:117781. [PMID: 32407842 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress is related to the pathogenesis of missed abortion (MA), but the specific mechanism remains obscure. The adaptor protein APPL1 is one of the differential proteins in chorionic trophoblasts. Thus, this study aimed to assess the potential influence of APPL1 on oxidative stress responses as well the possible molecular mechanisms involving in MA. MAIN METHODS In the present study, the chorionic trophoblasts and the HTR-8/SVneo cell line were researched in vitro. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to suppress the expression of APPL1. The fluorescent probes DHE and DCFH-DA were used to assess the intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry. Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8. Protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. KEY FINDINGS The application of oxidant in normal chorionic trophoblasts induced cell death and overproduction of ROS, which was consistent with MA. In addition, knockdown of APPL1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells resulted in increased ROS and apoptosis, which could be rescued by pretreatment with antioxidants. Mechanistically, we report that overproduction of ROS in trophoblasts and disturbed SOD, APPL1 and Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant responses constitute important contributors to apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that APPL1 has antioxidant properties that suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively restored the impaired antioxidative defense system elicited by excess ROS, as a potential therapeutic reagent for MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Luan
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Yidan Yan
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Wanyin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.
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Guo Z, Mo Z. Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling pathway in angiogenesis and vascular diseases. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:869-883. [PMID: 32336035 DOI: 10.1002/term.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
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Chen L, Zhang T, Ge M, Liu Y, Xing Y, Liu L, Li F, Cheng L. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway: A secret weapon against pesticide persecution in Drosophila Kc cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:47-57. [PMID: 32284136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2-Keap1 pathway defends organisms against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, and play pivotal roles in preventing xenobiotic-related toxicity. We designed experiments to explore and verify its role and function under deltamethrin (DM) stress. In experiments, DM was selected as the inducer, and Drosophila Kc cells were treated as the objects. The result showed the oxidative stress of cells proliferated in a very short time after DM treatment, reaching the maximum after one hour of treatment. The experimental data showed Nrf2 could be up-regulated and activated by DM which were manifested by the increase of Nrf2 mRNA, Nrf2 protein in the nucleus and the expression of detoxification enzyme genes. We further tested the activity of all groups, and found the survival rate of cells was basically proportional to the expression of Nrf2. Based on the above experimental results, Keap1 overexpression (K+), Nrf2 overexpression (N+) or interference (N-) cells were used to verified the relationship between Nrf2, cell survival and detoxification enzymes expression. We found the cell survival rate of N+ group was significantly higher than that of other groups and the expression of detoxification enzymes were increased compared to the control group. These results demonstrated that Nrf2 is related to cell detoxification and associated with the tolerance to DM. Our evidence suggested Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic target for oxidative stress and a potential molecular target gene of resistance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengying Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuping Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fengliang Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Luogen Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Mills MG, Ramsden R, Ma EY, Corrales J, Kristofco LA, Steele WB, Saari GN, Melnikov F, Kostal J, Kavanagh TJ, Zimmerman JB, Voutchkova-Kostal AM, Brooks BW, Coish P, Anastas PT, Gallagher E. CRISPR-Generated Nrf2a Loss- and Gain-of-Function Mutants Facilitate Mechanistic Analysis of Chemical Oxidative Stress-Mediated Toxicity in Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:426-435. [PMID: 31858786 PMCID: PMC7749997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2a induces a cellular antioxidant response and provides protection against chemical-induced oxidative stress, as well as playing a critical role in development and disease. Zebrafish are a powerful model to study the role of Nrf2a in these processes but have been limited by reliance on transient gene knockdown techniques or mutants with only partial functional alteration. We developed several lines of zebrafish carrying different null (loss of function, LOF) or hyperactive (gain of function, GOF) mutations to facilitate our understanding of the Nrf2a pathway in protecting against oxidative stress. The mutants confirmed Nrf2a dependence for induction of the antioxidant genes gclc, gstp, prdx1, and gpx1a and identified a role for Nrf2a in the baseline expression of these genes, as well as for sod1. Specifically, the 4-fold induction of gstp by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) in wild type fish was abolished in LOF mutants. In addition, baseline gstp expression in GOF mutants increased by 12.6-fold and in LOF mutants was 0.8-fold relative to wild type. Nrf2a LOF mutants showed increased sensitivity to the acute toxicity of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and tBHP throughout the first 4 days of development. Conversely, GOF mutants were less sensitive to CHP toxicity during the first 4 days of development and were protected against the toxicity of both hydroperoxides after 4 dpf. Neither gain nor loss of Nrf2a modulated the toxicity of R-(-)-carvone (CAR), despite the ability of this compound to potently induce Nrf2a-dependent antioxidant genes. Similar to other species, GOF zebrafish mutants exhibited significant growth and survival defects. In summary, these new genetic tools can be used to facilitate the identification of downstream gene targets of Nrf2a, better define the role of Nrf2a in the toxicity of environmental chemicals, and further the study of diseases involving altered Nrf2a function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G. Mills
