1
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Tai W, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Spray freeze dried cannabidiol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) for inhalation and solubility enhancement. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124235. [PMID: 38762165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an efficient route of administration to deliver cannabidiol (CBD) due to the high bioavailability and fast onset of action. The major formulation challenge is the poor aqueous solubility of CBD. This study aimed to produce inhalable CBD powders with enhanced solubility and characterise their solid-state properties. CBD was spray freeze dried with mannitol or trehalose dihydrate with and without dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). All four powders had acceptable yields at > 70 % with porous and spherical particles. The two crystalline mannitol powders contained less residual solvent than both amorphous trehalose ones. The addition of DPPC did not affect the crystallinity and residual solvent level of the powders. Instead, DPPC made the particles more porous, decreased the particle size from 19-23 µm to 11-13 µm, and increased CBD solubility from 0.36 µg/mL to over 2 µg/mL. The two DPPC powders were dispersed from a low resistance RS01 inhaler, showing acceptable aerosol performance with emitted fractions at 91-93 % and fine particle fractions < 5 µm at 34-43 %. These formulations can be used as a platform to deliver CBD and other cannabinoids by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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2
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Shao Z, Tam KKG, Achalla VPK, Woon ECY, Mason AJ, Chow SF, Yam WC, Lam JKW. Synergistic combination of antimicrobial peptide and isoniazid as inhalable dry powder formulation against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123960. [PMID: 38447778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has posed a serious threat to global public health, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged to be promising candidates to tackle this deadly infectious disease. Previous study has suggested that two AMPs, namely D-LAK120-A and D-LAK120-HP13, can potentiate the effect of isoniazid (INH) against mycobacteria. In this study, the strategy of combining INH and D-LAK peptide as a dry powder formulation for inhalation was explored. The antibacterial effect of INH and D-LAK combination was first evaluated on three MDR clinical isolates of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) were determined. The combination was synergistic against Mtb with FICIs ranged from 0.25 to 0.38. The INH and D-LAK peptide at 2:1 mole ratio (equivalent to 1: 10 mass ratio) was identified to be optimal. This ratio was adopted for the preparation of dry powder formulation for pulmonary delivery, with mannitol used as bulking excipient. Spherical particles with mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of around 5 µm were produced by spray drying. The aerosol performance of the spray dried powder was moderate, as evaluated by the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), with emitted fraction and fine particle fraction of above 70 % and 45 %, respectively. The circular dichroism spectra revealed that both D-LAK peptides retained their secondary structure after spray drying, and the antibacterial effect of the combination against the MDR Mtb clinical isolates was successfully preserved. The combination was found to be effective against MDR Mtb isolates with KatG or InhA mutations. Overall, the synergistic combination of INH with D-LAK peptide formulated as inhaled dry powder offers a new therapeutic approach against MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kingsley King-Gee Tam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - V P K Achalla
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther C Y Woon
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wing Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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3
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Shleider Carnero Canales C, Marquez Cazorla J, Furtado Torres AH, Monteiro Filardi ET, Di Filippo LD, Costa PI, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Advances in Diagnostics and Drug Discovery against Resistant and Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2409. [PMID: 37896169 PMCID: PMC10610444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a subclinical, asymptomatic mycobacterial state affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The substantial prevalence of LTBI, combined with the risk of progressing to active tuberculosis, underscores its central role in the increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Accurate identification and timely treatment are vital to contain and reduce the spread of the disease, forming a critical component of the global strategy known as "End TB." This review aims to examine and highlight the most recent scientific evidence related to new diagnostic approaches and emerging therapeutic treatments for LTBI. While prevalent diagnostic methods include the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), WHO's approval of two specific IGRAs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) marked a significant advancement. However, the need for a specific test with global application viability has propelled research into diagnostic tests based on molecular diagnostics, pulmonary immunity, epigenetics, metabolomics, and a current focus on next-generation MTB antigen-based skin test (TBST). It is within these emerging methods that the potential for accurate distinction between LTBI and active TB has been demonstrated. Therapeutically, in addition to traditional first-line therapies, anti-LTBI drugs, anti-resistant TB drugs, and innovative candidates in preclinical and clinical stages are being explored. Although the advancements are promising, it is crucial to recognize that further research and clinical evidence are needed to solidify the effectiveness and safety of these new approaches, in addition to ensuring access to new drugs and diagnostic methods across all health centers. The fight against TB is evolving with the development of more precise diagnostic tools that differentiate the various stages of the infection and with more effective and targeted treatments. Once consolidated, current advancements have the potential to transform the prevention and treatment landscape of TB, reinforcing the global mission to eradicate this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Shleider Carnero Canales
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (C.S.C.C.)
