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Venkatraman K, Lee CT, Garcia GC, Mahapatra A, Milshteyn D, Perkins G, Kim K, Pasolli HA, Phan S, Lippincott‐Schwartz J, Ellisman MH, Rangamani P, Budin I. Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner mitochondrial membrane lipidome. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114054. [PMID: 37933600 PMCID: PMC10711667 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cristae are high-curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping proteins have been defined, analogous lipid-based mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi-scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the inner mitochondrial membrane against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein-mediated curvatures. This model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that cardiolipin is essential in low-oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of cardiolipin is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Guadalupe C Garcia
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Arijit Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
Applied Physical SciencesUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Daniel Milshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Keun‐Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVAUSA
- Present address:
Electron Microscopy Resource CenterThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sebastien Phan
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological SystemsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Holendová B, Engstová H, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Reflecting Metabolism, Superoxide Formation, Redox Homeostasis, and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:635-683. [PMID: 36793196 PMCID: PMC10615093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial (mt) reticulum network in the cell possesses amazing ultramorphology of parallel lamellar cristae, formed by the invaginated inner mitochondrial membrane. Its non-invaginated part, the inner boundary membrane (IBM) forms a cylindrical sandwich with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Crista membranes (CMs) meet IBM at crista junctions (CJs) of mt cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes connected to OMM sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Cristae dimensions, shape, and CJs have characteristic patterns for different metabolic regimes, physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: Cristae-shaping proteins were characterized, namely rows of ATP-synthase dimers forming the crista lamella edges, MICOS subunits, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) isoforms and mitochondrial genome maintenance 1 (MGM1) filaments, prohibitins, and others. Detailed cristae ultramorphology changes were imaged by focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Dynamics of crista lamellae and mobile CJs were demonstrated by nanoscopy in living cells. With tBID-induced apoptosis a single entirely fused cristae reticulum was observed in a mitochondrial spheroid. Critical Issues: The mobility and composition of MICOS, OPA1, and ATP-synthase dimeric rows regulated by post-translational modifications might be exclusively responsible for cristae morphology changes, but ion fluxes across CM and resulting osmotic forces might be also involved. Inevitably, cristae ultramorphology should reflect also mitochondrial redox homeostasis, but details are unknown. Disordered cristae typically reflect higher superoxide formation. Future Directions: To link redox homeostasis to cristae ultramorphology and define markers, recent progress will help in uncovering mechanisms involved in proton-coupled electron transfer via the respiratory chain and in regulation of cristae architecture, leading to structural determination of superoxide formation sites and cristae ultramorphology changes in diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 635-683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Luque-Campos N, Araya MJ, Lara-Barba E, de Solminihac J, Pradenas C, Molina L, Herrera-Luna Y, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Elizondo-Vega R, Vega-Letter AM, Luz-Crawford P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:613. [PMID: 37689642 PMCID: PMC10493034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is reiteratively involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Current in vitro and in vivo approaches support that mitochondrial dysfunction is branded by several molecular and cellular defects, whose impact at different levels including the calcium and iron homeostasis, energetic balance and/or oxidative stress, makes it difficult to resolve them collectively given their multifactorial nature. Mitochondrial transfer offers an overall solution since it contains the replacement of damage mitochondria by healthy units. Therefore, this review provides an introducing view on the structure and energy-related functions of mitochondria as well as their dynamics. In turn, we summarize current knowledge on how these features are deregulated in different neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson´s disease, and Huntington's disease. Finally, we analyzed current advances in mitochondrial transfer between diverse cell types that actively participate in neurodegenerative processes, and how they might be projected toward developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Araya
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliana Lara-Barba
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de Solminihac
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pradenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Yeimi Herrera-Luna
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Zeng Z, Chu G, Shan X. Elevated CHCHD4 orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to disturb hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J Transl Med 2023; 21:464. [PMID: 37438854 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a highly prevalent cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and increased resistance in pulmonary artery. Mitochondrial coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain (CHCHD)-containing proteins have various important pathophysiological roles. However, the functional roles of CHCHD proteins in hypoxic PAH is still ambiguous. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CHCHD4 in hypoxic PAH and provide new insight into the mechanism driving the development of PAH. METHODS Serotype 1 adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) carrying Chchd4 was intratracheally injected to overexpress CHCHD4 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The Normoxia groups of animals were housed at 21% O2. Hypoxia groups were housed at 10% O2, for 8 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. Hemodynamic and histological characteristics are investigated in PAH. Primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of rats (PASMCs) are used to assess how CHCHD4 affects proliferation and migration. RESULTS We found CHCHD4 was significantly downregulated among CHCHD proteins in hypoxic PASMCs and lung tissues from hypoxic PAH rats. AAV1-induced CHCHD4 elevation conspicuously alleviates vascular remodeling and pulmonary artery resistance, and orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in PASMCs. Moreover, we found overexpression of CHCHD4 impeded proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Mechanistically, through lung tissues bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we further identified CHCHD4 modulated mitochondrial dynamics by directly interacting with SAM50, a barrel protein on mitochondrial outer membrane surface. Furthermore, knockdown of SAM50 reversed the biological effects of CHCHD4 overexpression in isolated PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrated that CHCHD4 elevation orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and antagonizes aberrant PASMC cell growth and migration, thereby disturbing hypoxic PAH, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinghua Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Rocca C, De Bartolo A, Guzzi R, Crocco MC, Rago V, Romeo N, Perrotta I, De Francesco EM, Muoio MG, Granieri MC, Pasqua T, Mazza R, Boukhzar L, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Gallo Cantafio ME, Soda T, Amodio N, Anouar Y, Angelone T. Palmitate-Induced Cardiac Lipotoxicity Is Relieved by the Redox-Active Motif of SELENOT through Improving Mitochondrial Function and Regulating Metabolic State. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071042. [PMID: 37048116 PMCID: PMC10093731 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lipotoxicity is an important contributor to cardiovascular complications during obesity. Given the fundamental role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident Selenoprotein T (SELENOT) for cardiomyocyte differentiation and protection and for the regulation of glucose metabolism, we took advantage of a small peptide (PSELT), derived from the SELENOT redox-active motif, to uncover the mechanisms through which PSELT could protect cardiomyocytes against lipotoxicity. To this aim, we modeled cardiac lipotoxicity by exposing H9c2 cardiomyocytes to palmitate (PA). The results showed that PSELT counteracted PA-induced cell death, lactate dehydrogenase release, and the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets, while an inert form of the peptide (I-PSELT) lacking selenocysteine was not active against PA-induced cardiomyocyte death. Mechanistically, PSELT counteracted PA-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress and rescued SELENOT expression that was downregulated by PA through FAT/CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36/fatty acid translocase), the main transporter of fatty acids in the heart. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that PSELT also relieved the PA-dependent increase in CD36 expression, while in SELENOT-deficient cardiomyocytes, PA exacerbated cell death, which was not mitigated by exogenous PSELT. On the other hand, PSELT improved mitochondrial respiration during PA treatment and regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, preventing the PA-provoked decrease in PGC1-α and increase in DRP-1 and OPA-1. These findings were corroborated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing that PSELT improved the cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial ultrastructures and restored the ER network. Spectroscopic characterization indicated that PSELT significantly attenuated infrared spectral-related macromolecular changes (i.e., content of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates) and also prevented the decrease in membrane fluidity induced by PA. Our findings further delineate the biological significance of SELENOT in cardiomyocytes and indicate the potential of its mimetic PSELT as a protective agent for counteracting cardiac lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Rita Guzzi
- Department of Physics, Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Crocco
- Department of Physics, Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- STAR Research Infrastructure, University of Calabria, Via Tito Flavio, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Naomi Romeo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CM2), Department of Biology, Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Muoio
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Granieri
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Mazza
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Loubna Boukhzar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- UNIROUEN, UMS-UAR HERACLES, PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- UNIROUEN, UMS-UAR HERACLES, PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76183 Rouen, France
| | | | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Youssef Anouar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- UNIROUEN, UMS-UAR HERACLES, PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Anti-Diabetic Therapy, Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress: An Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164660. [PMID: 36012897 PMCID: PMC9409680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are two chronic disorders that affect millions worldwide. Hyperglycemia can induce excessive generation of highly reactive free radicals that promote oxidative stress and further exacerbate diabetes progression and its complications. Vascular dysfunction and damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids can stem from overproduction and/or insufficient removal of free radicals. The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the use of antidiabetic drugs and their role in glycemic control in patients with heart failure and oxidative stress. Metformin exerts a minor benefit to these patients. Thiazolidinediones are not recommended in diabetic patients, as they increase the risk of HF. There is a lack of robust evidence on the use of meglinitides and acarbose. Insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have a neutral cardiovascular effect on diabetic patients. The majority of current research focuses on sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. SGLT2 inhibitors induce positive cardiovascular effects in diabetic patients, leading to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization. GLP-1 receptor agonists may also be used in HF patients, but in the case of chronic kidney disease, SLGT2 inhibitors should be preferred.