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Richard Ramsden
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Eva Y. Ma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Baylor Sciences Building, One Bear Place #97266, Waco Texas 76798, United States
| | - Lauren A. Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Baylor Sciences Building, One Bear Place #97266, Waco Texas 76798, United States
| | - W. Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Baylor Sciences Building, One Bear Place #97266, Waco Texas 76798, United States
| | - Gavin N. Saari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Baylor Sciences Building, One Bear Place #97266, Waco Texas 76798, United States
| | - Fjodor Melnikov
- School of Forestry and Environmental Science, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jakub Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, Suite 4000, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Terrance J. Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Julie B. Zimmerman
- School of Forestry and Environmental Science, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, PO Box 208292, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Adelina M. Voutchkova-Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, Suite 4000, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Baylor Sciences Building, One Bear Place #97266, Waco Texas 76798, United States
| | - Philip Coish
- School of Forestry and Environmental Science, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Paul T. Anastas
- School of Forestry and Environmental Science, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- School of Public Health, Yale University, PO Box 208034, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Evan Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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Up-Regulation of Superoxide Dismutase 2 in 3D Spheroid Formation Promotes Therapeutic Potency of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010066. [PMID: 31940867 PMCID: PMC7023074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) are accessible, available in abundance, and have been shown to be a promising source that can regenerate cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis or other orthopedic diseases. Recently, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system was developed to mimic the naive tissue microenvironment. However, the efficacy of cells generated from the 3D spheroid culture system has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate the changes in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, an indicator of oxidative stress, on 3D spheroid MSCs. Moreover, siRNA transfection and neutralizing antibody investigations were performed to confirm the function of SOD2 and E-cadherin. Overall, we found that SOD2 siRNA transfection in the spheroid form of MSCs increases the expression of apoptotic genes and decreases the clearance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, we confirm that 3D spheroid formation increases E-cadherin and SOD2 expression, ultimately regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/pAkt/pNrf2 and pERK/pNrf2 signaling pathway. Additionally, we show that SOD2 expression on 3D spheroid MSCs affects the regeneration rates of destructive cartilage in an osteoarthritic model. We postulate that the impact of SOD2 expression on 3D spheroid MSCs reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis, and also promotes cartilage regeneration.
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New Insights into the Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis and Its Application in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3214196. [PMID: 31827672 PMCID: PMC6885770 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3214196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the most common pediatric diseases in clinical practice. Their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are thus worthy of further investigation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling axis is a multiple organ protection chain that protects against oxidative stress injury. This signaling axis regulates anti-inflammation and antioxidation by regulating calcium ions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. This review presents an overview of the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis in the pathogenesis of pediatric respiratory diseases and the latest research progress on this subject. Overall, the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis has an important clinical value in pediatric respiratory diseases, and its protective effect needs further exploration.
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Wang XW, Tian RM, Yang YQ, Lu ZY, Han XD, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu P, Xu HT, Liu B. Triptriolide antagonizes triptolide-induced nephrocyte apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109232. [PMID: 31369987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide(T9) is a predominant bioactive component extracted from Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), and has multiple pharmacological activities, such as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities, et al. However, severe adverse effects and toxicity, particularly nephrotoxicity, limit its clinical application. It has been demonstrated that the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway could alleviate T9-induced nephrocyte damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of triptriolide (T11) against T9-induced nephrocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Renal injury models were established in human kidney 2 (HK2) cells and BALB/c mice using T9, and the protective effects of T11 were probed in vitro and in vivo, respectively. T9 induced nephrocyte damage in HK2 cells and BALB/c mice by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which resulted in the apoptosis of nephrocyte and injury of renal function. While, pretreatment of T11 effectively reversed these changes, resulting in the obvious decrease of oxidative stress and renal function parameters, ameliorated nephrocyte apoptosis, improved cell morphology, and higher increase of Nrf2, NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein levels in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, T11 protected against T9-induced nephrocyte apoptosis possibly via suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Rui-Min Tian
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Qi Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, PR China.
