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Pérez-Moreno AM, Aranda CJ, Torres MJ, Mayorga C, Paris JL. Immunomodulatory potential of rapamycin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles: pore size-dependent drug loading, release, and in vitro cellular responses. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01575-0. [PMID: 38561566 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressive drug that has been recently proposed for a wide range of applications beyond its current clinical use. For some of these proposed applications, encapsulation in nanoparticles is key to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety. In this work, we evaluate the effect of pore size on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as rapamycin nanocarriers. The successful preparation of MSN with 4 different pore sizes was confirmed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. In these materials, rapamycin loading was pore size-dependent, with smaller pore MSN exhibiting greater loading capacity. Release studies showed sustained drug release from all MSN types, with larger pore MSN presenting faster release kinetics. In vitro experiments using the murine dendritic cell (DC) line model DC2.4 showed that pore size influenced the biological performance of MSN. MSN with smaller pore sizes presented larger nanoparticle uptake by DC2.4 cells, but were also associated with slightly larger cytotoxicity. Further evaluation of DC2.4 cells incubated with rapamycin-loaded MSN also demonstrated a significant effect of MSN pore size on their immunological response. Notably, the combination of rapamycin-loaded MSN with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) led to changes in the expression of DC activation markers (CD40 and CD83) and in the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α compared to LPS-treated DC without nanoparticles. Smaller-pored MSN induced more substantial reductions in CD40 expression while eliciting increased CD83 expression, indicating potential immunomodulatory effects. These findings highlight the critical role of MSN pore size in modulating rapamycin loading, release kinetics, cellular uptake, and subsequent immunomodulatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pérez-Moreno
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain.
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan L Paris
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, Spain.
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Paris JL, Gaspar R, Coelho F, De Beule PAA, Silva BFB. Stability Criterion for the Assembly of Core-Shell Lipid-Polymer-Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17587-17594. [PMID: 37581895 PMCID: PMC10510699 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid core-shell lipid-polycation-nucleic acid nanoparticles (LPNPs) provide unique delivery strategies for nonviral gene therapeutics. Since LPNPs consist of multiple components, involving different pairwise interactions between them, they are challenging to characterize and understand. Here, we propose a method based on fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to elucidate the association between the three LPNP components. Through this lens, we demonstrate that cationic lipid shells (liposomes) do not displace polycations or DNA from the polycation-DNA cores (polyplexes). Hence, polyplexes and liposomes must be oppositely charged to associate into LPNPs. Furthermore, we identify the liposome:polyplex number ratio (ρN), which was hitherto an intangible quantity, as the primary parameter predicting stable LPNPs. We establish that ρN ≥ 1 ensures that every polyplex is enveloped by a liposome, thus avoiding coexisting oppositely charged species prone to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Gaspar
- International Iberian Nanotechnology
Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Filipe Coelho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology
Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
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Paris JL, Vora LK, José Torres M, Mayorga C, Donnelly RF. Microneedle array patches for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103556. [PMID: 36931387 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of allergies has been steadily increasing in recent years. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) represents the only approach capable of inducing long-term immune tolerance toward allergens. However, the clinical success of AIT is limited by efficacy or safety concerns related to the administration route. Therapeutic delivery in the skin appears promising, given the presence of immune cells in the skin and the relatively low level of systemic distribution that occurs with this delivery method. However, the stratum corneum greatly limits this route. In this regard, the use of microneedles has been proposed to improve the delivery of therapeutics into the skin. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the use of microneedles for AIT, highlighting avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.
| | - María José Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.