| | - Jessica Marquez Cazorla
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (C.S.C.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Inácio Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
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4
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Caselli L, Rodrigues GR, Franco OL, Malmsten M. Pulmonary delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37731338 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2254932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract cause millions of deaths annually. Several diseases exist wherein (1) bacterial infection is the main cause of disease (e.g., tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia), (2) bacterial infection is a consequence of disease and worsens the disease prognosis (e.g., cystic fibrosis), and (3) bacteria-triggered inflammation propagates the disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Current approaches to combat infections generally include long and aggressive antibiotic treatments, which challenge patient compliance, thereby making relapses common and contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance. Consequently, the proportion of infections that cannot be treated with conventional antibiotics is rapidly increasing, and novel therapies are urgently needed. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received considerable attention as they may exhibit potent antimicrobial effects against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains but with modest toxicity. In addition, some AMPs suppress inflammation and provide other host defense functions (motivating the alternative term host defense peptides (HDPs)). However, the delivery of AMPs is complicated because they are large, positively charged, and amphiphilic. As a result of this, AMP delivery systems have recently attracted attention. For airway infections, the currently investigated delivery approaches range from aerosols and dry powders to various self-assembly and nanoparticle carrier systems, as well as their combinations. In this paper, we discuss recent developments in the field, ranging from mechanistic mode-of-action studies to the application of these systems for combating bacterial infections in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele R Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Robla S, Calviño RV, Ambrus R, Csaba N. A ready-to-use dry powder formulation based on protamine nanocarriers for pulmonary drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106442. [PMID: 37019308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis has promoted the appearance of side effects as well as resistance to these treatments. The low solubility, high metabolism, and degradation of drugs such as rifabutin, have led to the use of combined and prolonged therapies, which difficult patient compliance. In this work, we develop inhalable formulations from biomaterials such as protamine to improve the therapeutic effect. Rifabutin-loaded protamine nanocapsules (NCs) were prepared by solvent displacement method and were physico-chemically characterized and evaluated for their dissolution, permeability, stability, cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, internalization, and aerodynamic characteristics after a spray-drying procedure. Protamine NCs presented a size of around 200 nm, positive surface charge, and drug association up to 54%. They were stable as suspension under storage, as well as in biological media and as a dry powder after lyophilization in the presence of mannitol. Nanocapsules showed a good safety profile and cellular uptake with no tolerogenic effect on macrophages and showed good compatibility with red blood cells. Moreover, the aerodynamic evaluation showed a fine particle fraction deposition up to 30% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter of about 5 µm, suitable for the pulmonary delivery of therapeutics.
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Patil SM, Barji DS, Aziz S, McChesney DA, Bagde S, Muttil P, Kunda NK. Pulmonary delivery of spray-dried Nisin ZP antimicrobial peptide for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122641. [PMID: 36709012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nisin ZP is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis, and we have previously demonstrated anticancer activity in NSCLC (A549) cells. In this study, we formulated a nisin ZP dry powder (NZSD) using a spray dryer to facilitate inhaled delivery for the treatment of NSCLC. Nisin ZP was spray-dried with mannitol, l-leucine, and trehalose in a ratio of 75:15:10 using Büchi mini spray-dryer B-290 in different drug loadings (10, 20, and 30% w/w). NZSD powder revealed a good powder yield of >55% w/w with ≤3 % w/w moisture content and high nisin ZP drug loading for all the peptide ratios. The NZSD powder particles were irregularly shaped with corrugated morphology. The presence of an endothermic peak in DSC thermograms and attenuated crystalline peaks in PXRD diffractograms confirmed the semi-crystalline powder nature of NZSD. The anticancer activity of nisin ZP was maintained after fabricating it into NZSD powder and showed a similar inhibitory concentration to free nisin ZP. Stability studies indicated that NZSD powders were stable for three months at 4 and 25 ℃ with more than 90% drug content and semi-crystalline nature, as confirmed by DSC and PXRD. Aerosolization studies performed using NGI indicated an aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) within the desired range (1-5 µm) and a high fine particle fraction (FPF > 75%) for all peptide ratios, suggesting powder deposition in the lung's respiratory airways. In conclusion, a dry powder of nisin ZP was formulated using a spray dryer with enhanced storage stability and suitable for inhaled delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Druva Sarika Barji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sophia Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - David A McChesney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Shapali Bagde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
