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Azizogli AR, Pai V, Coppola F, Jafari R, Dodd-o JB, Harish R, Balasubramanian B, Kashyap J, Acevedo-Jake AM, Král P, Kumar VA. Scalable Inhibitors of the Nsp3-Nsp4 Coupling in SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5349-5360. [PMID: 36798146 PMCID: PMC9923439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The human Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pathogen claiming millions of lives and causing a global pandemic that has disrupted international healthcare systems, economies, and communities. The virus is fast mutating and presenting more infectious but less lethal versions. Currently, some small-molecule therapeutics have received FDA emergency use authorization for the treatment of COVID-19, including Lagevrio (molnupiravir) and Paxlovid (nirmaltrevir/ritonavir), which target the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the 3CLpro main protease, respectively. Proteins downstream in the viral replication process, specifically the nonstructural proteins (Nsps1-16), are potential drug targets due to their crucial functions. Of these Nsps, Nsp4 is a particularly promising drug target due to its involvement in the SARS-CoV viral replication and double-membrane vesicle formation (mediated via interaction with Nsp3). Given the degree of sequence conservation of these two Nsps across the Betacoronavirus clade, their protein-protein interactions and functions are likely to be conserved as well in SARS-CoV-2. Through AlphaFold2 and its recent advancements, protein structures were generated of Nsp3 and 4 lumenal loops of interest. Then, using a combination of molecular docking suites and an existing library of lead-like compounds, we virtually screened 7 million ligands to identify five putative ligand inhibitors of Nsp4, which could present an alternative pharmaceutical approach against SARS-CoV-2. These ligands exhibit promising lead-like properties (ideal molecular weight and log P profiles), maintain fixed-Nsp4-ligand complexes in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and tightly associate with Nsp4 via hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, alternative peptide inhibitors based on Nsp3 were designed and shown in MD simulations to provide a highly stable binding to the Nsp4 protein. Finally, these therapeutics were attached to dendrimer structures to promote their multivalent binding with Nsp4, especially its large flexible luminal loop (Nsp4LLL). The therapeutics tested in this study represent many different approaches for targeting large flexible protein structures, especially those localized to the ER. This study is the first work targeting the membrane rearrangement system of viruses and will serve as a potential avenue for treating viruses with similar replicative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rahman Azizogli
- Department
of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Varun Pai
- Department
of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Francesco Coppola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Roya Jafari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Joseph B. Dodd-o
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Rohan Harish
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Bhavani Balasubramanian
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jatin Kashyap
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Amanda M. Acevedo-Jake
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Departments
of Physics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department
of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department
of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental
Medicine, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
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Eftaiha AF, Qaroush AK, Abo-Shunnar AS, Hammad SB, Assaf KI, Al-Qaisi FM, Paige MF. Interfacial Behavior of Modified Nicotinic Acid as Conventional/Gemini Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8524-8533. [PMID: 35775397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and monolayer properties of conventional and gemini surfactants composed of nicotinic acid-based head groups with an emphasis on assessing how chemical structures affect the behavior of monolayers. A combination of Brewster angle microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that pure hexadecyl nicotinate formed rippled strands in monolayers, and the gemini correspondents with either flexible or rigid organic linkers resulted in lobed-compact domains, which provides a simple method for patterning air-water and solid-air interfaces. The structural differences between conventional and gemini nicotinic acid-based surfactants could be explained by the interplay between line tension (that favors the formation of circular domains), balanced by dipole-dipole repulsion interaction between headgroups, which promotes extended domains. Miscibility and morphology studies of the modified nicotinic acid surfactants with palmitic acid demonstrated that the properties of mixed films can be controlled by the structure of the former. Excess Gibbs free energies of mixing indicated that the mixed films were less stable than the pure monolayers, and the positive deviations from ideality were the largest in the case of gemini surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a F Eftaiha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Abdussalam K Qaroush
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmad S Abo-Shunnar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Suhad B Hammad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Khaleel I Assaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Feda'a M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Matthew F Paige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets as Potential Nanocarriers for Brain Delivery Assisted by Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071498. [PMID: 35890391 PMCID: PMC9323719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of brain diseases remains a challenge, particularly because of the difficulty for drugs to cross the blood–brain barrier. Among strategies developed to improve drug delivery, nano-sized emulsions (i.e., nanoemulsions), employed as nanocarriers, have been described. Moreover, focused ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier disruption using microbubbles is an attractive method to overcome this barrier, showing promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, nanoemulsions combined with this technology represent a real opportunity to bypass the constraints imposed by the blood–brain barrier and improve the treatment of brain diseases. In this work, a stable freeze-dried emulsion of perfluorooctyl bromide nanodroplets stabilized with home-made fluorinated surfactants able to carry hydrophobic agents is developed. This formulation is biocompatible and droplets composing the emulsion are internalized in multiple cell lines. After intravenous administration in mice, droplets are eliminated from the bloodstream in 24 h (blood half-life (t1/2) = 3.11 h) and no long-term toxicity is expected since they are completely excreted from mice’ bodies after 72 h. In addition, intracerebral accumulation of tagged droplets is safely and significantly increased after focused ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier disruption. Thus, the proposed nanoemulsion appears as a promising nanocarrier for a successful focused ultrasound-mediated brain delivery of hydrophobic agents.