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Paris JL, Monío C, Pérez-Moreno AM, Jurado-Escobar R, Bogas G, Fernández TD, Montañez MI, Mayorga C, Torres MJ. Influence of Pore Size in Protein G'-Grafted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Serum Pretreatment System for In Vitro Allergy Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203321. [PMID: 36847336 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Particles with the capacity to bind to immunoglobulin G (IgG) can be used for the purification of IgG or to process clinical samples for diagnostic purposes. For in vitro allergy diagnosis, the high IgG levels in serum can interfere with the detection of allergen-specific IgE, the main diagnostic biomarker. Although commercially available, current materials present a low IgG capture capacity at large IgG concentrations or require complex protocols, preventing their use in the clinic. In this work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles are prepared with different pore sizes, to which IgG-binding protein G' is grafted. It is found that for one particular optimal pore size, the IgG capture capacity of the material is greatly enhanced. The capacity of this material to efficiently capture human IgG in a selective way (compared to IgE) is demonstrated in both solutions of known IgG concentrations as well as in complex samples, like serum, from healthy controls and allergic patients using a simple and fast incubation protocol. Interestingly, IgG removal using the best-performing material enhances in vitro IgE detection in sera from patients allergic to amoxicillin. These results highlight the great translation potential of this strategy to the clinic in the context of in vitro allergy diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Cristina Monío
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-Moreno
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-Escobar
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, 29009, Spain
| | - Tahía D Fernández
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - María I Montañez
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, 29009, Spain
| | - María J Torres
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS "Enfermedades inflamatorias", Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-HRUM, Málaga, 29009, Spain.,Departmento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, Málaga, 29010, Spain
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Palomares F, Paris JL, Labella M, Doña I, Mayorga C, Torres MJ. Drug hypersensitivity, in vitro tools, biomarkers, and burden with COVID-19 vaccines. Allergy 2022; 77:3527-3537. [PMID: 35912413 PMCID: PMC9537799 DOI: 10.1111/all.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs are increasing worldwide. They display a large degree of variability in the immunological mechanisms involved, which impacts both disease severity and the optimal diagnostic procedure. Therefore, drug hypersensitivity diagnosis relies on both in vitro and in vivo assessments, although most of the methods are not well standardized. Moreover, several biomarkers can be used as valuable parameters for precision medicine that provide information on the endotypes, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of drug hypersensitivity development, as well on the identification of therapeutic targets and treatment efficacy monitoring. Furthermore, in the last 2 years, the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) pandemic has had an important impact on health system, leading us to update approaches on how to manage hypersensitivity reactions to drugs used for its treatment and on COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) vaccines used for its prevention. This article reviews recent advances in these 3 areas regarding drug hypersensitivity: in vitro tools for drug hypersensitivity diagnosis, recently identified biomarkers that could guide clinical decision making and management of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and vaccines used for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA‐ARADyALMálagaSpain
| | - Juan L. Paris
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA‐ARADyALMálagaSpain,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
| | - Marina Labella
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA‐ARADyALMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Málaga‐ARADyALMálagaSpain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA‐ARADyALMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Málaga‐ARADyALMálagaSpain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA‐ARADyALMálagaSpain,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Málaga‐ARADyALMálagaSpain
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA‐ARADyALMálagaSpain,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Málaga‐ARADyALMálagaSpain,Departamento de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
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Paris JL, de la Torre P, Flores AI. New Therapeutic Approaches for Allergy: A Review of Cell Therapy and Bio- or Nano-Material-Based Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122149. [PMID: 34959429 PMCID: PMC8707403 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy constitutes a major health issue due to its large prevalence. The established therapeutic approaches (allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids) do not address the underlying causes of the pathology, highlighting the need for other long-term treatment options. Antigen-specific immunotherapy enables the long-term control of allergic diseases by promoting immunological tolerance to the allergen. However, efficacious immunotherapies are not available for all possible allergens, and the risk of undesired reactions during therapy remains a concern, especially in patients with severe allergic reactions. In this context, two types of therapeutic strategies appear especially promising for the future in the context of allergy: cell therapy and bio- or nano-material-based therapy. In this review, the main strategies developed this far in these two types of strategies are discussed, with several examples illustrating the different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Paris
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Paz de la Torre
