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Silva CGC, Leobas MJA, de Freitas APM, Mansano JT, Rodrigues JAV, Araujo E, Peixoto AB. Prevalence of early neonatal sepsis and positive maternal culture for group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20230021. [PMID: 38198392 PMCID: PMC10768675 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of early neonatal sepsis in pregnant women with a positive culture for group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in a middle-income city in Southeastern Brazil. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving singleton low- and high-risk pregnancies in whom group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus cultures were evaluated between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation using vaginal and anal swabs. A specific medium (Todd-Hewitt) was used for culturing. The pregnant women were divided into two groups based on positive (n==201) and negative (n==420) cultures for group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. RESULTS The maternal colonization rate by group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was 32.3%. The prevalence of early neonatal sepsis was 1.0% (2/201) among patients with a positive group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus culture and 1.9% (8/420) among patients with a negative culture. Among the patients who underwent adequate prophylaxis, crystalline penicillin G was used in 51.9% (54/104), followed by cefazolin in 43.3% (45/104), ampicillin in 3.8% (4/104), and clindamycin in 1.0% (1/104). A model that included prematurity (p==0.001) proved to be an independent risk predictor of early neonatal sepsis [χ2 (1)==15.0, odds ratio: 16.9, 95% confidence interval: 4.7-61.6, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R2==0.157]. CONCLUSION The prevalence of a positive culture for group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was high. However, the prevalence of early neonatal sepsis was low in pregnant women with both positive and negative group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus cultures and in pregnant women with a positive culture who underwent both adequate and inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis. Prematurity proved to be an independent predictor of early neonatal sepsis, considering the entire study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Gomes Cunha Silva
- Universidade de Uberaba, Mário Palmério University Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Service – Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia Arantes Leobas
- Universidade de Uberaba, Mário Palmério University Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Service – Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Teoro Mansano
- Universidade de Uberaba, Mário Palmério University Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Service – Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | | | - Edward Araujo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Obstetrics – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Medical Course – São Caetano do Sul (SP), Brazil
| | - Alberto Borges Peixoto
- Universidade de Uberaba, Mário Palmério University Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Service – Uberaba (MG), Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics – Uberaba (MG), Brazil
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Le Gallou B, Pastuszka A, Lemaire C, Mereghetti L, Lanotte P. Group B Streptococcus CRISPR1 Typing of Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Infectious Disease Isolates Highlights the Importance of CC1 in In Utero Fetal Death. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0522122. [PMID: 37341591 PMCID: PMC10434043 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05221-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a descriptive analysis of group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates responsible for maternal and fetal infectious diseases from 2004 to 2020 at the University Hospital of Tours, France. This represents 115 isolates, including 35 isolates responsible for early-onset disease (EOD), 48 isolates responsible for late-onset disease (LOD), and 32 isolates from maternal infections. Among the 32 isolates associated with maternal infection, 9 were isolated in the context of chorioamnionitis associated with in utero fetal death. Analysis of neonatal infection distribution over time highlighted the decrease in EOD since the early 2000s, while LOD incidence has remained relatively stable. All GBS isolates were analyzed by sequencing their CRISPR1 locus, which is an efficient way to determine the phylogenetic affiliation of strains, as it correlates with the lineages defined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Thus, the CRISPR1 typing method allowed us to assign a clonal complex (CC) to all isolates; among these isolates, CC17 was predominant (60/115, 52%), and the other main CCs, such as CC1 (19/115, 17%), CC10 (9/115, 8%), CC19 (8/115, 7%), and CC23 (15/115, 13%), were also identified. As expected, CC17 isolates (39/48, 81.3%) represented the majority of LOD isolates. Unexpectedly, we found mainly CC1 isolates (6/9) and no CC17 isolates that were responsible for in utero fetal death. Such a result highlights the possibility of a particular role of this CC in in utero infection, and further investigations should be conducted on a larger group of GBS isolated in a context of in utero fetal death. IMPORTANCE Group B Streptococcus is the leading bacterium responsible for maternal and neonatal infections worldwide, also involved in preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal death. In this study, we determined the clonal complex of all GBS isolates responsible for neonatal diseases (early- and late-onset diseases) and maternal invasive infections, including chorioamnionitis associated with in utero fetal death. All GBS was isolated at the University Hospital of Tours from 2004 to 2020. We described the local group B Streptococcus epidemiology, which confirmed national and international data concerning neonatal disease incidence and clonal complex distribution. Indeed, neonatal diseases are mainly characterized by CC17 isolates, especially in late-onset disease. Interestingly, we identified mainly CC1 isolates responsible for in utero fetal death. CC1 could have a particular role in this context, and such a result should be confirmed on a larger group of GBS isolated from in utero fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Le Gallou
- Université de Tours, INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, BRMF, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Adeline Pastuszka
- Université de Tours, INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, BRMF, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Coralie Lemaire
- Université de Tours, INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, BRMF, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Mereghetti
- Université de Tours, INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, BRMF, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- Université de Tours, INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, BRMF, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
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Le Gallou B, Pastuszka A, Lemaire C, Perrotin F, Mitanchez D, Lanotte P, Mereghetti L. Long-term surveillance of group B Streptococcus strains isolated from infection and colonization in pregnant women and newborns. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37335614 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading cause of bacterial neonatal infections worldwide, despite the spread of recommendations on vaginal screening and antibiotic prophylaxis.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There is a need to evaluate the potential changes in GBS epidemiology over time following the introduction of such guidelines.Aim. Our aim was to perform a descriptive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of GBS by conducting a long-term surveillance of strains isolated between 2000 and 2018, using molecular typing methods.Methodology. A total of 121 invasive strains, responsible for maternal infections (20 strains), fetal infections (8 strains) and neonatal infections (93 strains), were included in the study, representing all the invasive isolates during the period; in addition, 384 colonization strains isolated from vaginal or newborn samples were randomly selected. The 505 strains were characterized by capsular polysaccharide (CPS) type multiplex PCR assay and the clonal complex (CC) was assigned using a single nucleotide polymorphism PCR assay. Antibiotic susceptibility was also determined.Results. CPS types III (32.1 % of the strains), Ia (24.6 %) and V (19 %) were the most prevalent. The five main CCs observed were CC1 (26.3 % of the strains), CC17 (22.2 %), CC19 (16.2 %), CC23 (15.8 %) and CC10 (13.9 %). Neonatal invasive GBS diseases were predominantly due to CC17 isolates (46.3 % of the strains), which mainly express CPS type III (87.5 %), with a very high prevalence in late-onset diseases (76.2 %).Conclusion. Between 2000 and 2018, we observed a decrease in the proportion of CC1 strains, which mainly express CPS type V, and an increase in the proportion of CC23 strains, mainly expressing CPS type Ia. Conversely, there was no significant change in the proportion of strains resistant to macrolides, lincosamides or tetracyclines. The two molecular techniques used in our study provide almost as much information as classical serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, but are quicker, easy to perform, and avoid long sequencing and analysis steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Le Gallou
- UMR1282 ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Adeline Pastuszka
- UMR1282 ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Coralie Lemaire
- UMR1282 ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Franck Perrotin
- Service d'Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Delphine Mitanchez
- Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- UMR1282 ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Mereghetti
- UMR1282 ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
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Vertical Transmission, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Group B Streptococcus among Mothers and Their Neonates in Southern Ethiopia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:8163396. [PMID: 35860035 PMCID: PMC9293564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8163396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality by increasing intrauterine infection or vertical transmission at the time of birth. Despite many efforts to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission, GBS remains the main cause of serious disease (neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and/or pneumonia) in vulnerable newborns during the first week of life. This study aimed to assess vertical transmission, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of GBS among pregnant women and their neonates. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers and their neonates from February to May 2021. A total of 201 pregnant women with their neonates participated in this study. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. A vaginal swab from mother before delivery and neonatal nasal and ear canal swab samples were taken as soon as after delivery within 30 minutes. Vaginal swabs, neonatal ear canal, and nasal swabs were placed into Todd–Hewitt broth and incubated at 37°C for 18–24 hours at 35–37°C in 5% CO2 conditions and then subcultured on 5% sheep blood agar for 18–48 hours. Presumptive identification of GBS was made by morphology, Gram stain, catalase, and hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar plates. CAMP and bacitracin susceptibility tests were used as confirmatory tests for GBS. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Vertical transmission rates of GBS (mother to neonates) were 11.9%. The prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns was 24/201 (11.9%) (95% CI = 7.5–16.9) and 11/201 (5.5%) (95% CI = 2.5–9.0), respectively. The history of prolonged rupture of membranes (AOR = 3.5, CI = 2.2–18.8) and urinary tract infection (AOR = 2.9, CI = 1.7–16.3) were associated factors for maternal GBS colonization. Gestational age of <37 weeks (p=0.008), low birth weight of <2.5 kg (p=0.001), and maternal history of vaginal discharge (p=0.048) were associated factors for neonatal GBS colonization. Low antibiotic resistance was observed for erythromycin 8.6%, clindamycin 5.7%, and chloramphenicol 2.9%. Conclusion In this study, high vertical transmission (mother to neonates) rate was observed. The prevalence of vaginal GBS colonization of women at delivery was 11.9% and significantly associated with the history of prolonged rupture of membranes and urinary tract infections. Gestational age of <37 weeks, low birth weight of <2.5 kg, and maternal history of vaginal discharge were associated with neonatal GBS colonization. Hence, there is a need for antenatal culture-based GBS screening, risk factor-based interventions, and regular follow-up of drug resistance patterns for proper treatment and management of GBS.
