Design and synthesis of novel enantiopure Bis(5-Isoxazolidine) derivatives: insights into their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential via in silico drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, medicinal chemistry properties, and molecular docking studies

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors

Herein, a novel set of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives containing thiourea and urea scaffolds were synthesized, characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). These compounds were biologically evaluated for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, identifying 5f as the most active (IC50 26.67 ± 1.25 μM and 39.12 ± 1.83 μM against α-amylase α-glucosidase, respectively), better than the standard, acarbose. Enzymatic kinetic results showed that 5f and acarbose complete competitive type inhibitors. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) demonstrated that undergoing substitutions on R1 and R2 groups attached to the thiourea/urea moiety chains controlled the activity. Besides, in-silico ADMET study showed that almost title compounds exhibited satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties. In molecular docking study, the top performing compound (5f) exhibited higher binding energies (-5.501 and -6.414 kcal/mol, respectively) showing crucial interactions and that snuggly fit in their active site. To shed light on their mechanism of action, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations approach executed at 100 ns duration authenticated the high stability of 5f-1B2Y and 5f-3A4A complexes. The results of this investigation disclosed that compound 5f may serve as a potential lead, accomplished with in vivo studies, for the management of diabetes.

New 3-(Dibenzyloxyphosphoryl)isoxazolidine Conjugates of N1-Benzylated Quinazoline-2,4-diones as Potential Cytotoxic Agents against Cancer Cell Lines

In this study, a new series of cis and trans 5-substituted-3-(dibenzyloxyphosphoryl)isoxazolidines 16a-g were synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-benzyl-C-(dibenzyloxyphosphoryl)nitrone and selected N1-allyl-N3-benzylquinazoline-2,4-diones. All the obtained trans-isoxazolidines 16a-g and the samples enriched in respective cis-isomers were evaluated for anticancer activity against three tumor cell lines. All the tested compounds exhibited high activity against the prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). Isoxazolidines trans-16a and trans-16b and diastereoisomeric mixtures of isoxazolidines enriched in cis-isomer using HPLC, namely cis-16a/trans-16a (97:3) and cis-16b/trans-16b (90:10), showed the highest antiproliferative properties towards the PC-3 cell line (IC50 = 9.84 ± 3.69-12.67 ± 3.45 μM). For the most active compounds, induction apoptosis tests and an evaluation of toxicity were conducted. Isoxazolidine trans-16b showed the highest induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the most active compounds turned out safe in vitro as none affected the cell viability in the HEK293, HepG2, and HSF cellular models at all the tested concentrations. The results indicated isoxazolidine trans-16b as a promising new lead structure in the search for effective anticancer drugs.

A. E. Albadri A, Patel H, Messaoudi S, Kadri A, M. Al-Hazmy S, Aouadi K. Synthesis, optical properties, DNA, β-cyclodextrin interaction, hydrogen isotope sensor and computational study of new enantiopure isoxazolidine derivative (ISoXD)

A novel isoxazolidine derivative (ISoXD) dye was successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. In this study, we conducted a thorough examination of its various properties, including optical characteristics, interactions with DNA and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our investigation encompassed a systematic analysis of the absorption and emission spectra of ISoXD in diverse solvents. The observed variations in the spectroscopic data were attributed to the specific solvent's capacity to engage in hydrogen bonding interactions. Remarkably, the most pronounced intensities were observed in glycol, which can establish many hydrogen bonds with ISoXD. Furthermore, our study revealed a significant distinction in the fluorescence behavior of ISoXD when subjected to different solvents, particularly between CHCl3 and CDCl3. Moreover, we explored the fluorescence intensity of the ISoXD complex in the presence of various metals, both in ethanol and water. The ISoXD complex exhibited a substantial increase of fluorescence upon interaction with different metal ions. The utilization of DFT calculations allowed us to propose an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism as a plausible explanation for this quenching phenomenon. The interaction of ISoXD with DNA and β-CD was studied using absorption spectra. The binding constant (K) and the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔGo) for the interaction between DNA and β-CD with ISoXD were determined. In docking study, ISoXD exhibited significant docking scores (-6.511) and MM-GBSA binding free energies (-66.27 kcal/mol) within the PARP-1 binding cavity. Its binding pattern closely resembles to the co-crystal ligand veliparib, and during a 100ns MD simulation, ISoXD displayed strong stability and formed robust hydrogen bonds with key amino acids. These findings suggest ISoXD's potential as a PARP-1 inhibitor for further investigation in therapeutic development.