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Coelho F, Botelho C, Paris JL, Marques EF, Silva BF. Influence of the media ionic strength on the formation and in vitro biological performance of polycation-DNA complexes. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tesfaye A, Rodríguez‐Nogales A, Benedé S, Fernández TD, Paris JL, Rodriguez MJ, Jiménez‐Sánchez IM, Bogas G, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Montañez MI. Nanoarchitectures for efficient IgE cross-linking on effector cells to study amoxicillin allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:3183-3193. [PMID: 33784407 PMCID: PMC8518075 DOI: 10.1111/all.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amoxicillin (AX) is nowadays the β-lactam that more frequently induces immediate allergic reactions. Nevertheless, diagnosis of AX allergy is occasionally challenging due to risky in vivo tests and non-optimal sensitivity of in vitro tests. AX requires protein haptenation to form multivalent conjugates with increased size to be immunogenic. Knowing adduct structural features for promoting effector cell activation would help to improve in vitro tests. We aimed to identify the optimal structural requirement in specific cellular degranulation to AX using well-precised nanoarchitectures of different lengths. METHOD We constructed eight Bidendron Antigens (BiAns) based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers of different lengths (600-12,000 Da), end-coupled with polyamidoamine dendrons that were terminally multi-functionalized with amoxicilloyl (AXO). In vitro IgE recognition was studied by competitive radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and antibody-nanoarchitecture complexes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their allergenic activity was evaluated using bone marrow-derived mast cells (MCs) passively sensitized with mouse monoclonal IgE against AX and humanized RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with polyclonal antibodies from sera of AX-allergic patients. RESULTS All BiAns were recognized by AX-sIgE. Dose-dependent activation responses were observed in both cellular assays, only with longer structures, containing spacers in the range of PEG 6000-12,000 Da. Consistently, greater proportion of immunocomplexes and number of antibodies per complex for longer BiAns were visualized by TEM. CONCLUSIONS BiAns are valuable platforms to study the mechanism of effector cell activation. These nanomolecular tools have demonstrated the importance of the adduct size to promote effector cell activation in AX allergy, which will impact for improving in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Tesfaye
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Alba Rodríguez‐Nogales
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIALCSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Tahía D. Fernández
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Genética y FisiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Juan L. Paris
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Maria J. Rodriguez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Isabel M. Jiménez‐Sánchez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - María J. Torres
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Departamento de MedicinaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - María I. Montañez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
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Silva MD, Paris JL, Gama FM, Silva BFB, Sillankorva S. Sustained Release of a Streptococcus pneumoniae Endolysin from Liposomes for Potential Otitis Media Treatment. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2127-2137. [PMID: 34167300 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Local delivery of antimicrobials for otitis media treatment would maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. However, drug transport across the tympanic membrane in the absence of a delivery system is challenging. In this study, the MSlys endolysin was encapsulated in deformable liposomes for a targeted treatment of S. pneumoniae, one of the most important causative agents of otitis media. MSlys was successfully encapsulated in liposomes composed of l-alpha-lecithin and sodium cholate (5:1) or l-alpha-lecithin and PEG2000 PE (10:1), with encapsulation efficiencies of about 35%. The PEGylated and sodium cholate liposomes showed, respectively, mean hydrodynamic diameters of 85 and 115 nm and polydispersity indices of 0.32 and 0.42, both being stable after storage at 4 °C for at least one year. Both liposomal formulations showed a sustained release of MSlys over 7 days. Cytotoxicity studies against fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines revealed the biocompatible nature of both MSlys and MSlys-loaded liposomes. Additionally, the encapsulated MSlys showed prompt antipneumococcal activity against planktonic and biofilm S. pneumoniae, thus holding great potential for transtympanic treatment against S. pneumoniae otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Silva
- CEB−Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- INL−International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juan L. Paris
- INL−International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno F. B. Silva
- INL−International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL−International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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de la Torre P, Paris JL, Fernández-de la Torre M, Vallet-Regí M, Flores AI. Endostatin Genetically Engineered Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Carrying Doxorubicin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Combined Chemo- and Antiangiogenic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:244. [PMID: 33578733 PMCID: PMC7916487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies constitute a powerful tool for cancer treatment. By combining drugs with different mechanisms of action, the limitations of each individual agent can be overcome, while increasing therapeutic benefit. Here, we propose employing tumor-migrating decidua-derived mesenchymal stromal cells as therapeutic agents combining antiangiogenic therapy and chemotherapy. First, a plasmid encoding the antiangiogenic protein endostatin was transfected into these cells by nucleofection, confirming its expression by ELISA and its biological effect in an ex ovo chick embryo model. Second, doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles were introduced into the cells, which would act as vehicles for the drug being released. The effect of the drug was evaluated in a coculture in vitro model with mammary cancer cells. Third, the combination of endostatin transfection and doxorubicin-nanoparticle loading was carried out with the decidua mesenchymal stromal cells. This final cell platform was shown to retain its tumor-migration capacity in vitro, and the combined in vitro therapeutic efficacy was confirmed through a 3D spheroid coculture model using both cancer and endothelial cells. The results presented here show great potential for the development of combination therapies based on genetically-engineered cells that can simultaneously act as cellular vehicles for drug-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz de la Torre