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Feng Y, Imam Aliagan A, Tombo N, Draeger D, Bopassa JC. RIP3 Translocation into Mitochondria Promotes Mitofilin Degradation to Increase Inflammation and Kidney Injury after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121894. [PMID: 35741025 PMCID: PMC9220894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) has been reported to regulate programmed necrosis-necroptosis forms of cell death with important functions in inflammation. We investigated whether RIP3 translocates into mitochondria in response to renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) to interact with inner mitochondrial protein (Mitofilin) and promote mtDNA release into the cytosol. We found that release of mtDNA activates the cGAS-STING pathway, leading to increased nuclear transcription of pro-inflammatory markers that exacerbate renal I/R injury. Monolateral C57/6N and RIP3-/- mice kidneys were subjected to 60 min of ischemia followed by either 12, 24, or 48 h of reperfusion. In WT mice, we found that renal I/R injury increased RIP3 levels, as well as its translocation into mitochondria. We observed that RIP3 interacts with Mitofilin, likely promoting its degradation, resulting in increased mitochondria damage and mtDNA release, activation of the cGAS-STING-p65 pathway, and increased transcription of pro-inflammatory markers. All of these effects observed in WT mice were decreased in RIP3-/- mice. In HK-2, RIP3 overexpression or Mitofilin knockdown increased cell death by activating the cGAS-STING-p65 pathway. Together, this study point to an important role of the RIP3-Mitofilin axis in the initiation and development of renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-210-567-0429; Fax: +1-210-567-4410
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8
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Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Function of the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System in Rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4366948. [PMID: 35387268 PMCID: PMC8967557 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4366948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction was closely related to vitamin D (VD) deficiency, but the mechanism remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of VDdef on the function of cardiac ANS in rats. Methods After 10 weeks of VD deficiency feeding, we successfully established a VD-deficient rat model. The body weight of rats was recorded, and the levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), creatinine (CRE), triglyceride (TG), hemoglobin (HG), and 25(OH)VD3 in serum were detected by corresponding kits. Short-time frequency domain analysis was used to evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) of all rats. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the atria and ventricle were detected by IHC. ELISA was used to determine the levels of acetyl choline (Ach) and nitric oxide (NO). HPLC was used for the detection of norepinephrine (NE). The expressions of KIR3.1, HERG, KVLQT1, and Mink were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results After 10 weeks of VD deficiency feeding, serum 25(OH)VD3 levels were markedly reduced in the VDdef group, and sera Ca and P, as well as body weight, were notably decreased in the VDdef group. In resting and motion states, VD deficiency resulted in a decline in HF levels and a mark increase in VLF and LF/HF levels. VD deficiency caused a reduction in the release of the local cardiac neurotransmitters TH and Ach. NE and NO levels were also remarkably depressed in the VDdef group. In addition, VD deficiency resulted in severely impaired expression of potassium channel proteins. Conclusion VD deficiency leads to cardiac ANS dysfunction. The imbalance in heart rate variability, impaired release and secretion of neurotransmitters and local plasma hormones in the heart, and downregulation of potassium channel protein expression caused by VD deficiency may be closely related to this dysfunction.