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7
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Shao Z, Chow MYT, Chow SF, Lam JKW. Co-Delivery of D-LAK Antimicrobial Peptide and Capreomycin as Inhaled Powder Formulation to Combat Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1073-1086. [PMID: 36869245 PMCID: PMC9984245 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) posed a severe challenge to tuberculosis (TB) management. The treatment of MDR-TB involves second-line anti-TB agents, most of which are injectable and highly toxic. Previous metabolomics study of the Mtb membrane revealed that two antimicrobial peptides, D-LAK120-A and D-LAK120-HP13, can potentiate the efficacy of capreomycin against mycobacteria. AIMS As both capreomycin and peptides are not orally available, this study aimed to formulate combined formulations of capreomycin and D-LAK peptides as inhalable dry powder by spray drying. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 16 formulations were prepared with different levels of drug content and capreomycin to peptide ratios. A good production yield of over 60% (w/w) was achieved in most formulations. The co-spray dried particles exhibited spherical shape with a smooth surface and contained low residual moisture of below 2%. Both capreomycin and D-LAK peptides were enriched at the surface of the particles. The aerosol performance of the formulations was evaluated with Next Generation Impactor (NGI) coupled with Breezhaler®. While no significant difference was observed in terms of emitted fraction (EF) and fine particle fraction (FPF) among the different formulations, lowering the flow rate from 90 L/min to 60 L/min could reduce the impaction at the throat and improve the FPF to over 50%. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study showed the feasibility of producing co-spray dried formulation of capreomycin and antimicrobial peptides for pulmonary delivery. Future study on their antibacterial effect is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael Y T Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
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Jadhav K, Singh R, Ray E, Singh AK, Verma RK. Taming the Devil: Antimicrobial Peptides for Safer TB Therapeutics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:643-656. [PMID: 35619262 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220526161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection with extensive mortality and morbidity. The rise of TB-superbugs (drug-resistant strains) with the increase of their resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted a further search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. It is difficult to breach the barriers around TB bacteria, including mycolic cell wall, granuloma, biofilm and mucus, by conventional antibiotics in a short span of time. Hence, there is an essential need for molecules with an unconventional mode of action and structure that can efficiently break the barriers around mycobacterium. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity having cationic and amphipathic characteristics. Lines of evidence show that AMPs have good myco-bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against normal as well as antibiotic-resistant TB bacteria. These peptides have shown direct killing of bacteria by membrane lysis and indirect killing by activation of innate immune response in host cells by interacting with the component of the bacterial membrane and intracellular targets through diverse mechanisms. Despite a good anti-mycobacterial activity, some undesirable characteristics are also associated with AMP, including hemolysis, cytotoxicity, susceptibility to proteolysis and poor pharmacokinetic profile, and hence only a few clinical studies have been conducted with these biomolecules. The design of new combinatorial therapies, including AMPs and particulate drug delivery systems, could be new potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics to fight MDR- and XDRTB. This review outlined the array of AMP roles in TB therapy, possible mechanisms of actions, activities, and current advances in pragmatic strategies to improve challenges accompanying the delivery of AMP for tuberculosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jadhav
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
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Pulmonary Delivery of Emerging Antibacterials for Bacterial Lung Infections Treatment. Pharm Res 2022; 40:1057-1072. [PMID: 36123511 PMCID: PMC9484715 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections in the respiratory tract are considered as one of the major challenges to the public health worldwide. Pulmonary delivery is an attractive approach in the management of bacterial respiratory infections with a few inhaled antibiotics approved. However, with the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it is necessary to develop new/alternative inhaled antibacterial agents in the post-antibiotic era. A pipeline of novel biological antibacterial agents, including antimicrobial peptides, RNAi therapeutics, and bacteriophages, has emerged to combat bacterial infections with excellent performance. In this review, the causal effects of bacterial infections on the related pulmonary infectious diseases will be firstly introduced. This is followed by an overview on the development of emerging antibacterial therapeutics for managing lung bacterial infections through nebulization/inhalation of dried powders. The obstacles and underlying proposals regarding their clinical transformation are also discussed to seek insights for further development. Research on inhaled therapy of these emerging antibacterials are still in the infancy, but the promising progress warrants further attention.