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avda. Cordoba s/n 28041, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan L. Paris
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-de la Torre
- Grupo de Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avda. Cordoba s/n 28041, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avda. Cordoba s/n 28041, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
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Ramalheiro A, Paris JL, Silva BFB, Pires LR. Rapidly dissolving microneedles for the delivery of cubosome-like liquid crystalline nanoparticles with sustained release of rapamycin. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119942. [PMID: 33039495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a system for the transdermal delivery and controlled release of the hydrophobic immunosuppressive drug rapamycin, foreseeing an application in psoriasis treatment. To do so, rapamycin was encapsulated in phytantriol-based cubosome-like liquid crystalline nanoparticles stabilized with pluronic F127. The final mass percent composition of the lipid nanoparticles was 0.25% phytantriol, 0.1% pluronic F127, 4.75% ethanol and 94.9% water. These particles showed a rapamycin encapsulation efficiency above 95% and a sustained in vitrodrug release profile throughout 14 days. Subsequently the rapamycin-carrying particles were incorporated into rapidly dissolving microneedle patches composed of a polymeric matrix of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(vinyl alcohol). Confocal microscopy allowed to infer the preferential distribution of the cubosome-like particles at the tip and baseplate of the microneedles. The fabricated microneedles showed successful piercing and deposition of the loaded cubosome-like particles on a skin-mimicking agarose gel. Finally, the rapamycin-loaded cubosome-like particles showed antiproliferative activity in natural killer cells in vitro. The results here presented show the potential of the developed system to deliver cubosome-like particles into the skin and promote the sustained release of rapamycin in the context of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramalheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juan L Paris
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno F B Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Liliana R Pires
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Paris JL, Coelho F, Teixeira A, Diéguez L, Silva BFB, Abalde-Cela S. In Vitro Evaluation of Lipopolyplexes for Gene Transfection: Comparing 2D, 3D and Microdroplet-Enabled Cell Culture. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143277. [PMID: 32708478 PMCID: PMC7397275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes combining nucleic acids with lipids and polymers (lipopolyplexes) show great promise for gene therapy since they enable compositional, physical and functional versatility to be optimized for therapeutic efficiency. When developing lipopolyplexes for gene delivery, one of the first evaluations performed is an in vitro transfection efficiency experiment. Many different in vitro models can be used, and the effect of the model on the experiment outcome has not been thoroughly studied. The objective of this work was to compare the insights obtained from three different in vitro models, as well as the potential limitations associated with each of them. We have prepared a series of lipopolyplex formulations with three different cationic polymers (poly-l-lysine, bioreducible poly-l-lysine and polyethyleneimine), and assessed their in vitro biological performance in 2D monolayer cell culture, 3D spheroid culture and microdroplet-based single-cell culture. Lipopolyplexes from different polymers presented varying degrees of transfection efficiency in all models. The best-performing formulation in 2D culture was the polyethyleneimine lipopolyplex, while lipoplexes prepared with bioreducible poly-l-lysine were the only ones achieving any transfection in microdroplet-enabled cell culture. None of the prepared formulations achieved significant gene transfection in 3D culture. All of the prepared formulations were well tolerated by cells in 2D culture, while at least one formulation (poly-l-lysine polyplex) delayed 3D spheroid growth. These results highlight the need for selecting the appropriate in vitro model depending on the intended application.
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Paris JL, Vallet-Regí M. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Co-Delivery of Drugs and Nucleic Acids in Oncology: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060526. [PMID: 32521800 PMCID: PMC7356816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have attracted much attention in recent years as drug and gene delivery systems for biomedical applications. Among their most beneficial features for biomedicine, we can highlight their biocompatibility and their outstanding textural properties, which provide a great loading capacity for many types of cargos. In the context of cancer nanomedicine, combination therapy and gene transfection/silencing have recently been highlighted as two of its most promising fields. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the different small molecule drug-nucleic acid co-delivery combinations that have been developed using mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers. By carefully selecting the chemotherapeutic drug and nucleic acid cargos to be co-delivered by mesoporous silica nanoparticles, different therapeutic goals can be achieved by overcoming resistance mechanisms, combining different cytotoxic mechanisms, or providing an additional antiangiogenic effect. The examples here presented highlight the great promise of this type of strategies for the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Paris
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Civil, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.P.); ; (M.V.-R.); Tel.: +34-913941843 (M.V.-R.)
