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Pérez-Moreno AM, Aranda CJ, Torres MJ, Mayorga C, Paris JL. Immunomodulatory potential of rapamycin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles: pore size-dependent drug loading, release, and in vitro cellular responses. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01575-0. [PMID: 38561566 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressive drug that has been recently proposed for a wide range of applications beyond its current clinical use. For some of these proposed applications, encapsulation in nanoparticles is key to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety. In this work, we evaluate the effect of pore size on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as rapamycin nanocarriers. The successful preparation of MSN with 4 different pore sizes was confirmed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. In these materials, rapamycin loading was pore size-dependent, with smaller pore MSN exhibiting greater loading capacity. Release studies showed sustained drug release from all MSN types, with larger pore MSN presenting faster release kinetics. In vitro experiments using the murine dendritic cell (DC) line model DC2.4 showed that pore size influenced the biological performance of MSN. MSN with smaller pore sizes presented larger nanoparticle uptake by DC2.4 cells, but were also associated with slightly larger cytotoxicity. Further evaluation of DC2.4 cells incubated with rapamycin-loaded MSN also demonstrated a significant effect of MSN pore size on their immunological response. Notably, the combination of rapamycin-loaded MSN with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) led to changes in the expression of DC activation markers (CD40 and CD83) and in the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α compared to LPS-treated DC without nanoparticles. Smaller-pored MSN induced more substantial reductions in CD40 expression while eliciting increased CD83 expression, indicating potential immunomodulatory effects. These findings highlight the critical role of MSN pore size in modulating rapamycin loading, release kinetics, cellular uptake, and subsequent immunomodulatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pérez-Moreno
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain.
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan L Paris
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain.
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Dextran Formulations as Effective Delivery Systems of Therapeutic Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031086. [PMID: 36770753 PMCID: PMC9920038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran is by far one of the most interesting non-toxic, bio-compatible macromolecules, an exopolysaccharide biosynthesized by lactic acid bacteria. It has been extensively used as a major component in many types of drug-delivery systems (DDS), which can be submitted to the next in-vivo testing stages, and may be proposed for clinical trials or pharmaceutical use approval. An important aspect to consider in order to maintain high DDS' biocompatibility is the use of dextran obtained by fermentation processes and with a minimum chemical modification degree. By performing chemical modifications, artefacts can appear in the dextran spatial structure that can lead to decreased biocompatibility or even cytotoxicity. The present review aims to systematize DDS depending on the dextran type used and the biologically active compounds transported, in order to obtain desired therapeutic effects. So far, pure dextran and modified dextran such as acetalated, oxidised, carboxymethyl, diethylaminoethyl-dextran and dextran sulphate sodium, were used to develop several DDSs: microspheres, microparticles, nanoparticles, nanodroplets, liposomes, micelles and nanomicelles, hydrogels, films, nanowires, bio-conjugates, medical adhesives and others. The DDS are critically presented by structures, biocompatibility, drugs loaded and therapeutic points of view in order to highlight future therapeutic perspectives.
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Brannon ER, Guevara MV, Pacifici NJ, Lee JK, Lewis JS, Eniola-Adefeso O. Polymeric particle-based therapies for acute inflammatory diseases. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:796-813. [PMID: 35874960 PMCID: PMC9295115 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is essential for initiating and coordinating the body's response to injuries and infections. However, in acute inflammatory diseases, inflammation is not resolved but propagates further, which can ultimately lead to tissue damage such as in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and deep vein thrombosis. Currently, clinical protocols are limited to systemic steroidal treatments, fluids and antibiotics that focus on eradicating inflammation rather than modulating it. Strategies based on stem cell therapeutics and selective blocking of inflammatory molecules, despite showing great promise, still lack the scalability and specificity required to treat acute inflammation. By contrast, polymeric particle systems benefit from uniform manufacturing at large scales while preserving biocompatibility and versatility, thus providing an ideal platform for immune modulation. Here, we outline design aspects of polymeric particles including material, size, shape, deformability and surface modifications, providing a strategy for optimizing the targeting of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Brannon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - Noah J. Pacifici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Jonathan K. Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jamal S. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA USA
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Wang S, Fontana F, Shahbazi MA, Santos HA. Acetalated dextran based nano- and microparticles: synthesis, fabrication, and therapeutic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4212-4229. [PMID: 33913978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is a pH-responsive dextran derivative polymer. Prepared by a simple acetalation reaction, Ac-DEX has tunable acid-triggered release profile. Despite its relatively short research history, Ac-DEX has shown great potential in various therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the recent functionalization of Ac-DEX makes versatile derivatives with additional properties. Herein, we summarize the cutting-edge development of Ac-DEX and related polymers. Specifically, we focus on the chemical synthesis, nano- and micro-particle fabrication techniques, the controlled-release mechanisms, and the rational design Ac-DEX-based of drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran and Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Braga CB, Kido LA, Lima EN, Lamas CA, Cagnon VHA, Ornelas C, Pilli RA. Enhancing the Anticancer Activity and Selectivity of Goniothalamin Using pH-Sensitive Acetalated Dextran (Ac-Dex) Nanoparticles: A Promising Platform for Delivery of Natural Compounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2929-2942. [PMID: 33463303 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN), a natural compound isolated from Goniothalamus species, has previously demonstrated cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. However, similarly to many natural and synthetic anticancer compounds, GTN presents toxicity toward some healthy cells and low aqueous solubility, decreasing its bioavailability and precluding its application as an antineoplastic drug. In our efforts to improve the pharmacokinetic behavior and selectivity of GTN against cancer cells, we developed a polymeric nanosystem, in which rac-GTN was encapsulated in pH-responsive acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) nanoparticles (NPs) with high loadings of the bioactive compound. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the nanoparticles obtained presented a narrow size distribution of around 100 nm in diameter, whereas electron microscopy (EM) images showed nanoparticles with a regular spherical morphology in agreement with the size range obtained by DLS. Stability and release studies indicated that the GTN@Ac-Dex NPs presented high stability under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) and disassembled under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.5), releasing the rac-GTN in a sustained manner. In vitro assays showed that GTN@Ac-Dex NPs significantly increased cytotoxicity and selectivity against cancer cells when compared with the empty Ac-Dex NPs and the free rac-GNT. Cellular uptake and morphology studies using MCF-7 cells demonstrated that GTN@Ac-Dex NPs are rapidly internalized into the cancer cells, causing cell death. In vivo investigation confirmed the efficient release of rac-GTN from GTN@Ac-Dex NPs, resulting in the delay of prostate cancer progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Furthermore, liver histopathology evaluation after treatment with GTN@Ac-Dex NPs showed no evidence of toxicity. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the Ac-Dex NPs are a promising nanosystem for the sustained delivery of rac-GTN into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne B Braga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen N Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina A Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria H A Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, CEP 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bai J, Zhang Y, Fan Q, Xu J, Shan H, Gao X, Ma Q, Sheng L, Zheng X, Cheng W, Li D, Zhang M, Hao Y, Feng L, Chen Q, Zhou X, Wang C. Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Scaffold with Rapamycin for Treatment of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901186. [PMID: 31820852 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory microenvironment is characterized by the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, it is hypothesized that developing an ROS-scavenging scaffold loaded with rapamycin (Rapa@Gel) may offer a new strategy for modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment to improve intervertebral disk tissue regeneration. The therapeutic scaffold consisting of ROS-degradable hydrogel can be injected into the injured degeneration site of intervertebral disk (IVD) and can release therapeutics in a programmed manner. The ROS scavenged by scaffold reduces the inflammatory responses. It is found that when rats are treated with Rapa@Gel, this results in an increase in the percentage of M2-like macrophages and a decrease in M1-like macrophages in the inflammatory environment, respectively. Regeneration of IVD is achieved by Rapa@Gel local treatment, due to the increased M2 macrophages and reduced inflammation. This strategy may be extended to the treatment of many other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Bai