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Bertrams W, Lindhauer NS, Rieke MC, Paas A, Hoffmann K, Greene B, Visekruna A, Vilcinskas A, Seidel K, Schmeck B. Tribolium castaneum defensin 1 kills Moraxella catarrhalisin an in vitro infection model but does not harm commensal bacteria. Virulence 2021; 12:1003-1010. [PMID: 33843461 PMCID: PMC8043168 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1908741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a bacterial pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections in humans. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant M. catarrhalis strains has created a demand for alternative treatment options. We therefore tested 23 insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for their activity against M. catarrhalis in a human in vitro infection model with primary macrophages, and against commensal bacteria. Effects on bacterial growth were determined by colony counting and growth curve analysis. The inflammatory macrophage response was characterized by qPCR and multiplex ELISA. Eleven of the AMPs were active against M. catarrhalis. Defensin 1 from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum significantly inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the number of colony forming units. This AMP also showed antibacterial activity in the in vitro infection model, reducing cytokine expression and release by macrophages. Defensin 1 had no effect on the commensal bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. However, sarcotoxin 1 C from the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata was active against M. catarrhalis and E. coli, but not against E. faecalis. The ability of T. castaneum defensin 1 to inhibit M. catarrhalis but not selected commensal bacteria, and the absence of cytotoxic or inflammatory effects against human blood-derived macrophages, suggests this AMP may be suitable for development as a new therapeutic lead against antibiotic-resistant M. catarrhalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nora S. Lindhauer
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Christin Rieke
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Paas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brandon Greene
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Member for Infectious Diseases (DZIF), and the SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany,CONTACT Bernd Schmeck
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11
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Spray-Dried Powder Formulation of Capreomycin Designed for Inhaled Tuberculosis Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122044. [PMID: 34959328 PMCID: PMC8706516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a huge public health problem. The treatment regimen of MDR-TB requires prolonged chemotherapy with multiple drugs including second-line anti-TB agents associated with severe adverse effects. Capreomycin, a polypeptide antibiotic, is the first choice of second-line anti-TB drugs in MDR-TB therapy. It requires repeated intramuscular or intravenous administration five times per week. Pulmonary drug delivery is non-invasive with the advantages of local targeting and reduced risk of systemic toxicity. In this study, inhaled dry powder formulation of capreomycin targeting the lung was developed using spray drying technique. Among the 16 formulations designed, the one containing 25% capreomycin (w/w) and spray-dried at an inlet temperature of 90 °C showed the best overall performance with the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.38 μm and a fine particle fraction (FPF) of around 65%. In the pharmacokinetic study in mice, drug concentration in the lungs was approximately 8-fold higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1.25 to 2.5 µg/mL) for at least 24 h following intratracheal administration (20 mg/kg). Compared to intravenous injection, inhaled capreomycin showed significantly higher area under the curve, slower clearance and longer mean residence time in both the lungs and plasma.
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12
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Rezende SB, Oshiro KGN, Júnior NGO, Franco OL, Cardoso MH. Advances on chemically modified antimicrobial peptides for generating peptide antibiotics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11578-11590. [PMID: 34652348 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are pinpointed as promising molecules against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Nevertheless, there is a discrepancy between the AMP sequences generated and the tangible outcomes in clinical trials. AMPs' limitations include enzymatic degradation, chemical/physical instability and toxicity toward healthy human cells. These factors compromise AMPs' bioavailability, resulting in limited therapeutic potential. To overcome such obstacles, peptidomimetic approaches, including glycosylation, PEGylation, lipidation, cyclization, grafting, D-amino acid insertion, stapling and dendrimers are promising strategies to fine-tune AMPs. Here we focused on chemical modifications applied for AMP optimization and how they have helped these peptide-based antibiotic candidates' design and translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samilla B Rezende
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Karen G N Oshiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson G O Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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13
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Lin L, Chi J, Yan Y, Luo R, Feng X, Zheng Y, Xian D, Li X, Quan G, Liu D, Wu C, Lu C, Pan X. Membrane-disruptive peptides/peptidomimetics-based therapeutics: Promising systems to combat bacteria and cancer in the drug-resistant era. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2609-2644. [PMID: 34589385 PMCID: PMC8463292 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-disruptive peptides/peptidomimetics (MDPs) are antimicrobials or anticarcinogens that present a general killing mechanism through the physical disruption of cell membranes, in contrast to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, which act on precise targets such as DNA or specific enzymes. Owing to their rapid action, broad-spectrum activity, and mechanisms of action that potentially hinder the development of resistance, MDPs have been increasingly considered as future therapeutics in the drug-resistant era. Recently, growing experimental evidence has demonstrated that MDPs can also be utilized as adjuvants to enhance the therapeutic effects of other agents. In this review, we evaluate the literature around the broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and anticancer activity of MDPs, and summarize the current development and mechanisms of MDPs alone or in combination with other agents. Notably, this review highlights recent advances in the design of various MDP-based drug delivery systems that can improve the therapeutic effect of MDPs, minimize side effects, and promote the co-delivery of multiple chemotherapeutics, for more efficient antimicrobial and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiaying Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yilang Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Rui Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Dongyi Xian
