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Lenkavska L, Blascakova L, Jurasekova Z, Macajova M, Bilcik B, Cavarga I, Miskovsky P, Huntosova V. Benefits of hypericin transport and delivery by low- and high-density lipoproteins to cancer cells: From in vitro to ex ovo. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bour A, Kruglik SG, Chabanon M, Rangamani P, Puff N, Bonneau S. Lipid Unsaturation Properties Govern the Sensitivity of Membranes to Photoinduced Oxidative Stress. Biophys J 2019; 116:910-920. [PMID: 30777304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated lipid oxidation is a fundamental process involved in different aspects of cellular bioenergetics; dysregulation of lipid oxidation is often associated with cell aging and death. To study how lipid oxidation affects membrane biophysics, we used a chlorin photosensitizer to oxidize vesicles of various lipid compositions and degrees of unsaturation in a controlled manner. We observed different shape transitions that can be interpreted as an increase in the area of the targeted membrane followed by a decrease. These area modifications induced by the chemical modification of the membrane upon oxidation were followed in situ by Raman tweezers microspectroscopy. We found that the membrane area increase corresponds to the lipids' peroxidation and is initiated by the delocalization of the targeted double bonds in the tails of the lipids. The subsequent decrease of membrane area can be explained by the formation of cleaved secondary products. As a result of these area changes, we observe vesicle permeabilization after a time lag that is characterized in relation with the level of unsaturation. The evolution of photosensitized vesicle radius was measured and yields an estimation of the mechanical changes of the membrane over oxidation time. The membrane is both weakened and permeabilized by the oxidation. Interestingly, the effect of unsaturation level on the dynamics of vesicles undergoing photooxidation is not trivial and thus carefully discussed. Our findings shed light on the fundamental dynamic mechanisms underlying the oxidation of lipid membranes and highlight the role of unsaturations on their physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bour
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Sergei G Kruglik
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicolas Puff
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UFR 925, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France.
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Luiza Andreazza N, Vevert-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G, Sureau F, José Salvador M, Bonneau S. Berberine as a photosensitizing agent for antitumoral photodynamic therapy: Insights into its association to low density lipoproteins. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:240-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Py-Daniel KR, Namban JS, de Andrade LR, de Souza PE, Paterno LG, Azevedo RB, Soler MA. Highly efficient photodynamic therapy colloidal system based on chloroaluminum phthalocyanine/pluronic micelles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 103:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Socoteanu R, Manda G, Boscencu R, Vasiliu G, Oliveira AS. Synthesis, Spectral Analysis and Preliminary in Vitro Evaluation of Some Tetrapyrrolic Complexes with 3d Metal Ions. Molecules 2015; 20:15488-99. [PMID: 26343614 PMCID: PMC6331937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, two tetrapyrrolic complexes, Zn(II)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin and Cu(II)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin were synthesized, and characterized from a spectral and biological point of view. The study provided data concerning the behavior of identical external substituents vs. two different core insertions. Some of the properties of the proposed tetrapyrrolic structures were highlighted, having photodynamic therapy of cancer as a targeted biomedical application. Elemental analysis, NMR, FTIR and UV-Vis data in various solvents were provided. A preliminary in vitro study on normal and cancer cultured cells was carried out for biocompatibility assessment in dark conditions. The preliminary in vitro study performed on human peripheral mononuclear cells exposed to tetrapyrrolic compounds (2 µM) showed that the proposed compounds had a convenient cytotoxic profile on human normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells under dark conditions. Meanwhile, the investigated compounds reduced the number of metabolically active breast tumor MCF-7 cells, with the exception of Zn(II) complex-containing a symmetrical ligand. Accordingly, preliminary in vitro data suggest that the proposed tetrapyrrolic compounds are good candidates for PDT, as they limit tumor expansion even under dark conditions, whilst sparing normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Socoteanu
- Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 77208 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gina Manda
- Victor Babeş" National Institute for Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, 99-101 Splaiul Independenţei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Georgiana Vasiliu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anabela Sousa Oliveira
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Center and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Coordination for Research and Innovation, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Lugar da Abadessa, Apartado 148, Portalegre 7301-901, Portugal.
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Jin H, Chen J, Lovell JF, Zhang Z, Zheng G. Synthesis and Development of Lipoprotein-Based Nanocarriers for Light-Activated Theranostics. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Boscencu R, Oliveira AS, Ferreira DP, Ferreira LFV. Synthesis and spectral evaluation of some unsymmetrical mesoporphyrinic complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8112-8125. [PMID: 22942693 PMCID: PMC3430224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and spectral evaluation of new zinc and copper unsymmetrical mesoporphyrinic complexes are reported. Zn(II)-5-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-10,15,20- tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)porphyrin, Zn(II)-5-[(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl]-10,15,20- tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)porphyrin, Cu(II)-5-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-10,15,20- tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)porphyrin and Cu(II)-5-[(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl]-10,15,20- tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)porphyrin were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, EPR and NMR spectroscopy, which fully confirmed their structure. The spectral absorption properties of the porphyrinic complexes were studied in solvents with different polarities. Fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen formation quantum yields were evaluated for the compounds under study, revealing high yields for the zinc derivatives. The copper complexes are not emissive and only display residual capacity for singlet oxygen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., Bucharest 020956, Romania
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +4021-3111152
| | - Anabela Sousa Oliveira
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Center, IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.S.O.); (D.P.F.); (L.F.V.F.)