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Qin Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Huajian Shan
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Weinan Cheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Dazhuang Li
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Yu Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Liangzhu Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Torrieri G, Fontana F, Figueiredo P, Liu Z, Ferreira MPA, Talman V, Martins JP, Fusciello M, Moslova K, Teesalu T, Cerullo V, Hirvonen J, Ruskoaho H, Balasubramanian V, Santos HA. Dual-peptide functionalized acetalated dextran-based nanoparticles for sequential targeting of macrophages during myocardial infarction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2350-2358. [PMID: 31930241 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The advent of nanomedicine has recently started to innovate the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, in particular myocardial infarction. Although current approaches are very promising, there is still an urgent need for advanced targeting strategies. In this work, the exploitation of macrophage recruitment is proposed as a novel and synergistic approach to improve the addressability of the infarcted myocardium achieved by current peptide-based heart targeting strategies. For this purpose, an acetalated dextran-based nanosystem is designed and successfully functionalized with two different peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and linTT1, which target, respectively, cardiac cells and macrophages associated with atherosclerotic plaques. The biocompatibility of the nanocarrier is screened on both macrophage cell lines and primary macrophages, showing high safety, in particular after functionalization of the nanoparticles' surface. Furthermore, the system shows higher association versus uptake ratio towards M2-like macrophages (approximately 2-fold and 6-fold increase in murine and human primary M2-like macrophages, respectively, compared to M1-like). Overall, the results demonstrate that the nanosystem has potential to exploit the "hitchhike" effect on M2-like macrophages and potentially improve, in a dual targeting strategy, the ability of the ANP peptide to target infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Torrieri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mónica P A Ferreira
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00140, Helsinki, Finland and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - João P Martins
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Manlio Fusciello
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00140, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karina Moslova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia and Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00140, Helsinki, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00140, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vimalkumar Balasubramanian
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Shah NK, Wang Z, Gupta SK, Le Campion A, Meenach SA. Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:1133-1143. [PMID: 31327289 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1641727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To design and characterize aerosol microparticles (MP) to provide sustained release of the water-soluble compound sulforhodamine B (SRB) and achieve effective aerosol dispersion. Significance: Modulating the release of water-soluble compounds remains a challenge in pulmonary drug delivery. Methods: SRB and water made up an aqueous solution, while acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) and isopropyl alcohol made up an organic solution. The two solutions were mixed together, and the solution was spray dried to produce MP. MP were characterized for morphology, size, release kinetics, aerosol dispersion, and cellular interactions. Results: Ac-Dex MP exhibited corrugated morphology and aerodynamic diameters from 2.06 to 2.86 μm. MP deposited in all stages of a Next Generation Impactor, with >90% fine particle fraction. MP exhibited encapsulation efficiencies >129% with SRB loading values up to 16.7 μg SRB/mg MP. MP exhibited sustained release of SRB at pH 7 and fast release at pH 5. In vitro experiments showed minimal cytotoxicity, successful uptake of MP in epithelial cells, and no disruption to the integrity of epithelial monolayers. Conclusions: Ac-Dex MP systems demonstrated the ability to provide sustained the release of a water-soluble therapeutic in addition to effective aerosol dispersion for pulmonary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan K Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Zimeng Wang
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Sweta K Gupta
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Andrew Le Campion
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA.,College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
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Shah NK, Gupta SK, Wang Z, Meenach SA. Enhancement of macrophage uptake via phosphatidylserine-coated acetalated dextran nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Braga CB, Perli G, Becher TB, Ornelas C. Biodegradable and pH-Responsive Acetalated Dextran (Ac-Dex) Nanoparticles for NIR Imaging and Controlled Delivery of a Platinum-Based Prodrug into Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2083-2094. [PMID: 30901218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) based on the biodegradable acetalated dextran polymer (Ac-Dex) were used for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and controlled delivery of a PtIV prodrug into cancer cells. The Ac-Dex NPs loaded with the hydrophobic PtIV prodrug 3 (PtIV/Ac-Dex NPs) and with the novel hydrophobic NIR-fluorescent dye 9 (NIR-dye 9/Ac-Dex NPs), as well as Ac-Dex NPs coloaded with both compounds (coloaded Ac-Dex NPs), were assembled using a single oil-in-water nanoemulsion method. Dynamic light scattering measurements and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the resulting Ac-Dex NPs are spherical with an average diameter of 100 nm, which is suitable for accumulation in tumors via the enhanced permeation and retention effect. The new nanosystems exhibited high drug-loading capability, high encapsulation efficiency, high stability in physiological conditions, and pH responsiveness. Drug-release studies clearly showed that the PtIV prodrug 3 release from Ac-Dex NPs was negligible at pH 7.4, whereas at pH 5.5, this compound was completely released with a controlled rate. Confocal laser scanning microscopy unambiguously showed that the NIR-dye 9/Ac-Dex NPs were efficiently taken up by MCF-7 cells, and cytotoxicity assays against several cell lines showed no significant toxicity of blank Ac-Dex NPs up to 1 mg mL-1. The IC50 values obtained for the PtIV prodrug encapsulated in Ac-Dex NPs were much lower when compared with the IC50 values obtained for the free PtIV complex and cisplatin in all cell lines tested. Overall, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Ac-Dex NPs constitute a promising drug delivery platform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne B Braga
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Gabriel Perli
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Tiago B Becher
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas-UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
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11
