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Wani AK, Akhtar N, Mir TUG, Rahayu F, Suhara C, Anjli A, Chopra C, Singh R, Prakash A, El Messaoudi N, Fernandes CD, Ferreira LFR, Rather RA, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Eco-friendly and safe alternatives for the valorization of shrimp farming waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38960-38989. [PMID: 37249769 PMCID: PMC10227411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The seafood industry generates waste, including shells, bones, intestines, and wastewater. The discards are nutrient-rich, containing varying concentrations of carotenoids, proteins, chitin, and other minerals. Thus, it is imperative to subject seafood waste, including shrimp waste (SW), to secondary processing and valorization for demineralization and deproteination to retrieve industrially essential compounds. Although several chemical processes are available for SW processing, most of them are inherently ecotoxic. Bioconversion of SW is cost-effective, ecofriendly, and safe. Microbial fermentation and the action of exogenous enzymes are among the significant SW bioconversion processes that transform seafood waste into valuable products. SW is a potential raw material for agrochemicals, microbial culture media, adsorbents, therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and bio-nanomaterials. This review comprehensively elucidates the valorization approaches of SW, addressing the drawbacks of chemically mediated methods for SW treatments. It is a broad overview of the applications associated with nutrient-rich SW, besides highlighting the role of major shrimp-producing countries in exploring SW to achieve safe, ecofriendly, and efficient bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Tahir Ul Gani Mir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Cece Suhara
- Research Center for Horticulture and Plantation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Anjli Anjli
- HealthPlix Technologies Private Limited, Bengaluru, 560103, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar 190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
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Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193989. [PMID: 36235937 PMCID: PMC9571330 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean shells are a sustainable source of chitin. Extracting chitin from crustacean shells is ongoing research, much of which is devoted to devising a sustainable process that yields high-quality chitin with minimal waste. Chemical and biological methods have been used extensively for this purpose; more recently, methods based on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have been explored. Extracted chitin can be converted into chitosan or nanochitin. Once chitin is obtained and modified into the desired form, it can be used in a wide array of applications, including as a filler material, in adsorbents, and as a component in biomaterials, among others. Describing the extraction of chitin, synthesis of chitosan and nanochitin, and applications of these materials is the aim of this review. The first section of this review summarizes and compares common chitin extraction methods, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings of each, followed by descriptions of methods to convert chitin into chitosan and nanochitin. The second section of this review discusses some of the wide range of applications of chitin and its derivatives.
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Mode of action of nanochitin whisker against Fusarium pseudograminearum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:356-366. [PMID: 35839953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanochitin whisker (NC) is an advanced nanobiomaterial with novel physicochemical and biological properties. Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fpg) is an important pathogenic fungus causing wheat crown rot disease. This study explored the mode of action of NC against Fpg as a target microorganism. The effects of different treatments and concentrations of NC on the fungal growth and conidial germination were investigated by in vitro bioassay. The impacts of NC on cell structure integrity, membrane permeability, pathogenesis related key enzymes activity, and the mycotoxin production were examined by electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, conductometry, and spectrophotometry, respectively. The results showed that NC significantly reduced hyphal growth, and the spore germination rate of Fpg declined by 33.0 % and 23.2 % when Fpg was treated with 30 and 300 μg/mL of NC, respectively. NC vigorously influenced structural stability of cell wall by destroying dextran structure, and strongly stimulated ergosterol production altering membrane integrity of the fungus. It reduced the activities of enzymes related to energy-supply like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase remarkably. The production of fungal mycotoxin deoxynivalenol was also decreased by NC. These findings provide an important basis for fully understanding the mechanism of nanobiomaterial in plant fungal disease control.
