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Mariani A, Malucelli G. Transparent Wood-Based Materials: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:9069. [PMID: 36556874 PMCID: PMC9788626 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human history is largely characterized by the massive use of wood, the most well-known natural composite material, possessing unique thermal, mechanical, and environmental features that make it suitable for several applications, ranging from civil engineering, art, and household uses, to business uses (including furniture, stationery, shipbuilding, and fuel). Further, as a renewable and recyclable biomass, wood perfectly matches the current circular economy concept. However, because of its structure and composition, wood is not transparent: therefore, the possibility of removing the embedded lignin, hence limiting the light-scattering phenomena, has been investigated over the last ten to fifteen years, hence obtaining the so-called "transparent wood (TW)". This latter represents an up-to-date key material, as it can be utilized as obtained or further functionalized, combining the transparency with other features (such as flame retardance, energy storage ability, and environmental protection, among others), which widen the potential (and practical) applications of wood. The present manuscript aims at summarizing first the current methods employed for obtaining transparent wood, and then the latest achievements concerning the properties of transparent wood, providing the reader with some perspectives about its novel functionalizations and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mariani
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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A Facile Synthesis of Cellulose Nanofibers from Corn Cob and Rice Straw by Acid Hydrolysis Method. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204383. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14204383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural residues are suitable to make useful products that can potentially replace the non-biodegradable polymeric materials. In the present work, corn cob and rice S=straw is quantitatively transformed to cellulose by alkali treatment preceded by bleaching. The obtained cellulose is changed into nanocellulose (NC) by the acid hydrolysis method followed by ultrasonication. Further NC was characterized by FTIR to study its functional regions and XRD for crystallinity. Thermal properties have been studied using TGA/DTA. The surface morphology of nanocellulose was done using SEM and TEM. The obtained results revealed remarkable thermal stability, semi-crystalline and fibrous nature of both corn cob and rice straw. The size of the cellulose is in the nanoscale dimension. This work provides the way to utilize corn cob and rice straw as a more useful raw material for many applications.
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Fabrication and characterization of sunflower oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with sunflower stem pith cellulose nanofibril. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:919-926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Trache D, Tarchoun AF, Abdelaziz A, Bessa W, Hussin MH, Brosse N, Thakur VK. Cellulose nanofibrils-graphene hybrids: recent advances in fabrication, properties, and applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12515-12546. [PMID: 35983896 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the fast-developing social economy and the acceleration of industrialization, seeking effective renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly resources that show promising properties is an urgent task and a crucial means to achieve sustainable progress in the face of the growing depletion of non-renewable resources and the deterioration of environmental issues. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are natural polymeric nanomaterials with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, good mechanical features, high strength, low density, high specific surface area, and tunable chemistry. Their combination with other nanomaterials, such as graphene derivatives (GNMs), has been demonstrated to be effective since they produce hybrids with outstanding physicochemical properties, tailorable functionality, and high performance. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of CNFs/GNMs hybrids are described and discussed using the latest studies. First, the concise background of nanocellulose and graphene derivatives is provided, followed by the interfacial interactions between CNFs and GNMs. The different hybrids exhibit great promise in separation, adsorption, optics, flexible electronics, energy storage, thermal management, barrier and packaging, and electromagnetic shielding. The main challenges that inhibit the applicability of these hybrids are finally highlighted, and some perspectives for future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amir Abdelaziz
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Wissam Bessa
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - M Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le MAtériau Bois (LERMAB), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Lorraine, Bld. des Aiguillettes, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413 Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
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Wu C, McClements DJ, He M, Li Y, Teng F. The measurement of molecular interactions, structure and physical properties of okara cellulose composite hydrogels using different analytical methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4162-4170. [PMID: 35018651 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aiming to address the practical problems of a low utilization rate and the serious waste of soybean residue, novel composite hydrogels based on okara cellulose before and after 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) oxidation and high polymers of chitosan (CH), carrageenan (CA) or Arabic gum (AG) were prepared by a homogeneous mixture in ionic liquid. RESULTS In the present study, composite hydrogels fabricated from okara cellulose and CH, CA or AG were prepared by dissolving them in an ionic liquid, followed by heating (100 °C, 3 h) and then soaking them in a 1:1 water-isopropanol solution. The composite hydrogels prepared from TEMPO oxidation-treated cellulose were physically cross-linked to CH, CA or AG. The results showed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the amorphous regions of the cellulose were disrupted, whereas the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the biopolymers were increased, which promoted the formation of composite gels with crystalline structures. The TEMPO treatment increased the gel strength. For example, for the cellulose/CA gels, the hardness, fracturability, springiness and cohesiveness values were 5.9-, 4.3-, 2.4- and 3.6-fold higher compared to the non-treated ones, respectively. The composite hydrogels exhibited good thermal stability, swelling properties and mechanical properties. These novel composite polysaccharide-based hydrogels may therefore have great potential in various food and non-food fields. CONCLUSION In summary, the addition of polymers (CH, CA or AG) and TEMPO oxidized cellulose was suitable for increasing the swelling, textural properties, thermal stability and rheological properties of hydrogels, which provides new ideas and new methods for the preparation of bio-based composite hydrogels. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Wu
