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Messele YE, Werid GM, Petrovski K. Meta-Analysis on the Global Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Beef Cattle. Vet Sci 2023; 10:479. [PMID: 37505883 PMCID: PMC10385540 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global concern, with the widespread use of antimicrobials in One Health contributing significantly to this phenomenon. Among various antimicrobials, tetracyclines are extensively used in the beef cattle industry, potentially contributing to the development of resistance in bacterial populations. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between tetracycline use in beef cattle and the development of tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates. A comprehensive search was conducted using multiple databases to gather relevant observational studies evaluating tetracycline use and tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle. The rate of tetracycline resistance from each study served as the effect measure and was pooled using a random-effects model, considering possible disparities among studies. The meta-analysis of 14 prospective longitudinal studies resulted in a 0.31 prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli in non-intervention (no exposure), contrasting numerically elevated resistance rates in the intervention (exposed) groups of 0.53 and 0.39 in those receiving tetracyclines via feed or systemically, respectively. Despite the observed numerical differences, no statistically significant differences existed between intervention and non-intervention groups, challenging the conventional belief that antimicrobial use in livestock inherently leads to increased AMR. The findings of this study underscore the need for additional research to fully understand the complex relationship between antimicrobial use and AMR development. A considerable degree of heterogeneity across studies, potentially driven by variations in study design and diverse presentation of results, indicates the intricate and complex nature of AMR development. Further research with standardized methodologies might help elucidate the relationship between tetracycline use and resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes E Messele
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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Mitiku BA, Mitiku MA, Ayalew GG, Alemu H, Geremew UM, Wubayehu MT. Microbiological quality assessment of fish origin food along the production chain in upper Blue Nile watershed, Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:1096-1103. [PMID: 36789068 PMCID: PMC9922121 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms can grow accidentally on fish origin human food and can be a cause of human food-borne illness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence and microbial load pattern of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella spp. along the fish origin food value chain. A total of 396 fish samples were collected by a systematic random sampling technique of cooked and raw in the three species of fish. Fish muscles were tested using selective media, followed by conventional biochemical tests. The bacterial load was assessed using a standard plate count method. Whereas the fungal load were measured by cultured in a Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) medium. The overall prevalence was Escherichia coli 84 (21.21%), Salmonella 27 (6.82%), Staphylococcus aureus 19 (4.80%), and Shigella spp. 17 (4.29%). The average mean total coliform count was observed 1.2 × 102 cfu/g and 5.10 × 104 cfu/g in cooked and raw fish samples, respectively. Whereas total viable count mean of 8.05 × 104 cfu/g and 11.5 × 104 cfu/g in cooked and raw fish, respectively. The Fungal load counts under the range 5.6 × 101 cfu/g to 1.09 × 103cfu/g were observed. The study has revealed that fish food in the study area has the possibility of microbial public health risk. Hence, it could be wise to improve the knowledge of key actors from harvesting to consumption to enhance the meals protection practices and high-quality standards of fish foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhan Agmas Mitiku
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
| | - Marshet Adugna Mitiku
- Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural ResearchNational Fishery and Aquatic Life Research CenterSebetaEthiopia
| | | | - Halo Yohans Alemu
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
| | - Umer Masrie Geremew
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
| | - Mekidm Tamer Wubayehu
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
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Yohans H, Mitiku BA, Tassew H. Levels of Escherichia coli as Bio-Indicator of Contamination of Fish Food and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Along the Value Chain in Northwest Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2022; 13:299-311. [PMID: 36348955 PMCID: PMC9637335 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s373738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbiological contamination in fish origin foods is the leading risk for public health. Among the range of pathogenic bacterial species that cause fish food borne diseases is Escherichia coli. The pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause diarrhea by producing and releasing toxins and can also be the cause of food spoilage in fish. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices of fish handlers, to evaluate bacterial load and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli along the fish value chain in Northwest Ethiopia. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were used for uncooked and cooked fish samples respectively. RESULTS From a total of 180 fish samples, 36 (20%) were positive for Escherichia coli. From 115 uncooked and 65 cooked fish samples examined, 27 (23.5%) and 9 (13.8%) had E. coli respectively. The highest mean bacterial count was observed in raw fish samples (6.13 × 105 cfu/g), followed by cooked fish samples (2.81 × 104 cfu/g). Among the interviewed fish handlers, 83.3%, 76.7% and 80% of respondents had good knowledge and attitude towards using a clean cutting-and-filleting board, storing raw and cooked foods separately and using an apron for reducing the risk of fish contamination, respectively. All 36 isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. Of the Escherichia coli isolates subjected to tetracycline, 55.6% were resistant, 8.3% were intermediate and 36.1% were susceptible. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This study revealed that there was a lack hygienic practice and high Escherichia coli profiles were observed. Hence, it could be wise to advise the fish harvesters, fish traders, hotels and restaurants about fish food safety practices from harvesting to consumption to improve fish food safety practices and quality standards of fish harvested and sold in northwest Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halo Yohans
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Agmas Mitiku
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Tassew
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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High Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Highlight Arapaima gigas (Pisces: Arapaimidae) as a Reservoir of Quinolone-Resistant Strains in Brazilian Amazon Rivers. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040808. [PMID: 35456858 PMCID: PMC9030826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in distinct ecological niches, comprising water sources and food-producing animals, such as fish species, has been widely reported. In the present study, quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from Arapirama gigas, a major fish species in the Brazilian Amazon rivers and fish farms, were characterized regarding their antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, and genetic diversity. A total of forty (40) specimens of A. gigas, including 20 farmed and 20 wild fish, were included. Thirty-four quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were phenotypically tested by broth microdilution, while resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. Molecular epidemiology and genetic relatedness were analyzed by MLST and PFGE typing. The majority of isolates were classified as MDR and detected harboring blaCTX-M, qnrA and qnrB genes. Enterotoxigenic E. coli pathotype (ETEC) isolates were presented in low prevalence among farmed animals. MLST and PFGE genotyping revealed a wide genetic background, including the detection of internationally spread clones. The obtained data point out A. gigas as a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon aquatic ecosystems and warns of the interference of AMR strains in wildlife and environmental matrices.
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A Farm-to-Fork Quantitative Microbial Exposure Assessment of β-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli among U.S. Beef Consumers. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030661. [PMID: 35336235 PMCID: PMC8952336 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated quantitative descriptions of the transmission of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli (BR-EC) from commercial beef products to consumers are not available. Here, a quantitative microbial exposure assessment model was established to simulate the fate of BR-EC in a farm-to-fork continuum and provide an estimate of BR-EC exposure among beef consumers in the U.S. The model compared the per-serving exposures from the consumption of intact beef cuts, non-intact beef cuts, and ground beef. Additionally, scenario analysis was performed to evaluate the relative contribution of antibiotic use during beef cattle production to the level of human exposure to BR-EC. The model predicted mean numbers of BR-EC of 1.7 × 10−4, 8.7 × 10−4, and 6.9 × 10−1 CFU/serving for intact beef cuts, non-intact beef cuts, and ground beef, respectively, at the time of consumption. Sensitivity analyses using the baseline model suggested that factors related to sectors along the supply chain, i.e., feedlots, processing plants, retailers, and consumers, were all important for controlling human exposure to BR-EC. Interventions at the processing and post-processing stages are expected to be most effective. Simulation results showed that a decrease in antibiotic use among beef cattle might be associated with a reduction in exposure to BR-EC from beef consumption. However, the absolute reduction was moderate, indicating that the effectiveness of restricting antibiotic use as a standalone strategy for mitigating human exposure to BR-EC through beef consumption is still uncertain. Good cooking and hygiene practices at home and advanced safety management practices in the beef processing and post-processing continuum are more powerful approaches for reducing human exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in beef products.