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Catlin NR, Cappon GD, Engel S, Rohde C, Nowland WS, Buitrago S, Scully I, Anderson AS, Bowman CJ. Maternal immunization with Group B Streptococcus six-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine supported by lack of toxicity in rat and rabbit fertility and developmental toxicity studies. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1343-1356. [PMID: 34516044 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) six-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (GBS6) is being developed to protect neonates and infants up to 3 months of age through passive transfer of antibodies from the mother to the infant. Fertility and developmental toxicity studies were conducted in female Sprague Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits with GBS6 (20 μg capsular polysaccharide/serotype formulated with or without AlPO4 , the highest clinical dose). Females were administered the full human dose of the GBS6 formulation intramuscularly twice prior to mating and twice during gestation, to ensure that high antibody levels were maintained throughout gestation and lactation. Approximately, half of the rats and rabbits were evaluated at the end of gestation, and the remainder were evaluated at the end of lactation. Maternal blood for GBS6 serology, to measure antibody titers to the GBS6 antigens, was collected prior to the first dose, prior to mating, and at each necropsy. Blood for serology was also collected from offspring at the end of gestation and lactation. In both species, there was no evidence of vaccine-related effects on fertility, embryo-fetal development, or postnatal development of the offspring, supporting regulatory guidance that single-species evaluation would have been sufficient. Functional serum antibodies to all six serotypes in the vaccine were confirmed in maternal animals and functional serum antibodies to one or more of the six serotypes was also confirmed in some rat offspring and most of the rabbit offspring. The results of these studies supported the safety of GBS6 vaccine administration to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha R Catlin
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gregg D Cappon
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott Engel
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cynthia Rohde
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - William S Nowland
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandra Buitrago
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Ingrid Scully
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Annaliesa S Anderson
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J Bowman
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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Prevalence of group B streptococcal colonization in the healthy non-pregnant population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:968-980. [PMID: 33813109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonization and transmission precede invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) disease. Data on GBS colonization prevalence, detection methods and risk factors for carriage are relevant for vaccine development and to understand GBS pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate GBS colonization prevalence after the first week of life in the healthy non-pregnant population. DATA SOURCES Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, World Health Organization Library Information System, and Scopus. Search performed 12 January 2021 with search terms related to 'GBS' and 'colonization, epidemiology, prevalence or screening' without restrictions. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All studies that reported prevalence of GBS colonization (any site) in the healthy population. PARTICIPANTS All individuals (>6 days of age), with no indication of pregnancy, invasive disease or severe underlying immunological co-morbidities. METHODS Logit transformation and a random effects model (DerSimonian and Laird) were used to pool colonization estimates. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression on a priori determined subgroups were performed. RESULTS We included 98 studies with 43 112 participants. Our search identified 9309 studies of which 8831 were excluded based on title and abstract and 380 after reading the full text. Colonization rates varied considerably between studies (I2 = 97%), which could be partly explained by differences in culture methods (R2 = 27%), culture sites (R2 = 24%), continent (R2 = 10%) and participant's age (R2 = 6%). Higher prevalence was found with selective culture methods (19%, 95% CI 16%-23% versus non-selective methods 8%, 95% CI 6%-9%; p < 0.0001). Colonization rates were highest in rectum (19%, 95% CI 15%-24%), vagina (14%, 95% CI 12%-17%) and urethra (9%, 95% CI 5%-18%). In participants with negative rectal cultures, 7% (95% CI 5%-9%) had GBS cultured from another niche. Colonization prevalence was lower in children (6 months to 16 years; 3%, 95% CI 2%-5%) compared with adults (16%, 95% CI 14%-20%; p < 0.0001). Using selective culture methods in adults resulted in a prevalence of 26% (95% CI 19%-33%) rectal, 21% (95% CI 17%-25%) vaginal and 9% (95% CI 6%-14%) urethral colonization. CONCLUSION The rectum is the most common body site colonized by GBS. The best approach to screen for any GBS colonization is to screen multiple body sites using selective culture methods.
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Trends in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of group B streptococci: a multicenter study in Serbia, 2015-2020. Sci Rep 2021; 11:540. [PMID: 33436658 PMCID: PMC7804007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Serbia has not fully implemented preventive measures against GBS neonatal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess the maternal GBS colonisation and invasive neonatal disease rate, to reveal the trends of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of GBS from various patient groups. Randomly selected non-invasive (n = 991) and all invasive GBS (n = 80) collected throughout Serbia from 2015 to 2020 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, capsular typing, and hvgA detection. Overall, 877/5621 (15.6%) pregnant women were colonised with GBS. Invasive GBS infections incidence in infants (0.18/1000 live births) showed a decreasing trend (0.3 to 0.1/1000 live births). Type III was overrepresented in infants with invasive infections (n = 35, 58.3%), whereas type V predominated among colonised adults (n = 224, 25.5%) and those with noninvasive (n = 37, 32.5%) and invasive infections (n = 8, 40%). The hypervirulent clone III/ST17 was highly associated with invasive infections (n = 28, 35%), particularly late-onset disease (n = 9, 47.4%), showing an increase from 12.3 to 14.8%. The GBS resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 26.7% and 22.1%, respectively, with an upward trend. The emergence of the hypervirulent clone III/ST17 and the escalation in GBS resistance highlight an urgent need for continuous monitoring of GBS infections.
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Palang I, Hirono I, Senapin S, Sirimanapong W, Withyachumnarnkul B, Vanichviriyakit R. Cytotoxicity of Streptococcus agalactiae secretory protein on tilapia cultured cells. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1229-1236. [PMID: 32974952 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae secrete virulence factors believed to be able of killing host tissues, especially under elevated water temperature. A direct effect of S. agalactiae secretory products on tilapia cells was tested on the tilapia kidney (TK-1) cell culture. The bacteria were cultured under four different temperature levels: 22, 29, 32 and 37°C; the cell-free portion was processed through SDS-PAGE; and distinct bands were identified by LC-MS/MS. At least, three virulence factors were identified, Bsp, PcsB and CAMP factor, with increasing levels as the cultured temperature rose. Expressions of bsp, pcsB and cfb were also up-regulated with the rising of the temperature in S. agalactiae culture. The supernatant from the bacteria cultured under specified temperatures was added into TK-1 cell-cultured wells. Morphological damage and mortality of the cultured cells, as determined by MTT method, were increased progressively from the supernatant treatment according to the rise of temperature in S. agalactiae culture. This study suggests that the production of the three virulence factors of S. agalactiae reported herein is temperature-dependent, and it is likely that CAMP factor directly kills the TK-1 cells since the other two types of protein are involved in S. agalactiae cell division and the bacterial adherence to host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyapa Palang
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanna Sirimanapong
- Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research Health Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani, Thailand
- AquaAcademy Farm, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sorg AL, Obermeier V, Armann J, Klemme M, von Kries R. [Decrease in Group B Streptococcal Infections in Neonates: Analysis of Health Insurance Data 2005 to 2017]. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2020; 233:17-23. [PMID: 32698210 DOI: 10.1055/a-1202-1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the German guidelines for prophylaxis of group B streptococcal (GBS) early onset sepsis in neonates (EOS), GBS screening of all pregnant women has been recommended, but is not yet included in the Maternity Directives. Aim of the study was to identify temporal trends in incidence of EOS and their association to GBS Screening. METHODS The analysis based on health insurance data of the statutory health insurance provider Barmer from 2005 to 2017 of 313,385 mother-child pairs. Annual frequency of GBS infections in newborns was determined by ICD-10 P36.0. The frequency of maternal GBS colonization was indicated by ICD-10 B95.1, which was used as surrogate for GBS screening. Temporal trends of the risk of EOS in neonates were assessed in logistic regression models. Pearson's correlation coefficient of EOS incidence and the surrogate marker for maternal GBS colonization was calculated. RESULTS The risk of EOS in neonates caused by GBS has decreased annually by 9.3%, resulting in an overall decrease in the observation period of 72.0%. There was no statistical significant change in the risk for LOS (Late Onset Sepsis). The decrease of EOS could not be explained by temporal changes in Caesarian section, risk factors or preterm delivery. The 3.5 fold increase in the proportion of mothers with documented positive GBS colonization in the same period correlated inversely with the incidence of EOS (r=- 0.75; p=0.002). CONCLUSION The decrease of EOS in neonates caused by GBS in Germany and the unchanged risk of LOS in neonates may be explained by the increasing application of the GBS Screening in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Sorg
- Institute for Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich
| | - Viola Obermeier
- Institute for Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich
| | - Jakob Armann
- Children's Hospital Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - Mathias Klemme
- Neonatology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Faculty of Medicine, Munich
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Institute for Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich
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Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9301. [PMID: 32518331 PMCID: PMC7283305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS) without causing disease. The bacteria can be transmitted to the newborn before and during birth and cause early-onset neonatal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the GBS colonization rate among pregnant women before delivery and their newborns and serotypes distribution of GBS. Two hundred-eighty pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS colonization from June 2014 to October 2014 at Adama Hospital Medical College. Rectovaginal swabs from pregnant women before delivery and specimen from nasal area, external ear, umbilical cord and throat of newborns were collected and cultured. The serotyping of GBS was performed by using serotype-specific antisera. To collect sociodemographic and clinical data we employed a structured questionnaire. GBS colonization among pregnant women and their newborns were 13.2% 95% CI (8.9-17.5) and 7.4% 95% CI (4.6-10.6). Out of 37 GBS strains recovered from pregnant women, the prevalent serotypes were Ia 6(16.2%), Ib 8(21.6%), II 10(27%), III 3(8.1%), and V 8(21.6%). Out of 21 GBS strains recovered from newborns, prevalent serotypes were Ia 3(14.3%), Ib 6(28.6%), II 6(28.6%), III 4(19%), and V 1(4.8%). This study indicated the existence of primary risk factors for neonatal disease in Adama area. Serotype II was the common serotype detected in this study which is followed by serotype Ib, Ia, and V. As colonizing GBS serotypes could cause invasive disease among newborns, vaccine formulation which includes serotype II, Ia, V, Ib, and III can prevent of invasive disease caused by GBS in the study area.