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.P.); ; (M.V.-R.); Tel.: +34-913941843 (M.V.-R.)
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Teixeira A, Paris JL, Roumani F, Diéguez L, Prado M, Espiña B, Abalde-Cela S, Garrido-Maestu A, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L. Multifuntional Gold Nanoparticles for the SERS Detection of Pathogens Combined with a LAMP-in-Microdroplets Approach. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13081934. [PMID: 32325992 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed a droplet-based optofluidic system for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Specifically, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which offers an excellent method for DNA ultradetection. However, the direct SERS detection of DNA compromises the simplicity of data interpretation due to the variability of its SERS fingerprints. Therefore, we designed an indirect SERS detection method using multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on the formation of pyrophosphate generated during the DNA amplification by LAMP. Towards this goal, we prepared multifunctional AuNPs involving three components with key roles: (1) thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) as stabilizing agent, (2) 1-naphthalenethiol as Raman reporter, and (3) glutathione as a bioinspired chelating agent of magnesium (II) ions. Thus, the variation in the SERS signal of 1-naphthalenethiol was controlled by the aggregation of AuNPs triggered by the complexation of pyrophosphate and glutathione with free magnesium ions. Using this strategy, we detected Listeria monocytogenes, not only in buffer, but also in a food matrix (i.e., ultra-high temperaturemilk) enabled by the massive production of hotspots as a result of the self-assemblies that enhanced the SERS signal. This allowed the development of a microdroplet-LAMP-SERS platform with isothermal amplification and real-time identification capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Teixeira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juan L Paris
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Foteini Roumani
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Begoña Espiña
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Lorenzo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
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Teixeira A, Paris JL, Roumani F, Diéguez L, Prado M, Espiña B, Abalde-Cela S, Garrido-Maestu A, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L. Multifuntional Gold Nanoparticles for the SERS Detection of Pathogens Combined with a LAMP-in-Microdroplets Approach. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1934. [PMID: 32325992 PMCID: PMC7215531 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We developed a droplet-based optofluidic system for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Specifically, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which offers an excellent method for DNA ultradetection. However, the direct SERS detection of DNA compromises the simplicity of data interpretation due to the variability of its SERS fingerprints. Therefore, we designed an indirect SERS detection method using multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on the formation of pyrophosphate generated during the DNA amplification by LAMP. Towards this goal, we prepared multifunctional AuNPs involving three components with key roles: (1) thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) as stabilizing agent, (2) 1-naphthalenethiol as Raman reporter, and (3) glutathione as a bioinspired chelating agent of magnesium (II) ions. Thus, the variation in the SERS signal of 1-naphthalenethiol was controlled by the aggregation of AuNPs triggered by the complexation of pyrophosphate and glutathione with free magnesium ions. Using this strategy, we detected Listeria monocytogenes, not only in buffer, but also in a food matrix (i.e., ultra-high temperaturemilk) enabled by the massive production of hotspots as a result of the self-assemblies that enhanced the SERS signal. This allowed the development of a microdroplet-LAMP-SERS platform with isothermal amplification and real-time identification capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Rodriguez-Lorenzo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal; (A.T.); (J.L.P.); (F.R.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (B.E.); (S.A.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Paris
- Department of Life Sciences, Nano4Health Unit, Nanomedicine Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040-Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Paris JL, Villaverde G, Gómez-Graña S, Vallet-Regí M. Nanoparticles for multimodal antivascular therapeutics: Dual drug release, photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:459-468. [PMID: 31706040 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The poor delivery of nanoparticles to target cancer cells hinders their success in the clinical setting. In this work, an alternative target readily available for circulating nanoparticles has been selected to eliminate the need for nanoparticle penetration in the tissue: the tumor blood vessels. A tumor endothelium-targeted nanoparticle (employing an RGD-containing peptide) capable of co-delivering two anti-vascular drugs (one anti-angiogenic drug and one vascular disruption agent) is here presented. Furthermore, the nanodevice presents two additional anti-vascular capabilities upon activation by Near-Infrared light: provoking local hyperthermia (by gold nanorods in the system) and generating toxic reactive oxygen species (by the presence of a photosensitizer). RGD-targeting is