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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30
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Tsakiri EN, Gumeni S, Iliaki KK, Benaki D, Vougas K, Sykiotis GP, Gorgoulis VG, Mikros E, Scorrano L, Trougakos IP. Hyperactivation of Nrf2 increases stress tolerance at the cost of aging acceleration due to metabolic deregulation. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12845. [PMID: 30537423 PMCID: PMC6351879 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoans viability depends on their ability to regulate metabolic processes and also to respond to harmful challenges by mounting anti‐stress responses; these adaptations were fundamental forces during evolution. Central to anti‐stress responses are a number of short‐lived transcription factors that by functioning as stress sensors mobilize genomic responses aiming to eliminate stressors. We show here that increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (Nrf2) in Drosophila activated cytoprotective modules and enhanced stress tolerance. However, while mild Nrf2 activation extended lifespan, high Nrf2 expression levels resulted in developmental lethality or, after inducible activation in adult flies, in altered mitochondrial bioenergetics, the appearance of Diabetes Type 1 hallmarks and aging acceleration. Genetic or dietary suppression of Insulin/IGF‐like signaling (IIS) titrated Nrf2 activity to lower levels, largely normalized metabolic pathways signaling, and extended flies’ lifespan. Thus, prolonged stress signaling by otherwise cytoprotective short‐lived stress sensors perturbs IIS resulting in re‐allocation of resources from growth and longevity to somatic preservation and stress tolerance. These findings provide a reasonable explanation of why most (if not all) cytoprotective stress sensors are short‐lived proteins, and it also explains the build‐in negative feedback loops (shown here for Nrf2); the low basal levels of these proteins, and why their suppressors were favored by evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni N. Tsakiri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics Faculty of Biology National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics Faculty of Biology National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Kalliopi K. Iliaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics Faculty of Biology National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dimitra Benaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens Athens Greece
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Dulbecco‐Telethon Institute University of Padua Padova Italy
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics Faculty of Biology National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
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31
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Rajappa R, Sireesh D, Salai MB, Ramkumar KM, Sarvajayakesavulu S, Madhunapantula SV. Treatment With Naringenin Elevates the Activity of Transcription Factor Nrf2 to Protect Pancreatic β-Cells From Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1562. [PMID: 30745874 PMCID: PMC6360183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and unusually high oxidative stress are the key contributors for diabetes in humans. Since nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the expression of antioxidant- and detoxification genes, it is hypothesized that targeted activation of Nrf2 using phytochemicals is likely to protect pancreatic β-cells, from oxidative damage, thereby mitigates the complications of diabetes. Naringenin is one such activator of Nrf2. However, it is currently not known whether the protective effect of naringenin against streptozotocin (STZ) induced damage is mediated by Nrf2 activation. Hence, the potential of naringenin to activate Nrf2 and protect pancreatic β-cells from STZ-induced damage in MIN6 cells is studied. In MIN6 cells, naringenin could activate Nrf2 and its target genes GST and NQO1, thereby inhibit cellular apoptosis. In animals, administration of 50 mg/kg body weight naringenin, for 45 days, significantly decreased STZ-induced blood glucose levels, normalized the lipid profile, and augmented the levels of antioxidants in pancreatic tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis measuring the number of insulin-positive cells in pancreas showed restoration of insulin expression similar to control animals. Furthermore, naringenin promoted glycolysis while inhibiting gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, naringenin could be a good anti-diabetic agent, which works by promoting Nrf2 levels and by decreasing cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rajappa
- Department of Water & Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Magesh B Salai
- Department of Water & Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | | | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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32
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Lighthouse JK, Burke RM, Velasquez LS, Dirkx RA, Aiezza A, Moravec CS, Alexis JD, Rosenberg A, Small EM. Exercise promotes a cardioprotective gene program in resident cardiac fibroblasts. JCI Insight 2019; 4:92098. [PMID: 30626739 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and heart disease both induce cardiac remodeling, but only disease causes fibrosis and compromises heart function. The cardioprotective benefits of exercise have been attributed to changes in cardiomyocyte physiology, but the impact of exercise on cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) is unknown. Here, RNA-sequencing reveals rapid divergence of CF transcriptional programs during exercise and disease. Among the differentially expressed programs, NRF2-dependent antioxidant genes - including metallothioneins (Mt1 and Mt2) - are induced in CFs during exercise and suppressed by TGF-β/p38 signaling in disease. In vivo, mice lacking Mt1/2 exhibit signs of cardiac dysfunction in exercise, including cardiac fibrosis, vascular rarefaction, and functional decline. Mechanistically, exogenous MTs derived from fibroblasts are taken up by cultured cardiomyocytes, reducing oxidative damage-dependent cell death. Importantly, suppression of MT expression is conserved in human heart failure. Taken together, this study defines the acute transcriptional response of CFs to exercise and disease and reveals a cardioprotective mechanism that is lost in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Lighthouse