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Patras KA, Coady A, Babu P, Shing SR, Ha AD, Rooholfada E, Brandt SL, Geriak M, Gallo RL, Nizet V. Host Cathelicidin Exacerbates Group B Streptococcus Urinary Tract Infection. mSphere 2020; 5:e00932-19. [PMID: 32321824 PMCID: PMC7178553 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00932-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes frequent urinary tract infection (UTI) in susceptible populations, including individuals with type 2 diabetes and pregnant women; however, specific host factors responsible for increased GBS susceptibility in these populations are not well characterized. Here, we investigate cathelicidin, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, known to be critical for defense during UTI with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We observed a loss of antimicrobial activity of human and mouse cathelicidins against GBS and UPEC in synthetic urine and no evidence for increased cathelicidin resistance in GBS urinary isolates. Furthermore, we found that GBS degrades cathelicidin in a protease-dependent manner. Surprisingly, in a UTI model, cathelicidin-deficient (Camp-/-) mice showed decreased GBS burdens and mast cell recruitment in the bladder compared to levels in wild-type (WT) mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of mast cells reduced GBS burdens and histamine release in WT but not Camp-/- mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice had increased bladder cathelicidin production and mast cell recruitment at 24 h postinfection with GBS compared to levels in nondiabetic controls. We propose that cathelicidin is an important immune regulator but ineffective antimicrobial peptide against GBS in urine. Combined, our findings may in part explain the increased frequency of GBS UTI in diabetic and pregnant individuals.IMPORTANCE Certain populations such as diabetic individuals are at increased risk for developing urinary tract infections (UTI), although the underlying reasons for this susceptibility are not fully known. Additionally, diabetics are more likely to become infected with certain types of bacteria, such as group B Streptococcus (GBS). In this study, we find that an antimicrobial peptide called cathelicidin, which is thought to protect the bladder from infection, is ineffective in controlling GBS and alters the type of immune cells that migrate to the bladder during infection. Using a mouse model of diabetes, we observe that diabetic mice are more susceptible to GBS infection even though they also have more infiltrating immune cells and increased production of cathelicidin. Taken together, our findings identify this antimicrobial peptide as a potential contributor to increased susceptibility of diabetic individuals to GBS UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Patras
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Priyanka Babu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel R Shing
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Albert D Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emma Rooholfada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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12
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Ábrók M, Tigyi P, Kostrzewa M, Burián K, Deák J. Evaluation of the Results of Group B Streptococcus Screening by MALDI-TOF MS among Pregnant Women in a Hungarian Hospital. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010001. [PMID: 31861306 PMCID: PMC7168635 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B streptococcus (GBS), are at an increased risk of premature delivery and stillbirth, and their neonates can be endangered by the development of an invasive GBS disease. In this study, the results of the GBS screening among pregnant women performed between 2012 and 2018 (n = 19267) are presented. For the GBS positive samples, the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains was also tested (n = 3554). During the examined period, the colonization rate varied between 17.4% and 19.8%. The overall rate of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in the GBS positive samples was 34.9% and 34.6%, respectively. The frequency of the erythromycin and clindamycin resistant strains showed an increasing tendency. An analysis of the MALDI-TOF MS spectra of 260 GBS isolates revealed that 46.5% of them belonged to either the ST-1 or the ST-17 sequence types, indicating a high prevalence of these potentially invasive GBS strains in our region. More than half of the strains identified as ST-1 (52.1%) proved to be resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ábrók
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (P.T.); (K.B.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545399
| | - Petra Tigyi
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (P.T.); (K.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Markus Kostrzewa
- Bioanalytical Development, Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Katalin Burián
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (P.T.); (K.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Judit Deák
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (P.T.); (K.B.); (J.D.)
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13
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Kardos S, Tóthpál A, Laub K, Kristóf K, Ostorházi E, Rozgonyi F, Dobay O. High prevalence of group B streptococcus ST17 hypervirulent clone among non-pregnant patients from a Hungarian venereology clinic. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1009. [PMID: 31779587 PMCID: PMC6883650 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Streptococcus agalactiae is the leading causative agent of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, recently it is increasingly isolated from non-pregnant adults. The relation between its presence in the genitourinary tract and manifested clinical symptoms of STD patients remains an open question. In this study, a complex epidemiological investigation of GBS isolates from a venerology clinic was performed. Methods Ninety-six GBS isolates were serotyped and their genetic relatedness determined by PFGE. MLST was also performed for a subset of 20 isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility was tested with agar dilution. Surface proteins and the ST-17 hypervirulent clone was detected by PCR. Results The serotype prevalence was the following: V (29.2%), III (27.1%), Ia (22.9%), IV (10.4%), II (5.2%) and Ib (4.2%). A strong association was demonstrated between surface protein genes and serotypes. All isolates were fully susceptible to penicillin, but erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was high (41.7 and 35.4%, respectively), and 8 phenotypically macrolide sensitive isolates carried the ermB gene. 21.9% of all strains belonged to the hypervirulent ST17 clone, most being of serotype III and all were rib +. We found a few serotype IV isolates belonging to several STs and one serotype V/ST110 strain, containing a 44-bp deletion in the atr allele. Conclusions The presence of silent ermB genes is of worry, as their expression upon macrolide exposure could lead to unforeseen therapeutic failure, while clindamycin is used for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, in case of penicillin allergy. The other alarming result is the high prevalence of ST17 among these strains from STD patients, who could be sources of further infections. This is the first report from Hungary providing both serotyping and genotyping data of GBS isolates. These results could be helpful for vaccine production as the major vaccine candidates are capsular antigens or surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kardos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Tóthpál
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Laub
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kristóf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Rozgonyi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.