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Chen N, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes with Acetalated Dextran Microparticles Containing Rapamycin and Pancreatic Peptide P31. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800341. [PMID: 30051618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease with no cure. T1D subjects are dependent on daily exogenous insulin administration, due to the loss of functional insulin-producing β cells. Needed are immunotherapies that prevent and/or treat T1D. One approach of immunotherapy is to administer an autoantigen to selectively tolerize diabetogenic effector T cells without global immunosuppression. To date, however, strategies of antigen-specific immunotherapy are largely ineffective in the clinic. Using an antigen-specific approach, a biodegradable polymeric delivery vehicle, acetalated dextran microparticles (Ace-DEX MPs), is applied and T1D development is prevented through coadministration of the immunosuppressant rapamycin and the diabetogenic peptide P31 (Rapa/P31/MPs), via alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity. Ex vivo, adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and an increased ratio of FoxP3+ to IFNγ+ T cells. In vitro analysis indicates dendritic cells exhibit a less mature phenotype following coculture with Rapa/P31/MPs, which results in reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production (IFNγ and IL-2), but promotes PD-1 expression. Together these results demonstrate Ace-DEX MP-based antigen-specific therapy effectively tolerizes diabetogenic CD4+ T cells to prevent T1D, thereby demonstrating one of the first successful attempts of T1D prevention using a single-formulation particulate delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Charles J. Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Roland M. Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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12
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Shaki H, Ganji F, Kempen PJ, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Vasheghani-Farahani E. Self-assembled amphiphilic-dextran nanomicelles for delivery of rapamycin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Wang Z, Meenach SA. Optimization of Acetalated Dextran–Based Nanocomposite Microparticles for Deep Lung Delivery of Therapeutics via Spray-Drying. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3539-3547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Fan YL, Hou HW, Tay HM, Guo WM, Berggren PO, Loo SCJ. Preservation of Anticancer and Immunosuppressive Properties of Rapamycin Achieved Through Controlled Releasing Particles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2648-2657. [PMID: 28251512 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is commonly used in chemotherapy and posttransplantation rejection suppression, where sustained release is preferred. Conventionally, rapamycin has to be administered in excess due to its poor solubility, and this often leads to cytotoxicity and undesirable side effects. In addition, rapamycin has been shown to be hydrolytically unstable, losing its bioactivity within a few hours. The use of drug delivery systems is hypothesized to preserve the bioactivity of rapamycin, while providing controlled release of this otherwise potent drug. This paper reports on the use of microparticles (MP) as a means to tune and sustain the delivery of bioactive rapamycin for up to 30 days. Rapamycin was encapsulated (100% efficiency) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), or a mixture of both via an emulsion method. The use of different polymer types and mixture was shown to achieve a variety of release kinetics and profile. Released rapamycin was subsequently evaluated against breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and human lymphocyte cell (Jurkat). Inhibition of cell proliferation was in good agreement with in vitro release profiles, which confirmed the intact bioactivity of rapamycin. For Jurkat cells, the suppression of cell growth was proven to be effective up to 20 days, a duration significantly longer than free rapamycin. Taken together, these results demonstrate the ability to tune, sustain, and preserve the bioactivity of rapamycin using MP formulations. The sustained delivery of rapamycin could lead to better therapeutic effects than bolus dosage, at the same time improving patient compliance due to its long-acting duration.
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15
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Wang H, Zhang G, Ma X, Liu Y, Feng J, Park K, Wang W. Enhanced encapsulation and bioavailability of breviscapine in PLGA microparticles by nanocrystal and water-soluble polymer template techniques. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Wang Z, Gupta SK, Meenach SA. Development and physicochemical characterization of acetalated dextran aerosol particle systems for deep lung delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:264-274. [PMID: 28450166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible, biodegradable polymers are commonly used as excipients to improve the drug delivery properties of aerosol formulations, in which acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) exhibits promising potential as a polymer in various therapeutic applications. Despite this promise, there is no comprehensive study on the use of Ac-Dex as an excipient for dry powder aerosol formulations. In this study, we developed and characterized pulmonary drug delivery aerosol microparticle systems based on spray-dried Ac-Dex with capabilities of (1) delivering therapeutics to the deep lung, (2) targeting the particles to a desired location within the lungs, and (3) releasing the therapeutics in a controlled fashion. Two types of Ac-Dex, with either rapid or slow degradation rates, were synthesized. Nanocomposite microparticle (nCmP) and microparticle (MP) systems were successfully formulated using both kinds of Ac-Dex as excipients and curcumin as a model drug. The resulting MP were collapsed spheres approximately 1μm in diameter, while the nCmP were similar in size with wrinkled surfaces, and these systems dissociated into 200nm nanoparticles upon reconstitution in water. The drug release rates of the Ac-Dex particles were tuned by modifying the particle size and ratio of fast to slow degrading Ac-Dex. The pH of the environment was also a significant factor that influenced the drug release rate. All nCmP and MP systems exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameters that are suitable for deep lung delivery (e.g. below 5μm). Overall, the engineered Ac-Dex aerosol particle systems have the potential to provide targeted and effective delivery of therapeutics into the deep lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Wang
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Sweta K Gupta
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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17
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Chen N, Peine KJ, Collier MA, Gautam S, Jablonski KA, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Ainslie KM, Bachelder EM. Co-Delivery of Disease Associated Peptide and Rapamycin via Acetalated Dextran Microparticles for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kevin J. Peine
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Michael A. Collier
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Division of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kyle A. Jablonski
- Medical Laboratory Science Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Medical Laboratory Science Division; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics; Eshelman School of Pharmacy; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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18
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Dueramae I, Yoneyama M, Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S, Kita R. Self-assembly of acetylated dextran with various acetylation degrees in aqueous solutions: Studied by light scattering. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 159:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Gallovic MD, Montjoy DG, Collier MA, Do C, Wyslouzil BE, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Chemically modified inulin microparticles serving dual function as a protein antigen delivery vehicle and immunostimulatory adjuvant. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:483-93. [PMID: 26753184 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop a new subunit vaccine adjuvant, we chemically modified a naturally-occurring, immunostimulatory inulin polysaccharide to produce an acid-sensitive biopolymer (acetalated inulin, Ace-IN). Various hydrophobic Ace-IN polymers were formed into microparticles (MPs) by oil-in-water emulsions followed by solvent evaporation These Ace-IN MPs possessed tunable degradation characteristics that, unlike polyesters used in FDA-approved microparticulate formulations, had only pH-neutral hydrolytic byproducts. Macrophages were passively targeted with cytocompatible Ace-IN MPs. TNF-α production by macrophages treated with Ace-IN MPs could be altered by adjusting the polymers' chemistry. Mice immunized with Ace-IN MPs encapsulating a model ovalbumin (OVA) antigen showed higher production of anti-OVA IgG antibody levels relative to soluble antigen. The antibody titers were also comparable to an alum-based formulation. This proof-of-concept establishes the potential for chemically-modified inulin MPs to simultaneously enable dual functionality as a stimuli-controlled antigen delivery vehicle and immunostimulatory adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Gallovic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Montjoy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Clement Do
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Barbara E Wyslouzil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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20