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Hu Z, Lai Y, Ma C, Zuo L, Xiao G, Gao H, Xie B, Huang X, Gan H, Huang D, Yao N, Feng B, Ru J, Chen Y, Cai D. Cordyceps militaris extract induces apoptosis and pyroptosis via caspase-3/PARP/GSDME pathways in A549 cell line. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:21-38. [PMID: 35035907 PMCID: PMC8751435 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (CM) is traditionally used as dietary therapy for lung cancer patients in China. CM extract (CME) is hydrosoluble fraction of CM and extensively investigated. Caspase-3-involved cell death is considered as its major anticancer mechanism but inconclusive. Therefore, we explore its caspase-3-dependent programmed cell death nature (apoptosis and pyroptosis) and validate its caspase-3-dependent property in loss-of-function experiment. Component profile of CME is detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF). Results show that CME causes pyroptosis-featured cell bubbling and cell lysis and inhibits cell proliferation in A549 cell. CME induces chromatin condensing and makes PI+/annexin V+ staining in bubbling cells, indicating genotoxicity, apoptosis, and pyroptosis cell death are caused by CME. High concentration of CME (200 μg/ml) exerts G2/M and G0 cell cycles arresting and suppresses P53-downstream proliferative proteins, including P53, P21, CDC25B, CyclinB1, Bcl-2, and BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD), but 1-100 μg/ml of CME show less effect on proteins above. Correspondingly, caspase-3 activity and caspase-3 downstream proteins including pyroptotic effector gasdermin-E (GSDME) and apoptotic marker cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) are significantly promoted by CME. Moreover, regarding membrane pore formation in pyroptotic cell, expression of membrane GSDME (GSDME antibody conjugated with PE-Cy7 for detection in flow cytometry) is remarkably increased by CME treatment. By contrast, other pyroptosis-related proteins such as P2X7, NLRP3, GSDMD, and Caspase-1 are not affected after CME treatment. Additionally, TET2 is unexpectedly raised by CME. In present of caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO (Ac-DC), CME-induced cytotoxicity, cell bubbling, and genotoxicity are reduced, and CME-induced upregulation of apoptosis (cleaved-PARP-1) and pyroptosis (GSDME-NT) proteins are reversed. Lastly, 22 components are identified in HPLC-qTOF experiment, and they are classified into trophism, neoadjuvant component, cytotoxic component, and cancer deterioration promoter according to previous references. Conclusively, CME causes caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and pyroptosis in A549 through caspase-3/PARP and caspase-3/GSDME pathways, and it provides basic insight into clinic application of CME for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Hu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yijing Lai
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentDepartment of Science and EducationGuangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentGuangzhouChina
| | - Lina Zuo
- Health examination centerSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Guanlin Xiao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Haili Gao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Biyuan Xie
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuejun Huang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Haining Gan
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dane Huang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Nan Yao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Baoguo Feng
- GENETERRA (Chinese) Research CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - JieXia Ru
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuxing Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dake Cai
- The Fifth Clinical Medical CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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5
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Skibba M, Drelich A, Poellmann M, Hong S, Brasier AR. Nanoapproaches to Modifying Epigenetics of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition for Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:607689. [PMID: 33384604 PMCID: PMC7770469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronically progressive interstitial lung that affects over 3 M people worldwide and rising in incidence. With a median survival of 2-3 years, IPF is consequently associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Although two antifibrotic therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved for human use, these agents reduce the rate of decline of pulmonary function but are not curative and do not reverse established fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the prevailing epithelial injury hypothesis, wherein pathogenic airway epithelial cell-state changes known as Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) promotes the expansion of myofibroblast populations. Myofibroblasts are principal components of extracellular matrix production that result in airspace loss and mortality. We review the epigenetic transition driving EMT, a process produced by changes in histone acetylation