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ryan M Burke
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lissette S Velasquez
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ronald A Dirkx
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alessandro Aiezza
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Rosenberg
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Research, and
| | - Eric M Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that coordinates the basal and stress-inducible activation of a vast array of cytoprotective genes. Understanding the regulation of Nrf2 activity and downstream pathways has major implications for human health. Recent Advances: Nrf2 regulates the transcription of components of the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems, as well as enzymes involved in phase I and phase II detoxification of exogenous and endogenous products, NADPH regeneration, and heme metabolism. It therefore represents a crucial regulator of the cellular defense mechanisms against xenobiotic and oxidative stress. In addition to antioxidant responses, Nrf2 is involved in other cellular processes, such as autophagy, intermediary metabolism, stem cell quiescence, and unfolded protein response. Given the wide range of processes that Nrf2 controls, its activity is tightly regulated at multiple levels. Here, we review the different modes of regulation of Nrf2 activity and the current knowledge of Nrf2-mediated transcriptional control. CRITICAL ISSUES It is now clear that Nrf2 lies at the center of a complex regulatory network. A full comprehension of the Nrf2 program will require an integrated consideration of all the different factors determining Nrf2 activity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional computational and experimental studies are needed to obtain a more dynamic global view of Nrf2-mediated gene regulation. In particular, studies comparing how the Nrf2-dependent network changes from a physiological to a pathological condition can provide insight into mechanisms of disease and instruct new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonelli
- 1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | | | - David A Tuveson
- 1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,2 Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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Yang L, Zhang S, Wang G. Keratin 17 in disease pathogenesis: from cancer to dermatoses. J Pathol 2018; 247:158-165. [PMID: 30306595 DOI: 10.1002/path.5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 17 (K17) is a type I intermediate filament mainly expressed in the basal cells of epithelia. As a multifaceted cytoskeletal protein, K17 regulates a myriad of biological processes, including cell proliferation and growth, skin inflammation and hair follicle cycling. Aberrant overexpression of K17 is found in various diseases ranging from psoriasis to malignancies such as breast, cervical, oral squamous and gastric carcinomas. Moreover, genetic mutation in KRT17 is related to tissue-specific diseases, represented by steatocystoma multiplex and pachyonychia congenita. In this review, we summarize our findings concerning the regulatory mechanisms of K17 overexpression in psoriasis and compare them to the literature relating to other diseases. We discuss data that proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-22, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and transcription factors glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1/2 (Gli1/2), Nrf2 and p53 can regulate K17 by transcriptional and translational control. Moreover, post-translational modification, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, is involved in the regulation of K17 stability and biological functions. We therefore review the current understanding of the K17 regulatory mechanism and its pathogenic role in diseases from dermatoses to cancer. Prospects for anti-K17 therapy in diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment are also discussed. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR, China
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35
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Anacardium microcarpum Promotes Neuroprotection Dependently of AKT and ERK Phosphorylation but Does Not Prevent Mitochondrial Damage by 6-OHDA. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2131895. [PMID: 30510616 PMCID: PMC6231360 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2131895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative and progressive illness characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a widespread model for induction of molecular and behavioral alterations similar to Parkinson and has contributed for testing of compounds with neuroprotective potential. The Brazilian plant Anacardium microcarpum is used in folk medicine for treatment of several illnesses; however, the knowledge about toxicology and biological effects for this plant is very rare. The neuroprotective effect from hydroalcoholic extract and methanolic and acetate fraction of A. microcarpum on 6-OHDA-induced damage on chicken brain slices was investigated in this study. 6-OHDA decreased cellular viability measured by MTT reduction assay, induced lipid peroxidation by HPLC, stimulated Glutathione-S-Transferase and Thioredoxin Reductase activity, and decreased Glutathione Peroxidase activity and the total content of thiols containing compounds. The methanolic fraction of A. microcarpum presented the better neuroprotective effects in 6-OHDA-induced damage in relation with hydroalcoholic and acetate fraction. The presence of AKT and ERK1/2 pharmacological inhibitors blocked the protective effect of methanolic fraction suggesting the involvement of survival pathways in the neuroprotection by the plant. The plant did not prevent 6-OHDA autoxidation or 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the neuroprotective effect of the methanolic fraction of A. microcarpum appears to be attributed in part to chelating properties of extract toward reactive species and is dependent on ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. This study contributes to the understanding of biochemical mechanisms implied in neuroprotective effects of the vegetal species A. microcarpum.