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Bachelder EM, Pino EN, Ainslie KM. Acetalated Dextran: A Tunable and Acid-Labile Biopolymer with Facile Synthesis and a Range of Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:1915-1926. [PMID: 28032507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is a tunable acid-labile biopolymer with facile synthesis, aptly designed for the formulation of microparticles for vaccines and immune modulation. Tunability of degradation is achieved based on the kinetics of reaction and the molecular weight of the parent dextran polymer. This tunability translated to differential rates of activation of CD8+ T cells in an in vitro ovalbumin model and illustrated that acid-labile polymer can activate CD8+ T cells at an increased rate compared to acid-insensitive polymers. In addition, Ac-DEX has been used to encapsulate small molecules, deliver nucleotides, transport inorganic molecules, formulate immune modulating therapies and vaccines, and trigger pH responsive constructs for therapy. Here we highlight the properties and results of Ac-DEX nano-/microparticles as well as the use of the polymer in other constructs and chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erica N Pino
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Wang B, Li H, Yao Q, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Xia T, Wang J, Li G, Li X, Ni S. Local in vitro delivery of rapamycin from electrospun PEO/PDLLA nanofibers for glioblastoma treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1345-1352. [PMID: 27580454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and anti-proliferative agent, is used to treat glioma and other malignancies, but its effectiveness is limited by the fact that it cannot be delivered in a targeted manner to the site of the tumor. To address this issue, we fabricated a mesh via electrospinning using two biodegradable materials, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a carrier for rapamycin delivery to the tumor. Nanofiber diameter decreased with increasing PLA concentration in the mixed solution. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the smooth and uniform surface morphology of hybrid fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that rapamycin was encapsulated in the polymer solution; encapsulation efficiency was high and stable over the range of drug concentrations from 0.5-2wt%. A correlation was observed between sustained release of the drug in vitro and cytotoxicity in cultured glioma cells. These results indicate that the PEO/poly(d,l-lactic acid) nanofiber mesh can be used as a targeted delivery system for rapamycin that can limit side effects and prevent locoregional recurrence following surgical resection of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benlin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qingyu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Tongliang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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22
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Wang Z, Cuddigan JL, Gupta SK, Meenach SA. Nanocomposite microparticles (nCmP) for the delivery of tacrolimus in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:305-313. [PMID: 27568494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) has exhibited promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, its application is prevented by its poor solubility, instability, poor bioavailability, and negative systemic side effects. To overcome the obstacles of using TAC for the treatment of PAH, we developed nanocomposite microparticles (nCmP) for the pulmonary delivery of tacrolimus in the form of dry powder aerosols. These particles can provide targeted pulmonary delivery, improved solubility of tacrolimus, the potential of penetration through mucus barrier, and controlled drug release. In this system, tacrolimus-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NP) were prepared via emulsion solvent evaporation and nCmP were prepared by spray drying these NP with mannitol. The NP were approximately 200nm in diameter with narrow size distribution both before loading into and after redispersion from nCmP. The NP exhibited smooth, spherical morphology and the nCmP were raisin-like spheres. High encapsulation efficacy was achieved both in the encapsulation of tacrolimus in NP and that of NP in nCmP. nCmP exhibited desirable aerosol dispersion properties, allowing them to deposit into the deep lung regions for effective drug delivery. A549 cells were used as in vitro models to demonstrate the non-cytotoxicity of TAC nCmP. Overall, the designed nCmP have the potential to aid in the delivery of tacrolimus for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Wang
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Julie L Cuddigan
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Sweta K Gupta
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- University of Rhode Island, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA; University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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23
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Chen N, Collier MA, Gallovic MD, Collins GC, Sanchez CC, Fernandes EQ, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Degradation of acetalated dextran can be broadly tuned based on cyclic acetal coverage and molecular weight. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:147-157. [PMID: 27543351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) derived from acid-sensitive biopolymers enable rapid degradation and cargo release under acidic conditions, such as at tumor microenvironments, within lysosomal/phagosomal compartments inside phagocytic cells, or at sites of inflammation. One such acid-sensitive biopolymer, acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX), has tunable degradation rates and pH-neutral degradation byproducts consisting of dextran, acetone, and ethanol. By studying the degradation profiles of Ace-DEX MPs with varying cyclic acetal coverage (CAC) and dextran molecular weight (MW), we concluded that MPs composed of low CAC or high MW polymer degraded the fastest at both pH 7.4 and 5.0. To further understand the properties of this unique polymer, we encapsulated a model drug resiquimod, which is a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, into Ace-DEX MPs of different polymer CAC and dextran MW. It was observed that resiquimod was released faster from MPs of lower CAC or higher MW. By evaluating the activation of RAW macrophages cultured with different types of resiquimod-loaded Ace-DEX MPs, we found that MPs of lower CAC or higher MW promoted greater nitrite production and resulted in more robust cell activation. Our results indicate we can precisely control the degradation profile, release kinetics, and bioactivity of encapsulated cargos by altering CAC and MW, furthering Ace-DEX MPs' novelty as a drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D Gallovic
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Graham C Collins
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carla C Sanchez
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Q Fernandes
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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24
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Wang Z, Meenach SA. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite Microparticles (nCmP) for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Infections. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1862-72. [PMID: 27091030 PMCID: PMC4945441 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary antibiotic delivery is recommended as maintenance therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who experience chronic infections. However, abnormally thick and sticky mucus present in the respiratory tract of CF patients impairs mucus penetration and limits the efficacy of inhaled antibiotics. To overcome the obstacles of pulmonary antibiotic delivery, we have developed nanocomposite microparticles (nCmP) for the inhalation application of antibiotics in the form of dry powder aerosols. METHODS Azithromycin-loaded and rapamycin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NP) were prepared via nanoprecipitation and nCmP were prepared by spray drying and the physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS The nanoparticles were 200 nm in diameter both before loading into and after redispersion from nCmP. The NP exhibited smooth, spherical morphology and the nCmP were corrugated spheres about 1 μm in diameter. Both drugs were successfully encapsulated into the NP and were released in a sustained manner. The NP were successfully loaded into nCmP with favorable encapsulation efficacy. All materials were stable at manufacturing and storage conditions and nCmP were in an amorphous state after spray drying. nCmP demonstrated desirable aerosol dispersion characteristics, allowing them to deposit into the deep lung regions for effective drug delivery. CONCLUSIONS The described nCmP have the potential to overcome mucus-limited pulmonary delivery of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 202 Crawford Hall, 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 202 Crawford Hall, 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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25