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Aljowaie RM, Abdel Gawwad MR, Al Farraj DA, H JK, Rajendran P. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of lipopeptide against drug resistant Vibrio species. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1887-1892. [PMID: 34711526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unrestricted application of antibiotics increased antimicrobial resistance in bacteria through horizontal gene transfer of resistant genes from the pathogenic sources and the evolution of multi-drug resistance organisms. The application of antibiotics caused severe risk to human health because animals may transmit diseases to humans. Hence, the search of novel antimicrobial agents from microbial sources is an urgent need. METHODS A lipopeptide producing stain SU05 was isolated from the pond water by serial dilution method. The lipopeptide yield was improved after optimization method and the yield was analyzed using High Performance Liquid chromatography. The influence of wheat bran (0.5%-2.5%) and rice bran (0.5%-2.5%), pH (5.5-8.5), temperature (25-40 °C) were screened to improve the production of lipopeptides by stain SU05 in submerged fermentation. Antibacterial activity of crude lipopeptide was tested against Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio septicus, Vibrio fischeri, and Vibrio splendidus. The influence of lipopeptide on enzymes and antimicrobial property was analyzed. RESULTS Lipopeptide production was improved after nutrient supplements and optimization of physical factors. Lipopeptide showed potent activity against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains such as, V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. vulnificus, V. salmonicida, V. septicus, V. fischeri, and V. splendidus. Lipopeptide shows stability on various enzymes and this clearly revealed that the purified lipopeptide was highly stable in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. The findings suggest that lipopeptide SU05 characterized from the bacteria can survive at acidic environment in the intestine, and could be used to formulate fish feed. CONCLUSIONS The finding showed that the characterized lipopepties synthesized by B. amyloliquefaciens SU05 had a broad spectrum antibiotic potential against multidrug resistant Vibriosis causing bacterial pathogens. They were highly stable at broad temperature and pH ranges. These results demonstrated stability of lipopeptide at extreme conditions. The stability and activity of lipopeptide at extreme climatic condition is also useful for the application in pharmaceutical and food processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Aljowaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Abdel Gawwad
- Genetics & Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose Kingsly H
- Vizhinjam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Vizhinjam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - P Rajendran
- Kanyakumari Field Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kanyakumari, India
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Zhang Y, Schmidt JW, Arthur TM, Wheeler TL, Wang B. A Comparative Quantitative Assessment of Human Exposure to Various Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria among U.S. Ground Beef Consumers. J Food Prot 2021; 84:736-759. [PMID: 33270822 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Consumption of animal-derived meat products is suspected as an important exposure route to antimicrobial resistance, as the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) along the beef supply chain is well documented. A retail-to-fork quantitative exposure assessment was established to compare consumers' exposure to various ARB due to the consumption of ground beef with and without "raised without antibiotics" claims and to inform potential exposure mitigation strategies related to consumer practices. The microbial agents evaluated included Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli,Salmonella enterica, TETrS. enterica, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant S. enterica, nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica, Enterococcus spp., TETrEnterococcus spp., erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The final model outputs were the probability of exposure to at least 0 to 6 log CFU microorganisms per serving of ground beef at the time of consumption. It was estimated that tetracycline resistance was more prevalent in ground beef compared with other types of resistance, among which the predicted average probability of ingesting TETrEnterococcus was highest (6.2% of ingesting at least 0 log CFU per serving), followed by TETrE. coli (3.1%) and TETrSalmonella (0.0001%), given common product purchase preferences and preparation behaviors among beef consumers in the United States. The effectiveness of consumer-related interventions was estimated by simulating the differences in exposure as a result of changes in consumer practices in purchasing, handling, and preparing ground beef. The results indicated that proper use of recommended safe cooking and food preparation practices mitigates ARB exposure more effectively than choosing raised without antibiotics compared with conventional beef. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjunna Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - John W Schmidt
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0174-2252 [B.W.])
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Servia-Dopazo M, Taracido-Trunk M, Figueiras A. Non-Clinical Factors Determining the Prescription of Antibiotics by Veterinarians: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020133. [PMID: 33573109 PMCID: PMC7912449 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and plants is related to the spread of resistant antibiotic strains among humans and animals. In this paper, we carry out a bibliographic search of Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Cab Abstracts with the main objective of ascertaining the available evidence on non-clinical factors and attitudes that could influence the prescription of antibiotics by veterinarians. A total of 34 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Whereas, veterinary health professionals' prescribing habits did not appear to be influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics, they were influenced by different attitudes, such as fear (identified in 19 out of 34 studies), self-confidence (19/34), business factors (19/34), and by complacency (16/34). Certain owner-related factors, such as lack of awareness (16/34) and demand for antibiotics (12/34), were also important, as were concurrent factors, ranging from a lack of appropriate regulations (10/34) to the expense and delays involved in performing culture and sensitivity tests (10/34) and inadequate farm hygiene (8/34). Our results appear to indicate that the non-clinical factors are potentially modifiable. This may be useful for designing interventions targeted at improving antibiotic use in animals, as part of an overall strategy to reduce the global spread of multi-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Servia-Dopazo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Salnés Clinical Hospital, 36619 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarita Taracido-Trunk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.T.-T.); (A.F.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.T.-T.); (A.F.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ogunrinu OJ, Norman KN, Vinasco J, Levent G, Lawhon SD, Fajt VR, Volkova VV, Gaire T, Poole TL, Genovese KJ, Wittum TE, Scott HM. Can the use of older-generation beta-lactam antibiotics in livestock production over-select for beta-lactamases of greatest consequence for human medicine? An in vitro experimental model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242195. [PMID: 33196662 PMCID: PMC7668573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though carbapenems are not licensed for use in food animals in the U.S., carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has been identified in farm animals and their environments. The objective of our study was to determine the extent to which older-generation β-lactam antibiotics approved for use in food animals in the U.S. might differentially select for resistance to antibiotics of critical importance to human health, such as carbapenems. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from humans, food animals, or the environment bearing a single β-lactamase gene (n = 20 each) for blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, and blaCTX-M-* or else blaKPC/IMP/NDM (due to limited availability, often in combination with other bla genes), were identified, along with 20 E. coli strains lacking any known beta-lactamase genes. Baseline estimates of intrinsic bacterial fitness were derived from the population growth curves. Effects of ampicillin (32 μg/mL), ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) and meropenem (4 μg/mL) on each strain and resistance-group also were assessed. Further, in vitro batch cultures were prepared by mixing equal concentrations of 10 representative E. coli strains (two from each resistance gene group), and each mixture was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in non-antibiotic cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton II (CAMH-2) broth, ampicillin + CAMH-2 broth (at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL) and ceftiofur + CAMH-2 broth (at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8μg/mL). Relative and absolute abundance of resistance-groups were estimated phenotypically. Line plots of the raw data were generated, and non-linear Gompertz models and multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were fitted to the data. The observed strain growth rate distributions were significantly different across the groups. AmpC strains (i.e., blaCMY-2) had distinctly less robust (p < 0.05) growth in ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) compared to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers harboring blaCTX-M-*variants. With increasing beta-lactam antibiotic concentrations, relative proportions of ESBLs and CREs were over-represented in the mixed bacterial communities; importantly, this was more pronounced with ceftiofur than with ampicillin. These results indicate that aminopenicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins would be expected to propagate carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in food animals if and when Enterobacteriaceae from human health care settings enter the food animal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju J. Ogunrinu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Virginia R. Fajt
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria V. Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tara Gaire