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Tan QY, Hu Q, Zhu SN, Jia LL, Xiao J, Su HZ, Huang SY, Zhang J, Jin J. Licorice root extract and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate protect against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity via up-regulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1213-1223. [PMID: 29791258 PMCID: PMC6058668 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1472676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, the predominant biologically active component of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-neoplastic, and immunosuppressive effects. However, toxicity and severe adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity, limit the clinical application of triptolide. Licorice root extract contains various bioactive compounds and is potent hepatoprotective. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate, a magnesium salt of the 18α-glycyrrhizic acid stereoisomer of glycyrrhizic acid, is used clinically in China to treat chronic viral hepatitis and acute drug-induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in the protective effects of LE and MIG against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity models were established in L-02 cells and rats using triptolide, and the protective effects of LE and MIG were investigated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. LE and MIG significantly protected against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, triptolide decreased the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and down-regulated Nrf2 target genes, including UGT1A, BSEP, and MRP2, while pretreatment with LE and MIG reversed these effects. Finally, Nrf2-involved antioxidant responses were activated in the presence of LE and MIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-You Tan
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Qian Hu
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhu
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Jia
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Juan Xiao
- b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Hua-Zhen Su
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Shao-Yuan Huang
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Junfei Jin
- b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,d Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
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Levings DC, Wang X, Kohlhase D, Bell DA, Slattery M. A distinct class of antioxidant response elements is consistently activated in tumors with NRF2 mutations. Redox Biol 2018; 19:235-249. [PMID: 30195190 PMCID: PMC6128101 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 is a redox-responsive transcription factor that regulates expression of cytoprotective genes via its interaction with DNA sequences known as antioxidant response elements (AREs). NRF2 activity is induced by oxidative stress, but oxidative stress is not the only context in which NRF2 can be activated. Mutations that disrupt the interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1, an inhibitor of NRF2, lead to NRF2 hyperactivation and promote oncogenesis. The mechanisms underlying NRF2's oncogenic properties remain unclear, but likely involve aberrant expression of select NRF2 target genes. We tested this possibility using an integrative genomics approach to get a precise view of the direct NRF2 target genes dysregulated in tumors with NRF2 hyperactivating mutations. This approach revealed a core set of 32 direct NRF2 targets that are consistently upregulated in NRF2 hyperactivated tumors. This set of NRF2 "cancer target genes" includes canonical redox-related NRF2 targets, as well as target genes that have not been previously linked to NRF2 activation. Importantly, NRF2-driven upregulation of this gene set is largely independent of the organ system where the tumor developed. One key distinguishing feature of these NRF2 cancer target genes is that they are regulated by high affinity AREs that fall within genomic regions possessing a ubiquitously permissive chromatin signature. This implies that these NRF2 cancer target genes are responsive to oncogenic NRF2 in most tissues because they lack the regulatory constraints that restrict expression of most other NRF2 target genes. This NRF2 cancer target gene set also serves as a reliable proxy for NRF2 activity, and high NRF2 activity is associated with significant decreases in survival in multiple cancer types. Overall, the pervasive upregulation of these NRF2 cancer targets across multiple cancers, and their association with negative outcomes, suggests that these will be central to dissecting the functional implications of NRF2 hyperactivation in several cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Xuting Wang
- Environmental Epigenomics and Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Derek Kohlhase
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Douglas A Bell
- Environmental Epigenomics and Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Lacher SE, Levings DC, Freeman S, Slattery M. Identification of a functional antioxidant response element at the HIF1A locus. Redox Biol 2018; 19:401-411. [PMID: 30241031 PMCID: PMC6146589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a byproduct of oxidative metabolism, serve as signaling molecules in a number of physiological settings. However, if their levels are not tightly maintained, excess ROS lead to potentially cytotoxic oxidative stress. Accordingly, several transcriptional regulatory networks have evolved to include components that are highly ROS-responsive. Depending on the context, these regulatory networks can leverage ROS to respond to nutrient conditions, metabolism, or other physiological signals, or to respond to oxidative stress. However, ROS signaling is complex, so regulatory interactions between various ROS-responsive transcription factors are still being mapped out. Here we show that the transcription factor NRF2, a key regulator of the adaptive response to oxidative stress, directly regulates expression of HIF1A, which encodes HIF1α, a key transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. We used an integrative genomics approach to identify HIF1A as a ROS-responsive transcript and we found an NRF2-bound antioxidant response element (ARE) approximately 30 kilobases upstream of HIF1A. This ARE sequence is deeply conserved, and we verified that it is directly bound and activated by NRF2. In addition, we found that HIF1A is upregulated in breast and bladder tumors with high NRF2 activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NRF2 targets a functional ARE at the HIF1A locus, and reveal a direct regulatory connection between two important oxygen responsive transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1035 University Drive, SMed 255, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Daniel C Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1035 University Drive, SMed 255, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Samuel Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1035 University Drive, SMed 255, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1035 University Drive, SMed 255, Duluth, MN 55812, United States.