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9
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Yang D, Liu HQ, Liu FY, Guo Z, An P, Wang MY, Yang Z, Fan D, Tang QZ. Mitochondria in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy Research and Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:822969. [PMID: 35118147 PMCID: PMC8804293 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.822969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, a stereotypic cardiac response to increased workload, ultimately progresses to severe contractile dysfunction and uncompensated heart failure without appropriate intervention. Sustained cardiac overload inevitably results in high energy consumption, thus breaking the balance between mitochondrial energy supply and cardiac energy demand. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The significant alterations in mitochondrial energetics and mitochondrial proteome composition, as well as the altered expression of transcripts that have an impact on mitochondrial structure and function, may contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. This article presents a summary review of the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria during the hypertrophic response, followed by an overview of the latest research progress on the significant modulatory roles of mitochondria in cardiac hypertrophy. Our article is also to summarize the strategies of mitochondria-targeting as therapeutic targets to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Di Fan
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Qi-Zhu Tang
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10
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He X, Liu J, Zang WJ. Mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in cardiovascular diseases: Protective role of the vagal system. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:369-379. [PMID: 34906725 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular Ca2+ handling, apoptosis, and cell fate determination. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and energy insufficiency, which further disturb mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis in a deleterious loop. Mitochondrial redox status has therefore become a potential target for therapy against cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating mitochondrial redox status, including mitochondrial dynamics (fusion-fission pathways), mitochondrial cristae remodeling, mitophagy, biogenesis, and mitochondrion-organelle interactions (endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion interactions, nucleus-mitochondrion communication, and lipid droplet-mitochondrion interactions). The strategies that activate vagal system include direct vagal activation (electrical vagal stimulation and administration of vagal neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and pharmacological modulation (choline and cholinesterase inhibitors). The vagal system plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, moderating mitochondrial fusion and fission, strengthening mitochondrial cristae stabilization, regulating mitochondrion-organelle interactions, and inhibiting mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Therefore, enhancement of vagal activity can maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
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11
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Wei DZ, Li D, Zheng DM, An ZN, Xing XJ, Jiang DW, Mei XF, Liu C. Curcumin Conjugated Gold Nanoclusters as Perspective Therapeutics for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Chem 2021; 9:763892. [PMID: 34765588 PMCID: PMC8576376 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.763892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipids in the myocardium contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunctions and various chronic diseases, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Curcumin (Cur) can relieve lipid accumulation problems, but its efficiency is limited by poor water solubility and biocompatibility. Herein, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were used to improve the efficiency of Cur, and the conjugates Curcumin-AuNCs (AuCur) were developed. In the treatment of high-fat-induced myocardial cell damage, we found that AuCur could effectively reduce intracellular lipid accumulation, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the increase of mitochondrial division, and the increase of apoptosis compared with Cur. AuCur decreased the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α subtype (PPARα), and the therapeutic effect of AuCur was canceled when the expression of PPARα was enhanced. For the above reasons, AuCur treated the toxic effect of high lipid on cardiomyocytes by regulating PPARα, providing a new idea and method for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhuo Wei
- Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Public Basic Academy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan-Meng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ni An
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ding-Wen Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xi-Fan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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12
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Wu Q, Zhao M, He X, Xue R, Li D, Yu X, Wang S, Zang W. Acetylcholine reduces palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by promoting lipid droplet lipolysis and perilipin 5-mediated lipid droplet-mitochondria interaction. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1890-1906. [PMID: 34424820 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1965734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are neutral lipid storage organelles, are important for lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. LD lipolysis and interactions with mitochondria are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and may be potential targets to buffer the effects of excessive toxic lipid species levels. Acetylcholine (ACh), the major neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve, exhibits cardioprotective effects. However, limited research has focused on its effects on LD lipolysis and the LD-mitochondria association in fatty acid (FA) overload models. Here, we reveal that palmitate (PA) induces an increase in expression of the FA transport protein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and LD formation; remarkably reduces the expression of lipases involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL); impairs LD-mitochondria interaction; and decreases perilipin 5 (PLIN5) expression, resulting in LD accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which ultimately lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. ACh significantly upregulates PLIN5 expression and improved LD lipolysis and the LD-mitochondria association. Moreover, ACh reduces CD36 expression, LD deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately suppressing apoptosis in PA-treated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs). Knockdown of PLIN5, which plays a role in LD-mitochondria contact site formation, abolishes the protective effects of ACh in PA-treated NRVCs. Thus, ACh protects cardiomyocytes from PA-induced apoptosis, at least partly, by promoting LD lipolysis and activating LD-mitochondria interactions via PLIN5. These findings may aid in developing novel therapeutic approaches that target LD lipolysis and PLIN5-mediated LD-mitochondria interactions to prevent or alleviate lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Runqing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongling Li