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Feng X, Littier HM, Knowlton KF, Garner E, Pruden A. The impacts of feeding milk with antibiotics on the fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes in dairy calves. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ingestion of antibiotics on the microbiome of the young calf are not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding milk containing pirlimycin on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of dairy calves using a metagenomic approach. In this study calves were assigned to either pasteurized whole milk (control; n = 5) or pasteurized whole milk containing 0.2 mg L−1 of pirlimycin (treatment; n = 5). Fecal samples were collected on days 1, 42, and 84. Functional analysis of DNA via metagenomic rapid annotations using subsystems technology revealed that pirlimycin had no effects on abundance of sequences coding for different cell functions except in the “phage, prophage, and transposable elements” category. Evaluation of the major antibiotic resistance types in samples via annotation against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database analysis showed no difference between the two groups. The results of this study will help assess the risk of use of antibiotics in animal agriculture and increase our understanding of how antibiotics present in waste milk affects both calves and their manure, and will lay the groundwork for future research on manure treatment or other strategies to minimize any negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Heather M. Littier
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Katharine F. Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Emily Garner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Davedow T, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zaheer R, Sanderson H, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Klima C, Booker CW, Hannon SJ, Bras AL, Gow S, McAllister T. Investigation of a Reduction in Tylosin on the Prevalence of Liver Abscesses and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci in Feedlot Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:90. [PMID: 32185186 PMCID: PMC7059211 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent concerns over linkages between antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens and antimicrobial use in livestock have prompted researchers to investigate management strategies that reduce the current reliance on in-feed tylosin to control liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. A total of 7,576 crossbred yearlings were allocated to the study (~253 animals/pen, 10 replicate pens per treatment) and individually randomized to one of three treatments. Tylosin phosphate (11 ppm) was included in-feed (1) for the first 125 days on feed (DOF) (FIRST-78%), (2) for DOF 41 to 161 (LAST-75%), or (3) for the entire feeding period (CON; day 0–161). Fecal composites were collected from the pen floor on days 0, 81, and 160 of the finishing period. Serial dilutions were spread plated for enumeration of enterococci on Bile Esculin Azide (BEA) agar and BEA amended with 8 μg/ml erythromycin. Results indicated that although the proportion of EryR enterococci increased with DOF (P < 0.01), neither treatment (P = 0.34) or treatment × DOF (P = 0.37) affected antimicrobial resistance. Of the 538 isolates, 97% were enterococci, with mixed species isolated early in the feeding period and only Enterococcus hirae isolated at the end. Isolates were most frequently resistant to tylosin (86%), erythromycin (84%), and doxycycline (31%). Macrolide and tetracycline resistant isolates harbored erm(B), msrC, and tet(L), tet(M), tet(O) genes, respectively. Overall, the proportion of EryR enterococci increased (P < 0.05) in all three treatments over the feeding period. Compared to the control cattle, FIRST-78% cattle had more severe (P < 0.05) liver abscesses, while there was a trend (P < 0.08) for this response in LAST-75% cattle. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in total liver abscesses, growth performance, carcass traits, morbidity, or mortality among treatments. These results support the potential to reduce the duration and therefore quantity of tylosin administered to feedlot cattle during the feeding period without impacting animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Davedow
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Haley Sanderson
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Argenis Rodas-Gonzalez
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Cassidy Klima
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Ana L Bras
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, AB, Canada
| | - Sheryl Gow
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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12
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Wu X, Suksawat F, Richards AL, Phommachanh S, Phongaran D, Angkititrakul S. Evaluation of the Containment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Species from a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and a Non-HACCP Pig Slaughterhouses in Northeast Thailand. Pathogens 2019; 9:E20. [PMID: 31878260 PMCID: PMC7168580 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the containment of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella contaminations of a HACCP slaughterhouse (HACCP SH) and a non-HACCP slaughterhouse (non-HACCPSH), 360 paired pig rectal (representing the farm pig status) and carcass samples (representing the contamination) were collected equally from the two slaughterhouses that serviced 6 and 12 farms, respectively, in Northeast Thailand (n = 720). The purified Salmonella isolates were serotype identified, antimicrobial susceptibility tested, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assessed. Four evaluations of two slaughterhouses were examined: (1) the means of slaughtering contamination rates (SCR) (to evaluate the contamination level by averaged farm SCRs): the HACCP SH decreased contamination (SCR: -48.89% ± 8.80%, n = 6), whereas the non-HACCP SH increased (SCR: 14.31% ± 9.35%, n = 12). (2) The serotype diversity: the HACCP SH decreased the diversity from the rectal group (110 isolates, 9 serotypes) to carcass group (23 isolates, 3 serotypes), whereas there was no decrease in the non-HACCP SH (rectal group (66 isolates, 14 serotypes) and carcass group (31 isolates, 10 serotypes)). (3) The AMR patterns: the HACCP SH decreased from rectal group (96 isolates, 7 patterns) to carcass group (22 isolates, 1 pattern), whereas there was no decrease from the non-HACCP SH rectal group (22 isolates, 7 patterns) to carcass group (48 isolates, 8 patterns). (4) The estimated indirect contamination rate (by serotype screening and PFGE confirmation): the HACCP SH was 60.87% (14/23), whereas the non-HACCP SH was 98.48% (65/66). This study indicates that both the slaughterhouses keep a high level of indirect contamination; the HACCP SH decreases Salmonella contaminations and reduces the AMR patterns, the non-HACCP SH increases contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
| | - Fanan Suksawat
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Allen L. Richards
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Seangphed Phommachanh
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane 7322, Laos
| | - Dusadee Phongaran
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
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13
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Shen Y, Davedow T, Ran T, Saleem AM, Yoon I, Narvaez C, Mcallister TA, Yang W. Ruminally protected and unprotected Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4323-4333. [PMID: 31410465 PMCID: PMC6776282 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; NaturSafe, SCFPns; and Original XPC, XPC; Diamond V) on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and antimicrobial resistance in beef steers fed high-grain diets. Ninety Angus steers (initial body weight [BW], 533 ± 9.8 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 6 treatments (n = 15/treatment): 1) control, 2) low (12 g SCFPns·steer-1·d-1), 3) medium (15 g SCFPns·steer-1·d-1), 4) high SCFP (18 g SCFPns·steer-1·d-1), 5) encapsulated XPC (eXPC; 7 g XPC·steer-1·d-1 encapsulated with 9 g capsule material), and 6) antibiotics (ANT; 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer-1·d-1). Steers were fed ad libitum a diet containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley grain concentrate mix (dry matter basis) for 105 d. Increasing SCFPns tended (P < 0.09) to linearly increase feed efficiency. Average daily gain (ADG) tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers supplemented with eXPC than control. The SCFPns also tended (P < 0.10) to linearly increase marbling score. Proportion of severely abscessed livers tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in steers supplemented with medium and high SCFPns, eXPC, or ANT. A treatment × days on feed interaction were noticed (P < 0.01) for blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and acute phase proteins. The concentration of blood glucose responded quadratically (P < 0.05) on days 28 and 56, whereas BUN linearly (P < 0.01) increased on day 105 with increasing SCFPns dose. The SCFPns linearly increased haptoglobin (P < 0.03) and serum amyloid A (SAA;P < 0.05) concentrations on day 105, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP;P < 0.01) on days 56 and 105. The percentage of erythromycin-resistant and erythromycin + tetracycline-resistant enterococci was greater (P < 0.05) with ANT than control, SCFPns, and eXPC, whereas no difference was observed among control, SCFPns, and eXPC. No treatment effect was detected on the percentage of tetracycline-resistant enterococci. These results indicate that feeding SCFPns and eXPC was beneficial in improving ADG, feed efficiency and decreasing liver abscesses in a manner comparable to ANT. Unlike antibiotics, SCFPns or eXPC did not increase antimicrobial resistance. Both SCFPns and eXPC are potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Taylor Davedow
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2
| | - Tao Ran
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Atef M Saleem
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ilkyu Yoon
- Diamond V, 2525 60th Ave SW, Cedar Rapids, IA
| | - Claudia Narvaez
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2
| | | | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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14