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39
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Castellana S, Mazza T, Capocefalo D, Genov N, Biagini T, Fusilli C, Scholkmann F, Relógio A, Hogenesch JB, Mazzoccoli G. Systematic Analysis of Mouse Genome Reveals Distinct Evolutionary and Functional Properties Among Circadian and Ultradian Genes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1178. [PMID: 30190679 PMCID: PMC6115496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, biological clocks regulate 24 h (circadian) molecular, physiological, and behavioral rhythms to maintain homeostasis and synchrony with predictable environmental changes, in particular with those induced by Earth’s rotation on its axis. Harmonics of these circadian rhythms having periods of 8 and 12 h (ultradian) have been documented in several species. In mouse liver, harmonics of the 24-h period of gene transcription hallmarked genes oscillating with a frequency two or three times faster than circadian periodicity. Many of these harmonic transcripts enriched pathways regulating responses to environmental stress and coinciding preferentially with subjective dawn and dusk. At this time, the evolutionary history of genes with rhythmic expression is still poorly known and the role of length-of-day changes due to Earth’s rotation speed decrease over the last four billion years is totally ignored. We hypothesized that ultradian and stress anticipatory genes would be more evolutionarily conserved than circadian genes and background non-oscillating genes. To investigate this issue, we performed broad computational analyses of genes/proteins oscillating at different frequency ranges across several species and showed that ultradian genes/proteins, especially those oscillating with a 12-h periodicity, are more likely to be of ancient origin and essential in mice. In summary, our results show that genes with ultradian transcriptional patterns are more likely to be phylogenetically conserved and associated with the primeval and inevitable dawn/dusk transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Nikolai Genov
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Research Office for Complex Physical and Biological Systems (ROCoS), Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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40
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Timme-Laragy AR, Hahn ME, Hansen JM, Rastogi A, Roy MA. Redox stress and signaling during vertebrate embryonic development: Regulation and responses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:17-28. [PMID: 28927759 PMCID: PMC5650060 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate embryonic development requires specific signaling events that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation to occur at the correct place and the correct time in order to build a healthy embryo. Signaling pathways are sensitive to perturbations of the endogenous redox state, and are also susceptible to modulation by reactive species and antioxidant defenses, contributing to a spectrum of passive vs. active effects that can affect redox signaling and redox stress. Here we take a multi-level, integrative approach to discuss the importance of redox status for vertebrate developmental signaling pathways and cell fate decisions, with a focus on glutathione/glutathione disulfide, thioredoxin, and cysteine/cystine redox potentials and the implications for protein function in development. We present a tissue-specific example of the important role that reactive species play in pancreatic development and metabolic regulation. We discuss NFE2L2 (also known as NRF2) and related proteins, their roles in redox signaling, and their regulation of glutathione during development. Finally, we provide examples of xenobiotic compounds that disrupt redox signaling in the context of vertebrate embryonic development. Collectively, this review provides a systems-level perspective on the innate and inducible antioxidant defenses, as well as their roles in maintaining redox balance during chemical exposures that occur in critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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41
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Bianchi M, Crinelli R, Arbore V, Magnani M. Induction of ubiquitin C ( UBC) gene transcription is mediated by HSF1: role of proteotoxic and oxidative stress. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1471-1485. [PMID: 30186748 PMCID: PMC6120222 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyubiquitin gene ubiquitin C (UBC) is considered a stress protective gene and is upregulated under various stressful conditions, which is probably a consequence of an increased demand for ubiquitin in order to remove toxic misfolded proteins. We previously identified heat shock elements (HSEs) within the UBC promoter, which are responsible for heat shock factor (HSF)1‐driven induction of the UBC gene and are activated by proteotoxic stress. Here, we determined the molecular players driving the UBC gene transcriptional response to arsenite treatment, mainly addressing the role of the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐mediated antioxidant pathway. Exposure of HeLa cells to arsenite caused a time‐dependent increase of UBCmRNA, while cell viability and proteasome activity were not affected. Nuclear accumulation of HSF1 and Nrf2 transcription factors was detected upon both arsenite and MG132 treatment, while HSF2 nuclear levels increased in MG132‐treated cells. Notably, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Nrf2 did not reduce UBC transcription under either basal or stressful conditions, but significantly impaired the constitutive and inducible expression of well‐known antioxidant response element‐dependent genes. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay consistently failed to detect Nrf2 binding to the UBC promoter sequence. By contrast, depletion of HSF1, but not HSF2, significantly compromised stress‐induced UBC expression. Critically, HSF1‐mediated UBC trans‐activation upon arsenite exposure relies on transcription factor binding to previously mapped distal HSEs, as demonstrated to occur under proteasome inhibition. These data highlight HSF1 as the pivotal transcription factor that translates different stress signals into UBC gene transcriptional induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
| | - Vanessa Arbore
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo' Italy
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42
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Carroll CB, Wyse RKH. Simvastatin as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Rationale for Clinical Trial, and Current Progress. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:545-568. [PMID: 29036837 PMCID: PMC5676977 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many now believe the holy grail for the next stage of therapeutic advance surrounds the development of disease-modifying approaches aimed at intercepting the year-on-year neurodegenerative decline experienced by most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on recommendations of an international committee of experts who are currently bringing multiple, potentially disease-modifying, PD therapeutics into long-term neuroprotective PD trials, a clinical trial involving 198 patients is underway to determine whether Simvastatin provides protection against chronic neurodegeneration. Statins are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk, and act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. It is also known that statins serve as ligands for PPARα, a known arbiter for mitochondrial size and number. Statins possess multiple cholesterol-independent biochemical mechanisms of action, many of which offer neuroprotective potential (suppression of proinflammatory molecules & microglial activation, stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inhibition of oxidative stress, attenuation of α-synuclein aggregation, modulation of adaptive immunity, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors). We describe the biochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical credentials that continue to underpin the rationale for taking Simvastatin into a disease-modifying trial in PD patients. While unrelated to the Simvastatin trial (because this conducted in patients who already have PD), we discuss conflicting epidemiological studies which variously suggest that statin use for cardiovascular prophylaxis may increase or decrease risk of developing PD. Finally, since so few disease-modifying PD trials have ever been launched (compared to those of symptomatic therapies), we discuss the rationale of the trial structure we have adopted, decisions made, and lessons learnt so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille B Carroll