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Bai L, Liu L, Esquivel M, Tardy BL, Huan S, Niu X, Liu S, Yang G, Fan Y, Rojas OJ. Nanochitin: Chemistry, Structure, Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11604-11674. [PMID: 35653785 PMCID: PMC9284562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a fascinating biopolymer found in living organisms, fulfills current demands of availability, sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and renewability. A feature of chitin is its ability to structure into hierarchical assemblies, spanning the nano- and macroscales, imparting toughness and resistance (chemical, biological, among others) to multicomponent materials as well as adding adaptability, tunability, and versatility. Retaining the inherent structural characteristics of chitin and its colloidal features in dispersed media has been central to its use, considering it as a building block for the construction of emerging materials. Top-down chitin designs have been reported and differentiate from the traditional molecular-level, bottom-up synthesis and assembly for material development. Such topics are the focus of this Review, which also covers the origins and biological characteristics of chitin and their influence on the morphological and physical-chemical properties. We discuss recent achievements in the isolation, deconstruction, and fractionation of chitin nanostructures of varying axial aspects (nanofibrils and nanorods) along with methods for their modification and assembly into functional materials. We highlight the role of nanochitin in its native architecture and as a component of materials subjected to multiscale interactions, leading to highly dynamic and functional structures. We introduce the most recent advances in the applications of nanochitin-derived materials and industrialization efforts, following green manufacturing principles. Finally, we offer a critical perspective about the adoption of nanochitin in the context of advanced, sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Marianelly Esquivel
- Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of
Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Extraction and characterization of chitin from Oratosquilla oratoria shell waste and its application in Brassica campestris L.ssp. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 198:204-213. [PMID: 34995666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mantis shrimp waste (Oratosquilla oratoria) is a good source of chitin. The applicability of microwave-assisted organic acids and proteases for extracting chitin from mantis shrimp shell waste was evaluated, and the extracted-chitin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, the effects of nanochitin on the growth of pak choi (Brassica campestris L.ssp.) were also investigated. The results indicated that alkaline protease (4000 U/g, microwave heating at 60 °C, 10 min) and malic acid (5%, 320 W, 5 min) exhibited excellent potential for deproteinizing and demineralizing shells. The deproteinization and demineralization yields were 92.78% and 94.11%, respectively, and the chitin yield was 15.6%. The extracted-chitin had a highly porous structure and exhibited excellent crystallinity and thermostability compared with chitin prepared by traditional chemical methods. Furthermore, 0.003% nanochitin significantly enhanced photosynthesis, which improved the pak choi fresh weight by 22.94%, and improved the accumulation of isothiocyanates in its leaves. This study provides an alternative approach for the high-value utilization of mantis shrimp waste, and reveals the potential of chitin for application in agricultural production.
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Lu J, Liu T, Zhang X, Li J, Wang X, Liang X, Xu G, Jing M, Li Z, Hein I, Dou D, Zhang Y, Wang X. Comparison of the Distinct, Host-Specific Response of Three Solanaceae Hosts Induced by Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011000. [PMID: 34681661 PMCID: PMC8537708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Solanaceae hosts (TSHs), S. tuberosum, N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, represent the three major phylogenetic clades of Solanaceae plants infected by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight, one of the most devastating diseases seriously affecting crop production. However, details regarding how different Solanaceae hosts respond to P. infestans are lacking. Here, we conducted RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomic data from the TSHs at 12 and 24 h post P. infestans inoculation to capture early expression effects. Macroscopic and microscopic observations showed faster infection processes in S. tuberosum than in N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum under the same conditions. Analysis of the number of genes and their level of expression indicated that distinct response models were adopted by the TSHs in response to P. infestans. The host-specific infection process led to overlapping but distinct in GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched for differentially expressed genes; many were tightly linked to the immune response in the TSHs. S. tuberosum showed the fastest response and strongest accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared with N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, which also had similarities and differences in hormone regulation. Collectively, our study provides an important reference for a better understanding of late blight response mechanisms of different Solanaceae host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tingli Liu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Xun Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Maofeng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhugang Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ingo Hein
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yanju Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