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Eedara BB, Alabsi W, Encinas-Basurto D, Polt R, Mansour HM. Spray-Dried Inhalable Powder Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:185. [PMID: 34143327 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innovations in biochemical engineering and understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases resulted in the development of many therapeutic proteins and peptide drugs with high specificity and potency. Currently, protein and peptide drugs are mostly administered by injections due to their large molecular size, poor oral absorption, and labile physicochemical properties. However, parenteral administration has several limitations such as frequent dosing due to the short half-life of protein and peptide in blood, pain on administration, sterility requirement, and poor patient compliance. Among various noninvasive routes of administrations, the pulmonary route has received a great deal of attention and is a better alternative to deliver protein and peptide drugs for treating respiratory diseases and systemic diseases. Among the various aerosol dosage forms, dry powder inhaler (DPI) systems appear to be promising for inhalation delivery of proteins and peptides due to their improved stability in solid state. This review focuses on the development of DPI formulations of protein and peptide drugs using advanced spray drying. An overview of the challenges in maintaining protein stability during the drying process and stabilizing excipients used in spray drying of proteins and peptide drugs is discussed. Finally, a summary of spray-dried DPI formulations of protein and peptide drugs, their characterization, various DPI devices used to deliver protein and peptide drugs, and current clinical status are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanth Babu Eedara
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Wafaa Alabsi
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David Encinas-Basurto
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Heidi M Mansour
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA. .,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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15
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Designing enhanced spray dried particles for inhalation: A review of the impact of excipients and processing parameters on particle properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Wang Q, Ge L, Wang L, Xu Y, Miao S, Yu G, Shen Y. Formulation optimization and in vitro antibacterial ability investigation of azithromycin loaded FDKP microspheres dry powder inhalation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Adlakha S, Sharma A, Vaghasiya K, Ray E, Verma RK. Inhalation Delivery of Host Defense Peptides (HDP) using Nano- Formulation Strategies: A Pragmatic Approach for Therapy of Pulmonary Ailments. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:369-378. [PMID: 31889487 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191231110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDP) are small cationic molecules released by the immune systems of the body, having multidimensional properties including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and immune-modulatory activity. These molecules gained importance due to their broad-spectrum pharmacological activities, and hence being actively investigated. Presently, respiratory infections represent a major global health problem, and HDP has an enormous potential to be used as an alternative therapeutics against respiratory infections and related inflammatory ailments. Because of their short half-life, protease sensitivity, poor pharmacokinetics, and first-pass metabolism, it is challenging to deliver HDP as such inside the physiological system in a controlled way by conventional delivery systems. Many HDPs are efficacious only at practically high molar-concentrations, which is not convincing for the development of drug regimen due to their intrinsic detrimental effects. To avail the efficacy of HDP in pulmonary diseases, it is essential to deliver an appropriate payload into the targeted site of lungs. Inhalable HDP can be a potentially suitable alternative for various lung disorders including tuberculosis, Cystic fibrosis, Pneumonia, Lung cancer, and others as they are active against resistant microbes and cells and exhibit improved targeting with reduced adverse effects. In this review, we give an overview of the pharmacological efficacy of HDP and deliberate strategies for designing inhalable formulations for enhanced activity and issues related to their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneera Adlakha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kalpesh Vaghasiya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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18
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Di Natale C, De Benedictis I, De Benedictis A, Marasco D. Metal-Peptide Complexes as Promising Antibiotics to Fight Emerging Drug Resistance: New Perspectives in Tuberculosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060337. [PMID: 32570779 PMCID: PMC7344629 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In metal-peptide interactions, cations form stable complexes through bonds with coordinating groups as side chains of amino acids. These compounds, among other things, exert a wide variety of antimicrobial activities through structural changes of peptides upon metal binding and redox chemistry. They exhibit different mechanisms of action (MOA), including the modification of DNA/RNA, protein and cell wall synthesis, permeabilization and modulation of gradients of cellular membranes. Nowadays, the large increase in antibiotic resistance represents a crucial problem to limit progression at the pandemic level of the diseases that seemed nearly eradicated, such as tuberculosis (Tb). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics due to chromosomal mutations which can lead to the onset of novel strains. Consequently, the maximum pharmaceutical effort should be focused on the development of new therapeutic agents and antimicrobial peptides can represent a valuable option as a copious source of potential bioactive compounds. The introduction of a metal center can improve chemical diversity and hence specificity and bioavailability while, in turn, the coordination to peptides of metal complexes can protect them and enhance their poor water solubility and air stability: the optimization of these parameters is strictly required for drug prioritization and to obtain potent inhibitors of Mtb infections with novel MOAs. Here, we present a panoramic review of the most recent findings in the field of metal complex-peptide conjugates and their delivery systems with the potential pharmaceutical application as novel antibiotics in Mtb infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Napoli NA, Italy; (C.D.N.); (I.D.