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Murphy CP, Carson C, Smith BA, Chapman B, Marrotte J, McCann M, Primeau C, Sharma P, Parmley EJ. Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle, chickens and pigs: A scoping review of publications for use in modelling of antimicrobial resistance (IAM.AMR Project). Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:957-971. [PMID: 30187682 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue with a large volume of published literature, and there is a need for synthesis of primary studies for an integrated understanding of this topic. Our research team aimed to have a more complete understanding of antimicrobial resistance in Canada (IAM.AMR Project) using multiple methods including the literature reviews and quantitative modelling. To accomplish this goal, qualitative features of publications (e.g., geographical location, study population) describing potential relationships between the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and factors (e.g., antimicrobial use; management system) were of particular interest. The objectives of this review were to (a) describe the available peer-reviewed literature reporting potential relationships between factors and antimicrobial resistance; and (b) to highlight data gaps. A comprehensive literature search and screening were performed to identify studies investigating factors potentially linked with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica along the farm-to-fork pathway (farm, abattoir (slaughter houses) and retail meats) for the major Canadian livestock species (beef cattle, broiler chicken and pigs). The literature search returned 14,966 potentially relevant titles and abstracts. Following screening of titles, abstracts and full-text articles, the qualitative features of retained studies (n = 28) were extracted. The most common factors identified were antimicrobial use (n = 13 studies) and type of farm management system (e.g., antibiotic-free, organic; n = 8). Most studies were conducted outside of Canada and involved investigations at the farm level. Identified data gaps included the effect of vaccination, industry-specific factors (e.g., livestock density) and factors at sites other than farm along the agri-food chain. Further investigation of these factors and other relevant industry activities are needed for the development of quantitative models that aim to identify effective interventions to mitigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance along the agri-food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P Murphy
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Visiting Fellow, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolee Carson
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben A Smith
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan Chapman
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayme Marrotte
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maggie McCann
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Primeau
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parth Sharma
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Jane Parmley
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Scott AM, Beller E, Glasziou P, Clark J, Ranakusuma RW, Byambasuren O, Bakhit M, Page SW, Trott D, Mar CD. Is antimicrobial administration to food animals a direct threat to human health? A rapid systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:316-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Hardefeldt LY, Gilkerson JR, Billman-Jacobe H, Stevenson MA, Thursky K, Bailey KE, Browning GF. Barriers to and enablers of implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in veterinary practices. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1092-1099. [PMID: 29573053 PMCID: PMC5980358 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are yet to be widely implemented in veterinary practice and medical programs are unlikely to be directly applicable to veterinary settings. OBJECTIVE To gain an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence effective AMS in veterinary practices in Australia. METHODS A concurrent explanatory mixed methods design was used. The quantitative phase of the study consisted of an online questionnaire to assess veterinarians' attitudes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use in animals, and the extent to which AMS currently is implemented (knowingly or unknowingly). The qualitative phase used semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of the barriers to and enablers of AMS in veterinary practices. Data were collected and entered into NVivo v.11, openly coded and analyzed according to mixed methods data analysis principles. RESULTS Companion animal, equine, and bovine veterinarians participated in the study. Veterinary practices rarely had antimicrobial prescribing policies. The key barriers were a lack of AMS governance structures, client expectations and competition between practices, cost of microbiological testing, and lack of access to education, training and AMS resources. The enablers were concern for the role of veterinary antimicrobial use in development of AMR in humans, a sense of pride in the service provided, and preparedness to change prescribing practices. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our study can guide development and establishment of AMS programs in veterinary practices by defining the major issues that influence the prescribing behavior of veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Y Hardefeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J R Gilkerson
- Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Billman-Jacobe
- Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M A Stevenson
- Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Thursky
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - K E Bailey
- Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - G F Browning
- Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Obaidat MM, Bani Salman AE, Davis MA, Roess AA. Major diseases, extensive misuse, and high antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in large- and small-scale dairy cattle farms in Jordan. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2324-2334. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Ferri M, Ranucci E, Romagnoli P, Giaccone V. Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2857-2876. [PMID: 26464037 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) became in the last two decades a global threat to public health systems in the world. Since the antibiotic era, with the discovery of the first antibiotics that provided consistent health benefits to human medicine, the misuse and abuse of antimicrobials in veterinary and human medicine have accelerated the growing worldwide phenomenon of AMR. This article presents an extensive overview of the epidemiology of AMR, with a focus on the link between food producing-animals and humans and on the legal framework and policies currently implemented at the EU level and globally. The ways of responding to the AMR challenges foresee an array of measures that include: designing more effective preventive measures at farm level to reduce the use of antimicrobials; development of novel antimicrobials; strengthening of AMR surveillance system in animal and human populations; better knowledge of the ecology of resistant bacteria and resistant genes; increased awareness of stakeholders on the prudent use of antibiotics in animal productions and clinical arena; and the public health and environmental consequences of AMR. Based on the global nature of AMR and considering that bacterial resistance does not recognize barriers and can spread to people and the environment, the article ends with specific recommendations structured around a holistic approach and targeted to different stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valerio Giaccone
- d Department of Animal Medicine , Veterinary School, Padua University , Padua , Italy
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19
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Cazer CL, Ducrot L, Volkova VV, Gröhn YT. Monte Carlo Simulations Suggest Current Chlortetracycline Drug-Residue Based Withdrawal Periods Would Not Control Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination from Feedlot to Slaughterhouse. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1753. [PMID: 29033901 PMCID: PMC5627025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in beef cattle can increase antimicrobial resistance prevalence in their enteric bacteria, including potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli. These bacteria can contaminate animal products at slaughterhouses and cause food-borne illness, which can be difficult to treat if it is due to antimicrobial resistant bacteria. One potential intervention to reduce the dissemination of resistant bacteria from feedlot to consumer is to impose a withdrawal period after antimicrobial use, similar to the current withdrawal period designed to prevent drug residues in edible animal meat. We investigated tetracycline resistance in generic E. coli in the bovine large intestine during and after antimicrobial treatment by building a mathematical model of oral chlortetracycline pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and E. coli population dynamics. We tracked three E. coli subpopulations (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant) during and after treatment with each of three United States chlortetracycline indications (liver abscess reduction, disease control, disease treatment). We compared the proportion of resistant E. coli before antimicrobial use to that at several time points after treatment and found a greater proportion of resistant enteric E. coli after the current withdrawal periods than prior to treatment. In order for the proportion of resistant E. coli in the median beef steer to return to the pre-treatment level, withdrawal periods of 15 days after liver abscess reduction dosing (70 mg daily), 31 days after disease control dosing (350 mg daily), and 36 days after disease treatment dosing (22 mg/kg bodyweight for 5 days) are required in this model. These antimicrobial resistance withdrawal periods would be substantially longer than the current U.S. withdrawals of 0–2 days or Canadian withdrawals of 5–10 days. One published field study found similar time periods necessary to reduce the proportion of resistant E. coli following chlortetracycline disease treatment to those suggested by this model, but additional carefully designed field studies are necessary to confirm the model results. This model is limited to biological processes within the cattle and does not include resistance selection in the feedlot environment or co-selection of chlortetracycline resistance following other antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Cazer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
| | - Lucas Ducrot
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
| | - Victoriya V Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Yrjö T Gröhn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, United States
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20
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Hanefeld J, Khan M, Tomson G, Smith R. Trade is central to achieving the sustainable development goals: a case study of antimicrobial resistance. BMJ 2017; 358:j3505. [PMID: 28739673 PMCID: PMC5523143 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Johanna Hanefeld and colleagues highlight the links between trade and health and argue for greater consideration of trade agreements in actions to meet the sustainable development goals
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hanefeld
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Mishal Khan
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Göran Tomson
- Public Health-Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation (SIGHT), Stockholm
| | - Richard Smith
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
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21