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Northrup L, Christopher MA, Sullivan BP, Berkland C. Combining antigen and immunomodulators: Emerging trends in antigen-specific immunotherapy for autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:86-98. [PMID: 26546466 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A majority of current therapies for autoimmune diseases are general immunosuppressants, which can compromise patient response to opportunistic infection and lead to adverse events. Using antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) to selectively disarm autoimmune diseases, without suppressing the global immune response, would be a transformative therapy for patients. ASIT has been used historically in allergy hyposensitization therapy to induce tolerance to an allergen. Similar strategies to induce immune tolerance toward autoantigens responsible for autoimmune disease have been attempted but have yielded limited clinical success. Recent studies of ASIT for autoimmunity have explored combination therapy, combining the disease-causing autoantigen with an immunomodulatory compound. ASIT combination therapy may direct the immune response in an antigen-specific manner, potentially reversing the root cause of autoimmunity while limiting side effects. This review analyzes recent advances in ASIT applied to autoimmune diseases, emphasizing current combination therapies and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Northrup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Matthew A Christopher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Bradley P Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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26
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Gallovic MD, Bandyopadhyay S, Borteh H, Montjoy DG, Collier MA, Peine KJ, Wyslouzil BE, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Microparticles formulated from a family of novel silylated polysaccharides demonstrate inherent immunostimulatory properties and tunable hydrolytic degradability. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4302-4312. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00745g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acid-degradable polymers are well-suited for drug delivery vehicles because numerous physiological sites are acidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Gallovic
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- College of Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Saibal Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Hassan Borteh
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Douglas G. Montjoy
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- College of Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Michael A. Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Kevin J. Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Barbara E. Wyslouzil
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- College of Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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27
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Suarez SL, Muñoz A, Mitchell A, Braden RL, Luo C, Cochran JR, Almutairi A, Christman KL. Degradable acetalated dextran microparticles for tunable release of an engineered hepatocyte growth factor fragment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 2:197-204. [PMID: 29333489 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Injectable biomaterials are promising as new therapies to treat myocardial infarction (MI). One useful property of biomaterials is the ability to protect and sustain release of therapeutic payloads. In order to create a platform for optimizing the release rate of cardioprotective molecules we utilized the tunable degradation of acetalated dextran (AcDex). We created microparticles with three distinct degradation profiles and showed that the consequent protein release profiles could be modulated within the infarcted heart. This enabled us to determine how delivery rate impacted the efficacy of a model therapeutic, an engineered hepatocyte growth factor fragment (HGF-f). Our results showed that the cardioprotective efficacy of HGF-f was optimal when delivered over three days post-intramyocardial injection, yielding the largest arterioles, fewest apoptotic cardiomyocytes bordering the infarct and the smallest infarcts compared to empty particle treatment four weeks after injection. This work demonstrates the potential of using AcDex particles as a delivery platform to optimize the time frame for delivering therapeutic proteins to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Suarez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Adam Muñoz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Braden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Schully KL, Bell MG, Prouty AM, Gallovic MD, Gautam S, Peine KJ, Sharma S, Bachelder EM, Pesce JT, Elberson MA, Ainslie KM, Keane-Myers A. Evaluation of a biodegradable microparticulate polymer as a carrier for Burkholderia pseudomallei subunit vaccines in a mouse model of melioidosis. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:849-61. [PMID: 26428631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis, a potentially lethal disease of humans and animals, is caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Due to B. pseudomallei's classification as a Tier 1 Select Agent, there is substantial interest in the development of an effective vaccine. Yet, despite decades of research, no effective target, adjuvant or delivery vehicle capable of inducing protective immunity against B. pseudomallei infection has been identified. We propose a microparticulate delivery vehicle comprised of the novel polymer acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX). Ac-DEX is an acid-sensitive biodegradable carrier that can be fabricated into microparticles (MPs) that are relatively stable at pH 7.4, but rapidly degrade after phagocytosis by antigen presenting cells where the pH can drop to 5.0. As compared to other biomaterials, this acid sensitivity has been shown to enhance cross presentation of subunit antigens. To evaluate this platform as a delivery system for a melioidosis vaccine, BALB/c mice were vaccinated with Ac-DEX MPs separately encapsulating B. pseudomallei whole cell lysate and the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod. This vaccine elicited a robust antibody response that included both Th1 and Th2 immunity. Following lethal intraperitoneal challenge with B. pseudomallei 1026b, vaccinated mice demonstrated a significant delay to time of death compared to untreated mice. The formulation, however, demonstrated incomplete protection indicating that lysate protein offers limited value as an antigen. Nevertheless, our Ac-DEX MPs may offer an effective delivery vehicle for a subunit B. psuedomallei vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Schully
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M G Bell
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - A M Prouty
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M D Gallovic
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K J Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J T Pesce
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - M A Elberson
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - K M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - A Keane-Myers
- Vaccines and Medical Countermeasures, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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Fisher JD, Acharya AP, Little SR. Micro and nanoparticle drug delivery systems for preventing allotransplant rejection. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:24-35. [PMID: 25937032 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of advances in transplant immunology, tissue damage caused by acute allograft rejection remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the transplant recipient. Moreover, the long-term sequelae of lifelong immunosuppression leaves patients at risk for developing a host of other deleterious conditions. Controlled drug delivery using micro- and nanoparticles (MNPs) is an effective way to deliver higher local doses of a given drug to specific tissues and cells while mitigating systemic effects. Herein, we review several descriptions of MNP immunotherapies aimed at prolonging allograft survival. We also discuss developments in the field of biomimetic drug delivery that use MNP constructs to induce and recruit our bodies' own suppressive immune cells. Finally, we comment on the regulatory pathway associated with these drug delivery systems. Collectively, it is our hope the studies described in this review will help to usher in a new era of immunotherapy in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Fisher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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30