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Benedictis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Napoli NA, Italy; (C.D.N.); (I.D.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Arianna De Benedictis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Napoli NA, Italy; (C.D.N.); (I.D.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Napoli NA, Italy; (C.D.N.); (I.D.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Varma DM, Zahid MSH, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Formulation of host-targeted therapeutics against bacterial infections. Transl Res 2020; 220:98-113. [PMID: 32268128 PMCID: PMC10132281 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of bacterial infections is rising due to increasing resistance to the majority of first-line antibiotics, rendering these drugs ineffective against several clinically important pathogens. Limited transport of antibiotics into cells compounds this problem for gram-negative bacteria that exhibit prominent intracellular lifecycles. Furthermore, poor bioavailability of antibiotics in infected tissues necessitates higher doses and longer treatment regimens to treat resistant infections. Although emerging antibiotics can combat these problems, resistance still may develop over time. Expanding knowledge of host-pathogen interactions has inspired research and development of host-directed therapies (HDTs). HDTs target host-cell machinery critical for bacterial pathogenesis to treat bacterial infections alone or as adjunctive treatment with traditional antibiotics. Unlike traditional antibiotics that directly affect bacteria, a majority of HDTs function by boosting the endogenous antimicrobial activity of cells and are consequently less prone to bacterial tolerance induced by selection pressure. Therefore, HDTs can be quite effective against intracellular cytosolic or vacuolar bacteria, which a majority of traditional antibiotics are unable to eradicate. However, in vivo therapeutic efficacy of HDTs is reliant on adequate bioavailability. Particle-based formulations demonstrate the potential to enable targeted drug delivery, enhance cellular uptake, and increase drug concentration in the host cell of HDTs. This review selected HDTs for clinically important pathogens, identifies formulation strategies that can improve their therapeutic efficacy and offers insights toward further development of HDTs for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika M Varma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - M Shamim Hasan Zahid
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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20
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Minakshi P, Ghosh M, Brar B, Kumar R, Lambe UP, Ranjan K, Manoj J, Prasad G. Nano-antimicrobials: A New Paradigm for Combating Mycobacterial Resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1554-1579. [PMID: 31218956 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190620094041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium group contains several pathogenic bacteria including M. tuberculosis where the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is alarming for human and animal health around the world. The condition has further aggravated due to the speed of discovery of the newer drugs has been outpaced by the rate of resistance developed in microorganisms, thus requiring alternative combat strategies. For this purpose, nano-antimicrobials have emerged as a potential option. OBJECTIVE The current review is focused on providing a detailed account of nanocarriers like liposome, micelles, dendrimers, solid lipid NPs, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nano-suspensions, nano-emulsion, mesoporous silica and alginate-based drug delivery systems along with the recent updates on developments regarding nanoparticle-based therapeutics, vaccines and diagnostic methods developed or under pipeline with their potential benefits and limitations to combat mycobacterial diseases for their successful eradication from the world in future. RESULTS Distinct morphology and the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and resistance development in this group of organisms urge improved and novel methods for the early and efficient diagnosis, treatment and vaccination to eradicate the disease. Recent developments in nanotechnology have the potential to meet both the aspects: nano-materials are proven components of several efficient targeted drug delivery systems and the typical physicochemical properties of several nano-formulations have shown to possess distinct bacteriocidal properties. Along with the therapeutic aspects, nano-vaccines and theranostic applications of nano-formulations have grown in popularity in recent times as an effective alternative means to combat different microbial superbugs. CONCLUSION Nanomedicine holds a bright prospect to perform a key role in global tuberculosis elimination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi-834 006, Jharkhand, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVAS, KVASU, Pookode, Wayanad- 673576, Kerala, India
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India
| | | | - Jinu Manoj
- RVDEC Mahendergarh, LUVAS, Haryana, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
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21
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Bahrami A, Delshadi R, Jafari SM, Williams L. Nanoencapsulated nisin: An engineered natural antimicrobial system for the food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Fumaryl diketopiperazine based effervescent microparticles to escape macrophage phagocytosis for enhanced treatment of pneumonia via pulmonary delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 228:119575. [PMID: 31677394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of pulmonary infections with antibiotics administered via pulmonary delivery provides for higher local therapeutic efficacy rather than through systemic administration. Pneumonia is globally considered a major cause of death due to a lack of proper medication. The treatment of pneumonia with inhalable antibiotics (such as azithromycin (AZM)) can provide a maximum pulmonary therapeutic effect without significant systemic side effects. Compared to non-effervescent microparticles, effervescent microparticles can provide an active driving force to release loaded antibiotics for subsequent distribution deep into the lung by virtue of its smaller size. In this study, N-fumaroylated diketopiperazine (FDKP) was used as a carrier to prepare effervescent inhalable microparticles loaded with AZM (AZM@FDKP-E-MPs). This effervescent dry powder was characterized for both in vitro and in vivo deposition in the lung and the results obtained showed significant improvement in lung deposition and anti-bacterial efficiency, suggesting a strong potential application for pneumonia treatment.