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Muurinen J, Stedtfeld R, Karkman A, Pärnänen K, Tiedje J, Virta M. Influence of Manure Application on the Environmental Resistome under Finnish Agricultural Practice with Restricted Antibiotic Use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5989-5999. [PMID: 28453251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in farm environments can potentially foster the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We studied the resistome of Finnish dairy and swine farms where use of antibiotics is limited to treating bacterial infections and manure is only applied from April to September. The resistome of manure, soil, and tile drainage water from the ditch was investigated from the beginning of the growing season until forage harvest. The relative ARG and MGE abundance was measured using a qPCR array with 363 primer pairs. Manure samples had the highest abundance of ARGs and MGEs, which increased during storage. Immediately following land application, the ARGs abundant in manure were detected in soil, but their abundance decreased over time with many becoming undetectable. This suggests that increases in ARG abundances after fertilizing are temporary and occur annually under agricultural practices that restrict antibiotic use. A few of the ARGs were detected in the ditch water, but most of them were undetected in the manure. Our results document the dissipation and dissemination off farm of ARGs under Finnish limited antibiotic use and suggest that such practices could help reduce the load of antibiotic-resistance genes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Muurinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Robert Stedtfeld
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1325, United States
| | - Antti Karkman
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Katariina Pärnänen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - James Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1325, United States
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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22
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Palanisamy S, Chang Y, Scaria J, Penha Filho RAC, Peters KE, Doiphode SH, Sultan A, Mohammed HO. Genetic Relatedness Among Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Isolated Along the Animal Food Supply Chain and in Gastroenteritis Cases in Qatar Using Multilocus Sequence Typing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:318-325. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - YuChen Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | | | - Kenlyn E. Peters
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Ali Sultan
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Cameron A, McAllister TA. Antimicrobial usage and resistance in beef production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27999667 PMCID: PMC5154118 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are critical to contemporary high-intensity beef production. Many different antimicrobials are approved for beef cattle, and are used judiciously for animal welfare, and controversially, to promote growth and feed efficiency. Antimicrobial administration provides a powerful selective pressure that acts on the microbial community, selecting for resistance gene determinants and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria resident in the bovine flora. The bovine microbiota includes many harmless bacteria, but also opportunistic pathogens that may acquire and propagate resistance genes within the microbial community via horizontal gene transfer. Antimicrobial-resistant bovine pathogens can also complicate the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in beef feedlots, threatening the efficiency of the beef production system. Likewise, the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to bovine-associated human pathogens is a potential public health concern. This review outlines current antimicrobial use practices pertaining to beef production, and explores the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in major bovine pathogens. The effect of antimicrobials on the composition of the bovine microbiota is examined, as are the effects on the beef production resistome. Antimicrobial resistance is further explored within the context of the wider beef production continuum, with emphasis on antimicrobial resistance genes in the food chain, and risk to the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cameron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB Canada
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Li L, Ye L, Kromann S, Meng H. Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases, Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance, and Disinfectant Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Ready-To-Eat Meat Products. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 14:109-115. [PMID: 27870554 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are growing concerns about the coselection of resistance against antibiotics and disinfectants in bacterial pathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQRs), and quaternary ammonium compound resistance genes (QACs) in Escherichia coli isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products obtained in Guangzhou, China, and to determine whether these genes were colocalized in the isolates. A total of 64 E. coli isolates were obtained from 720 RTE meat samples. Multidrug resistance was observed in 70.3% of the isolates. A 100% of the isolates were resistant to benzalkonium chloride. Four types of β-lactamase genes were identified in the 16 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates: blaSHV (9.4%), blaTEM (7.8%), blaCTX-M-15 (1.6%), and blaCTX-M-9 (1.6%). PMQRs were present in nine isolates (14.1%), with aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrD detected in eight (12.5%) and one isolate (1.6%), respectively. The QACs ydgE/ydgF were most commonly present (60.9%), while qacF, mdfA, sugE(p), emrE, qacG, sugE(c), and qacE were less prevalent (1.6%-18.8%). Coexistence of ESBLs and/or PMQRs with QACs was found in 21 isolates (32.8%). The aac(6')-Ib-cr and blaCTX-M-15 genes were found to be cotransferred with qacF in one isolate. The data obtained in this study indicate that ESBLs and/or PMQRs with QACs can not only be colocalized but can also be cotransferred in E. coli isolates from RTE meat products. The E. coli isolates with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes may transmit to humans through food chain and thus require further investigation and increased awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- 1 School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lei Ye
- 3 Research Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sofie Kromann
- 2 Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hecheng Meng
- 1 School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Benameur Q, Ben-Mahdi MH, Boutaiba BM, Tali-Maamar H, Assaous F, Guettou B, Rahal K. Analysis of high levels of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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26
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Iweriebor BC, Obi LC, Okoh AI. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors of Enterococcusspp. isolated from fecal samples from piggery farms in Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:136. [PMID: 26141237 PMCID: PMC4491265 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococci have emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in hospitals. The emergence of this pathogen is associated with a remarkable capacity to accumulate resistance to antimicrobials and multidrug-resistance particularly to vancomycin, erythromycin and streptomycin have become a major cause of concern for the infectious diseases community. In this paper, we report the prevalence of Enterococcus in respect to species distribution, their virulence and antibiogram profiles. Methods Four hundred fecal samples were collected from two piggery farms in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Enterococcus species were isolated and confirmed with generic specific primers targeting the tuf gene (encoding elongation factor). The confirmed isolates were speciated with enterococci species specific primers that aimed at delineating them into six species that are commonly associated with infections in humans. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Six virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were evaluated molecularly. Results Molecular identification of the presumptive isolates confirmed 320 isolates as Enterococcus spp. Attempt at speciation of the isolates with primers specific for E. faecalis, E. durans, E. casseliflavus, E. hirae and E. faecium delineated them as follows: E. faecalis (12.5 %), E. hirae (31.25 %), E. durans (18.75 %) and E. faecium (37.5 %) while E. casseliflavus was not detected. All the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, streptomycin and cloxacillin, and to at least two different classes of antibiotics, with 300 (93.8 %) isolates being resistant to five or more antibiotics. Also, three out of the six virulence genes were detected in majority of the isolates and they are Adhesion of collagen in E. faecalis (ace) (96.88 %), gelatinase (gelE) (93.13 %) and surface protein (esp) (67.8 %). Conclusion There was high prevalence of multi-resistant vancomycin Enterococcus spp. (VREs) in the fecal samples of pigs in the farms studied, and this poses health implications as vancomycin is an important drug in human medicine. Further studies are needed to determine the spread of vancomycin resistance among bacteria of human origin in the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson C Iweriebor
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa. .,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Larry C Obi