regulating mesenchymal gene expression programs. This mechanistic work has focused on the central role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in mediating EMT and myofibroblast transition and initial preclinical work has provided evidence of efficacy. As nanomedicine presents a promising approach to enhancing the efficacy of such anti-IPF agents, we then focus on the state of nanomedicine formulations for inhalable delivery in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), inorganic NPs, and exosomes. These nanoscale agents potentially provide unique properties to existing pulmonary therapeutics, including controlled release, reduced systemic toxicity, and combination delivery. NP-based approaches for pulmonary delivery thus offer substantial promise to modify epigenetic regulators of EMT and advance treatments for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Skibba
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adam Drelich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Poellmann
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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6
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Zhang W, Liu CP, Chen SQ, Liu MJ, Zhang L, Lin SY, Shu G, Yuan ZX, Lin JC, Peng GN, Zhong ZJ, Yin LZ, Zhao L, Fu HL. Poloxamer modified florfenicol instant microparticles for improved oral bioavailability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111078. [PMID: 32422561 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants can improve the hydrophobicity of poorly water-soluble drugs and increase the stability of microparticles by reducing surface tension. This study describes that surfactant-engineered florfenicol instant microparticles (FIMs) increase bioavailability through a micellar solubilization mechanism. The FIMs were prepared by a modified emulsification method, and the optimal prescription was obtained by a combination of single factor investigation and response surface methodology. The microparticles prepared in this study reduce the polymer materials while increasing the drug content. FIM has a smaller particle size and modification of poloxamer, resulting in better solubility and higher bioavailability. The in vitro solubility of FIM is 1.43 times higher than that of the bulk drug, and the dissolution equilibrium can be achieved in 10 minutes. Compared with florfenicol, FIM showed a decrease in Tmax in the plasma concentration curve, with a peak concentration of 1.43 times and an area of 1.41 times. Considering the advantages of in vitro/in vivo performance and ease of preparation, FIMs may have great application prospects in pharmacy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chun-Ping Liu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shi-Qi Chen
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Liu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shi-Yu Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ju-Chun Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guang-Neng Peng
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhong
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Li-Zi Yin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua-Lin Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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7
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Tsagogiorgas C, Jung T, Krebs J, Theisinger B, Beck G, Yard BA, Quintel M. Aerosolized semifluorinated alkanes as excipients are suitable for inhalative drug delivery--a pilot study. Int J Pharm 2011; 422:194-201. [PMID: 22079720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) have been described as potential excipients for pulmonary drug delivery, but proof of their efficacy is still lacking. We tested whether SFA formulations with the test drug ibuprofen can be nebulised and evaluated their pharmacokinetics. Physico-chemical properties of five different ibuprofen formulations were evaluated: an aqueous solution (H2O), two different SFAs (perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8), perfluorobutylpentane (F4H5)) with and without ethanol (SFA/EtOH). Nebulisation was performed with a jet catheter system. Inhalative characteristics were evaluated by laser diffraction. A confirmative animal study with an inhalative single-dose (6 mg/kg) of ibuprofen with each formulation was performed in anaesthetised healthy rabbits. Plasma samples at defined time points and lung tissue harvested after the 6-h study period were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetics were calculated using a non-compartment model. All formulations were nebulisable. No differences in aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) were detected between SFA and SFA/EtOH. The ibuprofen plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was highest with F4H5/EtOH. In contrast, F6H8/EtOH had the highest deposition of ibuprofen into lung tissue but the lowest AUC. All tested SFA and SFA/EtOH formulations are suitable for inhalation. F4H5/EtOH formulations might be used for rapid systemic availability of drugs. F6H8/EtOH showed intrapulmonary deposition of the test drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tsagogiorgas
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany.