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Zheng K, Lu J, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang J, He Z, Ismail OM, Wu J, Xie X, Li X, Xu G, Dou D, Wang X. Efficiency of chitosan application against Phytophthora infestans and the activation of defence mechanisms in potato. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1670-1680. [PMID: 34022316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases that results in huge losses of potato crops worldwide. Chitosan as a defence elicitor can induce plant innate immunity against pathogen infection, but the efficiency and specific defence mechanism of chitosan against late blight in potato have not been elaborated. In this study, we demonstrated that the application of chitosan significantly enhanced potato resistance and reduced P. infestans infection in potted potato and in the field. Large-scale transcriptomic analysis suggested that chitosan preferentially activated several important pathways related to the plant defence response. Notably, we revealed that chitosan triggered pattern-triggered immunity responses in potato. Chitosan could trigger pattern recognition receptors to initiate intracellular signalling, and gradually amplify the immune signal. qRT-PCR verification showed that chitosan induced the expression of defence-related genes in potato. Moreover, treatment with chitosan result in Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) in potato, including an accumulation of plant hormone salicylic acid, increase in the level of phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and a content decrease of malondialdehyde. These findings help elucidate chitosan-mediated activation of the immune system in potato and provide a potential ecofriendly strategy to control potato late blight in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkai Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ziwei He
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Omayma M Ismail
- Horticultural Crop Technology, National Research Center (NRC), 12311, Egypt
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Um-E-Aiman, Nisar N, Tsuzuki T, Lowe A, Rossiter JT, Javaid A, Powell G, Waseem R, Al-Mijalli SH, Iqbal M. Chitin nanofibers trigger membrane bound defense signaling and induce elicitor activity in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:253-262. [PMID: 33636267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that chitin-based nanofibers (CNFs) trigger the chitinase genes (PGIP1 and CaChi2), while elevating salicylic acid that can protect plants against pathogens. Cross-talk between this genetic induction and salicylic-acid-mediated immune response was also observed, which may arm a plant against multiple pathovars. Crab and mushroom based CNFs were synthesized by electrospinning and ball milling techniques. Plants (mung bean, Vigna radiata) (pepper, Capsicum annuum) were pre-inoculated with CNFs and treated with the pathogens Scrolotium rolfsii for pepper and Macrophomina phaseolina for mung bean and shrimp-based CNFs were used as a control. Treated plants had elevated levels of chitinase genes in response to CNFs at inoculation concentrations <10 mg/mL both in soil and media, to protect them against the pathogenic fungal disease. After 24 h of exposure to the pathogens, qRT-PCR showed genes class II chitinase gene (CaChi2) and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein 1 (PGIP1) to be up-regulated in both root and shoot at 0.1 and 1 mg/mL of inoculation, respectively. The ball milled mushroom CNFs were sufficient to trigger the membrane based enzymes with less diameter (≥15 nm) to be most efficient versus others. In vitro analysis showed IC50 of ball milled mushroom CNFs to be most efficient in limiting the growth of fungal biomass. Further trigger-like effects were prominent in reducing pathogenic fungal spread in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Um-E-Aiman
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numrah Nisar
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Takuya Tsuzuki
- Department of Engineering, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Adrian Lowe
- Department of Engineering, Australian National University, Australia
| | | | - Arshad Javaid
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Samiah H Al-Mijalli
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The university of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Li Z, Wang H, An S, Yin X. Nanochitin whisker enhances insecticidal activity of chemical pesticide for pest insect control and toxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:49. [PMID: 33593391 PMCID: PMC7885609 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials in plant protection promise many benefits over conventional pesticide products. Nano-enabled pesticides may alter the functionality or risk profile of active ingredients. Cationic nanochitin whiskers (NC) possess strong biological activity against wheat aphids. However, toxicity and synergistic effects of NC with chemical pesticides against pest insects has not been systemically reported. This study investigated the insecticidal enhancement by NC with Omethoate (40% EC), Imidacloprid (10% WP), and Acetamiprid (40% WG) for pest control using wheat aphid as piercing-sucking mouthparts insect. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled NC was used to monitor the uptake and transportation pathway of NC inside the target insects. Toxicity of NC was tested with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for future application of NC in plant protection against pest insects. RESULTS NCs synthesized by acidic hydrolysis were rod-like nanoparticles in a range of 50-150 nm in length and 30-50 nm in width, which examined by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering methods. The charge density and zeta potential were about 63 mmol/kg and + 36.4 mV, respectively. By absorption and/or contact action of 30-50 mg/L of NC suspension, the corrected mortality of wheat aphids reached up to 80% or above after 12 h treatment, NC could be distributed through digestive system and relocated from mouth to other tissues inside the insect body. When associated with dilutions of conventional pesticides, the corrected mortality were significantly increased up to 95% or above. The dosage of the chemical pesticide and nanochitin in the mixtures (1:1 by volume) were all reduced to half. The acute oral toxicity Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) to SD rat is greater than 5000 mg/kg BW (body weight) in male and female, acute dermal toxicity LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg BW of NC. CONCLUSIONS NC has a strong promotive effect on insecticidal effectiveness of chemical insecticides. It was easily absorbed by plant, transported and distributed from mouth to other tissues of the insects while sucking plant fluid. Low acute oral and dermal toxicity to SD rat indicated that it is safe to apply in agriculture and food industry. NCs has a great potential for water-based nanopesticide formulation to reduce chemical pesticide use for future agro-environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pesticide Science/Nano Agro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hezhong Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China. .,Department of Pesticide Science/Nano Agro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shiheng An
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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