- Academic and Research Division, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa. .,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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Kilani H, Abbassi MS, Ferjani S, Mansouri R, Sghaier S, Ben Salem R, Jaouani I, Douja G, Brahim S, Hammami S, Ben Chehida N, Boubaker IBB. Occurrence of bla CTX-M-1, qnrB1 and virulence genes in avian ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Tunisia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:38. [PMID: 26000252 PMCID: PMC4419849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide. Animal to human dissemination, via food chain or direct contact, of these resistant bacteria has been reported. In Tunisia, little is known about avian ESBL- producing E. coli and further studies are needed. Seventeen ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from poultry feces from two farms (Farm 1 and farm 2) in the North of Tunisia have been used in this study. Eleven of these isolates (from farm 1) have the same resistance profile to nalidixic acid, sulfonamides, streptomycin, tetracycline, and norfloxacine (intermediately resistant). Out of the six isolates recovered from farm 2, only one was co-resistant to tetracycline. All isolates, except one, harbored blaCTX-M-1 gene, and one strain co-harbored the blaTEM-1 gene. The genes tetA and tetB were carried, respectively, by 11 and 1 amongst the 12 tetracycline-resistant isolates. Sulfonamides resistance was encoded by sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in 3, 17, and 5 isolates, respectively. The qnrB1 was detected in nine strains, one of which co-harbored qnrS1 gene. The search for the class 1 and 2 integrons by PCR showed that in farm 1, class 1 and 2 integrons were found in one and ten isolates, respectively. In farm 2, class 1 integron was found in only one isolate, class 2 was not detected. Only one gene cassette arrangement was demonstrated in the variable regions (VR) of the 10 int2-positive isolates: dfrA1- sat2-aadA1. The size of the VR of the class 1 integron was approximately 250 bp in one int1-positive isolate, whereas in the second isolate, no amplification was observed. All isolates of farm 1 belong to the phylogroup A (sub-group A0). However, different types of phylogroups in farm 2 were detected. Each of the phylogroups A1, B22, B23 was detected in one strain, while the D2 phylogroup was found in 3 isolates. The virulence genes iutA, fimH, and traT were detected in 3, 7, and 3 isolates, respectively. Two types of gene combination were detected: iutA+fimH+traT in 3 isolates and iutA+fimH in one isolate. The isolates recovered in farm 1 showed the same profile of PFGE macro-restriction, while isolates of farm 2 presented unrelated PFGE patterns. We conclude that these avian ESBL-producing E. coli isolates show homo- and heterogenic genetic background and that plasmids harboring ESBL genes could be involved in the dissemination of this resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Kilani
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ferjani
- LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Service de Microbiologie Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Mansouri
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; Regional Animal Health Center for North Africa (RAHC-NA) Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Senda Sghaier
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rakia Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Jaouani
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gtari Douja
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Brahim
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Ben Chehida
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker
- LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Service de Microbiologie Tunis, Tunisia
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Friedman M. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3805-3822. [PMID: 25856120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. To help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in the food chain and the implications for microbial food safety and animal and human health. Topics covered include the origin and prevalence of resistant bacteria in the food chain (dairy, meat, poultry, seafood, and herbal products, produce, and eggs), their inactivation by different classes of compounds and plant extracts and by the use of chlorine and physicochemical methods (heat, UV light, pulsed electric fields, and high pressure), the synergistic antimicrobial effects of combinations of natural antimicrobials with medicinal antibiotics, and mechanisms of antimicrobial activities and resistant effects. Possible areas for future research are suggested. Plant-derived and other safe natural antimicrobial compounds have the potential to control the prevalence of both susceptible and resistant pathogens in various environments. The collated information and suggested research will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of approaches that could be used to minimize the presence of resistant pathogens in animal feed and human food, thus reducing adverse effects, improving microbial food safety, and helping to prevent or treat animal and human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Yang X, Badoni M, Tran F, Gill CO. Microbiological effects of a routine treatment for decontaminating hide-on carcasses at a large beef packing plant. J Food Prot 2015; 78:256-63. [PMID: 25710139 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the microbiological effects of a hide-on carcass decontaminating treatment recently implemented at a beef packing plant, carcasses undergoing routine processing at the plant were sampled during successive periods in January/February, April/May, and September/October. During each period, samples were collected from carcasses before and after the decontamination of hide-on carcasses, after skinning, before decontamination of the skinned carcasses, and at the end of the carcass dressing process. At each stage of processing during each period, samples were obtained by swabbing an area of 1,000 cm(2) on each of 25 carcasses. Aerobes, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were enumerated. In most samples, coliforms were predominantly E. coli. In all three periods, the log mean numbers of aerobes and E. coli recovered from hides before decontamination were between 6.6 and 6.8 and between 5.3 and 5.9 log CFU/1,000 cm(2), respectively. The log mean numbers of aerobes recovered from decontaminated hides were 6.6 log CFU/1,000 cm(2) in January/February and April/May but 5.4 log CFU/1,000 cm(2) in September/October. The log total numbers of E. coli recovered from decontaminated hides in January/February and April/May were 2.4 and 3.8 log CFU/25,000 cm(2), respectively, but no E. coli was recovered from such carcasses in September/October. Log total numbers of aerobes and E. coli recovered from skinned or dressed carcasses were mostly >4 and between 1 and 2 log CFU/25,000 cm(2), respectively. Typing of 480 E. coli isolates by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) identified 218 MLVA types. Most isolates recovered from carcasses in different periods or at different stages of processing were of different MLVA types. However, small numbers of MLVA types were recovered in more than one period or from both hides before and after decontamination and skinned or dressed carcasses. The findings show that the hide-decontaminating treatment disrupted the usual transfer of E. coli from hides to meat surfaces during carcass skinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1.
| | - Madhu Badoni
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Frances Tran
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Colin O Gill
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
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30
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Jiang X, Yu T, Wu N, Meng H, Shi L. Detection of qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA genes in Escherichia coli isolated from cooked meat products in Henan, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 187:22-5. [PMID: 25036771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli has increased in recent years in China. Antimicrobial resistant isolates and resistance genes of E. coli can be transferred to humans through the food chain and this presents a public health risk. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes in E. coli isolated from food samples in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of quinolone resistance genes (QRGs) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in E. coli isolated from cooked meat products in Henan, China. A total of 75 E. coli isolates (12.1%) were detected from 620 samples. High rates of resistance to the following drugs were observed: tetracycline (56.0%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (41.3%), streptomycin (29.3%), ampicillin (26.7%) and nalidixic acid (14.7%). Of the 75 isolates, QRGs were present in 10 isolates (13.3%), with qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr detected alone or in combination in five (6.7%) and eight isolates (10.7%). The qnr genes detected in this study included qnrS (n=3) and qnrA (n=2). The qepA gene was absent among these isolates. Three types of β-lactamase genes were identified in the five ESBL-producing E. coli isolates: blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9, and blaTEM-1. The qnrS gene was found to be co-transferred with blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM-1 in one isolate. Our data suggest that cooked meat products may act as reservoirs for multi-resistant bacteria and facilitate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hecheng Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Hao H, Cheng G, Iqbal Z, Ai X, Hussain HI, Huang L, Dai M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Benefits and risks of antimicrobial use in food-producing animals. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:288. [PMID: 24971079 PMCID: PMC4054498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefits and risks of antimicrobial drugs, used in food-producing animals, continue to be complex and controversial issues. This review comprehensively presents the benefits of antimicrobials drugs regarding control of animal diseases, protection of public health, enhancement of animal production, improvement of environment, and effects of the drugs on biogas production and public health associated with antimicrobial resistance. The positive and negative impacts, due to ban issue of antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals, are also included in the discussion. As a double-edged sword, use of these drugs in food-animals persists as a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zahid Iqbal
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yongtgz River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Hafiz I. Hussain
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh-Marketed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Pathog 2014; 2014:756539. [PMID: 24808957 PMCID: PMC3997845 DOI: 10.1155/2014/756539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of seafood by bacteria of fecal origin, especially Escherichia coli, is a widely documented sanitary problem. The objective of the present study was to isolate E. coli strains from the gills, muscle, and body surface of farmed Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) fresh-marketed in supermarkets in Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil), to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics of different families (amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, cephalothin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim), and to determine the nature of resistance by plasmid curing. Forty-four strains (body surface = 25, gills = 15, muscle = 4) were isolated, all of which were susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem. Gill and body surface samples yielded 11 isolates resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, 4 of which of plasmidial nature. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was higher for strains isolated from body surface than from gills. The overall high antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from fresh-marketed tilapia was satisfactory, although the occasional finding of plasmidial resistance points to the need for close microbiological surveillance of the farming, handling, and marketing conditions of aquaculture products.