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Li G, Cao L, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Huang Y, Zhao Y. Rapamycin loaded magnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethylchitosan nanoparticles as tumor-targeted drug delivery system: Synthesis and in vitro characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:379-388. [PMID: 25779605 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel tumor-targeted drug delivery system (Fe3O4/CMCS-Rapa NPs) was prepared using magnetic Fe3O4/carboxymethylchitosan nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CMCS NPs) as carrier and rapamycin (Rapa) as the model anti-tumor drug. The morphology, composition, and properties of the Fe3O4/CMCS-Rapa NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DSC), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), and drug release kinetics, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, apoptosis studies in vitro. The results showed that the synthesized Fe3O4/CMCS-Rapa NPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 30±2 nm, the saturated magnetization reached 67.1 emu/g, and the loading efficiency of Rapa was approximately 6.32±0.34%. In addition, the in vitro drug release behavior displayed that the Fe3O4/CMCS NPs exhibited a biphasic drug release pattern with initial burst release and consequently sustained release. Furthermore, the Fe3O4/CMCS-Rapa NPs showed lower cytotoxicity to liver cell line (LO2) and comparatively higher cytotoxicity to human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) than native Rapa. Fe3O4/CMCS-Rapa NPs could enhance cellular uptake and reduce Rapa drug damage to the normal cells so as to improve the curative effect of drug to tumor cells. All these results demonstrated that the Fe3O4/CMCS-Rapa NPs may be useful as a promising candidate for targeted cancer diagnostic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China; Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Liangli Cao
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhide Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China; Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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31
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Local therapeutic efficacy with reduced systemic side effects by rapamycin-loaded subcapsular microspheres. Biomaterials 2014; 42:151-60. [PMID: 25542803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kidney injury triggers fibrosis, the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase of CKD prevalence worldwide urgently calls for new therapies. Available systemic treatment such as rapamycin are associated with serious side effects. To study the potential of local antifibrotic therapy, we administered rapamycin-loaded microspheres under the kidney capsule of ureter-obstructed rats and assessed the local antifibrotic effects and systemic side effects of rapamycin. After 7 days, microsphere depots were easily identifiable under the kidney capsule. Both systemic and local rapamycin treatment reduced intrarenal mTOR activity, myofibroblast accumulation, expression of fibrotic genes, and T-lymphocyte infiltration. Upon local treatment, inhibition of mTOR activity and reduction of myofibroblast accumulation were limited to the immediate vicinity of the subcapsular pocket, while reduction of T-cell infiltration was widespread. In contrast to systemically administered rapamycin, local treatment did not induce off target effects such as weight loss. Thus subcapsular delivery of rapamycin-loaded microspheres successfully inhibited local fibrotic response in UUO with less systemic effects. Therapeutic effect of released rapamycin was most prominent in close vicinity to the implanted microspheres.
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32
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Hoang KV, Borteh HM, Rajaram MVS, Peine KJ, Curry H, Collier MA, Homsy ML, Bachelder EM, Gunn JS, Schlesinger LS, Ainslie KM. Acetalated dextran encapsulated AR-12 as a host-directed therapy to control Salmonella infection. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:334-43. [PMID: 25447826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AR-12 has been evaluated in clinical trials as an anti-cancer agent but also has demonstrated host-directed, broad-spectrum clearance of bacteria. We have previously shown that AR-12 has activity in vitro against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Francisella species by inducing autophagy and other host immune pathways. AR-12 treatment of S. Typhimurium-infected mice resulted in a 10-fold reduction in bacterial load in the liver and spleen and an increased survival time. However, AR-12 treatment did not protect mice from death, likely due poor formulation. In the current study, AR-12 was encapsulated in a microparticulate carrier formulated from the novel degradable biopolymer acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) and subsequently evaluated for its activity in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). Our results show that hMDMs efficiently internalized Ace-DEX microparticles (MPs), and that encapsulation significantly reduced host cell cytotoxicity compared to unencapsulated AR-12. Efficient macrophage internalization of AR-12 loaded MPs (AR-12/MPs) was further demonstrated by autophagosome formation that was comparable to free AR-12 and resulted in enhanced clearance of intracellular Salmonella. Taken together, these studies provide support that Ace-DEX encapsulated AR-12 may be a promising new therapeutic agent to control intracellular bacterial pathogens of macrophages by targeting delivery and reducing drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky V Hoang
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Hassan M Borteh
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kevin J Peine
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Heather Curry
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Michael A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Michael L Homsy
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - John S Gunn
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Peine KJ, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Lee P, Kanthamneni N, Severin M, Probst GD, Peng H, Yang Y, Vangundy Z, Papenfuss TL, Lovett-Racke AE, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by codelivery of disease associated Peptide and dexamethasone in acetalated dextran microparticles. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:828-35. [PMID: 24433027 PMCID: PMC3993881 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause loss of motor function and is thought to result, in part, from chronic inflammation due to an antigen-specific T cell immune response. Current treatments suppress the immune system without antigen specificity, increasing the risks of cancer, chronic infection, and other long-term side effects. In this study, we show treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, by coencapsulating the immunodominant peptide of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) with dexamethasone (DXM) into acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles (DXM/MOG/MPs) and administering the microparticles subcutaneously. The clinical score of the mice was reduced from 3.4 to 1.6 after 3 injections 3 days apart with the coencapsulated microparticulate formulation (MOG 17.6 μg and DXM 8 μg). This change in clinical score was significantly greater than observed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), empty MPs, free DXM and MOG, DXM/MPs, and MOG/MPs. Additionally, treatment with DXM/MOG/MPs significantly inhibited disease-associated cytokine (e.g., IL-17, GM-CSF) expression in splenocytes isolated in treated mice. Here we show a promising approach for the therapeutic treatment of MS using a polymer-based microparticle delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Peine
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
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Lu Y, Sturek M, Park K. Microparticles produced by the hydrogel template method for sustained drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:258-69. [PMID: 24333903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric microparticles have been used widely for sustained drug delivery. Current methods of microparticle production can be improved by making homogeneous particles in size and shape, increasing the drug loading, and controlling the initial burst release. In the current study, the hydrogel template method was used to produce homogeneous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles and to examine formulation and process-related parameters. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used to make hydrogel templates. The parameters examined include PVA molecular weight, type of PLGA (as characterized by lactide content, inherent viscosity), polymer concentration, drug concentration and composition of solvent system. Three model compounds studied were risperidone, methylprednisolone acetate and paclitaxel. The ability of the hydrogel template method to produce microparticles with good conformity to template was dependent on molecular weight of PVA and viscosity of the PLGA solution. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were found to be influenced by PLGA lactide content, polymer concentration and composition of the solvent system. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 28.7% and 82% for risperidone, 31.5% and 90% for methylprednisolone acetate, and 32.2% and 92% for paclitaxel, respectively. For all three drugs, release was sustained for weeks, and the in vitro release profile of risperidone was comparable to that of microparticles prepared using the conventional emulsion method. The hydrogel template method provides a new approach of manipulating microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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35