- School of Technology and Business, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Lugar da Abadessa, Apartado 148, Portalegre 7301-901, Portugal
| | - Diana P. Ferreira
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Center, IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.S.O.); (D.P.F.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Luís Filipe Vieira Ferreira
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Center, IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.S.O.); (D.P.F.); (L.F.V.F.)
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Microwave synthesis under solvent-free conditions and spectral studies of some mesoporphyrinic complexes. Molecules 2012; 17:5592-603. [PMID: 22576229 PMCID: PMC6268152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of A3B and A4 type mesoporphyrinic complexes were synthesized with superior yields using microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions. The structures of the complexes were confirmed using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, EPR and NMR spectral data. The influence of environmental polarity on spectral properties of the mesoporphyrinic complexes was investigated. The obtained results indicate that the shape of absorption and fluorescence spectra does not depend on the solvent polarity under the experimental conditions used. The small shifts of the absorption and emission maximums that occur by increasing of solvent polarity reflects the physical interaction between the porphyrinic substituents and the solvent molecules.
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Kerdous R, Heuvingh J, Bonneau S. Photo-dynamic induction of oxidative stress within cholesterol-containing membranes: Shape transitions and permeabilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2965-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Boscencu R, Ilie M, Socoteanu R. Spectroscopic behavior of some A(3)B type tetrapyrrolic complexes in several organic solvents and micellar media. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5552-64. [PMID: 22016608 PMCID: PMC3189732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents spectral studies of some unsymmetrical A3B tetrapyrrolic, porphyrin-type complexes with Cu(II) and Zn(II) in different solvents and micellar media aimed at estimating their properties in connection with the living cell. The results indicate that the position of the absorption and emission peaks is mostly influenced by the central metal ion and less by the environmental polarity or the peripheric substituents of the porphyrinic core. The comparison between the overall absorption and emission spectra of the compounds in methanol or cyclohexane vs. direct and reverse Triton X micellar systems, respectively, suggests for all compounds the localization at the interface between the polyethylene oxide chains and the tert-octyl-phenyl etheric residue of the Triton X-100 molecules. These findings could be important when testing the compounds embedded in liposomes or other delivery systems to the targeted cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest 020956, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Mihaela Ilie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest 020956, Romania; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +4-021-3111152; Fax: +4-021-3111152
| | - Radu Socoteanu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenţei, Bucharest 060021, Romania; E-Mail:
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Unsymmetrical Mesoporphyrinic Complexes of Copper (II) and Zinc (II). Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Molecules 2011. [PMCID: PMC6264424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New unsymmetrical mesoporphyrinic complexes, namely 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20–tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)–21,23-Zn(II)-porphine and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20–tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)–21,23-Cu(II)-porphine, were synthesized using a microwave irradiation method. The structures of the porphyrinic complexes were confirmed using FT-IR, UV–Vis, EPR and NMR spectral data. The spectral absorption and emission properties of the porphyrinic complexes were studied in organic solvents of different polarities and the influence of solvent polarity on the wavelengths of the absorbance and fluorescence band maxima is described. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the porphyrinic complexes was performed on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 for different doses and incubation times. The obtained result indicates a lack of or low toxicity for both compounds, thus recommending them for further testing in light activation protocols.
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Buriankova L, Buzova D, Chorvat D, Sureau F, Brault D, Miskovský P, Jancura D. Kinetics of hypericin association with low-density lipoproteins. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 87:56-63. [PMID: 21114669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy have been used for the study of the incorporation kinetics of hypericin (Hyp) into low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Biphasic kinetics of Hyp association with LDL was observed when solutions of Hyp and LDL were mixed at various concentration ratios. The rapid phase of Hyp incorporation is completed within seconds, while the slow phase lasts several minutes. The relative contributions of the individual phases show that a higher amount of Hyp molecules (65%) are incorporated into LDL in the second phase. The kinetics of the incorporation of Hyp into LDL particles preloaded with Hyp (Hyp/LDL=25:1) was also investigated. The decreased intensity of Hyp fluorescence is a sign of the formation of Hyp aggregates after penetration of additional Hyp molecules into Hyp/LDL=25:1 complex. The time dependence of Hyp fluorescence was measured after mixing the complex Hyp/LDL =200:1 with appropriate amounts of free LDL molecules. For each final Hyp/LDL ratio, an increase in the intensity and lifetime of Hyp fluorescence was observed, suggesting a monomerization of Hyp aggregates. The half-time of Hyp transfer from Hyp/LDL complex to LDL particles is similar to the half-time of the slow phase of Hyp incorporation into free LDL particles.