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Abstract
Although theoretically attractive, the reversibility of resistance has proven difficult in practice, even though antibiotic resistance mechanisms induce a fitness cost to the bacterium. Associated resistance to other antibiotics and compensatory mutations seem to ameliorate the effect of antibiotic interventions in the community. In this paper the current understanding of the concepts of reversibility of antibiotic resistance and the interventions performed in hospitals and in the community are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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Sato T, Okubo T, Usui M, Yokota SI, Izumiyama S, Tamura Y. Association of veterinary third-generation cephalosporin use with the risk of emergence of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli from dairy cattle in Japan. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96101. [PMID: 24755996 PMCID: PMC3995961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins in food animals has been suggested to increase the risk of spread of Enterobacteriaceae carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases to humans. However, evidence that selection of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant bacteria owing to the actual veterinary use of these drugs according to criteria established in cattle has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the natural occurrence of cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in dairy cattle following clinical application of ceftiofur. E. coli isolates were obtained from rectal samples of treated and untreated cattle (n = 20/group) cultured on deoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose agar in the presence or absence of ceftiofur. Eleven cefazoline-resistant isolates were obtained from two of the ceftiofur-treated cattle; no cefazoline-resistant isolates were found in untreated cattle. The cefazoline-resistant isolates had mutations in the chromosomal ampC promoter region and remained susceptible to ceftiofur. Eighteen extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates from two ceftiofur-treated cows were obtained on ceftiofur-supplemented agar; no extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates were obtained from untreated cattle. These extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates possessed plasmid-mediated β-lactamase genes, including bla(CTX-M-2) (9 isolates), bla(CTX-M-14) (8 isolates), or bla(CMY-2) (1 isolate); isolates possessing bla(CTX-M-2) and bla(CTX-M-14) were clonally related. These genes were located on self-transmissible plasmids. Our results suggest that appropriate veterinary use of ceftiofur did not trigger growth extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli in the bovine rectal flora; however, ceftiofur selection in vitro suggested that additional ceftiofur exposure enhanced selection for specific extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant β-lactamase-expressing E. coli clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyotaka Sato
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Izumiyama
- Nemuro District Agriculture Mutual Aid Association, Nakashibetsu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative organisms in livestock: an emerging problem for human health? Drug Resist Updat 2013; 16:22-45. [PMID: 23395305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. are important human pathogens. Serious infections due to these organisms are usually treated with extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). However, in the past two decades we have faced a rapid increasing of infections and colonization caused by ESC-resistant (ESC-R) isolates due to production of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (pAmpCs) and/or carbapenemase enzymes. This situation limits drastically our therapeutic armamentarium and puts under peril the human health. Animals are considered as potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms. The massive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has contributed to the selection of ESC-R E. coli, ESC-R Salmonella spp. and, to less extent, MDR Acinetobacter spp. among animals, food, and environment. This complex scenario is responsible for the expansion of these MDR organisms which may have life-threatening clinical significance. Nowadays, the prevalence of food-producing animals carrying ESC-R E. coli and ESC-R Salmonella (especially those producing CTX-M-type ESBLs and the CMY-2 pAmpC) has reached worryingly high values. More recently, the appearance of carbapenem-resistant isolates (i.e., VIM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and NDM-1 or OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter spp.) in livestock has even drawn greater concerns. In this review, we describe the aspects related to the spread of the above MDR organisms among pigs, cattle, and poultry, focusing on epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of resistance, impact of antibiotic use, and strategies to contain the overall problem. The link and the impact of ESC-R organisms of livestock origin for the human scenario are also discussed.
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Maal-Bared R, Bartlett KH, Bowie WR, Hall ER. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and E. coli O157 isolated from water, sediment and biofilms in an agricultural watershed in British Columbia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 443:315-323. [PMID: 23202379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the distribution of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and E. coli O157 isolated from water, sediment and biofilms in an intensive agricultural watershed (Elk Creek, British Columbia) between 2005 and 2007. It also examined physical and chemical water parameters associated with antibiotic resistance. Broth microdilution techniques were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for E. coli (n=214) and E. coli O157 (n=27) recovered isolates for ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin and tetracycline. Both E. coli and E. coli O157 isolates showed highest frequency of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin and nalidixic acid; respectively. For E. coli, the highest frequency of resistance was observed at the most agriculturally-impacted site, while the lowest frequency of resistance was found at the headwaters. Sediment and river rock biofilms were the most likely to be associated with resistant E. coli, while water was the least likely. While seasonality (wet versus dry) had no relationship with resistance frequency, length of biofilm colonization of the substratum in the aquatic environment only affected resistance frequency to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that water depth, nutrient concentrations, temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity had statistically significant associations with frequency of E. coli resistance to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, ampicillin and tetracycline. The results indicate that antibiotic resistant E. coli and E. coli O157 were prevalent in an agricultural stream. Since E. coli is adept at horizontal gene transfer and prevalent in biofilms and sediment, where ample opportunities for genetic exchange with potential environmental pathogens present themselves, resistant isolates may present a risk to ecosystem, wildlife and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Maal-Bared
- Resource Management and Environmental Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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van der Horst MA, Fabri TH, Schuurmans JM, Koenders BB, Brul S, ter Kuile BH. Effects of Therapeutical and Reduced Levels of Antibiotics on the Fraction of Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli in the Chicken Gut. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:55-61. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. van der Horst
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun H. Fabri
- Animal Health Service (De Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren [GD]), Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - J. Merijn Schuurmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Office for Risk Assessment, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Belinda B. Koenders
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Office for Risk Assessment, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. ter Kuile
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Office for Risk Assessment, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Grimmett ME. Removal of sulfamethazine by hypercrosslinked adsorbents in aquatic systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:2-9. [PMID: 23673733 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Four hundred tons of sulfamethazine are fed to livestock annually in North America to prevent disease and promote growth, but most of the drug is excreted unmetabolized into the environment. Because of slow degradation and high mobility, sulfamethazine contaminates groundwater supplies and causes aquatic ecosystem damage. Current water treatment methods to remove pharmaceuticals are not universally effective and have considerable limitations, which necessitate newer remediation techniques. Hypercrosslinked adsorbents, polystyrene polymers 100% crosslinked with methylene bridges, show promise because of high surface areas, high mechanical strength, and regenerable properties. This study screened four Purolite hypercrosslinked adsorbents (MN152, MN250, PAD400, and PAD600) to remove sulfamethazine from contaminated water and then characterized the most efficient resin, MN250, with batch adsorption and desorption experiments to optimize its use. Sulfamethazine adsorption onto MN250 displayed an L-class isotherm shape consistent with monolayer adsorption, negligible solute-solute interactions at the adsorbent surface, and decreasing activation energies of desorption with increasing surface coverage. MN250 had a maximum experimental adsorption capacity of 111 mg g, showing high correlation to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption kinetics revealed prolonged adsorption over 59 h and were best described by Ho's pseudo-second-order model. There was minimal desorption from MN250 in distilled water, indicating an irreversible adsorption process. MN250's high capacity for sulfamethazine adsorption, minimal desorption in water, and ability to be regenerated make it a practical solution for sulfamethazine removal in areas that have contaminated groundwater supplies (e.g., areas near concentrated livestock operations), especially as current treatment methods have significant drawbacks.
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Ryu SH, Lee JH, Park SH, Song MO, Park SH, Jung HW, Park GY, Choi SM, Kim MS, Chae YZ, Park SG, Lee YK. Antimicrobial resistance profiles among Escherichia coli strains isolated from commercial and cooked foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 159:263-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stanford K, Agopsowicz CA, McAllister TA. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli O157: H7 from feces and hides of super-shedders and low-shedding pen-mates in two commercial beef feedlots. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:178. [PMID: 23014060 PMCID: PMC3582550 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cattle shedding at least 104 CFU Escherichia coli O157:H7/g feces are described as super-shedders and have been shown to increase transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to other cattle in feedlots. This study investigated relationships among fecal isolates from super-shedders (n = 162), perineal hide swab isolates (PS) from super-shedders (n = 137) and fecal isolates from low-shedder (< 104 CFU/g feces) pen-mates (n = 496) using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A subsample of these fecal isolates (n = 474) was tested for antimicrobial resistance. Isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were obtained from cattle in pens (avg. 181 head) at 2 commercial feedlots in southern Alberta with each steer sampled at entry to the feedlot and prior to slaughter. Results Only 1 steer maintained super-shedder status at both samplings, although approximately 30% of super-shedders in sampling 1 had low-shedder status at sampling 2. A total of 85 restriction endonuclease digestion clusters (REPC; 90% or greater similarity) and 86 unique isolates (< 90% similarity) were detected, with the predominant REPC (30% of isolates) being isolated from cattle in all feedlot pens, although it was not associated with shedding status (super- or low-shedder; P = 0.94). Only 2/21 super-shedders had fecal isolates in the same REPC at both samplings. Fecal and PS isolates from individual super-shedders generally belonged to different REPCs, although fecal isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from super- and low-shedders showed greater similarity (P < 0.001) than those from PS. For 77% of super-shedders, PFGE profiles of super-shedder fecal and PS isolates were distinct from all low-shedder fecal isolates collected in the same pen. A low level of antimicrobial resistance (3.7%) was detected and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance did not differ among super- and low-shedder isolates (P = 0.69), although all super-shedder isolates with antimicrobial resistance (n = 3) were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Conclusions Super-shedders did not have increased antimicrobial resistance compared to low-shedder pen mates. Our data demonstrated that PFGE profiles of individual super-shedders varied over time and that only 1/162 steers remained a super-shedder at 2 samplings. In these two commercial feedlots, PFGE subtypes of E. coli O157:H7 from fecal isolates of super- and low-shedders were frequently different as were subtypes of fecal and perineal hide isolates from super-shedders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Centre, 100-5401 1st Ave, S, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4 V6, Canada.