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14
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Cobo-Angel CG, Jaramillo-Jaramillo AS, Palacio-Aguilera M, Jurado-Vargas L, Calvo-Villegas EA, Ospina-Loaiza DA, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Sanchez J, Zadoks R, Ceballos-Marquez A. Potential group B Streptococcus interspecies transmission between cattle and people in Colombian dairy farms. Sci Rep 2019. [PMID: 31575879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598–019–50225–w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal death and an emerging pathogen in adults. Additionally, GBS is a bovine pathogen causing intramammary infections. The likelihood of GBS interspecies transmission is largely unknown. We explored the potential transmission of GBS between cattle and people on dairy farms in Colombia and compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of isolates from both host species. Across 33 farms, throat swabs and rectal swabs were collected from 191 people, and rectal swabs and composite milk samples from 2092 cattle, yielding 60 human isolates and 301 bovine isolates. The majority (64%) of isolates belonged to shared sequence types (ST). Sequence type (ST) 1 was the most common strain in both host species, suggesting that interspecies transmission may be possible. Two members of the bovine-specific clonal complex 61/67 were detected in human samples (ST718 and ST1175), providing evidence for the lack of genuine species barriers. Apparent prevalence of penicillin resistance was surprisingly high in human and bovine isolates. Further investigation of this phenomenon is needed and could lead to modification of standard testing and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Cobo-Angel
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Ana S Jaramillo-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Diego A Ospina-Loaiza
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ruth Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
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15
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Potential group B Streptococcus interspecies transmission between cattle and people in Colombian dairy farms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14025. [PMID: 31575879 PMCID: PMC6773701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal death and an emerging pathogen in adults. Additionally, GBS is a bovine pathogen causing intramammary infections. The likelihood of GBS interspecies transmission is largely unknown. We explored the potential transmission of GBS between cattle and people on dairy farms in Colombia and compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of isolates from both host species. Across 33 farms, throat swabs and rectal swabs were collected from 191 people, and rectal swabs and composite milk samples from 2092 cattle, yielding 60 human isolates and 301 bovine isolates. The majority (64%) of isolates belonged to shared sequence types (ST). Sequence type (ST) 1 was the most common strain in both host species, suggesting that interspecies transmission may be possible. Two members of the bovine-specific clonal complex 61/67 were detected in human samples (ST718 and ST1175), providing evidence for the lack of genuine species barriers. Apparent prevalence of penicillin resistance was surprisingly high in human and bovine isolates. Further investigation of this phenomenon is needed and could lead to modification of standard testing and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine.
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16
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Ali MM, Woldeamanuel Y, Woldetsadik DA, Chaka TE, Fenta DA, Dinberu MT, Weldetensaye EK, Ismael SJ, Tadesse BT. Prevalence of group B streptococcus among pregnant women and newborns at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:325. [PMID: 30991960 PMCID: PMC6469063 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B streptococcus (GBS) is reported as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Newborns from GBS colonized pregnant women are at high risk of infection. METHOD A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from November 05, 2014 to March 25, 2015. A total of 280 pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS using standard method recommended by Center of Disease Control and Prevention. GBS strains were serotyped by using serotype specific antisera. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data of pregnant women and newborns. Data was analyzed by using chi-square and logistic regression to determine factors associated with prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns. Descriptive statistics was used to determine prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT Prevalence of GBS among pregnant women, newborns and vertical transmission rate at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital were 44(15.7%), 26(8.9%) and 59.1% respectively. Among 26 GBS colonized newborns one developed sign and symptoms of early onset disease. Serotype distribution of GBS isolates collected from pregnant women and newborns was Ia 13(18.6%), Ib 9(12.9%), II 24(34.3%), III 8(11.4%), V 14(20%), and NT 2 (2.9%). CONCLUSION In our study we found relatively high prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and vertical transmission rate. The most prevalent GBS serotypes identified in this study were serotype II followed by V, Ia and Ib. Therefore, appropriate prevention strategies such as intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccine development should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Mohammed Ali
- School of Medical laboratory science, College of medicine and health science Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology College of Health Science Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asrat Woldetsadik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology College of Health Science Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Demissie Assegu Fenta
- School of Medical laboratory science, College of medicine and health science Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluwork Tefera Dinberu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eskinder Kebede Weldetensaye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Jamal Ismael
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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17
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Khalil MR, Uldbjerg N, Thorsen PB, Møller JK. Risk-based approach versus culture-based screening for identification of group B streptococci among women in labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 144:187-191. [PMID: 30467848 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a risk-based and culture-based screening approach for identification of group B streptococci (GBS) vaginal colonization using an intrapartum rectovaginal culture as the reference standard. METHODS Pregnant women attending the prenatal clinic at Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark, between April 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, were invited to participate in a prospective observational study. For prepartum culture-based screening, vaginal and rectal culture samples were obtained and, for reference, standard, paired vaginal and rectal culture samples were collected during labor. Risk factors for risk-based screening were previous early-onset GBS, GBS bacteriuria during pregnancy, maternal temperature ≥38.0°C intrapartum, and rupture of membranes for more than 18 hours. RESULTS The intrapartum rectovaginal GBS colonization rate was 30% (32/108) among participants with risk factors and 15% (123/794) among participants without risk factors. Culture-based screening demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio in predicting intrapartum GBS carriage of 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71-84), 95% (94-97), 78% (70-84), 95% (94-97), and 17 (12-23), respectively; for risk-based screening, these values were 21% (15-28), 90% (87-92), 30% (22-38), 85% (83-86), and 2 (1-3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Culture-based screening performed considerably better than a risk-based approach in identifying intrapartum GBS colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul B Thorsen
- Research Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens K Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
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18
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Mishra A, Nam GH, Gim JA, Lee HE, Jo A, Kim HS. Current Challenges of Streptococcus Infection and Effective Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Control Methods in Aquaculture. Mol Cells 2018; 41:495-505. [PMID: 29754470 PMCID: PMC6030242 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial etiological agents of streptococcal disease have been associated with fish mortality and serious global economic loss. Bacterial identification based on biochemical, molecular, and phenotypic methods has been routinely used, along with assessment of morphological analyses. Among these, the molecular method of 16S rRNA sequencing is reliable, but presently, advanced genomics are preferred over other traditional identification methodologies. This review highlights the geographical variation in strains, their relatedness, as well as the complexity of diagnosis, pathogenesis, and various control methods of streptococcal infections. Several limitations, from diagnosis to control, have been reported, which make prevention and containment of streptococcal disease difficult. In this review, we discuss the challenges in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and control methods and suggest appropriate molecular (comparative genomics), cellular, and environmental solutions from among the best available possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Gyu-Hwi Nam
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- The Genomics Institute, Life Sciences Department, UNIST, Ulsan 44919,
Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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19
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Pinto AM, Pereira TA, Alves V, Araújo A, Lage OM. Incidence and serotype characterisation of Streptococcus agalactiae in a Portuguese hospital. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:508-513. [PMID: 29180508 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), has been recognised as a worldwide causative pathogenic agent of neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia. To better understand the behaviour of S. agalactiae in pregnant women from a hospital from the North of Portugal, retrospective analyses were performed to describe epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of the isolates obtained. METHODS Based on laboratorial records and the hospital's patient files, a 6-year retrospective study was performed to analyse S. agalactiae isolates from screened pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation and hospitalised neonates from pregnant women between 24 and 41 weeks of gestation admitted in Hospital Pedro Hispano. Serotype characterisation was also performed in 67 GBS strains. RESULTS In 6692 pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation screened between 2011 and 2016, a total of 1377 S. agalactiae isolates (21%) were found. A high percentage (40%) of unknown colonisation status among hospitalised neonates from pregnant women between 24 and 41 weeks of gestations was also found. The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 8.7 (95% CI 7.0 to 10.8) cases per 1000 live births. Regarding serotype characterisation, serotype III (22.4%) was the most frequent, followed by serotype Ia (19.4%) and serotypes Ib and V (both with 17.9%). CONCLUSION High epidemiological values of GBS colonisation and incidence were found in this study. In Portugal studies on the epidemiology and behaviour of S. agalactiae remain limited, reinforcing the importance and need for S. agalactiae screening across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Pinto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tamegão Aires Pereira
- Department of Women, Children and Youth, Pediatrics and Neonatology Service, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valquíria Alves
- Department of MCDT, Clinical Pathology Service, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Maria Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Skolnik K, Nguyen A, Thornton CS, Waddell B, Williamson T, Rabin HR, Parkins MD. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen in human disease- but what about in cystic fibrosis? BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:660. [PMID: 28969684 PMCID: PMC5625721 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common commensal capable of causing severe invasive infections. Most GBS infections occur in neonates (often as pneumonia). GBS can also cause infection in adults with diabetes and other immunological impairments but rarely leads to pneumonia in adults. GBS has occasionally been found in the sputum of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, an inherited condition known for progressive lung disease. However, the epidemiology and clinical significance of GBS in CF are not understood. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a large single-centre adult CF population with an associated comprehensive, prospectively collected bacterial biobank beginning in 1978. We identified all individuals with GBS isolated from their sputum on at least one occasion. The primary outcome was risk of pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) at the time of the first GBS isolate compared to the preceding visit. Secondary outcomes included determining: prevalence of GBS infection in a CF population, whether GBS infections where transient or persistent, whether GBS strains were shared among patients, change in % predicted FEV1 at the time of GBS isolate compared to the preceding visit, PEx frequency after the first GBS isolate, change in % predicted FEV1 after the first GBS isolate, and complications of GBS infection. RESULTS GBS was uncommon, infecting 3.5% (11/318) adults within our cohort. Only three individuals developed persistent GBS infection, all lasting > 12 months. There were no shared GBS strains among patients. PEx risk was not increased at initial GBS isolation (RR 5.0, CI 0.69-36.1, p=0.10). In the two years preceding initial GBS isolation compared to the two following years, there was no difference in PEx frequency (median 2, range 0-4 vs 1, range 0 to 5, respectively, p=0.42) or lung function decline, as measured by % predicted FEV1, (median -1.0%, range -19 to 7% vs median -6.0%, range -18 to 22%, p=0.86). There were no invasive GBS infections. CONCLUSION In adults with CF, GBS is uncommon and is generally a transient colonizer of the lower airways. Despite the presence of structural lung disease and impaired innate immunity in CF, incident GBS infection did not increase PEx risk, PEx frequency, rate of lung function decline, or other adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Skolnik
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 7007 14th Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2V 1P9, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Third Floor TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Austin Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christina S Thornton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Barbara Waddell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Third Floor TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Harvey R Rabin
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 7007 14th Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2V 1P9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael D Parkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 7007 14th Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2V 1P9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Intrapartum PCR assay versus antepartum culture for assessment of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci in a Danish cohort at birth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180262. [PMID: 28678829 PMCID: PMC5497980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the performances of two strategies for predicting intrapartum vaginal carriage of group B streptococci (GBS). One strategy was based on an antepartum culture and the other on an intrapartum polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We conducted a prospective observational study enrolling 902 pregnant women offered GBS screening before delivery by two strategies. The Culture-strategy was based on vaginal and rectal cultures at 35–37 weeks’ gestation, whereas the PCR-strategy was based on PCR assay on intrapartum vaginal swab samples. An intrapartum vaginal culture for GBS was used as the reference standard from which the performances of the 2 strategies were evaluated. The reference standard showed a GBS-prevalence of 12%. The culture-strategy performed with a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 91%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 55%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 98%, and Likelihood ratio (LH+) of 9.2. The PCR-strategy showed corresponding values as sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 97%, PPV of 78%, NPV of 98%, and LH+ of 27.5. We conclude that in a Danish population with a low rate of early-onset neonatal infection with GBS, the intrapartum PCR assay performs better than the antepartum culture for identification of GBS vaginal carriers during labor.