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8
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Dembinski R, Bensberg R, Marx G, Rossaint R, Quintel M, Vohmann C, Kuhlen R. Semi-fluorinated alkanes as carriers for drug targeting in acute respiratory failure. Exp Lung Res 2011; 36:499-507. [PMID: 20939753 DOI: 10.3109/01902141003721457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perfluorocarbons may cause pulmonary recruitment in acute lung injury (ALI). Semi-fluorinated alkanes (SFAs) provide biochemical properties similar to perfluorocarbons. Additionally, SFAs are characterized by increased lipophilicity. Therefore, SFA-PLV may be considered for deposition of certain therapeutic drugs into atelectatic lung areas. In this experimental study SFA-PLV was evaluated to demonstrate feasibility, pulmonary recruitment, and efficacy of drug deposition. Feasibility of SFA-PLV was determined in pigs with and without experimental ALI. Animals were randomized to PLV with SFAs up to a cumulative amount of 30 mL x kg⁻¹ or to conventional mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary recruitment effects were determined by analyzing ventilation-perfusion distributions. Efficacy of intrapulmonary drug deposition was evaluated in further experiments by measuring drug serum concentrations in the course of PLV with SFA-dissolved α-tocopherol and ibuprofen. Increasing SFA doses caused progressive reduction of intrapulmonary shunt in animals with ALI, indicating pulmonary recruitment. PLV with SFA-dissolved α-tocopherol had no effect on serum levels of α-tocopherol, whereas PLV with SFA-dissolved ibuprofen caused a rapid increase of serum levels of ibuprofen. The authors conclude that SFA-PLV is feasible and causes pulmonary recruitment in ALI. Effectiveness of drug deposition in the lung obviously depends on the partitioning drugs out of the SFA phase into blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Dembinski
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Ojogun V, Knutson BL, Vyas S, Lehmler HJ. Fluorophilicity of Alkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl 1 Nicotinic Acid Ester Prodrugs. J Fluor Chem 2010; 131:784-790. [PMID: 20567608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fluorophilicity of a series of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon-functionalized nicotinic acid esters (nicotinates) is measured from their partitioning behavior (log K(P)) in the biphasic solvent system of perfluoro(methylcyclohexane) (PFMC) and toluene. The chain length of the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon alkyl group of the ester ranges from one to twelve carbon atoms. Knowledge of the fluorophilicity of these solutes is relevant to the design of these prodrugs for fluorocarbon-based drug delivery. The experimental log K(p) values range from -1.72 to -3.40 for the hydrocarbon nicotinates and -1.64 to 0.13 for the fluorinated nicotinates, where only the prodrug with the longest fluorinated chain (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctyl nicotinic acid ester) partitions preferentially into the fluorinated phase (log K(p) = 0.13). Predictions of the partition coefficients using solubility parameters calculated from group contribution techniques or molecular dynamics simulation are in reasonable agreement for the perhydrocarbon nicotinates and short chained perfluorinated nicotinates (≈ 0.3%-39% deviation). Significant deviations from experimental partition coefficients (greater than 100%) are observed for the longest chain perfluoroalkyl nicotinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ojogun
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department 177 Anderson Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046
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10
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Water-Soluble Fluorinated Dendritic Block-Copolymer Nanoparticles as a 19F-MRI Contrast Agent. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Ojogun V, Vyas SM, Lehmler HJ, Knutson BL. Partitioning of homologous nicotinic acid ester prodrugs (nicotinates) into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membrane bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:75-84. [PMID: 20227859 PMCID: PMC2873030 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning behavior of a series of perhydrocarbon nicotinic acid esters (nicotinates) between aqueous solution and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membrane bilayers is investigated as a function of increasing alkyl chain length. The hydrocarbon nicotinates represent putative prodrugs, derivatives of the polar drug nicotinic acid, whose functionalization provides the hydrophobic character necessary for pulmonary delivery in a hydrophobic, fluorocarbon solvent, such as perfluorooctyl bromide. Independent techniques of differential scanning calorimetry and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence anisotropy measurements are used to analyze the thermotropic phase behavior and lipid bilayer fluidity as a function of nicotinate concentration. At increasing concentrations of nicotinates over the DPPC mole fraction range examined (X(DPPC)=0.6-1.0), all the nicotinates (ethyl (C2H5); butyl (C4H9); hexyl (C6H13); and octyl (C8H17)) partition into the lipid bilayer at sufficient levels to eliminate the pretransition, and decrease and broaden the gel to fluid phase transition temperature. The