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
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43
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Wilding CS. Regulating resistance: CncC:Maf, antioxidant response elements and the overexpression of detoxification genes in insecticide resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:89-96. [PMID: 30025640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although genetic and genomic tools have greatly furthered our understanding of resistance-associated mutations in molecular target sites of insecticides, the genomic basis of transcriptional regulation of detoxification loci in insect pests and vectors remains relatively unexplored. Recent work using RNAi, reporter assays and comparative genomics are beginning to reveal the molecular architecture of this response, identifying critical transcription factors and their binding sites. Central to this is the insect ortholog of the mammalian transcription factor Nrf2, Cap 'n' Collar isoform-C (CncC) which as a heterodimer with Maf-S regulates the transcription of phase I, II and III detoxification loci in a range of insects, with CncC knockdown or upregulation directly affecting phenotypic resistance. CncC:Maf binds to specific antioxidant response element sequences upstream of detoxification genes to initiate transcription. Recent work is now identifying these binding sites for resistance-associated loci and, coupled with genome sequence data and reporter assays, enabling identification of polymorphisms in the CncC:Maf binding site which regulate the insecticide resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Wilding
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Nault R, Doskey CM, Fader KA, Rockwell CE, Zacharewski T. Comparison of Hepatic NRF2 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Binding in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin-Treated Mice Demonstrates NRF2-Independent PKM2 Induction. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:876-884. [PMID: 29752288 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic oxidative stress following activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Our recent studies showed TCDD induced pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (Pkm2) as a novel antioxidant response in normal differentiated hepatocytes. To investigate cooperative regulation between nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 (Nrf2) and the AhR in the induction of Pkm2, hepatic chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses were integrated with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) time-course data from mice treated with TCDD for 2-168 hours. ChIP-seq analysis 2 hours after TCDD treatment identified genome-wide NRF2 enrichment. Approximately 842 NRF2-enriched regions were located in the regulatory region of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whereas 579 DEGs showed both NRF2 and AhR enrichment. Sequence analysis of regions with overlapping NRF2 and AhR enrichment showed over-representation of either antioxidant or dioxin response elements, although 18 possessed both motifs. NRF2 exhibited negligible enrichment within a closed Pkm chromatin region, whereas the AhR was enriched 29-fold. Furthermore, TCDD induced Pkm2 in primary hepatocytes from wild-type and Nrf2-null mice, indicating NRF2 is not required. Although NRF2 and AhR cooperate to regulate numerous antioxidant gene expression responses, the induction of Pkm2 by TCDD is independent of reactive oxygen species-mediated NRF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rance Nault
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., T.Z.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.E.R.) and Institute for Integrative Toxicology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., C.E.R., T.Z.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., T.Z.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.E.R.) and Institute for Integrative Toxicology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., C.E.R., T.Z.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., T.Z.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.E.R.) and Institute for Integrative Toxicology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., C.E.R., T.Z.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., T.Z.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.E.R.) and Institute for Integrative Toxicology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., C.E.R., T.Z.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Tim Zacharewski
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., T.Z.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (C.E.R.) and Institute for Integrative Toxicology (R.N., C.M.D., K.A.F., C.E.R., T.Z.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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45
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Bottino-Rojas V, Talyuli OAC, Carrara L, Martins AJ, James AA, Oliveira PL, Paiva-Silva GO. The redox-sensing gene Nrf2 affects intestinal homeostasis, insecticide resistance, and Zika virus susceptibility in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9053-9063. [PMID: 29685890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are extensively regulated to ensure proper cellular responses to various environmental stimuli and stresses. Moreover, physiologically generated ROS function as secondary messengers that can influence tissue homeostasis. The cap'n'collar transcription factor known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional activation pathway that mediates antioxidant and detoxification responses in many animal species, including insects and mammals. Here, we show that Nrf2-mediated signaling affects embryo survival, midgut homeostasis, and redox biology in Aedes aegypti, a mosquito species vector of dengue, Zika, and other disease-causing viruses. We observed that AeNrf2 silencing increases ROS levels and stimulates intestinal stem cell proliferation. Because ROS production is a major aspect of innate immunity in mosquito gut, we found that a decrease in Nrf2 signaling results in reduced microbiota growth and Zika virus infection. Moreover, we provide evidence that AeNrf2 signaling also controls transcriptional adaptation of A. aegypti to insecticide challenge. Therefore, we conclude that Nrf2-mediated response regulates assorted gene clusters in A. aegypti that determine cellular and midgut redox balance, affecting overall xenobiotic resistance and vectorial adaptation of the mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bottino-Rojas
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Octavio A C Talyuli
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Luana Carrara
- Laficave, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ademir J Martins
- Laficave, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and
| | - Anthony A James
- the Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil.,the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and
| | - Gabriela O Paiva-Silva
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil, .,the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and
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Equol’s Anti-Aging Effects Protect against Environmental Assaults by Increasing Skin Antioxidant Defense and ECM Proteins While Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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A hypermorphic antioxidant response element is associated with increased MS4A6A expression and Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2017; 14:686-693. [PMID: 29179108 PMCID: PMC5705802 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder, with AD risk influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci associated with increased risk of developing AD. The MS4A (membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A) gene cluster is one of the most significant loci associated with AD risk, and MS4A6A expression is correlated with AD pathology. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs667897, at the MS4A locus that creates an antioxidant response element and links MS4A6A expression to the stress responsive Cap-n-Collar (CNC) transcription factors NRF1 (encoded by NFE2L1) and NRF2 (encoded by NFE2L2). The risk allele of rs667897 generates a strong CNC binding sequence that is activated by proteostatic stress in an NRF1-dependent manner, and is associated with increased expression of the gene MS4A6A. Together, these findings suggest that the cytoprotective CNC regulatory network aberrantly activates MS4A6A expression and increases AD risk in a subset of the population.