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Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of invasive neonatal infections and a significant pathogen in immunocompromised adults. Screening to detect GBS colonization in pregnant women determines the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in that pregnancy. Efficient determination of the GBS colonization status of pregnant women is crucial. Methods that maximize the probability of GBS recovery are needed. The availability of technologies such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), molecular techniques, and chromogenic culture media, including Granada-type media, have changed the scenario for GBS detection and identification. This review presents and evaluates novel diagnostic tools, as well as classic identification techniques, for GBS species determination.
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Genotyping of Clinical Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Based on Molecular Serotype of Capsular (cps) Gene Cluster Sequences Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.36787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance in invasive and noninvasive Group B Streptococcus between 2008 and 2015 in China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:351-357. [PMID: 27692802 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an increasing pathogen threat to newborns and adults with immunodepressive diseases. Here, a total of 193 GBS, including 51 invasive and 142 noninvasive isolates, were collected from the patients with infections in 7 tertiary hospitals from 5 cities in China during the year 2008 to 2015. The strains of GBS were characterized by classical and molecular techniques for capsular polysaccharide serotyping, genes for pilus island (PI) and α-like protein (alp), and antibiotic resistance profiling. Of 193 isolates, the predominant serotypes were III (45.6%) and Ia (18.7%). All strains carried at least 1 PI gene. The combination of PI-2b and PI-1 was present in 46.1% isolates, followed by PI-2a alone (80, 41.5%) and PI-2b alone (23, 11.9%). The most prevalent alp gene was rib (87, 45.1%), followed by α-C (47, 24.4%), ε (33, 17.1%), alp2/3 (7, 3.6%) and alp4 (2, 1.0%), respectively. The clonal relationships between strains were investigated using multilocus sequence typing. The strains were distinguished into 26 individual sequence typing, and further clustered into 6 clonal complexes. A significant association was noted between the distributions of alp genes, serotyping and PI profiles, such as serotype III-rib-PI+PI-2a, Ib-α-C, and Ia-ε-PI-2a. No penicillin-resistant strains were detected, and 74.1%, 64.2%, and 68.9% were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline, respectively. The infective GBS isolates in China demonstrated epidemical features.
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Streptococcus agalactiaefrom pregnant women: antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance mechanisms and molecular typing. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:3205-3214. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYWe investigated the antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance mechanisms, virulence genes and clonal relationships of macrolide- and/or lincosamide-resistant (M+/−LR)Streptococcus agalactiae(group BStreptococcus, GBS) isolates from pregnant women in La Rioja in Northern Spain, a region with a significant immigrant population. In total 375 GBS isolates were recovered during 2011. About three-quarters of isolates were from European nationals and the remainder distributed among 23 other nationalities. Seventy-five (20%) were classified as M+/−LRstrains and 28 (37%) of these were resistant to ⩾3 classes of antibiotics. Capsular serotypes III (29·3%), V (21·3%) and II (12%) were the most frequent. A wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in M+/−LRstrains; notably, 5·3% harboured thelsa(C) gene associated with cross-resistance, andtet(W) was identified in a single strain. We report, for the first time, the detection of cadmium and copper resistance encoded bytcrB+cadA+cadCgenes in 20 M+/−LRstrains, which raises the possibility of co-selection of antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance disseminated through mobile genetic elements. The M+/−LRstrains were highly diverse by DNA macrorestriction profiles (65 patterns) and 16 multilocus sequence types (STs) distributed among six clonal complexes; the most frequent were ST1, ST19, and ST12, and two strains were novel (ST586 and ST601). In conclusion, a wide diversity of genetic lineages of macrolide, lincosamide and heavy-metal- resistant GBS strains was observed in an ethnically diverse maternal population.
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Sadeh M, Firouzi R, Derakhshandeh A, Bagher Khalili M, Kong F, Kudinha T. Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates From Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women at Yazd University Hospital, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e30412. [PMID: 27127592 PMCID: PMC4842249 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.30412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS) that colonize the vaginas of pregnant women may occasionally cause neonatal infections. It is one of the most common causes of sepsis and meningitis in neonates and of invasive diseases in pregnant women. It can also cause infectious disease among immunocompromised individuals. The distribution of capsular serotypes and genotypes varies over time and by geographic era. The serotyping and genotyping data of GBS in Iranian pregnant and non-pregnant women seems very limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the GBS molecular capsular serotype and genotype distribution of pregnant and non-pregnant carrier women at Yazd university hospital, in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 GBS strains isolated from 237 pregnant and 413 non-pregnant women were investigated for molecular capsular serotypes and surface protein genes using the multiplex PCR assay. The Chi-square method was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 650 samples, 100 (15.4%) were identified as GBS, with a predominance of capsular serotypes III (50%) [III-1 (49), III-3 (1)], followed by II (25%), Ia (12%), V (11%), and Ib (2%), which was similar with another study conducted in Tehran, Iran, but they had no serotype Ia in their report. The surface protein antigen genes distribution was rib (53%), epsilon (38%), alp2/3 (6%), and alpha-c (3%). Conclusions: The determination of serotype and surface proteins of GBS strains distribution would be relevant for the future possible formulation of a GBS vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Roya Firouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Abdollah Derakhshandeh, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7136138666, Fax: +98-7132286940, E-mail:
| | | | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Chromosomally and Extrachromosomally Mediated High-Level Gentamicin Resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:1702-7. [PMID: 26729498 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01933-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) is a leading cause of sepsis in neonates. The rate of invasive GBS disease in nonpregnant adults also continues to climb. Aminoglycosides alone have little or no effect on GBS, but synergistic killing with penicillin has been shown in vitro. High-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in GBS isolates, however, leads to the loss of a synergistic effect. We therefore performed a multicenter study to determine the frequency of HLGR GBS isolates and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to gentamicin resistance. From eight centers in four countries, 1,128 invasive and colonizing GBS isolates were pooled and investigated for the presence of HLGR. We identified two strains that displayed HLGR (BSU1203 and BSU452), both of which carried the aacA-aphD gene, typically conferring HLGR. However, only one strain (BSU1203) also carried the previously described chromosomal gentamicin resistance transposon designated Tn3706. For the other strain (BSU452), plasmid purification and subsequent DNA sequencing resulted in the detection of plasmid pIP501 carrying a remnant of a Tn3 family transposon. Its ability to confer HLGR was proven by transfer into an Enterococcus faecalis isolate. Conversely, loss of HLGR was documented after curing both GBS BSU452 and the transformed E. faecalis strain from the plasmid. This is the first report showing plasmid-mediated HLGR in GBS. Thus, in our clinical GBS isolates, HLGR is mediated both chromosomally and extrachromosomally.