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41
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Taylor PL, Rossi L, De Pascale G, Wright GD. A forward chemical screen identifies antibiotic adjuvants in Escherichia coli. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1547-55. [PMID: 22698393 DOI: 10.1021/cb300269g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens are rapidly increasing, highlighting the need for new chemotherapies. Unlike Gram-positive bacteria, where many different chemical classes of antibiotics show efficacy, Gram-negatives are intrinsically insensitive to many antimicrobials including the macrolides, rifamycins, and aminocoumarins, despite intracellular targets that are susceptible to these drugs. The basis for this insensitivity is the presence of the impermeant outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria in addition to the expression of pumps and porins that reduce intracellular concentrations of many molecules. Compounds that sensitize Gram-negative cells to "Gram-positive antibiotics", antibiotic adjuvants, offer an orthogonal approach to addressing the crisis of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. We performed a forward chemical genetic screen of 30,000 small molecules designed to identify such antibiotic adjuvants of the aminocoumarin antibiotic novobiocin in Escherichia coli. Four compounds from this screen were shown to be synergistic with novobiocin including inhibitors of the bacterial cytoskeleton protein MreB, cell wall biosynthesis enzymes, and DNA synthesis. All of these molecules were associated with altered cell shape and small molecule permeability, suggesting a unifying mechanism for these antibiotic adjuvants. The potential exists to expand this approach as a means to develop novel combination therapies for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. Taylor
- M.G. DeGroote
Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3Z5, Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- M.G. DeGroote
Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gianfranco De Pascale
- M.G. DeGroote
Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- M.G. DeGroote
Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3Z5, Canada
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Pereira RVV, Santos TMA, Bicalho ML, Caixeta LS, Machado VS, Bicalho RC. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of virulence factor genes in fecal Escherichia coli of Holstein calves fed milk with and without antimicrobials. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4556-65. [PMID: 21854928 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea in calves has a significant effect on the dairy industry. A common management practice for preventing or decreasing the effects of such disease in preweaned calves is by the use of antimicrobials in milk or milk replacer. In this study, Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance in fecal samples collected from calves 2 to 8 d of age that had or had not received antimicrobials in the milk and that had or had not signs of diarrhea by inspection of fecal consistency were investigated. Specifically, resistance of E. coli isolates to individual antimicrobials, multiresistance patterns, and presence of virulence factors were analyzed. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by use of a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. The study was conducted at 3 farms, 1 administering growth-promoting antimicrobials (GPA) in the milk and 2 not using GPA in the milk (NGPA). All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and cefepime. From the total isolates tested, 84% (n=251) were resistant to at least 2 antimicrobials and 81% (n=251) were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials. When antimicrobial resistance was compared between GPA and NGPA, it was observed that the GPA group had higher odds of antimicrobial resistance for most of the individual antimicrobials tested. No significant correlation of virulence factors in GPA or NGPA and diarrheic or non-diarrheic (control) fecal samples was found. Of the 32 virulence factors evaluated, 21 were detected in the study population; the incidence of only 1 virulence factor was statistically significant in each of the diarrheic status (diarrheic or non-diarrheic) and treatment status (NGPA or GPA) groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase gene (gyrB) from 31 fecal E. coli isolates revealed 3 main clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V V Pereira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Ryu SH, Park SG, Choi SM, Hwang YO, Ham HJ, Kim SU, Lee YK, Kim MS, Park GY, Kim KS, Chae YZ. Antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from commercial fish and seafood. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 152:14-8. [PMID: 22071288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and to characterize the implicated genes in Escherichia coli isolated from commercial fish and seafood. Fish and seafood samples (n=2663) were collected from wholesale and retail markets in Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2008. A total of 179 E. coli isolates (6.7%) from those samples were tested for resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents. High rates of resistance to the following drugs were observed: tetracycline (30.7%), streptomycin (12.8%), cephalothin (11.7%), ampicillin (6.7%) and ticarcillin (6.1%). No resistances to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoxitin were observed. Seventy out of 179 isolates which were resistant to one or more drugs were investigated by PCR for the presence of 3 classes of antimicrobial resistance genes (tetracycline, aminoglycosides and beta-lactams), class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. Gene cassettes of classes 1 and 2 integrons were further characterized by amplicon sequencing. The tetracycline resistance genes tetB and tetD were found in 29 (41.4%) isolates and 14 (20%) isolates, respectively. The beta-lactam resistance gene, bla(TEM) was found in 15 (21.4%) isolates. The aminoglycoside resistance gene, aadA was found in 18 (25.7%) isolates. Class 1 integron was detected in 41.4% (n=29) of the isolates, while only 2.9% (n=2) of the isolates were positive for the presence of class 2 integron. Two different gene cassettes arrangements were identified in class 1 integron-positive isolates: dfrA12-aadA2 (1.8 kb, five isolates) and aadB-aadA2 (1.6 kb, four isolates). One isolate containing class 2 integron presented the dfrA1-sat-aadA1 gene cassette array. These data suggest that commercial fish and seafood may act as the reservoir for multi-resistant bacteria and facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ryu
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gwacheon 427-070, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Antimicrobials are valuable therapeutics whose efficacy is seriously compromised by the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The provision of antibiotics to food animals encompasses a wide variety of nontherapeutic purposes that include growth promotion. The concern over resistance emergence and spread to people by nontherapeutic use of antimicrobials has led to conflicted practices and opinions. Considerable evidence supported the removal of nontherapeutic antimicrobials (NTAs) in Europe, based on the "precautionary principle." Still, concrete scientific evidence of the favorable versus unfavorable consequences of NTAs is not clear to all stakeholders. Substantial data show elevated antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with animals fed NTAs and their food products. This resistance spreads to other animals and humans-directly by contact and indirectly via the food chain, water, air, and manured and sludge-fertilized soils. Modern genetic techniques are making advances in deciphering the ecological impact of NTAs, but modeling efforts are thwarted by deficits in key knowledge of microbial and antibiotic loads at each stage of the transmission chain. Still, the substantial and expanding volume of evidence reporting animal-to-human spread of resistant bacteria, including that arising from use of NTAs, supports eliminating NTA use in order to reduce the growing environmental load of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie M. Marshall
- Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
| | - Stuart B. Levy
- Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wu R, Alexander T, Li J, Munns K, Sharma R, McAllister T. Prevalence and diversity of class 1 integrons and resistance genes in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli originating from beef cattle administered subtherapeutic antimicrobials. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:511-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van der Horst MA, Schuurmans JM, Smid MC, Koenders BB, ter Kuile BH. De Novo Acquisition of Resistance to Three Antibiotics by Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 17:141-7. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. van der Horst
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper M. Schuurmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Office for Risk Assessment, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marja C. Smid
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Belinda B. Koenders
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Office for Risk Assessment, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. ter Kuile
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Office for Risk Assessment, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Antibiotic resistance in the environment: a link to the clinic? Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:589-94. [PMID: 20850375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to all classes of antibiotics in previously susceptible bacterial pathogens is a major challenge to infectious disease medicine. The origin of the genes associated with resistance has long been a mystery. There is a growing body of evidence that is demonstrating that environmental microbes are highly drug resistant. The genes that make up this environmental resistome have the potential to be transferred to pathogens and indeed there is some evidence that at least some clinically relevant resistance genes have originated in environmental microbes. Understanding the extent of the environmental resistome and its mobilization into pathogenic bacteria is essential for the management and discovery of antibiotics.
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