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Mingyu He
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- National Soybean Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Green Food Science, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Asgarpour Khansary M, Shirazian S, Walker G. A molecularly enhanced proof of concept for targeting cocrystals at molecular scale in continuous pharmaceuticals cocrystallization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114277119. [PMID: 35594395 PMCID: PMC9173768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114277119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is impossible to optimize a process for a target drug product with the desired profile without a proper understanding of the interplay among the material attributes, the process parameters, and the attributes of the drug product. There is a particular need to bridge the micro- and mesoscale events that occur during this process. Here, we propose а molecular engineering methodology for the continuous cocrystallization process, based on Raman spectra measured experimentally with a probe and from quantum mechanical calculations. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the theoretical Raman spectra were calculated from first principles for local mixture structures under an external shear force at various temperatures. A proof of concept is developed to build the process design space from the computed data. We show that the determined process design space provides valuable insight for optimizing the cocrystallization process at the nanoscale, where experimental measurements are difficult and/or inapplicable. The results suggest that our method may be used to target cocrystallization processes at the molecular scale for improved pharmaceutical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Shirazian
- Department of Chemical Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX Ireland
| | - Gavin Walker
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX Ireland
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Detection of Human Neutrophil Elastase by Fluorescent Peptide Sensors Conjugated to TEMPO-Oxidized Nanofibrillated Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063101. [PMID: 35328520 PMCID: PMC8952216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide–cellulose conjugates designed for use as optical protease sensors have gained interest for point-of-care (POC) detection. Elevated serine protease levels are often found in patients with chronic illnesses, necessitating optimal biosensor design for POC assessment. Nanocellulose provides a platform for protease sensors as a transducer surface, and the employment of nanocellulose in this capacity combines its biocompatibility and high specific surface area properties to confer sensitive detection of dilute biomarkers. However, a basic understanding of the spatiotemporal relationships of the transducer surface and sensor disposition is needed to improve protease sensor design and development. Here, we examine a tripeptide, fluorogenic elastase biosensor attached to TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose via a polyethylene glycol linker. The synthetic conjugate was found to be active in the presence of human neutrophil elastase at levels comparable to other cellulose-based biosensors. Computational models examined the relationship of the sensor molecule to the transducer surface. The results illustrate differences in two crystallite transducer surfaces ((110) vs. (1−10)) and reveal preferred orientations of the sensor. Finally, a determination of the relative (110) vs. (1−10) orientations of crystals extracted from cotton demonstrates a preference for the (1−10) conformer. This model study potentiates the HNE sensor results for enhanced sensor activity design.
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Wu C, McClements DJ, Li L, He M, Li Y, Teng F. Fabrication of composite hydrogels by assembly of okara cellulose nanofibers and gum Arabic in ionic liquids: Structure and properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Misbah Biltayib B, Bonyani M, Khan A, Su CH, Yu YY. Predictive modeling and simulation of wastewater treatment process using nano-based materials: Effect of pH and adsorbent dosage. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Asgarpour Khansary M, Shirazian S, Walker G. Molecular engineering of cocrystallization process in holt melt extrusion based on kinetics of elementary molecular processes. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120495. [PMID: 33794321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuous co-crystallization in a twin-screw granulator is a promising technology. In order to fundamentally optimize the process flow, it is necessary to investigate the kinetics of molecular interactions within the mixture and the effect of these interactions on co-crystal formation. In this study, the processes governing the co-crystallization of ibuprofen and nicotinamide were considered. Density functional theory calculations employing the Hirshfeld partitioning scheme were used to identify donor-acceptor sites on each molecule. A total of twenty-one different molecular interactions was identified (nine of ibuprofen and nicotinamide (resembling co-crystals), three of ibuprofen and itself (resembling the ibuprofen dimer), and nine of nicotinamide and itself (resembling the nicotinamide dimer)). Each interaction was defined as an artificial reversible reaction and the kinetics were calculated using the transition state theory of chemical reactions, where linear and quadratic synchronous transition methods were utilized to identify transition-state structures; the minimum energy path was determined using the nudged elastic band method. A kinetic Monte Carlo framework was used to study the collective/coupled effect of reactions on the progress of the co-crystallization process. it was found that operating at low temperatures (especially lower or very close to the melting temperature of ibuprofen) for longer residency times creates a safe route for maximizing the presence of ibuprofen and nicotinamide co-crystals. If the proposed route is applied, the purity and properties of the produced co-crystal would be significant, especially its desirable availability within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Shirazian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gavin Walker
- Synthesis & Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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