In Silico Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Enantiopure Isoxazolidines as Promising Dual Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase

Isoxazolidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis and then evaluated for their ability to inhibit both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes to treat diabetes. All synthesized derivatives demonstrated a varying range of activity, with IC50 values ranging from 53.03 ± 0.106 to 232.8 ± 0.517 μM (α-amylase) and from 94.33 ± 0.282 to 258.7 ± 0.521 μM (α-glucosidase), revealing their high potency compared to the reference drug, acarbose (IC50 = 296.6 ± 0.825 µM and 780.4 ± 0.346 µM), respectively. Specifically, in vitro results revealed that compound 5d achieved the most inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 5.59-fold and 8.27-fold, respectively, toward both enzymes, followed by 5b. Kinetic studies revealed that compound 5d inhibits both enzymes in a competitive mode. Based on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, it was concluded that various substitution patterns of the substituent(s) influenced the inhibitory activities of both enzymes. The server pkCSM was used to predict the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties for 5d, which afforded good oral bioavailability. Additionally, compound 5d was subjected to molecular docking to gain insights into its binding mode interactions with the target enzymes. Moreover, via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis, it maintained stability throughout 100 ns. This suggests that 5d possesses the potential to simultaneously target both enzymes effectively, making it advantageous for the development of antidiabetic medications.

Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Ni(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with (E)-2-((5-Bromothiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies

In order to address the challenges associated with antibiotic resistance by bacteria, two new complexes, Ni(II) and Zn(II), have been synthesized using the conventional method based on Schiff base ligand (E)-2-((5-bromothiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl) phenol. The Schiff base ligand (HL) was synthesized using salicylaldehyde and 5-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-amine in both traditional and efficient, ecologically friendly, microwave-assisted procedures. The ligand and its complexes were evaluated by elemental analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and magnetic susceptibility. The ligand and its complexes were tested for antibacterial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603). The findings demonstrate the potent activity of the ligand and its complexes against selective bacteria but the Ni(II) complex with MIC values ranging from 1.95 to 7.81 µg/mL outperformed all other compounds, including the widely used antibiotic Streptomycin. Furthermore, the docking study provided evidence supporting the validity of the antimicrobial results, since the Ni complex showed superior binding affinity against to E. coli NAD synthetase, which had a docking score (-7.61 kcal/mol).

Novel Hybrid Triazoline - Triazole Glycosides: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity study via In Vitro, and In Silico Means

Series of novel 1,2,3-triazole, and 1,2,3- triazoline glycosides (a-e) were efficiently synthesized starting from d-arabinose in an effort to synthesize a new type of hybrid molecules containing sugar azide. The key step involved is the introduction of a new group, ethylene glycol, to the anomeric site and protection of the hydroxyl groups with acetic anhydride. Following that, the acetyl group is converted into ethylene glycol to tosylate. Compound Azido ethyl-O-β-d-arabinofuranoside 4 was synthesized with good yield by treating the derivative 3 with sodium azide, which displaced the tosylate 3 and replaced it with the azide group. The new glycosides were synthesized via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between the intermediate compound 4 and several alkenes and alkynes. The triazole and triazoline compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC/MS-IT-TOF spectral, and C·H.N. analysis. The antimicrobial screening was assayed using the disc diffusion technique revealed moderate to high potential inhibitory values against three test microorganisms compared to standard drugs. Their pharmacokinetics evaluation also showed promising drug-likeness and ADME properties. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to obtain the molecular geometry of the title compounds utilizing B3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) through the investigation of HOMO and LUMO orbitals, and energy gap value. A lower energy gap value denotes that electrons can be transported more easily, indicating that molecule (b) is more reactive than other compounds. Molecular docking analysis revealed that all the designed triazole and triazoline glycosides interacted strongly inside the active site of the enzyme (PDB ID: 2Q85). and exhibits high docking scores, higher than the standard drug. The range of docking scores is -7.99 kcal/mol compound (a) to -7.42 kcal/mol compound (e).