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Vermathen M, Marzorati M, Vermathen P, Bigler P. pH-dependent distribution of chlorin e6 derivatives across phospholipid bilayers probed by NMR spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11085-11094. [PMID: 20420428 DOI: 10.1021/la100679y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The pH-dependent membrane adsorption and distribution of three chlorin derivatives, chlorin e6 (CE), rhodin G7 (RG), and monoaspartyl-chlorin e6 (MACE), in the physiological pH range (pH 6-8) were probed by NMR spectroscopy. Unilamellar vesicles consisting of dioleoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DOPC) were used as membrane models. The chlorin derivatives were characterized with respect to their aggregation behavior, the pK(a) values of individual carboxylate groups, the extent of membrane adsorption, and their flip-flop rates across the bilayer membrane for pH 6-8. External membrane adsorption was found to be lower for RG than for CE and MACE. Both electrostatic interactions and the extent of aggregation seemed to be the main determinants of membrane adsorption. Rate constants for chlorin transfer across the membrane were found to correlate strongly with the pH of the surrounding medium, in particular, for CE and RG. In acidic solution, CE and RG transfer across the membrane was strongly accelerated, and in basic solution, all compounds were retained, mostly in the outer monolayer. In contrast, MACE flip-flop across the membrane remained very low even at pH 6. The protonation of ionizable groups is suggested to be a major determinant of chlorin transfer rates across the bilayer. pK(a) values of CE and RG were found to be between 6 and 8, and two of the carboxylate groups in MACE had pK(a) values below 6. For CE and RG, the kinetic profiles at acidic pH indicated that the initial fast membrane distribution was followed by secondary steps that are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Heuvingh J, Bonneau S. Asymmetric oxidation of giant vesicles triggers curvature-associated shape transition and permeabilization. Biophys J 2010; 97:2904-12. [PMID: 19948119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of unsaturated lipids is a fundamental process involved in cell bioenergetics as well as in cell death. Using giant unilamellar vesicles and a chlorin photosensitizer, we asymmetrically oxidized the outer or inner monolayers of lipid membranes. We observed different shape transitions such as oblate to prolate and budding, which are typical of membrane curvature modifications. The asymmetry of the shape transitions is in accordance with a lowered effective spontaneous curvature of the leaflet being targeted. We interpret this effect as a decrease in the preferred area of the targeted leaflet compared to the other, due to the secondary products of oxidation (cleaved-lipids). Permeabilization of giant vesicles by light-induced oxidation is observed after a lag and is characterized in relation with the photosensitizer concentration. We interpret permeabilization as the opening of a pore above a critical membrane tension, resulting from the budding of vesicles. The evolution of photosensitized giant vesicle lysis tension was measured and yields an estimation of the effective spontaneous curvature at lysis. Additionally photo-oxidation was shown to be fusogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Heuvingh
- Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, UMR7636, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Ecole Superieure Physique Chimie Industrielles Ville de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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Chiral porphyrazine near-IR optical imaging agent exhibiting preferential tumor accumulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 107:1284-8. [PMID: 20080563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912811107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A chiral porphyrazine (pz), H(2)[pz(trans-A(2)B(2))] (247), has been prepared that exhibits preferential in vivo accumulation in the cells of tumors. Pz 247 exhibits near-infrared (NIR) emission with lambda > 700 nm in the required wavelength range for maximum tissue penetration. When MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells are treated with 247, the agent shows strong intracellular fluorescence with an emission maximum, 704 nm, which indicates that it localizes within a hydrophobic microenvironment. Pz 247 is shown to associate with the lipophilic core of LDL and undergo cellular entry primarily through receptor-mediated endocytosis accumulating in lysosomes. Preliminary in vivo studies show that 247 exhibits preferential accumulation and retention in the cells of MDA-MB-231 tumors subcutaneously implanted in mice, thereby enabling NIR optical imaging with excellent contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue. The intensity of fluorescence from 247 within the tumor increases over time up to 48 h after injection presumably due to the sequestration of circulating 247/LDL complex by the tumor tissue. As the need for cholesterol, and thus LDL, is elevated in highly proliferative tumor cells over nontumorigenic cells, 247 has potential application for all such tumors.
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Bregadze VI, Semioshkin AA, Las'kova JN, Berzina MY, Lobanova IA, Sivaev IB, Grin MA, Titeev RA, Brittal DI, Ulybina OV, Chestnova AV, Ignatova AA, Feofanov AV, Mironov AF. Novel types of boronated chlorine6conjugates via ‘click chemistry’. Appl Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Bonneau S, Vever-Bizet C. Tetrapyrrole photosensitisers, determinants of subcellular localisation and mechanisms of photodynamic processes in therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.9.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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