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23
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Borro BC, Malmsten M. Complexation between antimicrobial peptides and polyelectrolytes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:251-260. [PMID: 31301601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a result of increasing bacterial resistance against antibiotics, we are facing an emerging health crisis, in which 'simple' infections may no longer be treatable. One class of molecules attracting interest in this context is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and considerable research efforts have been directed to identifying selective and potent AMPs. In addition, since in vivo delivery of AMPs is challenging, there is an emerging awareness that successful development of AMP therapeutics can be facilitated by careful design of AMPs delivery systems. In the present overview, we discuss polyelectrolyte complexation as a strategy to deliver AMPs. In doing so, key factors for AMP-polyelectrolyte complexation are illustrated for AMP-polyelectrolyte nanoparticle formation, as well as for AMP incorporation in polyelectrolyte microgels and multilayer structures, and consequences of these for functional performance exemplified.
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24
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Silva S, Vale N. Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides for Tuberculosis: A Mini-Review. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:885-892. [PMID: 31241433 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190626160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) can be considered as new potential therapeutic agents for Tuberculosis treatment with a specific amino acid sequence. New studies can be developed in the future to improve the pharmacological properties of CAMPs and also understand possible resistance mechanisms. This review discusses the principal properties of natural and/or synthetic CAMPs, and how these new peptides have a significant specificity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Also, we propose some alternative strategies to enhance the therapeutic activity of these CAMPs that include coadministration with nanoparticles and/or classic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Fragmented particles containing octreotide acetate prepared by spray drying technique for dry powder inhalation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:693-701. [PMID: 29600480 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have been proposed as an alternative administration route for protein and peptide drugs. However, DPI particles are easy to aggregate due to the strong interactions between the particles, leading to poor aerosolization performance. In this study, fragmented particles containing octreotide acetate (OA) were prepared by spray drying technique for dry powder inhalation, which were expected to decrease the particle-particle interaction by reducing the contact sites. Mannitol and ammonium carbonate were used as protein stabilizer and fragment-forming agent, respectively. The obtained fragmented particles presented larger particle size, lower density, better dispersibility, and well in vitro aerodynamic behavior (emitted dose > 97%, fine particle fraction ≈ 40%). The circular dichroism spectrum results indicated that OA maintained the stability throughout the spray drying process. The relative bioavailability of dry powder inhalation (DPI) compared with subcutaneous injection of commercial product was up to 88.0%, demonstrating the feasibility of DPI for OA delivery. These results confirmed that the proposed fragmented particles had great potential for pulmonary delivery of protein and peptide drugs in a painless, rapid, and convenient manner.
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26
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Mehta P, Bothiraja C, Kadam S, Pawar A. Potential of dry powder inhalers for tuberculosis therapy: facts, fidelity and future. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S791-S806. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1513938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mehta
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pune, India
| | - C. Bothiraja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pune, India
| | - Shivajirao Kadam
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Bhavan, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pune, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pune, India
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27
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Arranz-Trullén J, Lu L, Pulido D, Bhakta S, Boix E. Host Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promise of New Treatment Strategies against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1499. [PMID: 29163551 PMCID: PMC5681943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a devastating infectious disease and remerges as a global health emergency due to an alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance to its treatment. Despite of the serious effort that has been applied to develop effective antitubercular chemotherapies, the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remains underexploited. A large amount of literature is now accessible on the AMP mechanisms of action against a diversity of pathogens; nevertheless, research on their activity on mycobacteria is still scarce. In particular, there is an urgent need to integrate all available interdisciplinary strategies to eradicate extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. In this context, we should not underestimate our endogenous antimicrobial proteins and peptides as ancient players of the human host defense system. We are confident that novel antibiotics based on human AMPs displaying a rapid and multifaceted mechanism, with reduced toxicity, should significantly contribute to reverse the tide of antimycobacterial drug resistance. In this review, we have provided an up to date perspective of the current research on AMPs to be applied in the fight against TB. A better understanding on the mechanisms of action of human endogenous peptides should ensure the basis for the best guided design of novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Trullén
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Lu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Pulido
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Boix
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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AlMatar M, Makky EA, Yakıcı G, Var I, Kayar B, Köksal F. Antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:288-305. [PMID: 29079429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) presently accounts for high global mortality and morbidity rates, despite the introduction four decades ago of the affordable and efficient four-drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol). Thus, a strong need exists for new drugs with special structures and uncommon modes of action to effectively overcome M. tuberculosis. Within this scope, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are small, cationic and amphipathic peptides that comprise a section of the innate immune system, are currently the leading potential agents for the treatment of TB. Many studies have recently illustrated the capability of anti-mycobacterial peptides to disrupt the normal mycobacterial cell wall function through various modes, thereby interacting with the intracellular targets, as well as encompassing nucleic acids, enzymes and organelles. This review presents a wide array of antimicrobial activities, alongside the associated properties of the AMPs that could be utilized as potential agents in therapeutic tactics for TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü) Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Gülfer Yakıcı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kayar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Momin MA, Sinha S, Tucker IG, Doyle C, Das SC. Dry powder formulation of kanamycin with enhanced aerosolization efficiency for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 242:17-34. [PMID: 28159168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to rapidly increasing resistance development against conventional antibiotics, finding novel approaches for the treatment of infections has emerged as a key health issue. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted interest in this context, and there is by now a considerable literature on the identification such peptides, as well as on their optimization to reach potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects at simultaneously low toxicity against human cells. In comparison, delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides have attracted considerably less interest. However, such delivery systems are likely to play a key role in the development of potent and safe AMP-based therapeutics, e.g., through reducing chemical or biological degradation of AMPs either in the formulation or after administration, by reducing adverse side-effects, by controlling AMP release rate, by promoting biofilm penetration, or through achieving co-localization with intracellular pathogens. Here, an overview is provided of the current understanding of delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides, with special focus on AMP-carrier interactions, as well as consequences of these interactions for antimicrobial and related biological effects of AMP-containing formulations.