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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13
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Wang Z, Zhao G, Zibrila AI, Li Y, Liu J, Feng W. Acetylcholine ameliorated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in trophoblast cells via p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6318781. [PMID: 34245298 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of trophoblast are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Extensive research reports that the principal vagal neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) shows anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in various diseases models. However, the role of ACh in hypoxic trophoblast remains unknown. Here, we examined the apoptotic levels of human placenta and explored the role(s) of ACh on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-treated (trophoblast-derived) HTR-8/SVneo cells for mimicking hypoxic injuries. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), dihydroethidium (DHE) probe, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, migration and invasion assay were employed in the current study. Our data showed that placentas from PE women exhibited increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic index than those in normal pregnancy. Our in vitro study showed that CoCl2 enhanced ROS generation and apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells through the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. ACh significantly decreased hypoxia-induced ROS generation and the resulting apoptosis, accompanied by lowered phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Western blotting analysis further confirmed that ACh decreased the ratio of pp38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3. Besides, ACh promoted cell invasion and migration ability under hypoxic conditions. Atropine, the muscarinic receptor antagonist, abolished ACh's effects mentioned above. Overall, our data showed that ACh exerted protective effects on hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in trophoblast cells via muscarinic receptors, indicating that improved vagal activity may be of therapeutic value in PE management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Gongxiao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Adoulaye Issotina Zibrila
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yubei Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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14
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He X, Yang S, Deng J, Wu Q, Zang WJ. Amelioration of circadian disruption and calcium-handling protein defects by choline alleviates cardiac remodeling in abdominal aorta coarctation rats. J Transl Med 2021; 101:878-896. [PMID: 33649466 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The key pathophysiological process leading to heart failure is cardiac remodeling, a term referring to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. We explored circadian rhythm disruption and calcium dyshomeostasis in cardiac remodeling and investigated the cardioprotective effect of choline. The experiments were conducted using a model of cardiac remodeling by abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro cardiomyocyte remodeling was induced by exposing neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to angiotensin II. The circadian rhythms of the transcript levels of the seven major components of the mammalian clock (Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα, Per1/2, and Cry1/2) were altered in AAC rat hearts during a normal 24 h light/dark cycle. AAC also upregulated the levels of proteins that mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry/receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (stromal interaction molecule 1 [STIM1], Orai1, and transient receptor potential canonical 6 [TRPC6]) in rat hearts. Moreover, choline ameliorated circadian rhythm disruption, reduced the upregulated protein levels of STIM1, Orai1, and TRPC6, and alleviated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling (evidenced by attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis) in AAC rats. In vitro analyses showed that choline ameliorated calcium overload, downregulated STIM1, Orai1, and TRPC6, and inhibited thapsigargin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-induced receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in angiotensin II-treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, choline attenuated AAC-induced cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, which was related to amelioration of circadian rhythm disruption and attenuation of calcium-handling protein defects. Modulation of vagal activity by choline targeting the circadian rhythm and calcium homeostasis may have therapeutic potential for cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
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15
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Ramachandra CJA, Cong S, Chan X, Yap EP, Yu F, Hausenloy DJ. Oxidative stress in cardiac hypertrophy: From molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic targets. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:297-312. [PMID: 33675957 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When faced with increased workload the heart undergoes remodelling, where it increases its muscle mass in an attempt to preserve normal function. This is referred to as cardiac hypertrophy and if sustained, can lead to impaired contractile function. Experimental evidence supports oxidative stress as a critical inducer of both genetic and acquired forms of cardiac hypertrophy, a finding which is reinforced by elevated levels of circulating oxidative stress markers in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. These observations formed the basis for using antioxidants as a therapeutic means to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and improve clinical outcomes. However, the use of antioxidant therapies in the clinical setting has been associated with inconsistent results, despite antioxidants having been shown to exert protection in several animal models of cardiac hypertrophy. This has forced us to revaluate the mechanisms, both upstream and downstream of oxidative stress, where recent studies demonstrate that apart from conventional mediators of oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation as well as dysregulated autophagy and protein homeostasis contribute to disease pathophysiology through mechanisms involving oxidative stress. Importantly, novel therapeutic targets have been identified to counteract oxidative stress and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy but more interestingly, the repurposing of drugs commonly used to treat metabolic disorders, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, sleep disorders and arthritis have also been shown to improve cardiac function through suppression of oxidative stress. Here, we review the latest literature on these novel mechanisms and intervention strategies with the aim of better understanding the complexities of oxidative stress for more precise targeted therapeutic approaches to prevent cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xavier Chan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - En Ping Yap
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fan Yu
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
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16
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Kumar A, Chamoto K. Immune metabolism in PD-1 blockade-based cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunol 2021; 33:17-26. [PMID: 32622347 PMCID: PMC7771015 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays an important role in proliferating cells. Recent reports indicate that metabolic regulation or metabolic products can control immune cell differentiation, fate and reactions. Cancer immunotherapy based on blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been used worldwide, but a significant fraction of patients remain unresponsive. Therefore, clarifying the mechanisms and overcoming the unresponsiveness are urgent issues. Because cancer immunity consists of interactions between the cancer and host immune cells, there has recently been a focus on the metabolic interactions and/or competition between the tumor and the immune system to address these issues. Cancer cells render their microenvironment immunosuppressive, driving T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, which is advantageous for cancer cell survival. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence of T-cell and cancer cell metabolism has gradually revealed that controlling the metabolic pathways of either type of cell can overcome T-cell dysfunction and reprogram the metabolic balance in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the role of immune metabolism in T-cell-based immune surveillance and cancer immune escape. This new concept has boosted the development of combination therapy and predictive biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Wessler I, Kirkpatrick CJ. Cholinergic signaling controls immune functions and promotes homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106345. [PMID: 32203906 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) was created by nature as one of the first signaling molecules, expressed already in procaryotes. Based on the positively charged nitrogen, ACh could initially mediate signaling in the absence of receptors. When evolution established more and more complex organisms the new emerging organs systems, like the smooth and skeletal muscle systems, energy-generating systems, sexual reproductive system, immune system and the nervous system have further optimized the cholinergic signaling machinery. Thus, it is not surprising that ACh and the cholinergic system are expressed in the vast majority of cells. Consequently, multiple common interfaces exist, for example, between the nervous and the immune system. Research of the last 20 years has unmasked these multiple regulating mechanisms mediated by cholinergic signaling and thus, the biological role of ACh has been revised. The present article summarizes new findings and describes the role of both non-neuronal and neuronal ACh in protecting the organism from external and internal health threats, in providing energy for the whole organism and for the individual cell, controling immune functions to prevent inflammatory dysbalance, and finally, the involvement in critical brain functions, such as learning and memory. All these capacities of ACh enable the organism to attain and maintain homeostasis under changing external conditions. However, the existence of identical interfaces between all these different organ systems complicates the research for new therapeutic interventions, making it essential that every effort should be undertaken to find out more specific targets to modulate cholinergic signaling in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignaz Wessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Charles James Kirkpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Liu F, Su H, Liu B, Mei Y, Ke Q, Sun X, Tan W. STVNa Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Response through the HDAC4 and Prdx2/ROS/Trx1 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020682. [PMID: 31968660 PMCID: PMC7014432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data show that cardiac hypertrophy contributes substantially to the overall heart failure burden. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent studies have reported that isosteviol inhibits myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in guinea pigs and H9c2 cells. This work investigated the protective mechanisms of isosteviol sodium (STVNa) against isoproterenol (Iso)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We found that STVNa significantly inhibited H9c2 cell and rat primary cardiomyocyte cell surface, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and morphological integrity, and decreased the expression of mitochondrial function-related proteins Fis1 and Drp1. Furthermore, STVNa decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and upregulated the expression of antioxidant factors, Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2). Moreover, STVNa restored the activity of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in the nucleus. Together, our data show that STVNa confers protection against Iso-induced myocardial hypertrophy primarily through the Prdx2/ROS/Trx1 signaling pathway. Thus, STVNA is a potentially effective treatment for cardiac hypertrophy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoou Sun
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (W.T.); Tel.: +86-13539850005 (X.S.); +86-13928954505 (W.T.)
| | - Wen Tan
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (W.T.); Tel.: +86-13539850005 (X.S.); +86-13928954505 (W.T.)
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