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Suarez S, Grover GN, Braden RL, Christman KL, Almutairi A. Tunable protein release from acetalated dextran microparticles: a platform for delivery of protein therapeutics to the heart post-MI. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3927-35. [PMID: 24053580 PMCID: PMC3910395 DOI: 10.1021/bm401050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The leading cause of death in the United States is cardiovascular disease. The majority of these cases result from heart failure post-myocardial infarction (MI). We present data providing evidence for use of acetalated dextran (AcDex) microparticles as a delivery vehicle for therapeutics to the heart post-MI. We harnessed the tunable degradation and acid-sensitivity of AcDex in the design of microparticles for intramyocardial injection. The particles released a model protein, myoglobin, and a sensitive growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), over a wide range of time frames (from days to weeks) based on the percentage of cyclic acetals in the AcDex, which was easily controlled with acetalation reaction time. The release was shown in low pH environments, similar to what is found in an infarcted heart. bFGF maintained activity after release from the microparticles. Finally, biocompatibility of the microparticles was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Suarez
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory N. Grover
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Braden
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and KACST UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Efficient delivery of the toll-like receptor agonists polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and CpG to macrophages by acetalated dextran microparticles. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2849-57. [PMID: 23768126 DOI: 10.1021/mp300643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the immune activity of vaccine adjuvants polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and CpG acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles can be used. Ac-DEX is a biodegradable and water-insoluble polymer that degrades significantly faster at pH 5.0 (phagosomal pH) than at pH 7.4 and has tunable degradation rates that can range from hours to months. This is an ideal characteristic for delivery of an antigen and adjuvant within the lysosomal compartment of a phagocytic cell. We evaluated poly I:C and CpG encapsulated in Ac-DEX microparticles using RAW macrophages as a model antigen-presenting cell. These cells were cultured with poly I:C or CpG in their free form, encapsulated in a fast degrading Ac-DEX, in slow degrading Ac-DEX, or in the Food and Drug Administration-approved polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Ac-DEX had higher encapsulation efficiencies for both poly I:C and CpG than PLGA. Furthermore, poly I:C or CpG encapsulated in Ac-DEX also showed, in general, a significantly stronger immunostimulatory response than PLGA and unencapsulated CpG or poly I:C, which was indicated by a higher rate of nitric oxide release and increased levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Overall, we have illustrated a method for enhancing the delivery of these vaccine adjuvants to further enhance the development of Ac-DEX vaccine formulations.
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Borteh HM, Gallovic MD, Sharma S, Peine KJ, Miao S, Brackman DJ, Gregg K, Xu Y, Guo X, Guan J, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Electrospun acetalated dextran scaffolds for temporal release of therapeutics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7957-7965. [PMID: 23725054 DOI: 10.1021/la400541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) scaffolds were fabricated to encapsulate resiquimod, an immunomodulatory toll-like-receptor (TLR) agonist. Ac-DEX has been used to fabricate scaffolds for sustained and temporal delivery of therapeutics because it has tunable degradation rates that are dependent on its synthesis reaction time or the molecular weight of dextran. Additionally, as opposed to commonly electrospun polyesters that shift the local pH upon degradation, the degradation products of Ac-DEX are pH-neutral: dextran, an alcohol, and the metabolic byproduct acetone. Formulations of Ac-DEX with two different degradation rates were used in this study. The effects of electrospinning conditions on the scaffold size and morphology were examined as well as fibroblast adhesion as imaged with fluorescence microcopy and scanning electron microscopy. Macrophage (MΦ) viability further indicates that the scaffolds are cytocompatible. Also, the controlled release profiles of resiquimod from loaded scaffolds and nitric oxide (NO) production by MΦ incubated with these scaffolds show the potential for Ac-DEX scaffolds to be used to temporally and efficiently deliver therapeutics. Overall, we present a novel scaffold that can have tunable and unique drug release rates for tissue engineering, drug delivery, immunomodulation, and wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Borteh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Chen H, Li X. Rapamycin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and potential application in corneal transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:557-63. [PMID: 24635557 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Allograft rejection is the major cause of corneal graft failure. To inhibit corneal allograft rejection, rapamycin as a novel immunosuppressive agent has been discovered. However, the high water insolubility and low bioavailability of rapamycin has strongly hindered its application in the clinical setting. In this paper, we attempted to develop a novel rapamycin nano-formulation using poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCEC) nanoparticles as carrier by an emulsion evaporation method for potential application in corneal transplantation. METHODS The solubility of rapamycin in the nano-formulation was determined and in-vitro release studies were performed. The developed rapamycin-loaded PCEC nanoparticles were further characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetery. Toxicity studies were performed in eye-related cell lines. KEY FINDINGS The rapamycin in nano-formulation exhibited ∼10³-fold increased solubility as compared with native rapamycin. According to the results of the in-vitro cytotoxicity assay, the developed PCEC nanoparticles did not exhibit any apparent cytotoxicity against various eye-related cell lines with PCEC nanoparticle concentrations in the range of 0.05-10 mg/ml. In-vitro release study showed that the release of rapamycin was sustained from PCEC nanoparticles over a period of 48 h. CONCLUSIONS All the results suggested that the developed rapamycin-loaded PCEC nanoparticles might be suitable for immunosuppression in corneal transplantation by instillation administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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39
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Elastin-based protein polymer nanoparticles carrying drug at both corona and core suppress tumor growth in vivo. J Control Release 2013; 171:330-8. [PMID: 23714121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous nanocarriers of small molecules depend on either non-specific physical encapsulation or direct covalent linkage. In contrast, this manuscript explores an alternative encapsulation strategy based on high-specificity avidity between a small molecule drug and its cognate protein target fused to the corona of protein polymer nanoparticles. With the new strategy, the drug associates tightly to the carrier and releases slowly, which may decrease toxicity and promote tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. To test this hypothesis, the drug Rapamycin (Rapa) was selected for its potent anti-proliferative properties, which give it immunosuppressant and anti-tumor activity. Despite its potency, Rapa has low solubility, low oral bioavailability, and rapid systemic clearance, which make it an excellent candidate for nanoparticulate drug delivery. To explore this approach, genetically engineered diblock copolymers were constructed from elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) that assemble small (<100nm) nanoparticles. ELPs are protein polymers of the sequence (Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly)n, where the identity of Xaa and n determine their assembly properties. Initially, a screening assay for model drug encapsulation in ELP nanoparticles was developed, which showed that Rose Bengal and Rapa have high non-specific encapsulation in the core of ELP nanoparticles with a sequence where Xaa=Ile or Phe. While excellent at entrapping these drugs, their release was relatively fast (2.2h half-life) compared to their intended mean residence time in the human body. Having determined that Rapa can be non-specifically entrapped in the core of ELP nanoparticles, FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP), which is the cognate protein target of Rapa, was genetically fused to the surface of these nanoparticles (FSI) to enhance their avidity towards Rapa. The fusion of FKBP to these nanoparticles slowed the terminal half-life of drug release to 57.8h. To determine if this class of drug carriers has potential applications in vivo, FSI/Rapa was administered to mice carrying a human breast cancer model (MDA-MB-468). Compared to free drug, FSI encapsulation significantly decreased gross toxicity and enhanced the anti-cancer activity. In conclusion, protein polymer nanoparticles decorated with the cognate receptor of a high potency, low solubility drug (Rapa) efficiently improved drug loading capacity and its release. This approach has applications to the delivery of Rapa and its analogs; furthermore, this strategy has broader applications in the encapsulation, targeting, and release of other potent small molecules.