concentration at which these effects occur is chain length-dependent; the shortest chain nicotinate, C2H5, elicits the least dramatic response. Similarly, the DPH anisotropy results demonstrate an alteration of the bilayer organization in the liposomes as a consequence of the chain length-dependent partitioning of the nicotinates into DPPC bilayers. The membrane partition coefficients (logarithm values), determined from the depressed bilayer phase transition temperatures, increase from 2.18 for C2H5 to 5.25 for C8H17. The DPPC membrane/water partitioning of the perhydrocarbon nicotinate series correlates with trends in the octanol/water partitioning of these solutes, suggesting that their incorporation into the bilayer is driven by increasing hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ojogun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering 177 Anderson Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046
| | - Sandhya M. Vyas
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, 100 Oakdale Campus, #124 IREH, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, 100 Oakdale Campus, #124 IREH, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000
| | - Barbara L Knutson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering 177 Anderson Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046
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Ogawa M, Nitahara S, Aoki H, Ito S, Narazaki M, Matsuda T. Fluorinated Polymer Nanoparticles as a Novel 19F MRI Contrast Agent Prepared by Dendrimer-Initiated Living Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Titanium-catalyzed esterification and transesterification reactions facilitated using microwave heating. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:225-30. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esters can be biologically active against a range of potential targets. In addition, esterification has been used successfully to facilitate the penetration of polar compounds into cells, where the ester group can then be removed by nonspecific cellular esterases unmasking drug molecules. While direct esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols using acid catalysts can prove effective in many cases, there are instances when substrates are acid sensitive or where the use of strong acids leads to side reactions and product decomposition. To overcome this, other methods are needed for the preparation of esters in the laboratory. Results: A methodology for titanium-catalyzed esterification and transesterification using microwave heating as a tool is presented. The reactions are complete within 1 h of heating at 160°C. The substrate scope of the methodology has been investigated. It is possible to use aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic acids in the esterification protocol. Acid-sensitive alcohols, including furfuryl alcohol, are also suitable substrates. For transesterification, the reaction is again amenable to microwave heating. Conclusion: A range of esters can be prepared using a methodology based around the application of microwave heating and the use of a titanium catalyst.
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Model and cell membrane partitioning of perfluorooctanesulfonate is independent of the lipid chain length. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 76:128-36. [PMID: 19932010 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent environmental pollutant that may cause adverse health effects in humans and animals by interacting with and disturbing of the normal properties of biological lipid assemblies. To gain further insights into these interactions, we investigated the effect of PFOS potassium salt on dimyristoyl- (DMPC), dipalmitoyl- (DPPC) and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) model membranes using fluorescence anisotropy measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and on the cell membrane of HL-60 human leukemia cells and freshly isolated rat alveolar macrophages using fluorescence anisotropy measurements. PFOS produced a concentration-dependent decrease of the main phase transition temperature (T(m)) and an increased peak width (DeltaT(w)) in both the fluorescence anisotropy and the DSC experiments, with a rank order DMPC>DPPC>DSPC. PFOS caused a fluidization of the gel phase of all phosphatidylcholines investigated, but had the opposite effect on the liquid-crystalline phase. The apparent partition coefficients of PFOS between the phosphatidylcholine bilayer and the bulk aqueous phase were largely independent of the phosphatidylcholine chain length and ranged from 4.4x10(4) to 8.8x10(4). PFOS also significantly increased the fluidity of membranes of cells. These findings suggest that PFOS readily partitions into lipid assemblies, independent of their composition, and may cause adverse biological effects by altering their fluidity in a manner that depends on the membrane cooperativity and state (e.g., gel versus liquid-crystalline phase) of the lipid assembly.
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Riess JG. Highly fluorinated amphiphilic molecules and self-assemblies with biomedical potential. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Bailey MM, Berkland CJ. Nanoparticle formulations in pulmonary drug delivery. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:196-212. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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