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Yang L, Fan X, Cui T, Dang E, Wang G. Nrf2 Promotes Keratinocyte Proliferation in Psoriasis through Up-Regulation of Keratin 6, Keratin 16, and Keratin 17. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2168-2176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vivarini ÁDC, Calegari-Silva TC, Saliba AM, Boaventura VS, França-Costa J, Khouri R, Dierckx T, Dias-Teixeira KL, Fasel N, Barral AMP, Borges VM, Van Weyenbergh J, Lopes UG. Systems Approach Reveals Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Protein Kinase R Crosstalk in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1127. [PMID: 28959260 PMCID: PMC5605755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites infect macrophages, causing a wide spectrum of human diseases, from cutaneous to visceral forms. In search of novel therapeutic targets, we performed comprehensive in vitro and ex vivo mapping of the signaling pathways upstream and downstream of antioxidant transcription factor [nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)] in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), by combining functional assays in human and murine macrophages with a systems biology analysis of in situ (skin biopsies) CL patient samples. First, we show the PKR pathway controls the expression and activation of Nrf2 in Leishmania amazonensis infection in vitro. Nrf2 activation also required PI3K/Akt signaling and autophagy mechanisms. Nrf2- or PKR/Akt-deficient macrophages exhibited increased levels of ROS/RNS and reduced expression of Sod1 Nrf2-dependent gene and reduced parasite load. L. amazonensis counteracted the Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1 through the upregulation of p62 via PKR. This Nrf2/Keap1 observation was confirmed in situ in skin biopsies from Leishmania-infected patients. Next, we explored the ex vivo transcriptome in CL patients, as compared to healthy controls. We found the antioxidant response element/Nrf2 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in CL, including downstream target p62. In silico enrichment analysis confirmed upstream signaling by interferon and PI3K/Akt, and validated our in vitro findings. Our integrated in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico approach establish Nrf2 as a central player in human cutaneous leishmaniasis and reveal Nrf2/PKR crosstalk and PI3K/Akt pathways as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áislan de Carvalho Vivarini
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Calegari-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mattos Saliba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology - FCM/UERJ, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane Sampaio Boaventura
- Integrated Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunoregulation, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline França-Costa
- Integrated Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunoregulation, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Integrated Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunoregulation, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tim Dierckx
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karina Luiza Dias-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aldina Maria Prado Barral
- Integrated Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunoregulation, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valéria Matos Borges
- Integrated Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunoregulation, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulisses Gazos Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Identification of Non-Electrophilic Nrf2 Activators from Approved Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060883. [PMID: 28587109 PMCID: PMC6152778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage can lead to a wide range of diseases. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor that regulates many of the cytoprotective enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response. Therefore, targeting the regulation of Nrf2 activation is one logical and effective strategy to prevent or lower the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases. Until now, most research has focused on electrophilic indirect Nrf2 activators, but the risk of 'off-target' effects may be associated with these activators. To find novel small non-electrophilic modulators of Nrf2, we started from chemical agents derived from a connectivity map (cMap) and identified 22 non-electrophilic potential Nrf2-activating drugs through a drug repositioning tactic. By determining the expression changes of antioxidant genes in MCF7 cells that were treated with the potential Nrf2 activators using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) (qRT-PCR), astemizole was found to have a greater scale of upregulating antioxidant genes NQO1, HO-1, and GCLM than the positive control d,l-sulforaphane, although the testing concentration was lower than that of the control. Astemizole is a good potential redox regulator and deserves more pharmacodynamic experimentation to test and verify its feasibility for use as an Nrf2 activator.
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