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Duong AD, Sharma S, Peine KJ, Gupta G, Satoskar AR, Bachelder EM, Wyslouzil BE, Ainslie KM. Electrospray encapsulation of toll-like receptor agonist resiquimod in polymer microparticles for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1045-55. [PMID: 23320733 PMCID: PMC3857017 DOI: 10.1021/mp3005098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan, Leishmania. A current treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis involves the delivery of imidazoquinolines via a topical cream. However, there are no parenteral formulations of imidazoquinolines for the most deadly version of the disease, visceral leishmaniasis. This work investigates the use of electrospray to encapsulate the imidazoquinoline adjuvant resiquimod in acid sensitive microparticles composed of acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) or Ac-DEX/Tween blends. The particles were characterized and tested both in vitro and in vivo. Solutions of Ac-DEX and resiquimod in ethanol were electrosprayed to generate approximately 2 μm Ac-DEX particles containing resiquimod with an encapsulation efficiency of 85%. To prevent particle aggregation, blends of Ac-DEX with Tween 20 and Tween 80 were investigated. Tween 80 was then blended with the Ac-DEX at ∼10% (w/w) of total polymer and particles containing resiquimod were formed via electrospray with encapsulation efficiencies between 40% and 60%. In vitro release profiles of resiquimod from Ac-DEX/Tween 80 particles exhibited the acid-sensitive nature of Ac-DEX, with 100% drug release after 8 h at pH 5 (phagosomal pH) and after 48 h at pH 7.4 (physiological pH). Treatment with Ac-DEX/Tween 80 particles elicited significantly greater immune response in RAW macrophages over free drug. When injected intravenously into mice inoculated with Leishmania, parasite load reduced significantly in the bone marrow compared to blank particles and phosphate-buffered saline controls. Overall, electrospray appears to offer an elegant, scalable way to encapsulate adjuvant into an acid sensitive delivery vehicle for use in treating visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Duong
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kevin J. Peine
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Barbra E. Wyslouzil
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Schully KL, Sharma S, Peine KJ, Pesce J, Elberson MA, Fonseca ME, Prouty AM, Bell MG, Borteh H, Gallovic M, Bachelder EM, Keane-Myers A, Ainslie KM. Rapid vaccination using an acetalated dextran microparticulate subunit vaccine confers protection against triplicate challenge by bacillus anthracis. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1349-61. [PMID: 23354770 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-0975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A rapid immune response is required to prevent death from Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis. METHOD We formulated a vaccine carrier comprised of acetalated dextran microparticles encapsulating recombinant protective antigen (rPA) and resiquimod (a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist). RESULTS We were able to protect against triplicate lethal challenge by vaccinating twice (Days 0, 7) and then aggressively challenging on Days 14, 21, 28. A significantly higher level of antibodies was generated by day 14 with the encapsulated group compared to the conventional rPA and alum group. Antibodies produced by the co-encapsulated group were only weakly-neutralizing in toxin neutralization; however, survival was not dependent on toxin neutralization, as all vaccine formulations survived all challenges except control groups. Post-mortem culture swabs taken from the hearts of vaccinated groups that did not produce significant neutralizing titers failed to grow B. anthracis. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that protective antibodies are not required for rapid protection; indeed, cytokine results indicate that T cell protection may play a role in protection from anthrax. We report the first instance of use of a particulate carrier to generate a rapid protective immunity against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Schully
- Vaccine and Medical Countermeasures Department Biological Defense Research Directorate Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
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Cao L, Li G, Yang D, Liu J, Huang Y. Application of Response Surface Methodology To Formulation Optimization of Rapamycin Loaded Magnetic Fe3O4/Carboxymethylchitosan Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.802548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kauffman KJ, Do C, Sharma S, Gallovic MD, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Synthesis and characterization of acetalated dextran polymer and microparticles with ethanol as a degradation product. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4149-4155. [PMID: 22833690 DOI: 10.1021/am3008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the field of drug delivery, pH-sensitive polymeric microparticles can be used to release therapeutic payloads slowly in extracellular conditions (pH 7.4) and faster in more acidic areas in vivo, such as sites of inflammation, tumors, or intracellular conditions. Our group currently uses and is further developing the pH-sensitive polymer acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX), which is a biodegradable polymer with highly tunable degradation kinetics. Ac-DEX has displayed enhanced delivery of vaccine and drug components to immune and other cells, making it an extremely desirable polymer for immune applications. Currently, one of the degradation products of Ac-DEX is methanol, which may cause toxicity issues if applied at high concentrations with repeated doses. Therefore, in this manuscript we report the first synthesis and characterization of an Ac-DEX analog which, instead of a methanol degradation product, has a much safer ethanol degradation product. We abbreviate this ethoxy acetal derivatized acetalated dextran polymer as Ace-DEX, with the 'e' to indicate an ethanol degradation product. Like Ac-DEX, Ace-DEX microparticles have tunable degradation rates at pH 5 (intracellular). These rates range from hours to several days and are controlled simply by reaction time. Ace-DEX microparticles also show minimal cytotoxicity compared to commonly used poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles when incubated with macrophages. This study aims to enhance the biocompatibility of acetalated dextran-type polymers to allow their use in high volume clinical applications such as multiple dosing and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Kauffman
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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