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Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae from post-menopausal women. Maturitas 2015; 85:5-10. [PMID: 26857873 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS) is increasingly recognized as a pathogen in adult populations, including the elderly. Appropriate treatment involves antibiotics. An alternative to this strategy would be the administration of a polysaccharide vaccine therefore the capsular serotypes and molecular characterization of circulating strains needs to be known. Few studies have been conducted in this population. METHODS One hundred and seven GBS isolates collected from vagino-rectal swabs from 600 post-menopausal women were analysed for their capsular type, antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness (multilocus sequence typing, MLST). RESULTS The colonization rate was 17.8%. Capsular type III was predominant (34.6%), followed by type V (22.4%). The most frequent sequence type (ST) was 19 (23.3%), followed by 23 (18.7%), 1 (16.8%) and 17 (12.1%). Isolates were assembled into three phylogenetic groups from ST-19, ST-23 and ST-17 founders. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, whereas resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was recorded in 23.4% and 20.6% of isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our setting, the GBS colonization rate in postmenopausal women is similar to that reported in others populations studied. The population structure of these isolates is highly diverse and contains different STs. These data can contribute to the future development of a polysaccharide vaccine for preventing GBS infection in older adults.
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Rodriguez-Granger J, Spellerberg B, Asam D, Rosa-Fraile M. Non-haemolytic and non-pigmented group b streptococcus, an infrequent cause of early onset neonatal sepsis. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv089. [PMID: 26449711 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The haemolysin of Group B streptococci (GBS), a leading cause of neonatal infections, is a key virulence factor that has been implicated in the development of invasive infection. The frequency of non-haemolytic (NH) GBS isolates is around 5% among GBS carriers. To determine if similar rates are observed among invasive strains, we evaluated the incidence of NH strains among 199 GBS strains isolated from neonatal blood cultures (first week of life). Overall, we found two (1%) NH strains. This finding suggests that the frequency of NH GBS strains causing early onset invasive neonatal infection is lower than the reported frequency of NH GBS among colonizing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- University Hospital of Ulm, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Ulm, 89081 Germany
| | - Daniela Asam
- University Hospital of Ulm, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Ulm, 89081 Germany
| | - Manuel Rosa-Fraile
- University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Microbiology, Granada, 18014 Spain
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Alemseged G, Niguse S, Hailekiros H, Abdulkadir M, Saravanan M, Asmelash T. Isolation and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of group B Streptococcus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ayder Referral Hospital and Mekelle Health Center, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:518. [PMID: 26428867 PMCID: PMC4590256 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginal colonization with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the predominant risk factor for the development of invasive neonatal GBS diseases and puts newborns at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed to determine the colonization rate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of group B Streptococcus among pregnant women. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2014 at selected health facilities. A total of 139 antenatal clinics attendees, proportionally allocated, were recruited consecutively. Socio-demographic and clinical factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Todd Hewitt broth and in 5 % sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi square test. Results Among the 139, 19 (13.7 %) were positive for GBS. All the GBS isolates were susceptible (100 %) to penicillin G, vancomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin and gentamicin. Two of the GBS isolates showed multidrug resistance against norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant difference was observed for GBS colonization with any independent variables. Conclusion Vaginal colonization of GBS for the present study put emphasis on further investigation and accomplishment of routine GBS screening practices. The recovery of resistant strains to antimicrobial agents recommended in cases of penicillin allergic mothers indicates the importance of susceptibility test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebreselassie Alemseged
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia. .,Microbiology Department, Lemlem Karl Hospital, Maichew, Ethiopia.
| | - Selam Niguse
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Haftamu Hailekiros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Mehamud Abdulkadir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Tsehaye Asmelash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
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Combination of selective enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae colonisation of pregnant women. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 114:23-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kunze M, Zumstein K, Markfeld-Erol F, Elling R, Lander F, Prömpeler H, Berner R, Hufnagel M. Comparison of pre- and intrapartum screening of group B streptococci and adherence to screening guidelines: a cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:827-35. [PMID: 25922140 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Implementation of guidelines for group B streptococcal (GBS) prepartum screening (PS) rarely has been prospectively evaluated. To assess PS at 35-37 weeks of gestation and compare its predictive value to that of an intrapartum screening (IS) within 7 days of delivery, a surveillance cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Freiburg, Germany, during 2011-2012. Study participants included 937 pregnant women who had intrapartum cultures taken for vaginal and rectal GBS colonization. Colonization status was compared to PS, and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) rates calculated. The neonates were tested for GBS transmission via cultures from their throats and external ear canals. While 67.5% (633/937) of study participants had a PS, only 22.7% (144/633) underwent a fully guideline-compatible PS. However, maternal GBS colonization rates were similar when comparing PS (18.5% [117/633]) versus IS (17.0% [133/784]). The positive predictive value of a positive PS result for GBS positivity at delivery was 77.2 %. Women with a positive PS received IAP in 89.3% of cases (75/84). The capsular serotype distribution pattern of colonizing GBS strains has not changed in comparison to our 2003-2004 study--one with a similar study design. CONCLUSIONS Improved strategies for adoption of prepartum GBS screening are needed. WHAT IS KNOWN • The prediction of prepartum GBS screening for intrapartum colonization status has not been well studied. • Longitudinal studies of GBS screening are needed for screening program evaluations and vaccine development. What is New: • The rate of GBS screening has improved over 10 years, and intrapartum GBS colonization prediction was accurate. • Serotype distribution was stable and suggests the potential long-term efficacy of GBS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
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Lu B, Wang D, Zhou H, Zhu F, Li D, Zhang S, Shi Y, Cui Y, Huang L, Wu H. Distribution of pilus islands and alpha-like protein genes of group B Streptococcus colonized in pregnant women in Beijing, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1173-9. [PMID: 25669160 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the major pathogens of severe newborn sepsis and meningitis. Understanding its regional molecular epidemiology is helpful for regulating efficient prevention practice. A total of 160 GBS strains were collected from colonized pregnant women in six hospital settings in Beijing, China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to identify the pilus island (PI), alp genes profiling of the alpha-like protein family, and capsular polysaccharide (cps) serotyping. The clonal relationships between strains were investigated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). All isolates carried at least one pilus island. The most frequently detected pilus island was PI-2a alone (70 isolates, 43.8 %). The most prevalent alp gene was rib (60 isolates, 37.5 %). Moreover, a strong association was noted between alp genes, serotyping, and pilus island profiles. The GBS isolates under study hinted similar molecular epidemical characteristics in Beijing to those reported worldwide, but having their regional distributional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, No. 1 Gaojing Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100123, People's Republic of China,
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[Serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns in beta-hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in colonized mothers and newborns with invasive disease]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 33:84-8. [PMID: 25542335 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current preventive measures against neonatal disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) are prenatal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis with appropriate antimicrobials. An alternative to this strategy would be the administration of a polysaccharide vaccine as the distribution of capsular serotypes of circulating strains needs to be known. METHODS A study was made of 188 strains from pregnant women carrying GBS and 24 newborns with neonatal disease. Susceptibility testing was performed with penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin following CLSI standards, and capsular serotype was determined by two methods: latex agglutination and PCR. RESULTS Of the 188 strains of S.agalactiae from the pregnant women, there was 80.8% agreement in the results between the two techniques. Resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin was found in 16.5% and 10.1%, respectively. For neonatal strains, 95.8% of the results obtained by the two techniques were identical. The rates of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were 8.3% and 4.1%, respectively. In both groups, most frequently isolated serotype was iii, and the most related to antimicrobial resistance serotype was v. CONCLUSION Epidemiological studies are necessary to continue surveillance of serotypes causing invasive disease and its antibiotic sensitivity patterns using sensitive and specific methods.
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Survey of immunological features of the alpha-like proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 22:153-9. [PMID: 25540270 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00643-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) strains express a protein which belongs to the so-called alpha-like proteins (Alps), of which Cα, Alp1, Alp2, Alp3, Rib, and Alp4 are known to occur in GBS. The Alps are chimeras which form mosaic structures on the GBS surface. Both N- and C-terminal stretches of the Alps possess immunogenic sites of dissimilar immunological specificity. In this review, we have compiled data dealing with the specificity of the N- and C-terminal immunogenic sites of the Alps. The majority of N-terminal sites show protein specificity while the C-terminal sites show broader cross-reactivity. Molecular serotyping has revealed that antibody-based serotyping has often resulted in erroneous Alp identification, due to persistence of cross-reacting antibodies in antisera for serotyping. Retrospectively, this could be expected on the basis of sequence analysis results. Some of the historical R proteins are in fact Alps. The data included in the review may provide a basis for decisions regarding techniques for the preparation of specific antisera for serotyping of GBS, for use in other approaches in GBS research, and for decision making in the context of GBS vaccine developments.