shown to increase uptake by HUVEC cells, and while the nanoparticles are shown not to be toxic for these cells, upon Near-Infrared irradiation their almost complete killing is achieved. The combination of all four therapeutic modalities is then evaluated in an ex ovo fibrosarcoma xenograft model, which shows a significant reduction in the number of blood vessels irrigating the xenografts when the nanoparticles are present, as well as the destruction of the existing blood vessels upon irradiation. These results suggest that the combination of different anti-vascular therapeutic strategies in a single nanocarrier appears promising and should be further explored in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE MVR2019: The combination of antivascular drugs with different mechanisms of action (such as antiangiogenic drugs and vascular disruption agents) has been recently proposed as a promising approach to maximize the therapeutic potential of anti-vascular therapeutics. Given the capacity of nanoparticles to co-deliver different drugs in optimizable ratios, nanomedicine appears to have a huge potential for the development of this kind of multimodal antivascular. To showcase this, an multimodal anti-vascular nanodevice for cancer therapy is here presented. This tumor endothelium-targeted nanosystem is capable of co-delivering two anti-vascular drugs (anti-angiogenic and vascular disruption agent) while also providing two additional therapeutic modalities that can be activated by Near-Infrared light: provoking local hyperthermia (photothermal therapy) and generating toxic reactive oxygen species (photodynamic therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Villaverde
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Graña
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Paris JL, Baeza A, Vallet-Regí M. Overcoming the stability, toxicity, and biodegradation challenges of tumor stimuli-responsive inorganic nanoparticles for delivery of cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1095-1112. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1662786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Paris
- Department of Life Sciences, Nano4Health Unit, Nanomedicine Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL). Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Materials and Aeroespatial Production Department, Polymer Materials Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad Docente de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Paris JL, Lafuente-Gómez N, Cabañas MV, Román J, Peña J, Vallet-Regí M. Fabrication of a nanoparticle-containing 3D porous bone scaffold with proangiogenic and antibacterial properties. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:441-449. [PMID: 30654210 PMCID: PMC6667335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D porous scaffolds based on agarose and nanocrystalline apatite, two structural components that act as a temporary mineralized extracellular matrix, were prepared by the GELPOR3D method. This shaping technology allows the introduction of thermally-labile molecules within the scaffolds during the fabrication procedure. An angiogenic protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and an antibiotic, cephalexin, loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles, were included to design multifunctional scaffolds for bone reconstruction. The dual release of both molecules showed a marked increase in the number of blood vessels on embryonic day 14 in chicken embryos grown ex ovo, while, at the same time providing an antibiotic local concentration capable of inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacterial growth. In this sense, different release patterns, monitored by UV-spectroscopy, could be tailored as a function of the cephalexin loading strategy, either releasing all the loaded cephalexin in the first 4 h or less than 50% after 24 h. The scaffold surface was characterized by a high hydrophilicity, with contact angles between 50° and 63°, which enabled the adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblastic cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The localized delivery of bioactive molecules has attracted significant attention due to the potential for dose reduction as well as reduced side effects compared to systemic delivery. In this article multifunctional 3D porous scaffolds with a designed porosity have been fabricated. The method also enables the controlled loading of an antibiotic drug and an angiogenic protein into the scaffold. These scaffolds, whose composition resembles the extracellular matrix are suitable for the adhesion of preosteoblast cells, exhibit a sustained cephalexin delivery adequate for inhibiting bacterial growth as well as release the proangiogenic molecule which induces blood vessel formation in chicken embryos grown ex ovo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Nuria Lafuente-Gómez
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Román
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Peña