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Felício MR, Silva ON, Gonçalves S, Santos NC, Franco OL. Peptides with Dual Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Front Chem 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28271058 PMCID: PMC5318463 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of people suffering from cancer and multi-resistant infections has increased, such that both diseases are already seen as current and future major causes of death. Moreover, chronic infections are one of the main causes of cancer, due to the instability in the immune system that allows cancer cells to proliferate. Likewise, the physical debility associated with cancer or with anticancer therapy itself often paves the way for opportunistic infections. It is urgent to develop new therapeutic methods, with higher efficiency and lower side effects. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in the innate immune system of a wide range of organisms. Identified as the most promising alternative to conventional molecules used nowadays against infections, some of them have been shown to have dual activity, both as antimicrobial and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Highly cationic and amphipathic, they have demonstrated efficacy against both conditions, with the number of nature-driven or synthetically designed peptides increasing year by year. With similar properties, AMPs that can also act as ACPs are viewed as future chemotherapeutic drugs, with the advantage of low propensity to resistance, which started this paradigm in the pharmaceutical market. These peptides have already been described as molecules presenting killing mechanisms at the membrane level, but also acting toward intracellular targets, which increases their success compartively to one-target specific drugs. This review will approach the desirable characteristics of small peptides that demonstrated dual activity against microbial infections and cancer, as well as the peptides engaged in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário R Felício
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Osmar N Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Sônia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom BoscoCampo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
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O'Connor G, Gleeson LE, Fagan-Murphy A, Cryan SA, O'Sullivan MP, Keane J. Sharpening nature's tools for efficient tuberculosis control: A review of the potential role and development of host-directed therapies and strategies for targeted respiratory delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:33-54. [PMID: 27151307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Centuries since it was first described, tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health issue. Despite ongoing holistic measures implemented by health authorities and a number of new oral treatments reaching the market, there is still a need for an advanced, efficient TB treatment. An adjunctive, host-directed therapy designed to enhance endogenous pathways and hence compliment current regimens could be the answer. The integration of drug repurposing, including synthetic and naturally occurring compounds, with a targeted drug delivery platform is an attractive development option. In order for a new anti-tubercular treatment to be produced in a timely manner, a multidisciplinary approach should be taken from the outset including stakeholders from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory bodies keeping the patient as the key focus. Pre-clinical considerations for the development of a targeted host-directed therapy are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma O'Connor
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Laura E Gleeson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aidan Fagan-Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary P O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
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Silva JP, Appelberg R, Gama FM. Antimicrobial peptides as novel anti-tuberculosis therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:924-940. [PMID: 27235189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has recently joined HIV/AIDS as the world's deadliest infectious disease, affecting around 9.6 million people worldwide in 2014. Of those, about 1.2 million died from the disease. Resistance acquisition to existing antibiotics, with the subsequent emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant mycobacteria strains, together with an increasing economic burden, has urged the development of new anti-TB drugs. In this scope, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are small, cationic and amphipathic peptides that make part of the innate immune system, now arise as promising candidates for TB treatment. In this review, we analyze the potential of AMPs for this application. We address the mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages over conventional antibiotics and how problems associated with its use may be overcome to boost their therapeutic potential. Additionally, we address the challenges of translational development from benchside to bedside, evaluate the current development pipeline and analyze the expected global impact from a socio-economic standpoint. The quest for more efficient and more compliant anti-TB drugs, associated with the great therapeutic potential of emerging AMPs and the rising peptide market, provide an optimal environment for the emergence of AMPs as promising therapies. Still, their pharmacological properties need to be enhanced and manufacturing-associated issues need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Silva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Rui Appelberg
- Department of Immunophysiology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Gama
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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