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Nitschke H, Slickers P, Müller E, Ehricht R, Monecke S. DNA microarray-based typing of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3933-43. [PMID: 25165085 PMCID: PMC4313228 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02411-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae frequently colonizes the urogenital tract, and it is a major cause of bacterial septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns. For typing purposes, a microarray targeting group B streptococcus (GBS) virulence-associated markers and resistance genes was designed and validated with reference strains, as well as clinical and veterinary isolates. Selected isolates were also subjected to multilocus sequence typing. It was observed that putative typing markers, such as alleles of the alpha-like protein or capsule types, vary independently of each other, and they also vary independently from the affiliation to their multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-defined sequence types. Thus, it is not possible to assign isolates to sequence types based on the identification of a single distinct marker, such as a capsule type or alp allele. This suggests the occurrence of frequent genomic recombination. For array-based typing, a set of 11 markers (bac, alp, pil1 locus, pepS8, fbsB, capsule locus, hylB, abiG-I/-II plus Q8DZ34, pil2 locus, nss plus srr plus rogB2, and rgfC/A/D/B) was defined that provides a framework for splitting the tested 448 S. agalactiae isolates into 76 strains that clustered mainly according to MLST-defined clonal complexes. There was evidence for region- and host-specific differences in the population structure of S. agalactiae, as well as an overrepresentation of strains related to sequence type 17 among the invasive isolates. The arrays and typing scheme described here proved to be a convenient tool for genotyping large numbers of clinical/veterinary isolates and thus might help obtain insight into the epidemiology of S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Nitschke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elblandklinikum Meißen, Meissen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
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Rosa-Fraile M, Dramsi S, Spellerberg B. Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:932-46. [PMID: 24617549 PMCID: PMC4315905 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus [(GBS or Streptococcus agalactiae)] is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis and septicaemia. Most clinical isolates express simultaneously a β-haemolysin/cytolysin and a red polyenic pigment, two phenotypic traits important for GBS identification in medical microbiology. The genetic determinants encoding the GBS haemolysin and pigment have been elucidated and the molecular structure of the pigment has been determined. The cyl operon involved in haemolysin and pigment production is regulated by the major two-component system CovS/R, which coordinates the expression of multiple virulence factors of GBS. Genetic analyses indicated strongly that the haemolysin activity was due to a cytolytic toxin encoded by cylE. However, the biochemical nature of the GBS haemolysin has remained elusive for almost a century because of its instability during purification procedures. Recently, it has been suggested that the haemolytic and cytolytic activity of GBS is due to the ornithine rhamnopolyenic pigment and not to the CylE protein. Here we review and summarize our current knowledge of the genetics, regulation and biochemistry of these twin GBS phenotypic traits, including their functions as GBS virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Institut PasteurParis, France
- CNRS ERL 3526Paris, France
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital UlmUlm, Germany
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Tajbakhsh S, Norouzi Esfahani M, Emaneini M, Motamed N, Rahmani E, Gharibi S. Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae by fluorescent in situ hybridization compared to culturing and the determination of prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization among pregnant women in Bushehr, Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:420. [PMID: 24010831 PMCID: PMC3846163 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci [GBS]) may transfer this microorganism to their newborns. S. agalactiae is an important cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is considered as a method of identification in the field of diagnostic microbiology. In this paper, we have designed a study to compare the DNA FISH after 7 h Lim broth enrichment and culturing for the identification of S. agalactiae and to determine the prevalence of vaginal colonization by S. agalactiae among pregnant women in Bushehr, Iran. METHODS Vaginal swab specimens were obtained from 285 pregnant women at 35 weeks or more than 35 weeks of gestation. The specimens were inoculated into Lim broth. In order to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of GBS DNA FISH after 7 h Lim broth enrichment, the specimens were tested using both FISH and conventional culture methods. In addition, the prevalence of GBS colonization was determined. RESULTS Based on the results of this study, both the sensitivity and specificity of FISH were 100%. S. agalactiae was detected by both culture and FISH in 27 of the 285 pregnant women. Thus, the prevalence of GBS colonization was 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS Since short-term (7 h) Lim broth enrichment followed by FISH using oligonucleotide probes showed a high sensitivity and specificity, this protocol is therefore a highly accurate and relatively rapid method for the detection of S. agalactiae. Our analysis suggests that the use of DNA FISH to screen for S. agalactiae colonization in pregnant women may be considered in the absence of GBS culture availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, P, O, Box 3631, Bushehr, Iran.
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Oviedo P, Pegels E, Laczeski M, Quiroga M, Vergara M. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women. First study in a province of Argentina. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:253-8. [PMID: 24159312 PMCID: PMC3804206 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal infections. Our purpose was to characterize GBS colonization in pregnant women, current serotypes, resistance phenotypes and genes associated with virulence. In Misiones, Argentina, there are no previous data on this topic. Vaginal-rectal swabs from 3125 pregnant women were studied between 2004 and 2010. GBS strains were identified by conventional and serological methods (Phadebact Strep B Test, ETC International, Bactus AB, Sweden). Serotypes were detected using Strep-B Latex (Statens Serum Institut, Denmark). Resistance phenotypes were determined by the double-disk test. Genes were studied by PCR. Maternal colonization was 9.38%. Resistance to erythromycin was 11.6%, and the constitutive phenotype was the predominant one. Serotype Ia was the most frequent, whereas serotypes IV, VI, VII and VIII were not detected. The lmb, bca and hylB genes were detected in more than 79% of the strains. In this study, the colonization rate with GBS and the serotype distribution were compared with studies reported in other areas of the country. The high resistance to erythromycin in Misiones justifies performing antibiotic susceptibility testing. The serotype distribution, the genes encoding putative virulence factors, and the patterns of resistance phenotypes of GBS may vary in different areas. They thus need to be evaluated in each place to devise strategies for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Oviedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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Patil K, Singla SS, Nagmoti MB. Group B Streptococci Colonization in Pregnant Women: Is Screening Necessary? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objectives
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) has been recognized as the leading cause of serious neonatal infections through mother—fetal vertical transmission in the west, however, in India, its spectrum is largely under estimated. The present study was carried out to find the incidence of rectovaginal carriage of GBS in parturient women, association with risk factors in mother and to study the neonatal outcome.
Materials and methods
A one year cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in 905 parturient women admitted at a tertiary care center meeting the selection criteria over a period of one year from June 2007 to May 2008. The inclusion criteria were all pregnant women admitted to the labor room after 35 ± 1 week of gestation. Rectal and vaginal swabs were taken and cultured on selective Todd-Hewitt broth medium followed by sub culture on blood agar and confirmation by Latex agglutination test from all the women meeting the inclusion criteria. The outcomes measured were the incidence, antenatal risk factors in mother and the neonatal outcome. Analysis was done using paired ‘t’ test, chi-square test and a p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results
Incidence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) was 12.15% and detection rate was increased by 4.6% with the inclusion of rectal swabs for culture. GBS carriage was significantly increased with preterm birth (OR 8.3, 95% CI,1.1- 15.5), premature rupture of membranes (OR 7.5, 95% CI, 1.1- 13.4), prolonged duration of ruptured membranes more than 10 hours (OR 21, 95% CI,15.2-34.2) and intrapartum temperature more than 38°C(OR 3.1, 95% CI, 0.43-6.66). Birth weight less than 2.5 kg and neonatal intensive care admissions were significantly more (35.45%) in infants of GBS positive women.
Conclusion
GBS colonization was more frequent in women with risk factors. GBS pick up rate was increased by the inclusion of both rectal and vaginal swabs.
How to cite this article
Patil KP, Singla SS, Nagmoti MB, Swamy MK. Group B Streptococci Colonization in Pregnant Women: Is Screening Necessary? J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):64-67.
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Colonization with Group B streptococcus and Ureaplasma urealyticum among parturient women in Poland and Ukraine. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012; 120:95-6. [PMID: 23084560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The application of multiplex PCR to detect seven different DNA targets in group B streptococci. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:163-7. [PMID: 22407941 PMCID: PMC3345335 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe infections in infants and in immunocompromised adults. GBS pathogenicity varies between and within serotypes, with considerable variation in genetic content between strains. For this reason, it is important to be able to carry out immediate and comprehensive diagnostics of these infections. Seven genes important for screening of GBS infection were detected: cfb gene encoding the CAMP factor presented in every GBS; the cps operon genes such as cps1aH, cps1a/2/3IJ, and cps5O specific for capsular polysaccharide types Ia, III, and V, respectively; macrolide resistance genes ermB and mefA/E; and the gbs2018 S10 region specific for ST17 hypervirulent clone. Standardization of multiplex PCR with the use of seven primer pairs was performed on 81 bacterial strains representing different GBS isolates (n = 75) and other Gram-positive cocci (n = 10). Multiplex PCR can be used as an effective screening method to detect different sequences important for the screening of GBS infection.