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Paris JL, de la Torre P, Cabañas MV, Manzano M, Flores AI, Vallet-Regí M. Suicide-gene transfection of tumor-tropic placental stem cells employing ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:372-378. [PMID: 30414488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A Trojan-horse strategy for cancer therapy employing tumor-tropic mesenchymal stem cells transfected with a non-viral nanovector is here presented. In this sense, ultrasound-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles were coated with a polycation (using two different molecular weights), providing them with gene transfection capabilities that were evaluated using two different plasmids. First, the expression of Green Fluorescent Protein was analyzed in Decidua-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells after incubation with the silica nanoparticles. The most successful nanoparticle was then employed to induce the expression of two suicide genes: cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyl transferase, which allow the cells to convert a non-toxic pro-drug (5-fluorocytosine) into a toxic drug (5-Fluorouridine monophosphate). The effect of the production of the toxic final product was also evaluated in a cancer cell line (NMU cells) co-cultured with the transfected vehicle cells, Decidua-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell-mediated cancer therapy has recently attracted great interest. Tumor-homing cells can exert anticancer effects through innate capacities, via transfection with a therapeutic gene or acting as vehicles of therapeutic nanoparticles. In this work, an ultrasound-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticle (capable of carrying an anticancer drug) is engineered to act as a non-viral transfection agent for tumor-tropic human placental mesenchymal stem cells. The successful transfection of the vehicle cells is evaluated employing different expression plasmids. After transfection with two suicide genes, the vehicle cells are capable of converting a non-toxic pro-drug into a highly toxic molecule, which can also kill surrounding cancer cells in an in vitro co-culture model. This work opens the gate for a plethora of strategies in which both genes and drug-loaded nanoparticles can be transported towards tumor tissues by easily available human mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Paz de la Torre
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ana I Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Paris JL, Villaverde G, Cabañas MV, Manzano M, Vallet-Regí M. From proof-of-concept material to PEGylated and modularly targeted ultrasound-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2785-2794. [PMID: 32254231 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of PEGylated and actively-targeted ultrasound-responsive hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This work covers the development of the chemical strategies necessary to afford a modular nanocarrier starting from a proof-of-concept material presented in previous work. This functional ultrasound-responsive material can be adapted to different specific pathological conditions by carefully choosing the appropriate targeting moieties. The new ultrasound responsive material is able to target HeLa cells when conjugated with biotin or an RGD peptide. Ultrasound-responsive cytotoxicity towards cancer cells of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles is demonstrated in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Paris JL, Manzano M, Cabañas MV, Vallet-Regí M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles engineered for ultrasound-induced uptake by cancer cells. Nanoscale 2018; 10:6402-6408. [PMID: 29561558 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel smart hierarchical ultrasound-responsive mesoporous silica nanocarrier for cancer therapy is presented here. This dynamic nanosystem has been designed to display different surface characteristics during its journey towards tumor cells. Initially, the anticancer-loaded nanocarriers are shielded with a polyethylene glycol layer. Upon exposure to high frequency ultrasound, the polymer shell detaches from the nanoparticles, exposing a positively charged surface. This favors the internalization in human osteosarcoma cells, where the release of topotecan takes place, drastically enhancing the cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040-Madrid, Spain. and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040-Madrid, Spain. and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040-Madrid, Spain. and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Rwei AY, Paris JL, Wang B, Wang W, Axon CD, Vallet-Regí M, Langer R, Kohane DS. Ultrasound-triggered local anaesthesia. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:644-653. [PMID: 29152410 PMCID: PMC5687284 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
On-demand relief of local pain would allow patients to control the timing, intensity and duration of nerve block in a safe and non-invasive manner. Ultrasound would be a suitable trigger for such a system, as it is in common clinical use and can penetrate deeply into the body. Here, we demonstrate that ultrasound-triggered delivery of an anaesthetic from liposomes allows the timing, intensity and duration of nerve block to be controlled by ultrasound parameters. On insonation, the encapsulated sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX produces reactive oxygen species that react with the liposomal membrane, leading to the release of the potent local anaesthetic tetrodotoxin. We also show repeatable ultrasound-triggered nerve blocks in vivo, with nerve-block duration depending on the extent and intensity of insonation. We did not detect any systemic toxicity, and tissue reaction was benign in all groups. On-demand, personalized local anaesthesia could be beneficial for the managing of relatively localized pain states, and potentially minimize opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Y Rwei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruce Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiping Wang
- Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher D Axon
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel S Kohane