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Boswihi SS, Udo EE, Al-Sweih N. Serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Group B streptococcus isolated from patients at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:126-131. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.035477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samar S. Boswihi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Edet E. Udo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Noura Al-Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Kunze M, Ziegler A, Fluegge K, Hentschel R, Proempeler H, Berner R. Colonization, serotypes and transmission rates of group B streptococci in pregnant women and their infants born at a single University Center in Germany. J Perinat Med 2011; 39:417-22. [PMID: 21557677 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2011.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate colonization, transmission rate and serotype distribution of group B streptococci (GBS) in pregnant women and infants born in a single University Center in Germany. METHODS In a prospective study we collected cultures from pregnant women and ear cultures from newborns. We performed serotyping and susceptibility testing. Obstetrical factors associated with mother to infant transmission were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS We evaluated cultures of 869 pregnant women and 845 neonates including 657 paired maternal-neonatal cultures. Maternal colonization occurred in 21.1% (183/869), transmission from mother to newborn in 11.2% (17/152). Intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP) and cesarean delivery were associated with reduction of transmission rate (P=0.014 and 0.019, respectively). The incidence for early-onset disease (EOD) was 1.71 per 1000 live births. Of GBS positive women IAP was administered in only 39% (59/152). Serotype III was the most prevalent isolate (28% maternal; 52% neonatal) and transmission occurred more frequently compared to other serotypes. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of EOD and distribution of serotypes in Germany are similar to published data from the USA prior to 1996. Despite national guidelines with universal GBS screening, our study demonstrated a lack of adherence to this recommendation. There is a need for enhanced compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Abuseliana AF, Mohd Daud HH, Abdul Aziz S, Bejo SK, Alsaid M. Pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from a Fish Farm in Selangor to Juvenile Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2011.914.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Streptococcus agalactiae alpha-like protein 1 possesses both cross-reacting and Alp1-specific epitopes. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1365-70. [PMID: 21653744 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05005-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) express an alpha-like protein (Alp), Cα (encoded by bca), Alp1 (also called epsilon; alp1), Alp2 (alp2), Alp3 (alp3), Alp4 (alp4), or R4/Rib (rib). These proteins are chimeras with a mosaic structure and with antigenic determinants with variable immunological cross-reactivities between the Alps, including Alp1 and Cα cross-reactivity. This study focused on antigenic domains of Alp1, studied by using rabbit antisera in immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based tests and whole cells of GBS or trypsin-extracted and partially purified antigens from the strains A909 (serotype Ia/Cα, Cβ) and 335 (Ia/Alp1). Alp1 and Cα shared an antigenic determinant, Alp1/Cα common, not harbored by other Alps, probably located in the Alp1 and Cα repeat units, as these units are nearly identical in genomic sequence. An antigenic Alp1 determinant was Alp1 specific and was most likely located in the N-terminal unit of Alp1 in which an Alp1-specific primer site for PCR is also located. In addition, Alp1 possessed a domain with low immunogenicity which cross-reacted immunologically with Alp2 and Alp3, with unknown location in Alp1. Alp1 was partially degraded by trypsin during antigen extraction but with the antigenic domains preserved. The results indicate that Cα and Alp1 are immunologically related in the same manner that R4 (Rib) and Alp3 are related. The domain called Alp1 specific should be important in GBS serotyping as a surface-anchored serosubtype marker. The Alp1/Cα common determinant may be of prime interest as an immunogenic domain in a GBS vaccine.
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Molecular characterization of capsular polysaccharides and surface protein genes in relation to genetic similarity of group B streptococci isolated from Polish pregnant women. Epidemiol Infect 2011; 140:329-36. [PMID: 21489340 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268811000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotyping, subtyping and genotyping are important tools for epidemiological studies of group B streptococci (GBS). We investigated the genotype distribution of 353 GBS isolates originating from vaginal or rectal carriage to identify capsular serotypes and subtypes based on the surface protein genes of the alpha-like protein (Alp) family. GBS were recovered from 30% of 1176 pregnant women during the period 2007-2009, with a predominance of capsular genotypes III (35%), Ia (20%), V (17%), II (15%), Ib (8%) and IV (5%). The most common Alp gene was epsilon (26%), followed by rib (22%), alp2 (21%), bca (17%) and alp3 (14%). Several protein genes were significantly associated (G(2)=249·635, P<0·0001) with particular serotypes: epsilon with Ia, Ib, IV; bca with Ib, II; rib with II, III; alp3 with V; alp2 with III. High genetic diversity within GBS strains was observed using DNA macrorestriction. Serotypes Ib, II and III demonstrated the greatest genetic heterogeneity and serotype V the lowest heterogeneity (relative frequency coefficient ≥0·03 vs. -0·46, respectively). Macrolide-resistant strains with serotype V and alp3 gene, showed higher uniformity in genetic profile. The distribution of serotypes and surface proteins of GBS strains are necessary data to inform the design and formulation of new GBS vaccines for use in Poland and other countries.
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Madzivhandila M, Adrian PV, Cutland CL, Kuwanda L, Schrag SJ, Madhi SA. Serotype distribution and invasive potential of group B streptococcus isolates causing disease in infants and colonizing maternal-newborn dyads. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17861. [PMID: 21445302 PMCID: PMC3061872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotype-specific polysaccharide based group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccines are being developed. An understanding of the serotype epidemiology associated with maternal colonization and invasive disease in infants is necessary to determine the potential coverage of serotype-specific GBS vaccines. METHODS Colonizing GBS isolates were identified by vaginal swabbing of mothers during active labor and from skin of their newborns post-delivery. Invasive GBS isolates from infants were identified through laboratory-based surveillance. GBS serotyping was done by latex agglutination. Serologically non-typeable isolates were typed by a serotype-specific PCR method. The invasive potential of GBS serotypes associated with sepsis within seven days of birth was evaluated in association to maternal colonizing serotypes. RESULTS GBS was identified in 289 (52.4%) newborns born to 551 women with GBS-vaginal colonization and from 113 (5.6%) newborns born to 2,010 mothers in whom GBS was not cultured from vaginal swabs. The serotype distribution among vaginal-colonizing isolates was as follows: III (37.3%), Ia (30.1%), and II (11.3%), V (10.2%), Ib (6.7%) and IV (3.7%). There were no significant differences in serotype distribution between vaginal and newborn colonizing isolates (P = 0.77). Serotype distribution of invasive GBS isolates were significantly different to that of colonizing isolates (P<0.0001). Serotype III was the most common invasive serotype in newborns less than 7 days (57.7%) and in infants 7 to 90 days of age (84.3%; P<0.001). Relative to serotype III, other serotypes showed reduced invasive potential: Ia (0.49; 95%CI 0.31-0.77), II (0.30; 95%CI 0.13-0.67) and V (0.38; 95%CI 0.17-0.83). CONCLUSION In South Africa, an anti-GBS vaccine including serotypes Ia, Ib and III has the potential of preventing 74.1%, 85.4% and 98.2% of GBS associated with maternal vaginal-colonization, invasive disease in neonates less than 7 days and invasive disease in infants between 7-90 days of age, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashudu Madzivhandila
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter V. Adrian
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clare L. Cutland
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Locadiah Kuwanda
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephanie J. Schrag
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ippolito DL, James WA, Tinnemore D, Huang RR, Dehart MJ, Williams J, Wingerd MA, Demons ST. Group B streptococcus serotype prevalence in reproductive-age women at a tertiary care military medical center relative to global serotype distribution. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:336. [PMID: 21106080 PMCID: PMC3004907 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) serotype (Ia, Ib, II-IX) correlates with pathogen virulence and clinical prognosis. Epidemiological studies of seroprevalence are an important metric for determining the proportion of serotypes in a given population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of individual GBS serotypes at Madigan Healthcare System (Madigan), the largest military tertiary healthcare facility in the Pacific Northwestern United States, and to compare seroprevalences with international locations. Methods To determine serotype distribution at Madigan, we obtained GBS isolates from standard-of-care anogenital swabs from 207 women of indeterminate gravidity between ages 18-40 during a five month interval. Serotype was determined using a recently described molecular method of polymerase chain reaction by capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes associated with pathogen virulence. Results Serotypes Ia, III, and V were the most prevalent (28%, 27%, and 17%, respectively). A systematic review of global GBS seroprevalence, meta-analysis, and statistical comparison revealed strikingly similar serodistibution at Madigan relative to civilian-sector populations in Canada and the United States. Serotype Ia was the only serotype consistently higher in North American populations relative to other geographic regions (p < 0.005). The number of non-typeable isolates was significantly lower in the study (p < 0.005). Conclusion This study establishes PCR-based serotyping as a viable strategy for GBS epidemiological surveillance. Our results suggest that GBS seroprevalence remains stable in North America over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Ippolito
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Healthcare System, 9040 Reid St,, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
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