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Paris JL, de la Torre P, Victoria Cabañas M, Manzano M, Grau M, Flores AI, Vallet-Regí M. Vectorization of ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles in placental mesenchymal stem cells for cancer therapy. Nanoscale 2017; 9:5528-5537. [PMID: 28402365 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new platform constituted by engineered responsive nanoparticles transported by human mesenchymal stem cells is here presented as a proof of concept. Ultrasound-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles are coated with polyethylenimine to favor their effective uptake by decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The responsive-release ability of the designed nanoparticles is confirmed, both in vial and in vivo. In addition, this capability is maintained inside the cells used as carriers. The migration capacity of the nanoparticle-cell platform towards mammary tumors is assessed in vitro. The efficacy of this platform for anticancer therapy is shown against mammary tumor cells by inducing the release of doxorubicin only when the cell vehicles are exposed to ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Paris JL, de la Torre P, Manzano M, Cabañas MV, Flores AI, Vallet-Regí M. Decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells as carriers of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo evaluation on mammary tumors. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:275-82. [PMID: 26796209 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The potential use of human Decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) as a platform to carry mesoporous silica nanoparticles in cancer therapy has been investigated. Two types of nanoparticles were evaluated. The nanoparticles showed negligible toxicity to the cells, a fast uptake and a long retention inside them. Nanoparticle location in the cell was studied by colocalization with the lysosomes. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo migration of DMSCs towards tumors was not modified by the evaluated nanoparticles. Finally, DMSCs transporting doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles were capable of inducing cancer cell death in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The use of nanotechnology for anticancer drug delivery has recently attracted great interest. Nanoparticles such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can reach tumors, either by passive targeting, through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, or active targeting, through the functionalization of nanoparticle surface. However, nanotechnology has not yet achieved the expected results in improving drug targeting, highlighting the need for a better localization of the nanoparticles in the tumors. Human mesenchymal stem cells from the decidua of the human placenta (DMSCs) have been observed to migrate towards tumors in a preclinical model of breast cancer. Moreover, they have been shown to inhibit growth of primary tumors and development of new tumors. In this work, combining MSNs and DMSCs, we have studied for the first time whether placental stem cells could be employed as a platform to load nanoparticles and carry them towards tumors for future anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Paz de la Torre
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Abstract
A new ultrasound-responsive system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles was developed for biomedical applications, grafting a copolymer on their surface that acts as gatekeeper of the pores. The nanoparticles can be loaded with a cargo at low temperature (4 °C), taking advantage of the open conformation that the polymer presents under these conditions. Then, at 37 °C the copolymer collapses closing the pore entrances and allowing the nanoparticles to carry the drugs at physiological temperature without premature release, which is of great importance when dealing with cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatments. Upon ultrasound irradiation, the sensitive polymer changes its hydrophobicity and, therefore, its conformation toward coil-like opening the gates and releasing the cargo. These hybrid nanoparticles have been shown to be noncytotoxic and can be internalized into LNCaP cells retaining their ultrasound-responsive capability in the cytoplasm of the cells. Moreover, doxorubicin-loaded hybrid MSNs were incubated with LNCaP cells to show their capacity to induce cell death only when the nanoparticles had been exposed to ultrasound. This work demonstrates that our hybrid-MSNs can be triggered by remote stimuli, which is of capital importance for future applications in drug delivery and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Paris
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cabañas
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Ahrika A, Anouti M, Robert JE, Paris JL. Article. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/v98-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
S-Aryl thiol esters RC(O)SAr and ArS2- ions are the end products resulting from the reactions between bis(2-nitrophenyl) disulfide Ar2S2 and thiocarboxylate ions RC(O)S- (R = Me, Ph) at 20°C. The apparent SNAr process in fact occurs in two steps as shown by UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry coupled with voltammetry: (i) formation of diacyl disulfides [RC(O)]2S2 and ArS- ions by redox exchange; (ii) subsequent nucleophilic substitution of 2-nitrophenyl thiolate ions at the carbonyl carbon of diacyl disulfides.Key words: diacyl disulfides, 2-nitrophenyldisulfide ions, N,N-dimethylacetamide, nucleophilic substitution, spectroelectrochemistry.
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